专题08 阅读理解说明文+议论文（精选名校试题12篇）【考题猜想】-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期末考点大串讲（上海）

高一上学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题08 说明文+议论文精选12篇 （原题版） 01 【来源】上海市虹口区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 A short period of sleep taken during the day is known as a nap. Naps don’t just have benefits for adults at work, though. They could also help pupils to make the most of their school day. Studies have shown that a 20 to 30-minute “beauty sleep” makes people more alert and focused. This improves people’s ability to remember new information, which would help school children concentrate during lessons. Experts say that napping also improves brain functions, such as memory and the ability to complete difficult tasks. The school day starts early, which means that pupils don’t always get enough sleep because there’s no chance to have a lie-in. Adding naptime during the school day would help exhausted pupils to make up for any sleep they’ve lost from getting up so early. There are long-term benefits to taking a short nap, too. According to a recent study from University College London, the brains of people who have regular naps are bigger than those who don’t. People’s brains naturally shrink when they grow old, and the results showed that little sleeps can help people’s brains to age more slowly. Although a nap can seem like a good idea, going to sleep for too long can actually make you feel worse. It’s not very pleasant to wake up from a daytime nap feeling confused and sleepy. Napping during the day can also have a negative impact on how well you sleep at night. This can create a cycle of not being able to sleep as well at night, leaving you feeling even more tired in the daytime. Sleep expert Dr Clete Kushida said, “It’s generally recommended to maximize sleep at night.” Another consideration is that there really isn’t time in the school day for pupils to go to sleep. Some parents and teachers are concerned that it would cause children to miss too much lesson time. Pupils might take advantage of the system and use their need for a nap as an excuse to get out of lessons. So, what do you think? Should school allow kids to have naps, or should you wait until the evening to catch up on your sleep? 1．It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A．children need more naps than adults do B．naps improve memory, efficiency and beauty C．both children and adults are equally in need of naps D．naps can bring more benefits to children than to adults 2．According to the passage, napping for too long is not advisable because ________. A．it may affect a healthier cycle of sleep B．school kids will feel too sleepy to wake up C．it can’t make up for the sleep lost from waking up early D．it extends the school day for kids to have enough lessons 3．Which of the following statements can be learned about taking naps according to the passage? A．It’s better for babies to have as many daytime naps as possible. B．Regular naps can slow the rate at which brains shrink with age. C．There’s no need to guarantee night sleep if one has regular naps. D．Different from teachers, parents want their kids to have naptimes. 4．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Should Schools Have Naptimes? B．How Could Naptimes Benefit Kids? C．Are Kids Losing Too Much Sleep? D．Do You Get Enough Daytime Sleep? 02 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一期末英语试卷 Buying organic (有机的) food may not always be better for the planet or for human health than cheaper options grown with artificial pesticides, according to researchers. There tend to be more birds and bees on organic farms but the benefits may be cancelled out because they produce an average of 19 to 25 perent less food per acre than conventional farms. This means that more land is needed to produce the same amount of food, and land being changed for agriculture is one of the greatest threats to wildlife, researchers at the University of British Columbia said. Organic farms tend to use less energy and produce lower emissions, but “when lower organic yields are taken into account, greenhouse gas emissions might actually be higher under organic management.” The authors of the study, published in Science Advances, said: “We don’t know whether organic agriculture provides any benefits for biodiversity if lower organic yields are taken into account.” Organic farms tend to cause less nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of water systems, but the lower yields could mean that nitrogen loss per unit of food produced is higher than on conventional farms. The authors argued that in countries such as Canada, where pesticide regulations are strict and diets are rich in micronutrients, the health benefits of choosing organic might be marginal. They said organically grown food probably contained slightly more micronutrients but it was not clear whether this provided “any actual health benefits to consumers”. The team analyzed organic crop farming across 17 criteria including yield, impact on climate change, farmer livelihood and consumer health. “Organic is often proposed as a good solution to current environmental and food scarcity problems, but we found that the costs and benefits will vary heavily depending on the context,” Verena Seufert, one of the authors, said. They concluded that organic farming is not the only solution to providing a sustainable source of food for an ever-growing global population, but does have an important role to play. “We need to stop the perception of organic and conventional agriculture as two ends of the spectrum. Instead, consumers should demand better practices for both so that we can achieve the world’s food needs in a sustainable way,” Ms. Seufert said. The study, which involved a review of the scientific literature on the environmental and economic performance of organic farms, also found that they were highly dependent on animal manure (排泄物) from conventional farms and added: “It is not clear whether we would have enough organic fertilizers to feed everyone in the world with organic food” Organic food is more expensive and “therefore less accessible to consumers with low income, they said. 5．What does the study find about organic farms? A．They are less than efficient. B．They rely on wildlife species. C．They used to produce added emission. D．They use high-quality pesticides. 6．The word “marginal” (in paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to __________. A．irregular B．unlimited C．unimportant D．irrelevant 7．What can be inferred from the passage about organic agriculture? A．Its benefits are yet to be confirmed by review of scientific literature. B．It is perceived as reaching the end of its development like conventional agriculture. C．It is regarded as the opposite of conventional agriculture. D．Its drawbacks outweigh the benefits it yields in most cases. 8．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Organic Farming: Balancing Costs and Benefits B．Organic Farming: Winner in Sustainable Agriculture C．Organic Farming: A Cost-Effective Path to a Healthier Planet D．Organic Farming: The Answer to Global Food Scarcity 03 【来源】上海市普陀区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated. While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars, policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing (叫车) services. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. 9．What does the word “materializing” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．consuming fewer resources B．coming into being C．drawing people’s attention D．enjoying an advantage 10．Paragraph 3 mainly talks about . A．drivers’ improper use of self-driving cars B．the worsening traffic due to self-driving cars C．the possible bad effects of self-driving cars D．the widespread application of self-driving cars 11．What of the following best illustrates the author’s attitude towards self-driving cars? A．It remains to be seen whether self-driving cars will be safe enough. B．The future of self-driving cars is not as bright as producers think. C．We should make self-driving cars a better choice of transportation. D．Policy makers should stop giving self-driving cars permits. 12．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Preparing cities for self-driving cars B．Self-driving cars: shared or not? C．Shall we ban self-driving cars? D．Future self-driving cars 04 【来源】上海市闵行区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末区统考英语试卷 Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests. Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a series of tests. For eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests. Those who bad held mentally stimulating (刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive (认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status. “This works just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work — sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy.” It’s not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating (协调),” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.” Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons — including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help. 13．Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests? A．To assess their health status. B．To evaluate their work habits. C．To analyze their personality. D．To measure their mental ability. 14．How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4? A．By using an expert’s words. B．By making a comparison. C．By referring to another study. D．By introducing a concept. 15．According to paragraph 5, it can be concluded that ______. A．unless you work for the corporate, you cannot keep your brain fit B．working as a waiter could be as mentally challenging as being an office clerk C．any job that challenges your brain is good for your brain D．running a family household without pay can’t help your brain stay healthy 16．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills B．Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs C．Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp D．Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age 05 【来源】上海交大附中嘉定分校2023-2024学年 高一上期末英语考试 Dear boss — You have always tried to attract young and youngish consumers, and our consultants have always come up with new ways to label them. I don’t need to remind you that “millennials” and, increasingly, “Gen Z” are our most important markets. The trouble is that coming up with rules to define a swathe of humanity is more art than science. It is liable to apply stereotypes. Luckily you have me, and I’m here to tell you that much of what is written about marketing to today’s most prized consumers is a myth. Social media has just changed the ways people discover brands from viewing television, newspapers and magazines to surfing Instagram and TikTok; it has weakened the power of marketing as a whole. Such is the ease with which digital natives can fact-check our tricky marketing claims that it is getting harder to build brand loyalty. Online, communication is cheap and prices are readily Googled. There is a similar temptation to think that physical shops no longer matter. Young consumers love their Amazon deliveries. But what works best is the seamless combination of the digital and physical worlds. Remember those online-only influencer-backed beauty brands like Glossier, which took the world by storm during the pandemic? It turns out that they struggle to get repeat business and have had to pair up with physical retailers. If we want to succeed, we need to offer the best of both physical and virtual worlds. Gen Z will consider a brand’s sustainability and social impact, but considering something isn’t surrendering to it. They are never brand-slaved. It is chiefly youngsters who buy cheap “fast-fashion” outfits to wear once and then send to landfill. Also, youngsters care less for consumer boycotts than its virtue-signaling parents, thus open to various brands. No wonder, most brands originate from youngsters with duel identities of producers and consumers. What determines the shopping mode of a generation is their mindset. In Gen Z, lies are easily exposed online, where everyone loves a takedown and hates hypocrisy. We are people just as our young customers are and people will always buy sincerity. 17．What is the article primarily warning readers against in marketing? A．The excessive use of digital advertising and ignoring traditional media. B．The use of influencers and social media platforms for product promotion. C．Focusing solely on Gen Z without considering other demographic groups. D．Relying on outdated perceptions of young consumer behaviors. 18．Why is it challenging to build brand loyalty among younger consumers in the digital age? A．Young consumers are less interested in brand loyalty. B．Digital natives can check out marketing claims. C．Young consumers prefer shopping in physical stores. D．Social media platforms are misguiding in brand establishment. 19．What is suggested about the importance of physical stores in modern retailing? A．Physical stores are becoming obsolete due to the rise of e-commerce. B．Young consumers only prefer online shopping and home deliveries. C．A combination of digital and physical retail experiences is most effective. D．Physical stores should be completely replaced by digital marketing strategies. 20．What’s the attitude of young consumers towards brands? A．They commit to social justice and boycott unethical brands. B．They consider a brand’s sustainability but are not controlled by it. C．They are indifferent to a brand’s quality and social influence. D．They only support brands that are created by their peers. 06 【来源】上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 They say the average person makes 35,000 decisions a day. Yet in her new book, How Woman Decide, Therese Huston explores a widespread phenomenon that many women fail to notice. “There’s a huge double standard when it comes to how men and women are viewed as decision-makers,” explains Therese, a psychologist from Seattle University. Therese decided to write the book after looking at her bookshelf: At one end, there were bestselling books about how to be a clever decision-maker — all written by men and featuring interviews with men like athletes. At the other end were books aimed at women on gaining leadership skills and confidence. “Once those women are at the table, will their decisions be taken as seriously as men’s?” Therese wondered. “Men are respected as decision-makers more than women, especially in the workplace, largely because there’s this cultural belief that women are unable to make smart choices at work.” So, Therese set out to pick apart the stereotypes to see what scientific research had found. “Scientific research shows that men and women struggle with decision-making equally. The only disadvantage I found was that during the teenage years — teenage girls are more indecisive than teenage boys. Otherwise, there’s little difference between the genders.” However, there are some differences. “Women are more collaborative,” says Therese. “A female boss is more likely to ask the opinions of those around her when making a choice. Women ask for input, which helps make better decisions. However, this is often seen as a weakness rather than a strength.” Therese also found that during times of stress, men and women make different choices, and the outcomes are often better when women are involved. Study after study backs this view up. Neuroscientists Mara Mather and Nicole Lighthall from the University of Southern California studied the way men and women make decisions and found that in times of stress, they react very differently. During their study, which involved playing a virtual gambling game, they found that when the females became stressed, they made smart decisions — quitting while they were ahead or taking safe bets. But when the men became stressed, they did the opposite, risking everything for a slim chance of a big win. 21．Therese Huston wrote the book How women Decide because she finds that ____________. A．Women are less respected as decision makers. B．Women are not equally treated in workplaces. C．Women are unable to make smart choices. D．Women are poor at making big decisions. 22．According to Therese Huston, what is women’s weakness in decision-making? A．Men can make quicker decisions than women. B．Women easily get stressed when making decisions. C．Women are likely to ask for input when making decisions. D．Teenage girls are less able to make decisions than teenage boys. 23．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Women show less confidence in times of stress. B．Men tend to make risky decisions in times of stress. C．Men demonstrate great bravery in times of stress. D．Women quit making decisions when ahead in games. 24．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Women are brilliant as decision makers. B．Men are weaker in making smart decisions. C．We should give up all cultural beliefs about gender. D．Great difference exists between the two genders in decision-making. 07 【来源】上海市上海中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题 In spite of “endless talk of difference”, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This includes the uniformity in clothing and communication, as well as the casualness and lack of respect seen in popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered a wide range of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of fancy shops catering to the upper-class, these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background.” This turned shopping into a public and democratic (民主的) act. The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly adapting to this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at remarkable levels nor resistant to assimilation (融合). In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indicators of assimilation — language, home ownership and intermarriage. The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual (双语的) and good at English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence, America is described as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians. Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States are not influenced by the nation’s assimilative power.” Are there divisive issues and anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s troubled past, today’s social Indicators hardly suggest a dark and worsening social environment. 25．The underlined phrase in paragraph 1 probably means ________. A．making people adapt to American consumption culture B．encouraging people to embrace a democratic lifestyle C．encouraging people to stick to their own ideas and principles D．making people behave more similarly in many aspects 26．According to the passage, what can be inferred about the immigrants now in the U.S.? A．Their adaptation to the common culture is quick but harmful to the society. B．The scale of immigration is not big and the immigrants welcome American culture. C．Their children are good at both English and their original language. D．Hispanic and Asian-American women both prefer to marry native-born Americans. 27．The author mentions Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks in paragraph 4 to ________. A．provide examples of successful immigrants B．suggest the weakness of America’s assimilative power C．show the powerful influence of American culture D．prove their popularity at home and abroad 28．What is the author’s general attitude towards the cultural assimilation in American society? A．Optimistic. B．Concerned. C．Neutral. D．Negative. 08 【来源】上海市上海市嘉定区2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题 People around the world take celebrating seriously, and many of them are willing to go to great effort and expense to plan and participate in public celebrations. Exactly when and where human beings began coming together in public to celebrate as a group can date back to hunter-gatherer societies, when success in the never-ending search for food, clothing, and shelter must have aroused the need to celebrate together. Besides the need for food and survival, there are records of religious parades dating back to 3000 B．C． Parades were also used to demonstrate military power and celebrate military victories; to attract customers to events such as the circus by giving the public a sample of the entertainment; or to celebrate ethnic (民族的) connection and holidays. The New York Times of October 28, 1917, summed it up by saying, “If you take the parades out of history, you have precious little history left.” Of course, many modern celebrations are not connected to any religion. In the Internet era, electronic communication makes it possible to organize celebrations almost instantly. “Flash mobs” are a new way of gathering and celebrating. Secretly planned online, they bring together tens, hundreds, or thousands of individuals to perform some unusual or funny act in a public place. Flash mobs not only reflect the increased speed of communication but also a lighter attitude to celebration. No longer is public celebrating something necessarily linked to human survival, religion, or deep traditions. This does not mean, however, that modern celebrations are not socially conscious. One striking image inspiring community spirit is Edwards’ photograph of crowds in Australia, who were gathering in the rain for a music festival to raise funds for wildfire relief. Throughout history, across countries and cultures, celebrations are always worth significant amount of time and money spent planning, preparing, organizing, and carrying out an event. The priority given to celebrating seems to put it alongside food, shelter, love, and freedom as a basic need of humanity. 29．According to the passage, which one of the following events can make celebrations happen? A．A business has made a huge profit. B．It has been sunny for a week. C．Farmers harvest in the autumn. D．A new museum opens in the city center. 30．What does the underlined sentence (paragraph 3) imply? A．If there is no parade, human history will be more precious. B．Students should be taught the importance of parades in history class. C．Only parades can be recorded in history books. D．Many significant historic moments featured a parade. 31．Which of the following best describes a flash mob? A．Four strangers meet at a concert and then decide to perform together in a public square. B．Someone announces openly a series of performances to take place at school. C．An online group plans and performs a dance in a crowded train station. D．The number of people watching a street performer grows to several hundred. 32．Which of these is the best title for the passage? A．Why We Celebrate? B．Celebration and Social Responsibility C．Planning a Parade D．The Origin of Celebration 09 【来源】上海市徐汇区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末质量调研英语试题 For many years, ships that wanted to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific or from the Pacific to the Atlantic had to sail around South America. The trip took weeks and was very dangerous. To make the route shorter and safter, it was decided to build a canal (运河). Panama was chosen because it is the narrowest country in the Americas. The French started building the canal as early as 1880, but their attempt failed after 21,900 people died of diseases and accidents. The Americans finally completed the project, and the Panama Canal opened in 1914. When the Panama Canal opened in 1914, ships were able to make the trip between oceans in approximately 10 hours. The locks in the canal have been called one of the seven wonders of the modern world. The 48-mile-long Panama Canal was dug through the country of Panama. To pass between oceans, ships must actually go up. In fact, to travel through the canal, ships are raised 85 feet above sea level and then lowered again. A ship enters the canal and sails to the first series of locks. Each lock is a huge compartment(分隔的空间) made of concrete walls and metal doors at each end. When one set of doors opens, the ship enters the lock. The doors close, and water flows into the lock, raising the ship until the water level equals the level in the next lock. At that time, the doors open to allow the ship to move into the next lock. When the doors close, the same process continues to raise the ship again. On either end of the canal, three sets of locks raise and lower ships. After the third lock, the ship enters Gatun Lake, sails about 23 miles, and begins its descent through the series of locks. To lower the ship, the locks work in reverse, allowing water to flow out of the lock until the water level is the same as the next lock. In this way, the ship reaches sea level and moves out into the ocean. Over one million ships have passed through the Panama Canal since it opened. It has proven to be very important to world trade. In 2016, the canal was expanded to allow wider ships to pass through it, proving it will be a vital part of the world for many years to come. 33．Which of the following is the correct order of the events? ① The ship enters a lock. ② Water flows into the lock to raise the water level. ③ The doors close. ④ The doors open and the ship move out. A．④③②① B．③①②④ C．①③②④ D．③②④① 34．We can infer from the article that the Panama Canal ______. A．is the narrowest canal in the world B．was easy to construct C．is an important link in global shipping D．will be closed in the near future 35．Which word in paragraph 4 probably means “a journey downward”? A．reverse B．series C．process D．descent 36．According to the passage, the Panama Canal was built ______. A．to shorten the trip between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans B．to raise and lower the water level in the locks C．so that ships could travel to Panama from other countries D．so that people could enjoy the beautiful view of Gatun Lake 10 【来源】上海市徐汇区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末质量调研英语试题 You may have seen white-faced capuchin monkeys (卷尾猴) before, whether at a zoo or in a popular movie. These medium-sized monkeys are found in Central America and northern South America. They have a mostly black-haired body and white hair on their face and shoulders. The cap of black fur on their head resembles the hoods(兜帽) that Capuchin monks in Italy wore, and that’s where the name came from. Another fascinating feature of these monkeys is their long tail, which acts like a third hand. Capuchin monkeys use their tail to hang on to tree branches to support their body weight while looking for food. While they eat fruit and nuts, they also enjoy insects, frogs, and lizards. Since they spread various fruit seeds through their feces(粪便) and eat insects that are harmful to trees, they contribute a lot to the preservations of forests. Capuchin monkeys are very social and live in groups of 20 members or so. A group of capuchins is known as a troop or a barrel. Troops are mainly made up of females, who remain in the same troop their whole lives, while males change troops about every four years. Communication and social activities play a significant role among monkeys in a troop because they help form social bonds. A curious example is “hand sniffing,” where the monkeys stick their fingers in front of each other’s nose. Outside the forests, capuchin monkeys are not only used by humans for their acting abilities. These intelligent animals have small fingers and are gifted with fine motor skills. They can be trained to do many tasks that humans with disabilities cannot do, like turning the pages of a book or picking up dropped objects. Therefore, the white-faced capuchin can be important assistants and companions for some disabled people. 37．How did white-faced capuchin monkeys get their name? A．They appeared in popular films with Capuchin monks. B．Their fur crowns look like the hoods of Capuchin monks. C．They are found in regions where Capuchin monks live. D．They used to be kept by Capuchin monks as pets. 38．According to the passage, what contribution do white-faced capuchins make to forests? A．They help keep the trees healthy. B．They make forest soil more fertile. C．They reduce the risk of forest fires. D．They eat plants that damage forests. 39．Which of the following aspect is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．Diet. B．Behavior. C．Threats. D．Appearance. 40．Why are white-faced capuchin monkeys used as human helpers? A．They are very friendly and loyal to humans. B．They are strong enough to carry heavy things. C．They are smart and can perform different tasks. D．They are good at making faces and acting. 11 【来源】上海市长宁区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 People’s creativity knows no bounds. There is always something new being developed that promises to improve people’s quality of life. These two inventions promise to do just that. Riding a bicycle is an enjoyable activity. Most people wear a helmet to protect their heads as accidents do happen and can be deadly. Helmets protect to a degree, but now a Swedish company has something even better. Meet Hövding 3, an airbag for cyclists that blows up to protect the head in an accident. A scientific study shows that it protects the head much better than a traditional bike helmet. The Hövding 3 airbag is worn around the neck like a collar. If the cyclist is in an accident, the airbag fills with air in 0.1 seconds. The Hövding 3 is easy to use. Just charge it up, zip it around your neck and activate it. It can also be linked to your smartphone. Then if you have an accident, the Hövding app will notify your selected contacts. At €349 (about USS380) the device isn’t cheap, but if it saves your life, it’s worth it. Have you ever heard of electronic skin, also known as e-skin? Just as your skin can feel things, electronic skin can “feel,” too. Made of special materials that are stretchy, e-skin can twist and stretch without breaking. It can also detect changes in temperature, pressure and wetness wherever it is used. E-skin is being combined with wearable health monitors, making them last longer and more comfortable for the wearer. E-skin can be put on robots that need to “feel” their environment and help them interact with the world around them. This is exactly how humans use their sense of touch to feel and respond to different stimuli (刺激物). For example, e-skin can be used to make prosthetic limbs (义肢) feel pressure and temperature changes. This would allow the person to have a better sense of touch, feel and control of the limb. Scientists and engineers are still working on improving the technology behind e-skin. They want to make it even more sensitive and responsive. 41．The expression “knows no bounds” in the first paragraph most probably means “________” A．shows no changes B．has no limits C．promises no drawbacks D．gets no bad results 42．Unlike a traditional helmet, the Hövding 3 ________. A．is very much complicated to use B．is a life-saving but low-cost device C．can inform the contacts of the injured D．can injure the wearers with its airbag 43．Which of the following statements about electronic skin is true? A．It has been mass-produced recently. B．It lacks flexibility and is easily worn out. C．It loses its sense of temperature in the sea. D．It is highly similar to human skin in function. 44．It can be concluded from the passage that ________. A．new inventions are changing our lives B．the two technologies are already quite perfect C．the future of modern technologies is uncertain D．robots play a key role in scientific experiments 12 【来源】上海市闵行区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末质量调研英语试卷 Once you get past the fact that it has no skin, the new robot from Disney Research is an impressive success in robotics. The new robot can imitate human facial movements, specifically blinking (眨眼睛) and slight head movements. A sensor in its chest area alerts the robot when to turn and face a person in front of it, and its eye movements shift from direct eye contact to rapid eye movements. It also moves slightly up and down to imitate breathing. While most such robots generally focus their eyes on a human face and stay there, that’s not how people interact with each other. The Disney Research team explained: Gaze (注视) has been shown to be a key social signal, shaping perceptions of interaction partners. For example, people who make more eye contact with us are perceived to be similar to us, as well as more intelligent, sincere, and trustworthy. Furthermore, gaze appears to convey complex social and emotional states. Given the importance of gaze in social interactions as well as its ability to communicate states and shape points of view, it is obvious that gaze can function as a significant tool for an interactive robot character. Thus, the aim of the team’s work is to develop a system to imitate a human-like mutual gaze. It’s not hard to imagine how Disney might use this technology for animatronic (电子动画的) characters at its theme parks. The company’s research team has been working on making more lifelike robots for some time; in 2018 it showed its Stickman robot that could do backflips (后空翻) in mid-air to almost the height of a human performer with arms raised over his or her head. They’ll just need to add something that looks like skin over the eye-tracking robot’s head. In this way, it will look more like a human. 45．What is the main feature of Disney’s new robot? A．It has advanced sensors all over its body. B．Its appearance is similar to a human being. C．It can make some facial movements like humans. D．Its movement is controlled by human facial movement. 46．Why does the research team intend to develop a system with a human-like gaze? A．It is expected to sell well. B．The gaze is a popular concept. C．This function can be designed easily. D．The gaze is important in social communication. 47．The example of the Stickman robot is used in paragraph 4 in order to . A．represent one of the human-like robots made by Disney B．prove Disney has been a pioneer in robot production C．show it has been the most high-level robot until now D．indicate animatronic characters are losing charm today 48．According to the passage, what will Disney Research most probably do next? A．Record the gaze of the new robot. B．Increase the sales of the new robot. C．Improve the skills of its Stickman robot. D．Explore new applications of its technology. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高一上学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题08 说明文+议论文精选12篇 （解析版） 01 【来源】上海市虹口区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 A short period of sleep taken during the day is known as a nap. Naps don’t just have benefits for adults at work, though. They could also help pupils to make the most of their school day. Studies have shown that a 20 to 30-minute “beauty sleep” makes people more alert and focused. This improves people’s ability to remember new information, which would help school children concentrate during lessons. Experts say that napping also improves brain functions, such as memory and the ability to complete difficult tasks. The school day starts early, which means that pupils don’t always get enough sleep because there’s no chance to have a lie-in. Adding naptime during the school day would help exhausted pupils to make up for any sleep they’ve lost from getting up so early. There are long-term benefits to taking a short nap, too. According to a recent study from University College London, the brains of people who have regular naps are bigger than those who don’t. People’s brains naturally shrink when they grow old, and the results showed that little sleeps can help people’s brains to age more slowly. Although a nap can seem like a good idea, going to sleep for too long can actually make you feel worse. It’s not very pleasant to wake up from a daytime nap feeling confused and sleepy. Napping during the day can also have a negative impact on how well you sleep at night. This can create a cycle of not being able to sleep as well at night, leaving you feeling even more tired in the daytime. Sleep expert Dr Clete Kushida said, “It’s generally recommended to maximize sleep at night.” Another consideration is that there really isn’t time in the school day for pupils to go to sleep. Some parents and teachers are concerned that it would cause children to miss too much lesson time. Pupils might take advantage of the system and use their need for a nap as an excuse to get out of lessons. So, what do you think? Should school allow kids to have naps, or should you wait until the evening to catch up on your sleep? 1．It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A．children need more naps than adults do B．naps improve memory, efficiency and beauty C．both children and adults are equally in need of naps D．naps can bring more benefits to children than to adults 2．According to the passage, napping for too long is not advisable because ________. A．it may affect a healthier cycle of sleep B．school kids will feel too sleepy to wake up C．it can’t make up for the sleep lost from waking up early D．it extends the school day for kids to have enough lessons 3．Which of the following statements can be learned about taking naps according to the passage? A．It’s better for babies to have as many daytime naps as possible. B．Regular naps can slow the rate at which brains shrink with age. C．There’s no need to guarantee night sleep if one has regular naps. D．Different from teachers, parents want their kids to have naptimes. 4．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Should Schools Have Naptimes? B．How Could Naptimes Benefit Kids? C．Are Kids Losing Too Much Sleep? D．Do You Get Enough Daytime Sleep? 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明，午睡可以提高人们记忆新信息的能力，这将有助于学生在课堂上集中注意力，且有长期的好处，但不建议午睡太久，因为会影响更健康的睡眠周期。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Naps don’t just have benefits for adults at work, though. They could also help pupils to make the most of their school day.(不过，午睡不仅仅对工作中的成年人有好处。它们还可以帮助学生充分利用他们的上学时间)”可推知，儿童和成人都同样需要午睡。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Although a nap can seem like a good idea, going to sleep for too long can actually make you feel worse. It’s not very pleasant to wake up from a daytime nap feeling confused and sleepy. Napping during the day can also have a negative impact on how well you sleep at night. This can create a cycle of not being able to sleep as well at night, leaving you feeling even more tired in the daytime.(虽然打个盹似乎是个好主意，但睡太久实际上会让你感觉更糟。从白天的小睡中醒来感到困惑和困倦并不是很愉快。白天打盹也会对你晚上的睡眠质量产生负面影响。这会造成一个晚上睡不着的循环，让你在白天感觉更累)”可知，午睡太久是不可取的，因为可能会影响更健康的睡眠周期。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“People’s brains naturally shrink when they grow old, and the results showed that little sleeps can help people’s brains to age more slowly.(随着年龄的增长，人的大脑会自然萎缩，研究结果表明，午睡可以帮助人们的大脑更慢地衰老)”可知，规律的午睡可以减缓大脑随着年龄增长而萎缩的速度。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“So, what do you think? Should school allow kids to have naps, or should you wait until the evening to catch up on your sleep?(那么，你觉得呢？学校应该允许孩子们午睡，还是应该等到晚上再补觉？)”结合文章主要说明了研究表明，午睡可以提高人们记忆新信息的能力，这将有助于学生在课堂上集中注意力，且有长期的好处，但不建议午睡太久，因为会影响更健康的睡眠周期。可知，A选项“学校应该有午睡时间吗？”最符合文章标题。故选A。 02 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一期末英语试卷 Buying organic (有机的) food may not always be better for the planet or for human health than cheaper options grown with artificial pesticides, according to researchers. There tend to be more birds and bees on organic farms but the benefits may be cancelled out because they produce an average of 19 to 25 perent less food per acre than conventional farms. This means that more land is needed to produce the same amount of food, and land being changed for agriculture is one of the greatest threats to wildlife, researchers at the University of British Columbia said. Organic farms tend to use less energy and produce lower emissions, but “when lower organic yields are taken into account, greenhouse gas emissions might actually be higher under organic management.” The authors of the study, published in Science Advances, said: “We don’t know whether organic agriculture provides any benefits for biodiversity if lower organic yields are taken into account.” Organic farms tend to cause less nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of water systems, but the lower yields could mean that nitrogen loss per unit of food produced is higher than on conventional farms. The authors argued that in countries such as Canada, where pesticide regulations are strict and diets are rich in micronutrients, the health benefits of choosing organic might be marginal. They said organically grown food probably contained slightly more micronutrients but it was not clear whether this provided “any actual health benefits to consumers”. The team analyzed organic crop farming across 17 criteria including yield, impact on climate change, farmer livelihood and consumer health. “Organic is often proposed as a good solution to current environmental and food scarcity problems, but we found that the costs and benefits will vary heavily depending on the context,” Verena Seufert, one of the authors, said. They concluded that organic farming is not the only solution to providing a sustainable source of food for an ever-growing global population, but does have an important role to play. “We need to stop the perception of organic and conventional agriculture as two ends of the spectrum. Instead, consumers should demand better practices for both so that we can achieve the world’s food needs in a sustainable way,” Ms. Seufert said. The study, which involved a review of the scientific literature on the environmental and economic performance of organic farms, also found that they were highly dependent on animal manure (排泄物) from conventional farms and added: “It is not clear whether we would have enough organic fertilizers to feed everyone in the world with organic food” Organic food is more expensive and “therefore less accessible to consumers with low income, they said. 5．What does the study find about organic farms? A．They are less than efficient. B．They rely on wildlife species. C．They used to produce added emission. D．They use high-quality pesticides. 6．The word “marginal” (in paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to __________. A．irregular B．unlimited C．unimportant D．irrelevant 7．What can be inferred from the passage about organic agriculture? A．Its benefits are yet to be confirmed by review of scientific literature. B．It is perceived as reaching the end of its development like conventional agriculture. C．It is regarded as the opposite of conventional agriculture. D．Its drawbacks outweigh the benefits it yields in most cases. 8．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Organic Farming: Balancing Costs and Benefits B．Organic Farming: Winner in Sustainable Agriculture C．Organic Farming: A Cost-Effective Path to a Healthier Planet D．Organic Farming: The Answer to Global Food Scarcity 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．C 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有机食品的优点以及其缺点。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“There tend to be more birds and bees on organic farms but the benefits may be cancelled out because they produce an average of 19 to 25 per cent less food per acre than conventional farms. This means that more land is needed to produce the same amount of food, and land being changed for agriculture is one of the greatest threats to wildlife, researchers at the University of British Columbia said.(有机农场往往有更多的鸟类和蜜蜂，但这些好处可能会被抵消，因为它们每英亩生产的食物平均比传统农场少19%至25%。英属哥伦比亚大学的研究人员说，这意味着需要更多的土地来生产同样数量的食物，而土地被改变为农业是对野生动物的最大威胁之一)”可知，研究发现有机农场效率不高。故选A。 6．词句猜测题。根据划线词后句“They said organically grown food probably contained slightly more micronutrients but it was not clear whether this provided “any actual health benefits to consumers”.(他们表示，有机食品可能含有更少量的微量元素，但尚不清楚这是否“对消费者的健康有任何实际好处”)”可知，选择有机食品对健康的好处可能微乎其微的。所以marginal为“微小的，不重要的”之意。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段““We need to stop the perception of organic and conventional agriculture as two ends of the spectrum. Instead, consumers should demand better practices for both so that we can achieve the world’s food needs in a sustainable way,” Ms. Seufert said.(“我们需要停止认为有机农业和传统农业是两个极端。相反，消费者应该要求两方面都采取更好的做法，这样我们才能以可持续的方式满足世界粮食需求，”苏弗特女士说)”可推断，有机农业被认为是传统农业的对立面。故选C。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Buying organic (有机的) food may not always be better for the planet or for human health than cheaper options grown with artificial pesticides, according to researchers.(研究人员称，购买有机食品可能并不总是比使用人工杀虫剂种植的廉价食品对地球或人类健康更好)”结合文章主要介绍了有机食品的优点以及其缺点。故A选项“有机农业：平衡代价和好处”最符合文章标题。故选A。 03 【来源】上海市普陀区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated. While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars, policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing (叫车) services. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. 9．What does the word “materializing” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．consuming fewer resources B．coming into being C．drawing people’s attention D．enjoying an advantage 10．Paragraph 3 mainly talks about . A．drivers’ improper use of self-driving cars B．the worsening traffic due to self-driving cars C．the possible bad effects of self-driving cars D．the widespread application of self-driving cars 11．What of the following best illustrates the author’s attitude towards self-driving cars? A．It remains to be seen whether self-driving cars will be safe enough. B．The future of self-driving cars is not as bright as producers think. C．We should make self-driving cars a better choice of transportation. D．Policy makers should stop giving self-driving cars permits. 12．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Preparing cities for self-driving cars B．Self-driving cars: shared or not? C．Shall we ban self-driving cars? D．Future self-driving cars 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．C 12．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些城市开始批准自动驾驶汽车上路，并制定一些规则。文章还列举了自动驾驶汽车的一些优点和问题。 9．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream”以及后文“Well, the future is apparently now.(好吧，未来显然就是现在)”可知，上文提到自动驾驶机器人汽车的可能性常常看起来像是未来主义者的梦想，暗示距离自动驾驶机器人汽车开始在现实中存在还有很多年时间，然而如今已经实现了。故划线词意思是“开始存在”。故选B。 10．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing (叫车) services.(我们是想用无人驾驶汽车复制——甚至更糟——今天的交通状况吗?想象一下，大多数成年人拥有个人自动驾驶汽车的未来。他们可以忍受在拥挤的高速公路上漫长而缓慢的上下班旅程，因为他们可以在路上工作、娱乐或睡觉，这鼓励了城市的传播。他们开着无人驾驶汽车去约会，让空车绕着大楼转，以避免支付停车费。他们不再走几个街区去接孩子或去干洗衣服，而是派出了自动驾驶的小巴。这种便利甚至导致乘坐公共交通工具的人更少——研究人员已经在叫车服务中发现了一个不受欢迎的副作用)”可知，第3段主要讨论了自动驾驶汽车可能产生的不良影响。故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.(政策制定者现在应该开始考虑如何确保无人驾驶汽车的出现不会扩大我们今天汽车控制的交通系统的最坏方面。即将到来的技术进步为城市和州提供了一个发展交通系统的机会，旨在运送更多的人，更实惠。未来的汽车即将到来。我们只需要做好计划)”可知，我们应该让自动驾驶汽车成为更好的交通工具。故选C。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.(今年4月，加州机动车辆管理局开始批准公司在公共道路上测试真正的自动驾驶汽车。该州还为公司出售或出租自动驾驶汽车以及公司运营无人驾驶出租车服务扫清了道路。应该指出的是，加州在这方面并没有走在前面。公司已经在全国各地的城市测试了他们的汽车。很难预测无人驾驶汽车何时会在我们的道路上随处可见。但无论需要多长时间，这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和城市，是好是坏，这取决于如何监管这种转变)”结合文章主要说明了一些城市开始批准自动驾驶汽车上路，并制定一些规则。文章还列举了自动驾驶汽车的一些优点和问题。可知，A选项“让城市为自动驾驶汽车做好准备”最符合文章标题。故选A。 04 【来源】上海市闵行区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末区统考英语试卷 Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests. Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a series of tests. For eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests. Those who bad held mentally stimulating (刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive (认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status. “This works just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work — sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy.” It’s not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating (协调),” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.” Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons — including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help. 13．Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests? A．To assess their health status. B．To evaluate their work habits. C．To analyze their personality. D．To measure their mental ability. 14．How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4? A．By using an expert’s words. B．By making a comparison. C．By referring to another study. D．By introducing a concept. 15．According to paragraph 5, it can be concluded that ______. A．unless you work for the corporate, you cannot keep your brain fit B．working as a waiter could be as mentally challenging as being an office clerk C．any job that challenges your brain is good for your brain D．running a family household without pay can’t help your brain stay healthy 16．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills B．Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs C．Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp D．Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age 【答案】13．D 14．B 15．C 16．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。《神经学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。 13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a series of tests.(德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1000多名75岁以上的退休工人，并通过一系列测试评估了志愿者的记忆力和思维能力。)”可知，科学家要求志愿者参加测试，是为了来衡量他们的心智能力。故选D项。 14．推理判断题。根据第四段““This works just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work — sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy.”(“这就像体育锻炼一样有效，”领导这项研究的Francisca Then说。“长跑后，你可能会感到疼痛，你可能会感到疲倦。但它使你健康。在漫长的一天工作之后，你当然会感到疲倦，但它可以帮助你的大脑保持健康。”)”可知，Francisca Then是把大脑做挑战性工作比作体育锻炼来解释他的研究结果的。故选B项。 15．推理判断题。根据第五段的内容“It’s not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调),” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.”(他指出，不仅仅是公司工作，甚至是有偿工作都能帮助你保持大脑健康。例如，服务员的工作需要多任务处理、团队合作和决策，可能和任何高级办公室工作一样令人兴奋。她说:“管理一个家庭需要高层次的规划和协调。”“你必须组织孩子们的活动，处理账单和杂货。”)”可以推论出，任何挑战你大脑的工作都对你的大脑有好处。故选C项。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.(周三发表在《神经学》(Neurology)杂志上的一项研究表明，需要大量分析思维、计划和其他管理技能的挑战性工作可能有助于你的大脑在年老时保持敏锐。)”和最后一段“Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons — including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.(当然，随着年龄的增长，我们的大脑会因为很多原因而衰退——包括其他环境影响或遗传因素。尽管如此，继续在精神上挑战自己，让你的大脑保持忙碌只会有所帮助。)”可知本文主要介绍的是科学家的一个研究结果：需要大量分析思维、计划和其他管理技能的挑战性工作可能有助于你的大脑在年老时保持敏锐。所以，C项“Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp(棘手的工作或许能让你保持敏锐)”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选C项。 05 【来源】上海交大附中嘉定分校2023-2024学年 高一上期末英语考试 Dear boss — You have always tried to attract young and youngish consumers, and our consultants have always come up with new ways to label them. I don’t need to remind you that “millennials” and, increasingly, “Gen Z” are our most important markets. The trouble is that coming up with rules to define a swathe of humanity is more art than science. It is liable to apply stereotypes. Luckily you have me, and I’m here to tell you that much of what is written about marketing to today’s most prized consumers is a myth. Social media has just changed the ways people discover brands from viewing television, newspapers and magazines to surfing Instagram and TikTok; it has weakened the power of marketing as a whole. Such is the ease with which digital natives can fact-check our tricky marketing claims that it is getting harder to build brand loyalty. Online, communication is cheap and prices are readily Googled. There is a similar temptation to think that physical shops no longer matter. Young consumers love their Amazon deliveries. But what works best is the seamless combination of the digital and physical worlds. Remember those online-only influencer-backed beauty brands like Glossier, which took the world by storm during the pandemic? It turns out that they struggle to get repeat business and have had to pair up with physical retailers. If we want to succeed, we need to offer the best of both physical and virtual worlds. Gen Z will consider a brand’s sustainability and social impact, but considering something isn’t surrendering to it. They are never brand-slaved. It is chiefly youngsters who buy cheap “fast-fashion” outfits to wear once and then send to landfill. Also, youngsters care less for consumer boycotts than its virtue-signaling parents, thus open to various brands. No wonder, most brands originate from youngsters with duel identities of producers and consumers. What determines the shopping mode of a generation is their mindset. In Gen Z, lies are easily exposed online, where everyone loves a takedown and hates hypocrisy. We are people just as our young customers are and people will always buy sincerity. 17．What is the article primarily warning readers against in marketing? A．The excessive use of digital advertising and ignoring traditional media. B．The use of influencers and social media platforms for product promotion. C．Focusing solely on Gen Z without considering other demographic groups. D．Relying on outdated perceptions of young consumer behaviors. 18．Why is it challenging to build brand loyalty among younger consumers in the digital age? A．Young consumers are less interested in brand loyalty. B．Digital natives can check out marketing claims. C．Young consumers prefer shopping in physical stores. D．Social media platforms are misguiding in brand establishment. 19．What is suggested about the importance of physical stores in modern retailing? A．Physical stores are becoming obsolete due to the rise of e-commerce. B．Young consumers only prefer online shopping and home deliveries. C．A combination of digital and physical retail experiences is most effective. D．Physical stores should be completely replaced by digital marketing strategies. 20．What’s the attitude of young consumers towards brands? A．They commit to social justice and boycott unethical brands. B．They consider a brand’s sustainability but are not controlled by it. C．They are indifferent to a brand’s quality and social influence. D．They only support brands that are created by their peers. 【答案】17．D 18．B 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要为老板们提供了打开年轻人市场的具体建议。 17．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Dear boss — You have always tried to attract young and youngish consumers, and our consultants have always come up with new ways to label them. (亲爱的老板：你一直在努力吸引年轻的消费者，我们的顾问也总是能想出新的方法来给他们贴上标签)”和“The trouble is that coming up with rules to define a swathe of humanity is more art than science. It is liable to apply stereotypes. Luckily you have me, and I’m here to tell you that much of what is written about marketing to today’s most prized consumers is a myth. (问题在于，制定规则来定义一部分人与其说是科学，不如说是艺术。很容易使用刻板印象。幸运的是，你有我，我在这里告诉你，很多关于今天最珍贵的消费者的营销都是无稽之谈)”可知，文章认为在定义年轻消费者时，人们很容易犯贴标签、用刻板印象的错误，很多营销都是无稽之谈。由此推知，文章主要是在警告不要在营销中依赖于对年轻消费者行为的过时看法。故选D项。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Such is the ease with which digital natives can fact-check our tricky marketing claims that it is getting harder to build brand loyalty. (数字原住民可以如此轻松地核实我们狡猾的营销宣传，以至于建立品牌忠诚度变得越来越困难)”可知，这变得有挑战性是因为数字原住民可以核实营销宣传。故选B项。 19．细节理解题。根据第三段中“There is a similar temptation to think that physical shops no longer matter. Young consumers love their Amazon deliveries. But what works best is the seamless combination of the digital and physical worlds. (还有一个类似的诱惑，人们会被认为实体店不再重要。年轻消费者喜欢亚马逊的送货服务。但效果最好的是数字世界和现实世界的无缝结合)”可知，实体店在现代零售业中依然重要，文章认为数字和实体零售体验的结合是最有效的。故选C项。 20．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Gen Z will consider a brand’s sustainability and social impact, but considering something isn’t surrendering to it. They are never brand-slaved. (Z世代会考虑一个品牌的可持续性和社会影响，但考虑某些东西并不意味着向它投降。他们从不受品牌的束缚)”可知，年轻消费者会考虑品牌的可持续性，但并不受其控制。故选B项。 06 【来源】上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 They say the average person makes 35,000 decisions a day. Yet in her new book, How Woman Decide, Therese Huston explores a widespread phenomenon that many women fail to notice. “There’s a huge double standard when it comes to how men and women are viewed as decision-makers,” explains Therese, a psychologist from Seattle University. Therese decided to write the book after looking at her bookshelf: At one end, there were bestselling books about how to be a clever decision-maker — all written by men and featuring interviews with men like athletes. At the other end were books aimed at women on gaining leadership skills and confidence. “Once those women are at the table, will their decisions be taken as seriously as men’s?” Therese wondered. “Men are respected as decision-makers more than women, especially in the workplace, largely because there’s this cultural belief that women are unable to make smart choices at work.” So, Therese set out to pick apart the stereotypes to see what scientific research had found. “Scientific research shows that men and women struggle with decision-making equally. The only disadvantage I found was that during the teenage years — teenage girls are more indecisive than teenage boys. Otherwise, there’s little difference between the genders.” However, there are some differences. “Women are more collaborative,” says Therese. “A female boss is more likely to ask the opinions of those around her when making a choice. Women ask for input, which helps make better decisions. However, this is often seen as a weakness rather than a strength.” Therese also found that during times of stress, men and women make different choices, and the outcomes are often better when women are involved. Study after study backs this view up. Neuroscientists Mara Mather and Nicole Lighthall from the University of Southern California studied the way men and women make decisions and found that in times of stress, they react very differently. During their study, which involved playing a virtual gambling game, they found that when the females became stressed, they made smart decisions — quitting while they were ahead or taking safe bets. But when the men became stressed, they did the opposite, risking everything for a slim chance of a big win. 21．Therese Huston wrote the book How women Decide because she finds that ____________. A．Women are less respected as decision makers. B．Women are not equally treated in workplaces. C．Women are unable to make smart choices. D．Women are poor at making big decisions. 22．According to Therese Huston, what is women’s weakness in decision-making? A．Men can make quicker decisions than women. B．Women easily get stressed when making decisions. C．Women are likely to ask for input when making decisions. D．Teenage girls are less able to make decisions than teenage boys. 23．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Women show less confidence in times of stress. B．Men tend to make risky decisions in times of stress. C．Men demonstrate great bravery in times of stress. D．Women quit making decisions when ahead in games. 24．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Women are brilliant as decision makers. B．Men are weaker in making smart decisions. C．We should give up all cultural beliefs about gender. D．Great difference exists between the two genders in decision-making. 【答案】21．A 22．D 23．B 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Therese Huston的新书《女性怎样决定》中对两性的决策能力的相关研究。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段中Therese Huston的话“Men are respected as decision-makers more than women, especially in the workplace, largely because there’s this cultural belief that women are unable to make smart choices at work.”(作为决策者，男性比女性更受尊重，尤其是在工作场所，很大程度上是因为有一种文化观念认为女性无法在工作中做出明智的选择。)和第三段“So, Therese set out to pick apart the stereotypes to see what scientific research had found.”(因此，Therese开始对这些刻板印象进行分析，看看科学研究有什么发现。)可知，Therese Huston写这本书是因为她发现女性作为决策者受到的尊重较少。故选A。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段中Therese Huston的话“The only disadvantage I found was that during the teenage years — teenage girls are more indecisive than teenage boys. Otherwise, there’s little difference between the genders.”(我发现唯一的缺点是，在青少年时期，女孩比男孩更优柔寡断。除此之外，性别之间的差异很小。)可知，Therese Huston认为女性在决策方面的弱点是十几岁的女孩做决定的能力不如十几岁的男孩。故选D。 23．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But when the men became stressed, they did the opposite, risking everything for a slim chance of a big win.”(但当男性感到压力大时，他们就会反其道而行，冒着一切风险去争取一个微小的大赢机会。)可知，男性在压力下往往会做出冒险的决定。故选B。 24．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第二段中“Men are respected as decision-makers more than women, especially in the workplace, largely because there’s this cultural belief that women are unable to make smart choices at work.”(作为决策者，男性比女性更受尊重，尤其是在工作场所，很大程度上是因为有一种文化观念认为女性无法在工作中做出明智的选择。)提出女性无法在工作中做出明智的选择这一普遍观点，但在第三段中“Scientific research shows that men and women struggle with decision-making equally. The only disadvantage I found was that during the teenage years — teenage girls are more indecisive than teenage boys. Otherwise, there’s little difference between the genders.”(科学研究表明，男性和女性在决策方面面对的困难是一样的。我发现唯一的缺点是，在青少年时期，女孩比男孩更优柔寡断。除此之外，在决策中性别之间的差异很小。)、第五段中“Therese also found that during times of stress, men and women make different choices, and the outcomes are often better when women are involved.”(Therese还发现，在面临压力时，男性和女性会做出不同的选择，而有女性参与的结果往往更好。)和最后一段中“During their study, which involved playing a virtual gambling game, they found that when the females became stressed, they made smart decisions — quitting while they were ahead or taking safe bets. But when the men became stressed, they did the opposite, risking everything for a slim chance of a big win.”(在他们的研究中，他们玩了一个虚拟的赌博游戏，他们发现，当女性感到压力时，它们会做出明智的决定——在领先的时候退出，或者选择安全的赌注。但当男性感到压力大时，他们就会反其道而行，冒着一切风险去争取一个微小的大赢机会。)驳斥了这一观点，用实验证明女性也可以做出明智的选择，也是杰出的决策者，这也是本文要表达的主要意思。故选A。 07 【来源】上海市上海中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题 In spite of “endless talk of difference”, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This includes the uniformity in clothing and communication, as well as the casualness and lack of respect seen in popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered a wide range of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of fancy shops catering to the upper-class, these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background.” This turned shopping into a public and democratic (民主的) act. The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly adapting to this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at remarkable levels nor resistant to assimilation (融合). In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indicators of assimilation — language, home ownership and intermarriage. The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual (双语的) and good at English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence, America is described as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians. Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States are not influenced by the nation’s assimilative power.” Are there divisive issues and anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s troubled past, today’s social Indicators hardly suggest a dark and worsening social environment. 25．The underlined phrase in paragraph 1 probably means ________. A．making people adapt to American consumption culture B．encouraging people to embrace a democratic lifestyle C．encouraging people to stick to their own ideas and principles D．making people behave more similarly in many aspects 26．According to the passage, what can be inferred about the immigrants now in the U.S.? A．Their adaptation to the common culture is quick but harmful to the society. B．The scale of immigration is not big and the immigrants welcome American culture. C．Their children are good at both English and their original language. D．Hispanic and Asian-American women both prefer to marry native-born Americans. 27．The author mentions Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks in paragraph 4 to ________. A．provide examples of successful immigrants B．suggest the weakness of America’s assimilative power C．show the powerful influence of American culture D．prove their popularity at home and abroad 28．What is the author’s general attitude towards the cultural assimilation in American society? A．Optimistic. B．Concerned. C．Neutral. D．Negative. 【答案】25．D 26．B 27．C 28．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国对美国移民的文化同化问题。 25．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“In spite of “endless talk of difference”(尽管“没完没了地谈论差异”)”说明尽管人们对于美国社会的差异性有没完没了的争议，与后文形成转折关系，从而推知划线词句“American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people(美国社会是一台神奇的homogenizing people的机器)”其中划线短语应为“同质人们，使人们同质化”的意思，与D项“使人们在许多方面表现得更加相似”同义。故选D项。 26．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Immigrants are quickly adapting to this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at remarkable levels nor resistant to assimilation (融合). In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000.(移民们正在很快迅速适应这种共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们。Gregory Rodriguez为《国家移民论坛》撰写文章，他在报道中指出，如今移民既没有创新高，也不抵制同化，1998年移民占美国人口总数的9.8%，而1990年移民人口所占比例是13.6%。1990年之前的10年里，每1000名居民中就有3.1名移民抵达；在1890年之前的10年中，每1000人中有9.2人)”和第三段中“The 1990 Census revealed  that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common  countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years  of residence.”(1990年的人口普查显示，“来自15个最常见的原籍国的大多数移民在居住10年后都能说‘好’或‘非常好’的英语。”)”可推知，现在在美国的移民，移民规模不大，并且移民欢迎美国文化。故选B项。 27．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States are not influenced by the nation’s assimilative power.”(罗德里格斯指出，世界各地偏远村庄的孩子都是阿诺德·施瓦辛格和加思·布鲁克斯等巨星的粉丝，但“一些美国人担心生活在美国的移民不会受到美国同化能力的影响。”)”可推知，作者在第4段提到阿诺德·施瓦辛格和加思·布鲁克斯是为了表明美国文化的巨大影响力。故选C项。 28．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Are there divisive issues and anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s troubled past, today’s social Indicators hardly suggest a dark and worsening social environment.(美国是否存在分裂问题和愤怒？没错这个国家足够大，就会什么东西都会有点儿。但特别是当与美国动荡的过去相比时，今天的社会指标不能表明社会环境是黑暗和恶化的)”可推知，作者对美国社会文化同化的总体态度是乐观的。故选A项。 08 【来源】上海市上海市嘉定区2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题 People around the world take celebrating seriously, and many of them are willing to go to great effort and expense to plan and participate in public celebrations. Exactly when and where human beings began coming together in public to celebrate as a group can date back to hunter-gatherer societies, when success in the never-ending search for food, clothing, and shelter must have aroused the need to celebrate together. Besides the need for food and survival, there are records of religious parades dating back to 3000 B．C． Parades were also used to demonstrate military power and celebrate military victories; to attract customers to events such as the circus by giving the public a sample of the entertainment; or to celebrate ethnic (民族的) connection and holidays. The New York Times of October 28, 1917, summed it up by saying, “If you take the parades out of history, you have precious little history left.” Of course, many modern celebrations are not connected to any religion. In the Internet era, electronic communication makes it possible to organize celebrations almost instantly. “Flash mobs” are a new way of gathering and celebrating. Secretly planned online, they bring together tens, hundreds, or thousands of individuals to perform some unusual or funny act in a public place. Flash mobs not only reflect the increased speed of communication but also a lighter attitude to celebration. No longer is public celebrating something necessarily linked to human survival, religion, or deep traditions. This does not mean, however, that modern celebrations are not socially conscious. One striking image inspiring community spirit is Edwards’ photograph of crowds in Australia, who were gathering in the rain for a music festival to raise funds for wildfire relief. Throughout history, across countries and cultures, celebrations are always worth significant amount of time and money spent planning, preparing, organizing, and carrying out an event. The priority given to celebrating seems to put it alongside food, shelter, love, and freedom as a basic need of humanity. 29．According to the passage, which one of the following events can make celebrations happen? A．A business has made a huge profit. B．It has been sunny for a week. C．Farmers harvest in the autumn. D．A new museum opens in the city center. 30．What does the underlined sentence (paragraph 3) imply? A．If there is no parade, human history will be more precious. B．Students should be taught the importance of parades in history class. C．Only parades can be recorded in history books. D．Many significant historic moments featured a parade. 31．Which of the following best describes a flash mob? A．Four strangers meet at a concert and then decide to perform together in a public square. B．Someone announces openly a series of performances to take place at school. C．An online group plans and performs a dance in a crowded train station. D．The number of people watching a street performer grows to several hundred. 32．Which of these is the best title for the passage? A．Why We Celebrate? B．Celebration and Social Responsibility C．Planning a Parade D．The Origin of Celebration 【答案】29．C 30．D 31．C 32．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了古代和现在人们举行庆祝活动的原因以及一些庆祝活动方式。 29．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Exactly when and where human beings began coming together in public to celebrate as a group can date back to hunter-gatherer societies, when success in the never-ending search for food, clothing, and shelter must have aroused the need to celebrate together. (确切地说，人类作为一个群体在何时何地开始在公共场合聚在一起庆祝，这可以追溯到狩猎采集社会，当时在永无止境地寻找食物、衣服和住所方面的成功一定引起了共同庆祝的需要。)”可知，人类作为一个全体开始在公共场合聚集在一起庆祝可以追溯到狩猎采集社会，成功找到食物、住所时人们就会聚在一起庆祝；由此推知，当农民在秋天收获时就会举行庆祝活动。故选C。 30．推理判断题。根据第三段中划线句上文“Besides the need for food and survival, there are records of religious parades dating back to 3000 B.C. Parades were also used to demonstrate military power and celebrate military victories; to attract customers to events such as the circus by giving the public a sample of the entertainment; or to celebrate ethnic (民族的) connection and holidays. (除了食物和生存的需要，还有可以追溯到公元前3000年的宗教游行记录。游行也被用来展示军事力量和庆祝军事胜利；为吸引顾客参加马戏表演等活动向公众提供娱乐体验；或者庆祝民族联系和节日。)”可知，游行有着非常悠久的历史，公元前3000年就有宗教游行的记录，且许多场合都会有游行活动，它涉及到各个方面，如军事、娱乐、庆祝民族联系和节日等；由此可知，游行有着非常悠久的历史，许多重要的历史时刻都会有游行活动。由划线词所在句“The New York Times of October 28, 1917, summed it up by saying, “If you take the parades out of history, you have precious little history left.”(1917年10月28日的《纽约时报》总结道：‘If you take the parades out of history, you have precious little history left.’)”通过引用1917年10月28日《纽约时报》中的一句话“如果你把游行从历史中剔除，那么你的历史就所剩无几了。”进一步说明在人类历史中重要的时刻都会有游行活动。故选D。 31．细节理解题。根据第四段中““Flash mobs” are a new way of gathering and celebrating. Secretly planned online, they bring together tens, hundreds, or thousands of individuals to perform some unusual or funny act in a public place. (‘快闪族’是一种新的聚会和庆祝方式。他们在网上秘密策划，将数十人、数百人或数千人聚集在一起，在公共场所表演一些不寻常或有趣的行为。)”可知，“快闪族”是一个在网上进行策划，在约定好的公共场所聚集并表演一些不寻常或有趣的行为的网络群体；C选项“An online group plans and performs a dance in a crowded train station.(一个网络团体策划并在拥挤的火车站表演了一场舞蹈。)”最能描述“快闪族”。故选C。 32．主旨大意题。文章第一段“People around the world take celebrating seriously, and many of them are willing to go to great effort and expense to plan and participate in public celebrations.(世界各地的人们都很重视庆祝活动，他们中的许多人都愿意付出巨大的努力和费用来计划和参与公共庆祝活动。)”指出世界各地的人们都很重视庆祝活动，愿意付出巨大的努力和费用来计划和参与公共庆祝活动；结合第三段中“Besides the need for food and survival, there are records of religious parades dating back to 3000 B.C. Parades were also used to demonstrate military power and celebrate military victories; to attract customers to events such as the circus by giving the public a sample of the entertainment; or to celebrate ethnic (民族的) connection and holidays. (除了食物和生存的需要，还有可以追溯到公元前3000年的宗教游行记录。游行也被用来展示军事力量和庆祝军事胜利；为吸引顾客参加马戏表演等活动向公众提供娱乐体验；或者庆祝民族联系和节日。)”以及第五段中“This does not mean, however, that modern celebrations are not socially conscious. One striking image inspiring community spirit is Edwards’ photograph of crowds in Australia, who were gathering in the rain for a music festival to raise funds for wildfire relief.(然而，这并不意味着现代庆祝活动没有社会意识。爱德华兹拍摄的澳大利亚人群在雨中聚集在一起，参加一个音乐节，为野火救援筹集资金，这是一张激发社区精神的引人注目的照片。)”可知，本文主要阐述了在古代和现在人们都会付出巨大的努力和费用来举行庆祝活动的原因；A选项“Why We Celebrate(我们为什么要庆祝)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A。 09 【来源】上海市徐汇区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末质量调研英语试题 For many years, ships that wanted to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific or from the Pacific to the Atlantic had to sail around South America. The trip took weeks and was very dangerous. To make the route shorter and safter, it was decided to build a canal (运河). Panama was chosen because it is the narrowest country in the Americas. The French started building the canal as early as 1880, but their attempt failed after 21,900 people died of diseases and accidents. The Americans finally completed the project, and the Panama Canal opened in 1914. When the Panama Canal opened in 1914, ships were able to make the trip between oceans in approximately 10 hours. The locks in the canal have been called one of the seven wonders of the modern world. The 48-mile-long Panama Canal was dug through the country of Panama. To pass between oceans, ships must actually go up. In fact, to travel through the canal, ships are raised 85 feet above sea level and then lowered again. A ship enters the canal and sails to the first series of locks. Each lock is a huge compartment(分隔的空间) made of concrete walls and metal doors at each end. When one set of doors opens, the ship enters the lock. The doors close, and water flows into the lock, raising the ship until the water level equals the level in the next lock. At that time, the doors open to allow the ship to move into the next lock. When the doors close, the same process continues to raise the ship again. On either end of the canal, three sets of locks raise and lower ships. After the third lock, the ship enters Gatun Lake, sails about 23 miles, and begins its descent through the series of locks. To lower the ship, the locks work in reverse, allowing water to flow out of the lock until the water level is the same as the next lock. In this way, the ship reaches sea level and moves out into the ocean. Over one million ships have passed through the Panama Canal since it opened. It has proven to be very important to world trade. In 2016, the canal was expanded to allow wider ships to pass through it, proving it will be a vital part of the world for many years to come. 33．Which of the following is the correct order of the events? ① The ship enters a lock. ② Water flows into the lock to raise the water level. ③ The doors close. ④ The doors open and the ship move out. A．④③②① B．③①②④ C．①③②④ D．③②④① 34．We can infer from the article that the Panama Canal ______. A．is the narrowest canal in the world B．was easy to construct C．is an important link in global shipping D．will be closed in the near future 35．Which word in paragraph 4 probably means “a journey downward”? A．reverse B．series C．process D．descent 36．According to the passage, the Panama Canal was built ______. A．to shorten the trip between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans B．to raise and lower the water level in the locks C．so that ships could travel to Panama from other countries D．so that people could enjoy the beautiful view of Gatun Lake 【答案】33．C 34．C 35．D 36．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了修建巴拿马运河的原因，船只怎样通过巴拿马运河以及巴拿马运河的重要性。 33．细节理解题。根据第四段“A ship enters the canal and sails to the first series of locks. Each lock is a huge compartment(分隔的空间) made of concrete walls and metal doors at each end. When one set of doors opens, the ship enters the lock. The doors close, and water flows into the lock, raising the ship until the water level equals the level in the next lock. At that time, the doors open to allow the ship to move into the next lock. (一艘船进入运河，驶向第一组船闸。每个船闸都是一个巨大的隔间，由混凝土墙和两端的金属门组成。当一扇门打开时，船就进入了船闸。门关上了，水流入船闸，使船升高，直到水位与下一个船闸的水位相等。这时，船门打开，允许船只进入下一个船闸。)”可知应是船先进入船闸，然后门关上，水流入船闸，使船升高，最后门打开，船开走，故选C。 34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Over one million ships have passed through the Panama Canal since it opened. It has proven to be very important to world trade. In 2016, the canal was expanded to allow wider ships to pass through it, proving it will be a vital part of the world for many years to come. (自巴拿马运河开通以来，已有100多万艘船只通过。事实证明，它对世界贸易非常重要。2016年，运河进行了扩建，允许更宽的船只通过，这证明了它在未来许多年里仍将是世界的重要组成部分。)”可推断巴拿马运河是全球航运的重要环节，故选C。 35．词句猜测题。根据题干中的“a journey downward (向下的旅程)”，可知应该在原文中找到向下，下降的单词。再结合第四段最后两句“After the third lock, the ship enters Gatun Lake, sails about 23 miles, and begins its descent through the series of locks. To lower the ship, the locks work in reverse, allowing water to flow out of the lock until the water level is the same as the next lock. In this way, the ship reaches sea level and moves out into the ocean. (经过第三个水闸后，船进入加通湖，航行约23英里，并开始通过一系列水闸下降。为了降低船身，船闸会反向工作，让水从船闸流出，直到水位与下一个船闸相同。通过这种方式，船到达海平面并驶进海洋。)”可知水闸下降来降低船身向下运行，所以decent和“a journey downward”同义，故选D。 36．细节理解题。根据第一段“For many years, ships that wanted to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific or from the Pacific to the Atlantic had to sail around South America. The trip took weeks and was very dangerous. (多年来，想要从大西洋到太平洋或从太平洋到大西洋的船只必须绕过南美洲。这次旅行花了几个星期，而且非常危险。)”和第二段“To make the route shorter and safter, it was decided to build a canal (运河). (为了使这条路线更短、更安全，人们决定修建一条运河。)”可知巴拿马运河的建造缩短了大西洋和太平洋之间的航程。故选A。 10 【来源】上海市徐汇区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末质量调研英语试题 You may have seen white-faced capuchin monkeys (卷尾猴) before, whether at a zoo or in a popular movie. These medium-sized monkeys are found in Central America and northern South America. They have a mostly black-haired body and white hair on their face and shoulders. The cap of black fur on their head resembles the hoods(兜帽) that Capuchin monks in Italy wore, and that’s where the name came from. Another fascinating feature of these monkeys is their long tail, which acts like a third hand. Capuchin monkeys use their tail to hang on to tree branches to support their body weight while looking for food. While they eat fruit and nuts, they also enjoy insects, frogs, and lizards. Since they spread various fruit seeds through their feces(粪便) and eat insects that are harmful to trees, they contribute a lot to the preservations of forests. Capuchin monkeys are very social and live in groups of 20 members or so. A group of capuchins is known as a troop or a barrel. Troops are mainly made up of females, who remain in the same troop their whole lives, while males change troops about every four years. Communication and social activities play a significant role among monkeys in a troop because they help form social bonds. A curious example is “hand sniffing,” where the monkeys stick their fingers in front of each other’s nose. Outside the forests, capuchin monkeys are not only used by humans for their acting abilities. These intelligent animals have small fingers and are gifted with fine motor skills. They can be trained to do many tasks that humans with disabilities cannot do, like turning the pages of a book or picking up dropped objects. Therefore, the white-faced capuchin can be important assistants and companions for some disabled people. 37．How did white-faced capuchin monkeys get their name? A．They appeared in popular films with Capuchin monks. B．Their fur crowns look like the hoods of Capuchin monks. C．They are found in regions where Capuchin monks live. D．They used to be kept by Capuchin monks as pets. 38．According to the passage, what contribution do white-faced capuchins make to forests? A．They help keep the trees healthy. B．They make forest soil more fertile. C．They reduce the risk of forest fires. D．They eat plants that damage forests. 39．Which of the following aspect is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．Diet. B．Behavior. C．Threats. D．Appearance. 40．Why are white-faced capuchin monkeys used as human helpers? A．They are very friendly and loyal to humans. B．They are strong enough to carry heavy things. C．They are smart and can perform different tasks. D．They are good at making faces and acting. 【答案】37．B 38．A 39．C 40．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了白脸卷尾猴这种动物的特征、习性等情况。 37．细节理解题。根据第一段“The cap of black fur on their head resembles the hoods(兜帽) that Capuchin monks in Italy wore, and that’s where the name came from.(他们头上的黑色毛皮帽类似于意大利卷尾猴僧侣戴的兜帽，这就是这个名字的由来)”可知，白脸卷尾猴的名字由来是因为它们的毛皮王冠看起来像卷尾猴僧侣的兜帽。故选B。 38．细节理解题。根据第二段“Since they spread various fruit seeds through their feces(粪便) and eat insects that are harmful to trees, they contribute a lot to the preservations of forests.(由于它们通过粪便传播各种水果种子，并吃对树木有害的昆虫，它们对保护森林做出了很大贡献)”可知，白面卷尾猴对森林的贡献是帮助保持树木健康。故选A。 39．细节理解题。根据第一段“They have a mostly black-haired body and white hair on their face and shoulders.(他们的身体大多是黑色的毛发，脸上和肩膀上有白色的毛发)”提到了外貌；第二段“While they eat fruit and nuts, they also enjoy insects, frogs, and lizards.(虽然它们吃水果和坚果，但它们也喜欢昆虫、青蛙和蜥蜴)”提到了饮食；最后一段“These intelligent animals have small fingers and are gifted with fine motor skills. They can be trained to do many tasks that humans with disabilities cannot do, like turning the pages of a book or picking up dropped objects. (这些聪明的动物有细小的手指，具有精细的运动技能。通过训练，它们可以完成许多残疾人无法完成的任务，比如翻页或捡起掉在地上的东西)”提到了行为。可知，文章中没有提到威胁。故选C。 40．细节理解题。根据最后一段“These intelligent animals have small fingers and are gifted with fine motor skills. They can be trained to do many tasks that humans with disabilities cannot do, like turning the pages of a book or picking up dropped objects. Therefore, the white-faced capuchin can be important assistants and companions for some disabled people.(这些聪明的动物有细小的手指，具有精细的运动技能。通过训练，它们可以完成许多残疾人无法完成的任务，比如翻页或捡起掉在地上的东西。因此，白面卷尾猴可以成为一些残疾人的重要助手和同伴)”可知，白脸卷尾猴被用作人类的帮手因为他们很聪明，可以执行不同的任务。故选C。 11 【来源】上海市长宁区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 People’s creativity knows no bounds. There is always something new being developed that promises to improve people’s quality of life. These two inventions promise to do just that. Riding a bicycle is an enjoyable activity. Most people wear a helmet to protect their heads as accidents do happen and can be deadly. Helmets protect to a degree, but now a Swedish company has something even better. Meet Hövding 3, an airbag for cyclists that blows up to protect the head in an accident. A scientific study shows that it protects the head much better than a traditional bike helmet. The Hövding 3 airbag is worn around the neck like a collar. If the cyclist is in an accident, the airbag fills with air in 0.1 seconds. The Hövding 3 is easy to use. Just charge it up, zip it around your neck and activate it. It can also be linked to your smartphone. Then if you have an accident, the Hövding app will notify your selected contacts. At €349 (about USS380) the device isn’t cheap, but if it saves your life, it’s worth it. Have you ever heard of electronic skin, also known as e-skin? Just as your skin can feel things, electronic skin can “feel,” too. Made of special materials that are stretchy, e-skin can twist and stretch without breaking. It can also detect changes in temperature, pressure and wetness wherever it is used. E-skin is being combined with wearable health monitors, making them last longer and more comfortable for the wearer. E-skin can be put on robots that need to “feel” their environment and help them interact with the world around them. This is exactly how humans use their sense of touch to feel and respond to different stimuli (刺激物). For example, e-skin can be used to make prosthetic limbs (义肢) feel pressure and temperature changes. This would allow the person to have a better sense of touch, feel and control of the limb. Scientists and engineers are still working on improving the technology behind e-skin. They want to make it even more sensitive and responsive. 41．The expression “knows no bounds” in the first paragraph most probably means “________” A．shows no changes B．has no limits C．promises no drawbacks D．gets no bad results 42．Unlike a traditional helmet, the Hövding 3 ________. A．is very much complicated to use B．is a life-saving but low-cost device C．can inform the contacts of the injured D．can injure the wearers with its airbag 43．Which of the following statements about electronic skin is true? A．It has been mass-produced recently. B．It lacks flexibility and is easily worn out. C．It loses its sense of temperature in the sea. D．It is highly similar to human skin in function. 44．It can be concluded from the passage that ________. A．new inventions are changing our lives B．the two technologies are already quite perfect C．the future of modern technologies is uncertain D．robots play a key role in scientific experiments 【答案】41．B 42．C 43．D 44．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了两项新的发明——安全气囊Hövding 3和电子皮肤。 41．词句猜测题。根据第一段第二句“There is always something new being developed that promises to improve people’s quality of life.(总有新的东西被开发出来，有望提高人们的生活质量。)”可知，此处是指人类的创造性是无限的，所以knows no bounds意为“没有限制”。故选B。 42．细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“Then if you have an accident, the Hövding app will notify your selected contacts.(然后，如果你发生意外，Hövding应用程序会通知你选定的联系人。)”可知，与传统的头盔不同，Hövding 3可以通知受伤人员的联系人。故选C。 43．细节理解题。根据第五句前两句“E-skin can be put on robots that need to “feel” their environment and help them interact with the world around them. This is exactly how humans use their sense of touch to feel and respond to different stimuli (刺激物).(电子皮肤可以穿在需要“感知”环境的机器人身上，帮助它们与周围的世界互动。就像是人类利用他们的触觉来感受和回应不同的刺激。)”可知，电子皮肤和人类皮肤的功能高度相似。故选D。 44．推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“There is always something new being developed that promises to improve people’s quality of life.(总有新的东西被开发出来，有望提高人们的生活质量。)”可知，新的发明正在改变我们的生活。故选A。 12 【来源】上海市闵行区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末质量调研英语试卷 Once you get past the fact that it has no skin, the new robot from Disney Research is an impressive success in robotics. The new robot can imitate human facial movements, specifically blinking (眨眼睛) and slight head movements. A sensor in its chest area alerts the robot when to turn and face a person in front of it, and its eye movements shift from direct eye contact to rapid eye movements. It also moves slightly up and down to imitate breathing. While most such robots generally focus their eyes on a human face and stay there, that’s not how people interact with each other. The Disney Research team explained: Gaze (注视) has been shown to be a key social signal, shaping perceptions of interaction partners. For example, people who make more eye contact with us are perceived to be similar to us, as well as more intelligent, sincere, and trustworthy. Furthermore, gaze appears to convey complex social and emotional states. Given the importance of gaze in social interactions as well as its ability to communicate states and shape points of view, it is obvious that gaze can function as a significant tool for an interactive robot character. Thus, the aim of the team’s work is to develop a system to imitate a human-like mutual gaze. It’s not hard to imagine how Disney might use this technology for animatronic (电子动画的) characters at its theme parks. The company’s research team has been working on making more lifelike robots for some time; in 2018 it showed its Stickman robot that could do backflips (后空翻) in mid-air to almost the height of a human performer with arms raised over his or her head. They’ll just need to add something that looks like skin over the eye-tracking robot’s head. In this way, it will look more like a human. 45．What is the main feature of Disney’s new robot? A．It has advanced sensors all over its body. B．Its appearance is similar to a human being. C．It can make some facial movements like humans. D．Its movement is controlled by human facial movement. 46．Why does the research team intend to develop a system with a human-like gaze? A．It is expected to sell well. B．The gaze is a popular concept. C．This function can be designed easily. D．The gaze is important in social communication. 47．The example of the Stickman robot is used in paragraph 4 in order to . A．represent one of the human-like robots made by Disney B．prove Disney has been a pioneer in robot production C．show it has been the most high-level robot until now D．indicate animatronic characters are losing charm today 48．According to the passage, what will Disney Research most probably do next? A．Record the gaze of the new robot. B．Increase the sales of the new robot. C．Improve the skills of its Stickman robot. D．Explore new applications of its technology. 【答案】45．C 46．D 47．A 48．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了迪士尼发明的一款机器人。 45．细节理解题。根据第一段“The new robot can imitate human facial movements, specifically blinking (眨眼睛) and slight head movements.(这种新型机器人可以模仿人类的面部动作，特别是眨眼和轻微的头部动作)”可知，迪士尼新机器人的主要特点是它可以像人类一样做一些面部动作。故选C项。 46．细节理解题。根据第三段“Given the importance of gaze in social interactions as well as its ability to communicate states and shape points of view, it is obvious that gaze can function as a significant tool for an interactive robot character. Thus, the aim of the team’s work is to develop a system to imitate a human-like mutual gaze.(考虑到凝视在社交互动中的重要性，以及它交流状态和塑造观点的能力，很明显，凝视可以作为互动机器人角色的重要工具。因此，团队工作的目的是开发一个模仿人类相互凝视的系统)”可知，为什么研究团队打算开发一个具有类似人类凝视的系统是因为凝视在社交中很重要。故选D项。 47．推理判断题。根据第四段“The company’s research team has been working on making more lifelike robots for some time; in 2018 it showed its Stickman robot that could do backflips (后空翻) in mid-air to almost the height of a human performer with arms raised over his or her head.(一段时间以来，该公司的研究团队一直致力于制造更逼真的机器人；2018年，该公司展示了其Stickman机器人，该机器人可以在半空中做后空翻，几乎达到人类表演者的高度，手臂可以举过头顶)”可推知，第4段中使用了Stickman机器人的例子，以代表迪士尼制造的一种类人机器人。故选A项。 48．推理判断题。根据最后一段“They’ll just need to add something that looks like skin over the eye-tracking robot’s head. In this way, it will look more like a human.(他们只需要在眼动追踪机器人的头上添加一些看起来像皮肤的东西。这样，它看起来会更像一个人)”可推知，根据文章，迪士尼研究院下一步最有可能是提高Stickman机器人的技能。故选C项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $