精品解析：河南省周口市鹿邑县2024-2025学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题

2024——2025高三上期期中试卷 英语试题 时间100分钟 总分120分 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。 2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。 3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） A HANDSTITCHED WORLDS: THE CARTOGRAPHY OF QUILTS Quilts (床罩) are a narrative art; with themes that are political, spiritual, communal, or commemorative, they are infused with history and memory, mapping out intimate stories and legacies through a handcrafted language of design. Handstitched Worlds: The Cartography of Quilts is an invitation to read quilts as maps, tracing the paths of individual histories that illuminate larger historic events and cultural trends. Spanning the nineteenth to twenty-first centuries, this insightful and engaging exhibition brings together 18 quilts from the collection of the American Folk Art Museum, New York, representing a range of materials, motifs, and techniques from traditional early-American quilts to more contemporary sculptural assemblages. The quilts in Handstitched Worlds show us how this too-often overlooked medium balances creativity with tradition, individuality with collective zeitgeist. Like a road map, these unique works offer a path to a deeper understanding of the American cultural fabric. Number of Works:18 quilts Organized by: American Folk Art Museum, New York Approximate size:175-200 linear feet Security: Moderate security Participation Fee: Please inquire Shipping: IA&A makes all arrangements; exhibitors pay outgoing shipping costs within the contiguous U.S. Booking Period:12 weeks Tour: June 2021—August2024 Contact: TravelingExhibitions@ArtsandArtists.org Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art Museum, Wausau, WI June 12, 2021—August 29, 2021 Washington State Historical Society, Tacoma, WA September 17, 2021—January 23, 2022 Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT February 19, 2022—May 14, 2022 Fort Wayne Muesum of Art, Fort Wayne, IN June 18, 2022—September 11, 2022 AVAILABLE October 2022—January 2023 Dane G. Hansen Memorial Museum, Logan, KS February 17,2023—May 14, 2023 AVAILABLE June 2023—December 2023 Lauren Rogers Museum of Art, Laurel, MS January 30, 2024—April 21, 2024 AVAILABLE May 2024—August 2024 All tour dates can be customized to meet your scheduling needs. Please contact Traveling Exhibitions @ Artsand Artists.org for more information. 1. What is the purpose of the exhibition of Handstitched Worlds: The Cartography of Quilts? A. To promote creativity and individuality thorough the engaging exhibition. B. To provide an opportunity for visitors to learn to make quilts stitch by stitch. C. To give visitors an insight into the history and culture of America in specific periods. D. To enrich the understanding of the American culture by a tour visit to museums across America. 2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article? A. The exhibition is free both for the exhibitors and for the visitors. B. Exhibitors that are interested can choose whatever dates they want. C. The artistic and historic value of handstitched quilts used to be neglected. D. Exhibitors that are interested can book the exhibition 12 weeks in advance. 3. The article is written to _________. A. exhibitors B. visitors C. artists D. historians B Like almost every set of new parents Bryan and Elizabeth Shaw started snapping pictures of their son, Noah, practically from the moment he was born. When he was about three months old, Elizabeth noticed something odd. The flash on their digital camera created the typical red dot in the center of Noah’s left eye, but the right eye had a white spot at the center, almost as if the flash was being reflected back at the camera by something. When Elizabeth took Noah to an eye doctor, Noah was diagnosed with retinal (视网膜) cancer with the white reflection as a sign. He endured months of treatment, but it was too late. Noah’s cancer is treatable if caught early. Bryan Shaw wondered whether there were signs he’d missed. He went back over every baby picture of Noah he could find and discovered the first white spot in a photo taken when Noah was 12 days old. As time went on it appeared more frequently. “By the time he was four months old, it was showing up in 25percent of the pictures taken of him per month,” Bryan recalled. Later, Bryan was determined to put his hard-won insights to good use. He created a database that recorded the cancer’s appearance in every photo of Noah. He also collected photos and compiled the data from eight other children with the same cancer. Armed with that data, he began to work with colleagues to develop a smartphone app that can scan the photos in the user’s camera roll to search for white eye and can be used as a kind of ophthalmoscope (眼底镜). Called White Eye Detector, it is now available for free on Google Play and in Apple’s Apple Store. “I just kept telling myself, I really need to do this,” Bryan said. “This disease is tough to detect. Not only could this software save vision, but it can save lives.” 4. Why did Bryan and Elizabeth take pictures of Noah? A. To record his growth. B. To celebrate his birth. C. To test their digital camera. D. To collect evidence of eye diseases. 5. Which word can best describe Bryan’s feelings in paragraph 3? A. Terrified. B. Regretful. C. Lonely. D. Exhausted. 6. What can the app do to help? A. It serves as a detector. B. It presents expert advice. C. It saves photos on users’ phones. D. It provides a worldwide database. 7. What is the text mainly about? A. How a boy lost his eye. B. How a new app works. C. How a father saved his son. D. How an app came into being. C Scientists tested the effects. of new PVC pellets (聚氯乙烯颗粒) on the development of seven species, spanning all major groups of marine animals. They found exposure to high concentrations of PVC pellets prevented healthy development in all seven species. The study, by an international team led by the Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli (SZN) and the University of Exeter, highlights the “potentially catastrophic effects” of rising levels of plastic in the ocean. “When exposed to high levels of new PVC pellets, the species we examined went wrong in different ways,” said the first author Dr. Jimenez-Guri. “Some failed to make a shell; some failed to form proper bilateral (两侧的) features; some just stopped developing after a few rounds of cell division. They all failed to make a viable embryo (胚胎).” The study also examined the bad effects of plastic samples recovered from beaches. While the effects were not as widespread as those of new PVC pellets, high concentrations were found to affect the development of mollusks (软体动物), including sea urchins, sea stars and sea squirts. Coasts and rivers are known hot spots for plastic pollution. As the species in the study all live in coastal areas, severe pollution could have a major impact. “If you have extreme pollution at a time when these species are reproducing, then you don’t have the next generation of those species,” said Dr. Jimenez-Guri. Explaining how plastics cause developmental abnormalities, Dr. Jimenez-Guri said plastics contain a complex variety of potentially harmful components including zinc, which are slowly released once plastic is in the water. She added, “If we reach these extreme levels of plastic pollution at our coasts, which happens in isolated cases but is thankfully uncommon at present, many species may become unable to reproduce, with massive impacts on marine life, the wider environment and people. We need urgent action to reduce the amount of plastic entering the ocean.” 8. What is the author’s purpose of writing paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic of the text. B. To describe the methods used in the study. C. To present the findings of different studies. D. To highlight the positive effects of PVC pellets. 9. What does the underlined word “catastrophic” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Terrible. B. Formal. C. Creative. D. Isolated. 10. What is Dr. Jimenez-Guri’s attitude towards the situation of marine life? A. Positive. B. Concerned. C. Conservative. D. Indifferent. 11. Which can be the best title for the text? A. The Role Of PVC Pellets In Marine Ecosystems B. The Importance Of Coastal Areas For Marine Life C. The Future Of Marine Life Under Plastic Pollution D. The Serious Impact Of PVC Pellets On Marine Life D John Dryden, an English poet who died in 1700, once said, “Wealthy families can rarely continue to be rich for three generations.” In 19th- century America, successful families were also said to “go from shirtsleeves to shirtsleeves” in that length of time. In Asia, there is an identical saying that family wealth could not pass three generations. As a rising share of the world’s wealthiest comes from Asia, the three-generation hypothesis (假想) is being tested once again. Overall, the results of the three-generation test so far look encouraging for Asia’s wealthiest families. What has helped the wealthiest families to survive the test is the education that the younger generations have received. While many of their grandparents and parents never completed university, most of them have attended the best-known universities abroad, often in America. As a result, they are far worldlier than their elders, who built their fortunes on local businesses in periods of rapid economic development. John Riady, the child of an Indonesian family that owns Lippo Karawaci, attended Georgetown University, before earning an MBA at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and a law degree from Columbia University. Isha Ambani, daughter of Mukesh Ambani, graduated from Yale and then Stanford University’s Graduate School of Business in 2018. At the same time, they are more sharply aware of their responsibility to avoid one of the traditional traps: putting relationship before anything else. Instead, after they take charge of the businesses, they usually try to establish rules and regulations in their family businesses in order to keep generating wealth over centuries. In many developing countries, dealing with interest groups and local authorities remains an important part of doing business. It can ensure access to big contracts. However, American business schools do not teach them such skills. To preserve their family businesses, they have to learn a thing or two from their elders. 12. What do “shirtsleeves” most probably stand for in the first paragraph? A. Being poor. B. Being generous. C. Being stupid. D. Being lazy. 13. What does the author say about the richest younger generations in Asia? A. They are much wiser. B. They are more responsible. C. They are better educated. D. They are more experienced. 14. What do the younger leaders of the big family businesses stress? A. Western education. B. Social connection. C. Close relationship. D. Professional management. 15. What does the author advise the children of the wealthiest families to do? A. Get big contracts with dirty tricks. B. Learn from their grandparents and parents. C. Stay away from the powerful interest groups. D. Establish rules and regulations in their businesses. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Development of Self-Concept Self-concept begins to develop in early childhood. ____16____. However, it is between early childhood and adolescence that self-concept experiences the most growth. By age two, children begin to differentiate themselves from others. By the ages of three and four, children understand that they are separate and unique selves. ____17____. It is based mostly on physical characteristics or concrete details. Yet, children increasingly pay attention to their capabilities, and by about six years old, children can communicate what they want and need. They are also starting to define themselves in terms of social groups. Between the ages of seven and eleven, children begin to make social comparisons and consider how they’re understood by others. At this stage, children’s descriptions of themselves become more abstract. ____18____ They realize that their characteristics exist on a continuum. For example, a child at this stage will begin to see themselves as more athletic than some and less athletic than others, rather than simply athletic or not athletic. At this point, the ideal self and self-image start to develop. ____19____ The self-concept established during adolescence is usually the basis for the self-concept for the rest of one’s life. During the adolescent years, people experiment with different roles, personas, and selves. For adolescents, self-concept is influenced by success in areas they value and the responses of others valued by them. ____20____. A. This process continues throughout life B. Self-image doesn’t always match reality C. The ideal self is the self we would like to be D. Adolescence is a key period for self-concept E. At this stage, a child’s self-image is largely descriptive F. Success and approval can contribute to greater self-worth into adulthood G. They begin to describe themselves in terms of abilities and not just concrete details 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In many ways, Gitanjali Rao is an ordinary 11-year-old, lively and chatty, yet her scientific spirit makes a huge difference. Last month, she _____21_____ the top prize at the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge for her invention. What _____22_____ Gitanjali’s work was that her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water. “The idea didn’t _____23_____ to me until I saw my parents try to do water tests. The test strips may show inaccurate results, which weren’t very _____24_____.” She recalls. She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts and _____25_____ found that carbon nanotube (纳米管)sensors can be used to sense chemicals. Gitanjali _____26_____ to build a small blue housing using the 3-D printer at her school with computer chips and a battery inside. A free app, which Gitanjali designed under _____27_____ from her computer science teacher, gives instant _____28_____ and sends the data to a linked phone through an attached device. The process of designing her project wasn’t always _____29_____, though. Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer, _______30_______ along the way. In the award ceremony, Gitanjali also _______31_______ her parents with constant support and _______32_______ to try “crazy ideas”. Gitanjali received $25, 000 to further develop her program along with the great _______33_______ of winning the contest. According to Shafer, who _______34_______ Gitanjali, “she shows a lot of motivation to solve _______35_______ issues through science”. 21. A. earned B. designed C. offered D. made 22. A. exposed B. improved C. defined D. inspired 23. A. stick B. belong C. occur D. apply 24. A. simple B. reliable C. predictable D. creative 25 A. initially B. immediately C. temporarily D. eventually 26. A. managed B. promised C. pretended D. happened 27. A. observation B. command C. instruction D. control 28. A. access B. results C. decisions D. approval 29. A. optional B. complete C. continuous D. smooth 30. A. changed B. risked C. helped D. followed 31. A. stresses B. credits C. impresses D. provides 32. A. encouragement B. request C. struggle D. pressure 33. A. fortune B. intention C. honor D. potential 34. A. keeps up with B. gets along with C. takes care of D. speaks highly of 35. A. commercial B. practical C. academic D. systematic 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式. The phrase “living under a rock” usually means being unaware of what is happening in the world. But in Setenil de lasBodegas, the idiom takes on a literal meaning. Many of the Spanish town’3,000 residents live in homes ___36___ (build) inside the rock formations of a narrow gorge (峡谷) of the Rio Trejo River. The unusual structure ___37___ (believe) to have been inspired by the ancient Arab tradition of underground carve dwellings (住宅) to deal with extreme heat. They can be credited to the Moors, ___38___founded the town in the 12th century. Rather than building entire homes, they enlarged natural cups in the gorge and a a few extra walls. The dwellings are inexpensive and keep residents cool during the hot summer months. They are also earthquake-resistant and ___39___ (likely) to catch fire. The rock coverings extend over the street, ___40___ (provide) natural shade for passers- by. The town’s name, Setenil de las Bodegas, reveals its rich history. “Setenil” comes from the Lati phrase “Septem nihil”, which means seven times nothing. This refers ___41___ the Catholic Spanislrulers’ seven attempts to reconquer the territory from the Moors. The didn’t succeed until___42___ eighth time. “Bodegas” is now___43___ (common) used to describe small Hispanic grocery stores in urban areas. However, it initially meant a “storehouse for wine”. It was added to the town’s name by the Christian ___44___ (settler) who introduced vineyards (葡萄园) to the region in the 15th century. Most of the wine yards were destroyed by an insect _____45_____ (invade) in the 1800s. But the town is still known for its delicious olives and almonds. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假如你是李华，你校将给英国的某一学校赠送一批关于中国传统文化的书。请你代表学校给该校校长Mr. Green写一封信，内容要点如下： 1. 赠书的目的。 2. 介绍赠书类型； 3. 表示需要与其沟通具体细节。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。 Dear Mr. Green, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整短文。 It was early spring in Fairbanks, and puppies were blossoming like flowers among melting snow in Susie’s dog yard. “How can I ever turn you into a winning team?” Susie said, laughing. She’d dreamed of winning the yearly Dog Sled Championships Race. “Which pups will you choose?” Susie’s mother asked. “I think I’ll just choose three of four Aurora’s pups,” Susie said, but she knew that only three of these little puppies would make it to the big race. Although Aurora’s pups were only four weeks old, Susie already saw differences among them. Pluto was naughty, while Sunshine was shy, and Foxy was a tease. Fudge was the most responsive to her. Actually. Fudge was the smallest one. “Will you be my lead dog someday when your mother Aurora is old?” Susie said, holding Fudge’s tiny face to hers. “He’s awfully small,” Susie’s mother said. His brothers and sisters were already twice his size. “He’ll grow fast,” Susie said. “I’ll train him right along with the others.” Training puppies was a family affair. Susie’s mother and father raised thirteen strong dogs. Susie planned to make her best team this time. Susie trained each of them for their roles. Aurora was surely the leader of her four-dog team. As for Fudge, Susie would also give Fudge a small branch when she often let team dogs pull branches as a kind of training. He kept pulling it even when the other pups knocked him over. He kept working at tasks that Susie gave him, no matter how tired he got. Susie loved him for trying so hard. When spring snow melted into summer Susie ran her pups through flowered fields and wooded hills to keep them in shape. She felt delighted when Aurora proved to be a good leader and the team did well. Unexpectedly, Fudge got the summer growth that she hadn’t counted on. Though not officially belonging to the team, every practice, Fudge did his best beyond Susie had imagined. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Unfortunately, when the race day arrived, Aurora got sick. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The race began, and Fudge set a fast but steady pace. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024——2025高三上期期中试卷 英语试题 时间100分钟 总分120分 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。 2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。 3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） A HANDSTITCHED WORLDS: THE CARTOGRAPHY OF QUILTS Quilts (床罩) are a narrative art; with themes that are political, spiritual, communal, or commemorative, they are infused with history and memory, mapping out intimate stories and legacies through a handcrafted language of design. Handstitched Worlds: The Cartography of Quilts is an invitation to read quilts as maps, tracing the paths of individual histories that illuminate larger historic events and cultural trends. Spanning the nineteenth to twenty-first centuries, this insightful and engaging exhibition brings together 18 quilts from the collection of the American Folk Art Museum, New York, representing a range of materials, motifs, and techniques from traditional early-American quilts to more contemporary sculptural assemblages. The quilts in Handstitched Worlds show us how this too-often overlooked medium balances creativity with tradition, individuality with collective zeitgeist. Like a road map, these unique works offer a path to a deeper understanding of the American cultural fabric. Number of Works:18 quilts Organized by: American Folk Art Museum, New York Approximate size:175-200 linear feet Security: Moderate security Participation Fee: Please inquire Shipping: IA&A makes all arrangements; exhibitors pay outgoing shipping costs within the contiguous U.S. Booking Period:12 weeks Tour: June 2021—August2024 Contact: TravelingExhibitions@ArtsandArtists.org Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art Museum, Wausau, WI June 12, 2021—August 29, 2021 Washington State Historical Society, Tacoma, WA September 17, 2021—January 23, 2022 Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT February 19, 2022—May 14, 2022 Fort Wayne Muesum of Art, Fort Wayne, IN June 18, 2022—September 11, 2022 AVAILABLE October 2022—January 2023 Dane G. Hansen Memorial Museum, Logan, KS February 17,2023—May 14, 2023 AVAILABLE June 2023—December 2023 Lauren Rogers Museum of Art, Laurel, MS January 30, 2024—April 21, 2024 AVAILABLE May 2024—August 2024 All tour dates can be customized to meet your scheduling needs. Please contact Traveling Exhibitions @ Artsand Artists.org for more information. 1. What is the purpose of the exhibition of Handstitched Worlds: The Cartography of Quilts? A. To promote creativity and individuality thorough the engaging exhibition. B. To provide an opportunity for visitors to learn to make quilts stitch by stitch. C. To give visitors an insight into the history and culture of America in specific periods. D. To enrich the understanding of the American culture by a tour visit to museums across America. 2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article? A. The exhibition is free both for the exhibitors and for the visitors. B. Exhibitors that are interested can choose whatever dates they want. C. The artistic and historic value of handstitched quilts used to be neglected. D. Exhibitors that are interested can book the exhibition 12 weeks in advance. 3. The article is written to _________. A. exhibitors B. visitors C. artists D. historians 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了展览活动“手工缝制的世界: 被子的绘图”的参展相关信息。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Spanning the nineteenth to twenty-first centuries, this insightful and engaging exhibition brings together 18 quilts from the collection of the American Folk Art Museum, New York, representing a range of materials, motifs, and techniques from traditional early-American quilts to more contemporary sculptural assemblages.”（从19世纪到21世纪，这个深刻而迷人的展览汇集了来自纽约美国民间艺术博物馆的18款被子，代表了从传统的早期美国被子到更现代的雕塑组合的一系列材料、图案和技术。）及“Like a road map, these unique works offer a path to a deeper understanding of the American cultural fabric.”（这些独特的作品就像一张路线图，为深入了解美国文化结构提供了途径。）可知，“手工缝制的世界：拼布地图”展览的目的是为了让游客通过从19世纪到21世纪不同时期的被子，了解美国特定时期的历史和文化。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章关键信息“Booking Period:12 weeks”（预定时间周期：12周）可知，有兴趣的参展商可提前12周预订。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章关键句“Shipping: IA&A makes all arrangements; exhibitors pay outgoing shipping costs within the contiguous U.S.”（航运：IA&A做所有安排；参展商在美国本土支付运费）及“All tour dates can be customized to meet your scheduling needs.”（所有的巡展日期可以定制，以满足您的日程安排需要。）可推测，本文是写给参展商的。故选A项。 B Like almost every set of new parents, Bryan and Elizabeth Shaw started snapping pictures of their son, Noah, practically from the moment he was born. When he was about three months old, Elizabeth noticed something odd. The flash on their digital camera created the typical red dot in the center of Noah’s left eye, but the right eye had a white spot at the center, almost as if the flash was being reflected back at the camera by something. When Elizabeth took Noah to an eye doctor, Noah was diagnosed with retinal (视网膜) cancer with the white reflection as a sign. He endured months of treatment, but it was too late. Noah’s cancer is treatable if caught early. Bryan Shaw wondered whether there were signs he’d missed. He went back over every baby picture of Noah he could find and discovered the first white spot in a photo taken when Noah was 12 days old. As time went on, it appeared more frequently. “By the time he was four months old, it was showing up in 25percent of the pictures taken of him per month,” Bryan recalled. Later, Bryan was determined to put his hard-won insights to good use. He created a database that recorded the cancer’s appearance in every photo of Noah. He also collected photos and compiled the data from eight other children with the same cancer. Armed with that data, he began to work with colleagues to develop a smartphone app that can scan the photos in the user’s camera roll to search for white eye and can be used as a kind of ophthalmoscope (眼底镜). Called White Eye Detector, it is now available for free on Google Play and in Apple’s Apple Store. “I just kept telling myself, I really need to do this,” Bryan said. “This disease is tough to detect. Not only could this software save vision, but it can save lives.” 4. Why did Bryan and Elizabeth take pictures of Noah? A. To record his growth. B. To celebrate his birth. C. To test their digital camera. D. To collect evidence of eye diseases. 5. Which word can best describe Bryan’s feelings in paragraph 3? A. Terrified. B. Regretful. C. Lonely. D. Exhausted. 6. What can the app do to help? A. It serves as a detector. B. It presents expert advice. C. It saves photos on users’ phones. D. It provides a worldwide database. 7. What is the text mainly about? A. How a boy lost his eye. B. How a new app works. C. How a father saved his son. D. How an app came into being. 【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个关于视网膜癌症检测的智能手机应用程序的开发和应用。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Like almost every set of new parents, Bryan and Elizabeth Shaw started snapping pictures of their son, Noah, practically from the moment he was born.(像几乎所有的新父母一样，布莱恩和伊丽莎白·肖从他们的儿子诺亚出生的那一刻起就开始给他拍照)”可推知，从诺亚出生就开始拍照片，是为了记录他的成长。故选A项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Noah’s cancer is treatable if caught early. Bryan Shaw wondered whether there were signs he’d missed.(诺亚的癌症如果发现得早是可以治愈的。布莱恩·肖想知道他是否错过了什么迹象)”可知，布莱恩认为自己错过了早些时候的一些迹象，因此错过了治疗时机。由此，可推理出他很后悔。故选B项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Armed with that data, he began to work with colleagues to develop a smartphone app that can scan the photos in the user’s camera roll to search for white eye and can be used as a kind of ophthalmoscope (眼底镜).(有了这些数据，他开始与同事合作开发一款智能手机应用程序，该应用程序可以扫描用户相机胶卷中的照片，以搜索白眼，并可以用作一种眼底镜)”可知，这个app可以扫描相册并且作为眼底镜来发现症状，即该应用程序起到了探测器的作用。故选A项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其最后一段““I just kept telling myself, I really need to do this,” Bryan said. “This disease is tough to detect. Not only could this software save vision, but it can save lives.”(“我一直告诉自己，我真的需要这样做，”布莱恩说。“这种疾病很难发现。这个软件不仅可以拯救视力，还可以拯救生命。”)”可知，本文主要讲述了由于未能及时发现迹象，错失儿子的治疗时机后，父亲积极研发app帮助他人的大爱故事。故选D项。 C Scientists tested the effects. of new PVC pellets (聚氯乙烯颗粒) on the development of seven species, spanning all major groups of marine animals. They found exposure to high concentrations of PVC pellets prevented healthy development in all seven species. The study, by an international team led by the Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli (SZN) and the University of Exeter, highlights the “potentially catastrophic effects” of rising levels of plastic in the ocean. “When exposed to high levels of new PVC pellets, the species we examined went wrong in different ways,” said the first author Dr. Jimenez-Guri. “Some failed to make a shell; some failed to form proper bilateral (两侧的) features; some just stopped developing after a few rounds of cell division. They all failed to make a viable embryo (胚胎).” The study also examined the bad effects of plastic samples recovered from beaches. While the effects were not as widespread as those of new PVC pellets, high concentrations were found to affect the development of mollusks (软体动物), including sea urchins, sea stars and sea squirts. Coasts and rivers are known hot spots for plastic pollution. As the species in the study all live in coastal areas, severe pollution could have a major impact. “If you have extreme pollution at a time when these species are reproducing, then you don’t have the next generation of those species,” said Dr. Jimenez-Guri. Explaining how plastics cause developmental abnormalities, Dr. Jimenez-Guri said plastics contain a complex variety of potentially harmful components including zinc, which are slowly released once plastic is in the water. She added, “If we reach these extreme levels of plastic pollution at our coasts, which happens in isolated cases but is thankfully uncommon at present, many species may become unable to reproduce, with massive impacts on marine life, the wider environment and people. We need urgent action to reduce the amount of plastic entering the ocean.” 8. What is the author’s purpose of writing paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic of the text. B. To describe the methods used in the study. C. To present the findings of different studies. D. To highlight the positive effects of PVC pellets. 9. What does the underlined word “catastrophic” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Terrible. B. Formal. C. Creative. D. Isolated. 10. What is Dr. Jimenez-Guri’s attitude towards the situation of marine life? A. Positive. B. Concerned. C. Conservative. D. Indifferent. 11. Which can be the best title for the text? A. The Role Of PVC Pellets In Marine Ecosystems B. The Importance Of Coastal Areas For Marine Life C. The Future Of Marine Life Under Plastic Pollution D. The Serious Impact Of PVC Pellets On Marine Life 【答案】8. A 9. A 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了塑料中的PVC颗粒会影响海洋生物健康发育，解释了研究开展的经过以及发现。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists tested the effects. of new PVC pellets (聚氯乙烯颗粒) on the development of seven species, spanning all major groups of marine animals. They found exposure to high concentrations of PVC pellets prevented healthy development in all seven species.(科学家们测试了新型聚氯乙烯颗粒对七种海洋生物发育的影响，涵盖了所有主要的海洋动物群体。他们发现暴露在高浓度的PVC颗粒中会阻碍所有七种生物的健康发育)”可知，作者写第一段的目的是引入文章主题。故选A。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“They found exposure to high concentrations of PVC pellets prevented healthy development in all seven species.(他们发现暴露在高浓度的PVC颗粒中会阻碍所有七种生物的健康发育)”以及划线词后文“effects” of rising levels of plastic in the ocean(……海洋中塑料水平上升的……影响)”可知，上文提到研究人员发现，接触塑料中高浓度的聚氯乙烯颗粒会阻碍所有七个物种的健康发育，即海洋中塑料水平上升的影响很糟糕，故划线词意思是“糟糕的”。故选A。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“We need urgent action to reduce the amount of plastic entering the ocean.(我们需要采取紧急行动，减少进入海洋的塑料数量)”可知，Jimenez-Guri博士对海洋生物状况感到担忧。故选B。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists tested the effects. of new PVC pellets (聚氯乙烯颗粒) on the development of seven species, spanning all major groups of marine animals. They found exposure to high concentrations of PVC pellets prevented healthy development in all seven species.(科学家们测试了新型聚氯乙烯颗粒对七种海洋生物发育的影响，涵盖了所有主要的海洋动物群体。他们发现暴露在高浓度的PVC颗粒中会阻碍所有七种生物的健康发育)”结合文章主要说明了塑料中的PVC颗粒会影响海洋生物健康发育，解释了研究开展的经过以及发现。可知，D选项“PVC颗粒对海洋生物的严重影响”最符合文章标题。故选D。 D John Dryden, an English poet who died in 1700, once said, “Wealthy families can rarely continue to be rich for three generations.” In 19th- century America, successful families were also said to “go from shirtsleeves to shirtsleeves” in that length of time. In Asia, there is an identical saying that family wealth could not pass three generations. As a rising share of the world’s wealthiest comes from Asia, the three-generation hypothesis (假想) is being tested once again. Overall, the results of the three-generation test so far look encouraging for Asia’s wealthiest families. What has helped the wealthiest families to survive the test is the education that the younger generations have received. While many of their grandparents and parents never completed university, most of them have attended the best-known universities abroad, often in America. As a result, they are far worldlier than their elders, who built their fortunes on local businesses in periods of rapid economic development. John Riady, the child of an Indonesian family that owns Lippo Karawaci, attended Georgetown University, before earning an MBA at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and a law degree from Columbia University. Isha Ambani, daughter of Mukesh Ambani, graduated from Yale and then Stanford University’s Graduate School of Business in 2018. At the same time, they are more sharply aware of their responsibility to avoid one of the traditional traps: putting relationship before anything else. Instead, after they take charge of the businesses, they usually try to establish rules and regulations in their family businesses in order to keep generating wealth over centuries. In many developing countries, dealing with interest groups and local authorities remains an important part of doing business. It can ensure access to big contracts. However, American business schools do not teach them such skills. To preserve their family businesses, they have to learn a thing or two from their elders. 12. What do “shirtsleeves” most probably stand for in the first paragraph? A. Being poor. B. Being generous. C. Being stupid. D. Being lazy. 13. What does the author say about the richest younger generations in Asia? A They are much wiser. B. They are more responsible. C. They are better educated. D. They are more experienced. 14. What do the younger leaders of the big family businesses stress? A. Western education. B. Social connection. C. Close relationship. D. Professional management. 15. What does the author advise the children of the wealthiest families to do? A. Get big contracts with dirty tricks. B. Learn from their grandparents and parents. C. Stay away from the powerful interest groups. D. Establish rules and regulations in their businesses. 【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。尽管古今中外都有“富不过三代”之说，但作者认为，这个魔咒在新时代很可能会被打破。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。 根据第一段中“Wealthy families can rarely continue to be rich for three generations.(富裕的家庭很少能持续三代人的富裕)”、“family wealth could not pass three generations(富不过三代)”推测“go from shirtsleeves to shirtsleeves(从衬衫袖子到衬衫袖子)”是相同的意思，即“富不过三代”，因此shirtsleeves很可能代表“穷”。故选A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“While many of their grandparents and parents never completed university, most of them have attended the best-known universities abroad, often in America.(虽然他们的祖父母和父母中的许多人从未完成大学学业，但他们中的大多数人都上过国外最著名的大学，通常是在美国)”可知，这些富家子弟都接受了更好的教育。故选C。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Instead, after they take charge of the businesses, they usually try to establish rules and regulations in their family businesses in order to keep generating wealth over centuries.(相反，在他们接管企业后，他们通常试图在家族企业中建立规章制度，以便在几个世纪内不断创造财富)”可知，这些年轻一代的管理者更注重公司管理制度的建立。故选D。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“In many developing countries, dealing with interest groups and local authorities remains an important part of doing business. It can ensure access to big contracts. However, American business schools do not teach them such skills. To preserve their family businesses, they have to learn a thing or two from their elders.(在许多发展中国家，与利益集团和地方当局打交道仍然是做生意的重要组成部分。它可以确保获得大合同。然而，美国商学院不教他们这些技能。为了保护他们的家族企业，他们必须向长辈学习一两件事)”可知，作者认为这些年轻的管理者应该向他们的长辈请教，以弥补西式教育的不足。故选B。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Development of Self-Concept Self-concept begins to develop in early childhood. ____16____. However, it is between early childhood and adolescence that self-concept experiences the most growth. By age two, children begin to differentiate themselves from others. By the ages of three and four, children understand that they are separate and unique selves. ____17____. It is based mostly on physical characteristics or concrete details. Yet, children increasingly pay attention to their capabilities, and by about six years old, children can communicate what they want and need. They are also starting to define themselves in terms of social groups. Between the ages of seven and eleven, children begin to make social comparisons and consider how they’re understood by others. At this stage, children’s descriptions of themselves become more abstract. ____18____ They realize that their characteristics exist on a continuum. For example, a child at this stage will begin to see themselves as more athletic than some and less athletic than others, rather than simply athletic or not athletic. At this point, the ideal self and self-image start to develop. ____19____ The self-concept established during adolescence is usually the basis for the self-concept for the rest of one’s life. During the adolescent years, people experiment with different roles, personas, and selves. For adolescents, self-concept is influenced by success in areas they value and the responses of others valued by them. ____20____. A. This process continues throughout life B. Self-image doesn’t always match reality C. The ideal self is the self we would like to be D. Adolescence is a key period for self-concept E. At this stage, a child’s self-image is largely descriptive F. Success and approval can contribute to greater self-worth into adulthood G. They begin to describe themselves in terms of abilities and not just concrete details 【答案】16. A 17. E 18. G 19. D 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人的自我意识形成的过程。 【16题详解】 根据空前的“Self-concept begins to develop in early childhood.(自我意识在儿童早期开始发展。)”可知，自我意识在童年早起开始形成，结合空后的“However, it is between early childhood and adolescence that self-concept experiences the most growth.(然而，在幼儿期和青少年之间，自我意识经历了最多的成长。)”可知，自我意识在童年早起和青少年时期成长最快，由此可知，此空讲述的与自我意识的成长阶段有关系，A选项“This process continues throughout life(这个过程贯穿一生)”承接上文的内容，且与空后的内容为转折关系，符合语境。故选A项。 【17题详解】 根据空前的“By age two, children begin to differentiate themselves from others. By the ages of three and four, children understand that they are separate and unique selves.(到两岁时，孩子们开始把自己和别人区分开来。到三、四岁时，孩子们明白他们是独立的、独特的自我。)”可知，人在三、四岁时开始理解自己是独立的、不同的个体，结合空后的“It is based mostly on physical characteristics or concrete details.(它主要基于物理特征或具体细节。)”可知，此空应是对三、四岁时自我意识的特点进一步介绍，E选项“At this stage, a child’s self-image is largely descriptive(在这个阶段，孩子的自我形象很大程度上是描述性的)”承接上文，介绍三、四岁时自我意识的特点；选项中的“At this stage”指的是上文中的“the ages of three and four”，空后的it指代选项中的“a child’s self-image is largely descriptive”。故选E项。 【18题详解】 根据空前的“Between the ages of seven and eleven, children begin to make social comparisons and consider how they’re understood by others. At this stage, children’s descriptions of themselves become more abstract.(在7岁到11岁之间，孩子们开始进行社会比较，并考虑别人如何理解他们。在这个阶段，孩子对自己的描述变得更加抽象。)”可知，此处讲述的是7岁到11岁之间的孩子的自我意识的特点是开始变得更加抽象，G选项“They begin to describe themselves in terms of abilities and not just concrete details(他们开始用能力来描述自己，而不仅仅是具体的细节)”讲述的内容是对空前内容的进一步解释，符合语境。故选G项。 【19题详解】 分析语篇可知，此处为本段的主题句；结合空后的“The self-concept established during adolescence is usually the basis for the self-concept for the rest of one’s life.(在青少年时期建立的自我意识通常是一个人余生自我意识的基础。)”可知，本段讲述的内容应是与青少年时期的自我意识特点相关，D选项“Adolescence is a key period for self-concept(青少年时期是自我意识形成的关键时期)”讲述的是青少年时期是自我意识形成的关键期，与本段讲述的内容一致，符合语境。故选D项。 【20题详解】 根据空前的“For adolescents, self-concept is influenced by success in areas they value and the responses of others valued by them.(对于青少年来说，自我意识受到他们所重视的领域的成功和他们所重视的其他人的反应的影响。)”可知，成功和他人的评价对青少年的自我意识影响巨大，由此可推断，空后继续讲述的内容应是成功和他人的评价对青少年自我意识形成的影响，F选项“Success and approval can contribute to greater self-worth into adulthood(成功和认可能让你成年后更有自我价值)”讲述的内容是成功和认可对自我价值的影响，是对空前内容的进一步阐述，符合语境。故选F项。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In many ways, Gitanjali Rao is an ordinary 11-year-old, lively and chatty, yet her scientific spirit makes a huge difference. Last month, she _____21_____ the top prize at the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge for her invention. What _____22_____ Gitanjali’s work was that her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water. “The idea didn’t _____23_____ to me until I saw my parents try to do water tests. The test strips may show inaccurate results, which weren’t very _____24_____.” She recalls. She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts and _____25_____ found that carbon nanotube (纳米管)sensors can be used to sense chemicals. Gitanjali _____26_____ to build a small blue housing using the 3-D printer at her school with computer chips and a battery inside. A free app, which Gitanjali designed under _____27_____ from her computer science teacher, gives instant _____28_____ and sends the data to a linked phone through an attached device. The process of designing her project wasn’t always _____29_____, though. Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer, _______30_______ along the way. In the award ceremony, Gitanjali also _______31_______ her parents with constant support and _______32_______ to try “crazy ideas”. Gitanjali received $25, 000 to further develop her program along with the great _______33_______ of winning the contest. According to Shafer, who _______34_______ Gitanjali, “she shows a lot of motivation to solve _______35_______ issues through science”. 21. A. earned B. designed C. offered D. made 22. A. exposed B. improved C. defined D. inspired 23. A. stick B. belong C. occur D. apply 24. A. simple B. reliable C. predictable D. creative 25. A. initially B. immediately C. temporarily D. eventually 26. A. managed B. promised C. pretended D. happened 27. A. observation B. command C. instruction D. control 28. A. access B. results C. decisions D. approval 29. A. optional B. complete C. continuous D. smooth 30. A. changed B. risked C. helped D. followed 31. A. stresses B. credits C. impresses D. provides 32. A. encouragement B. request C. struggle D. pressure 33. A. fortune B. intention C. honor D. potential 34. A. keeps up with B. gets along with C. takes care of D. speaks highly of 35. A. commercial B. practical C. academic D. systematic 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了吉坦贾利·拉奥只是是一个11岁的普通人，活泼健谈，但她的科学精神却产生了巨大的影响，她因其发明获得了探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛的最高奖项。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：上个月，她凭借自己的发明获得了探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛的最高奖项。A. earned获得；B. designed设计；C. offered提供；D. made制作。根据下文“the top prize at the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge for her invention.(探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛的最高奖项)”可知，吉坦贾利·拉奥获得了这个奖项，故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：吉坦贾利的工作之所以受到启发，是因为她的城市面临着水资源紧急情况，水中铅含量过高。A. exposed暴露；B. improved改善；C. defined定义；D. inspired启发。根据下文“her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water(她的城市面临着水资源紧急情况，水中铅含量过高)”以及“The idea didn’t occur to me until I saw my parents try to do water tests.(直到我看到父母试着做水测试，我才想到这个主意)”可知，她的城市面临着水资源中铅含量过高这一问题使吉坦贾利受到了启发，故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到我看到父母试着做水测试，我才想到这个主意。A. stick刺；B. belong属于；C. occur想到；发生；D. apply申请。根据下文“until I saw my parents try to do water tests(直到我看到父母试着做水测试)”可推理出，作者在看到父母试着做水测试时，想到了主意，故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：测试条可能显示不准确的结果，这不是很可靠。A. simple简单的；B. reliable可靠的；C. predictable可预测的；D. creative创造性的。根据上文“The test strips may show inaccurate results(测试条可能显示不准确的结果)”可知，测试条可能不可靠，故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，她继续努力寻找合适的材料，最终发现碳纳米管传感器可以用来感应化学物质。A. initially最初；B. immediately立即；C. temporarily临时地；D. eventually最终。根据上文“She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts(她继续努力寻找合适的材料)”以及下文“found that carbon nanotube sensors can be used to sense chemicals(发现碳纳米管传感器可以用来感应化学物质)”可知，上下文要表达的含义是：吉坦贾利经过不断的努力，最终发现了碳纳米管传感器，故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：吉坦贾利在学校用3D打印机建造了一个蓝色的小房子，里面有电脑芯片和电池。A. managed完成；B. promised承诺；C. pretended假装；D. happened发生。根据下文“build a small blue housing using the 3-D printer at her school with computer chips and a battery inside(建造了一个蓝色的小房子，里面有电脑芯片和电池)”可知，吉坦贾利成功地建成了小房子，故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：吉坦贾利在她的计算机科学老师的指导下设计了一个免费的应用程序，该应用程序可以提供即时结果，并通过连接的设备将数据发送到链接的手机。A. observation观察；B. command命令；C. instruction指导；D. control控制。根据下文“from her computer science teacher(来自于她的计算机科学老师)”可推理出是来自于她的计算机科学老师的指导，故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. access入口；B. results结果；C. decisions决定；D. approval同意。根据下文“sends the data to a linked phone through an attached device.(通过连接的设备将数据发送到链接的手机)”可知该应用程序能提供即时的结果，故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不过，她的项目设计过程并不总是一帆风顺。A. optional可选择的；B. complete完整的；C. continuous连续的；D. smooth光滑的；顺利的。根据下文“Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer, helped along the way.( Kathleen Shafer是一名科学家，她在夏天与吉坦贾利搭档担任她的老师，一路上她都在帮忙)”可知，吉坦贾利的项目设计需要老师的帮忙，并不是一帆风顺的，故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Kathleen Shafer是一名科学家，她在夏天与吉坦贾利搭档担任她的老师，一路上她都在帮忙。A. changed改变；B. risked冒险；C. helped帮助；D. followed跟着。根据上文“Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer(Kathleen Shafer是一名科学家，她在夏天与吉坦贾利搭档担任她的老师)”可知，Kathleen Shafer一直都在帮助吉坦贾利，故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在颁奖典礼上，吉坦贾利还归功于她的父母不断支持和鼓励她尝试“疯狂的想法”。A. stresses强调；B. credits把……归于；C. impresses给……以深刻印象；D. provides提供。根据下文“constant support(不断支持)”可知，吉坦贾利把他的成功还归功于父母的不断支持，故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. encouragement鼓励；B. request要求；C. struggle挣扎；D. pressure压力。根据上文“constant support(不断支持)”以及下文“try “crazy ideas”(尝试“疯狂的想法”)”可知，空白处应填表示“鼓励”含义的名词，故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：吉坦贾利获得了25000美元，用于进一步发展她的项目，并获得了赢得比赛的巨大荣誉。A. fortune命运；B. intention目的；C. honor荣誉；D. potential潜力。根据下文“winning the contest(赢得比赛)”可知，赢得比赛是一种荣誉，故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Shafer对吉坦贾利评价很高，她说：“她表现出了通过科学解决实际问题的很大动力。A. keeps up with跟上；B. gets along with与……相处；C. takes care of照顾；D. speaks highly of高度赞扬。根据下文“she shows a lot of motivation to solve practical issues through science(她表现出了通过科学解决实际问题的很大动力)”可知，Shafer对吉坦贾利有着很高的评价，故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. commercial商业的；B. practical实用的；C. academic学术的；D. systematic系统的。根据第三段“She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts and eventually found that carbon nanotube sensors can be used to sense chemicals.(然后，她继续努力寻找合适的材料，最终发现碳纳米管传感器可以用来感应化学物质)”可知，吉坦贾利是通过科学解决的实际问题，故选B项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式. The phrase “living under a rock” usually means being unaware of what is happening in the world. But in Setenil de lasBodegas, the idiom takes on a literal meaning. Many of the Spanish town’3,000 residents live in homes ___36___ (build) inside the rock formations of a narrow gorge (峡谷) of the Rio Trejo River. The unusual structure ___37___ (believe) to have been inspired by the ancient Arab tradition of underground carve dwellings (住宅) to deal with extreme heat. They can be credited to the Moors, ___38___founded the town in the 12th century. Rather than building entire homes, they enlarged natural cups in the gorge and a a few extra walls. The dwellings are inexpensive and keep residents cool during the hot summer months. They are also earthquake-resistant and ___39___ (likely) to catch fire. The rock coverings extend over the street, ___40___ (provide) natural shade for passers- by. The town’s name, Setenil de las Bodegas, reveals its rich history. “Setenil” comes from the Lati phrase “Septem nihil”, which means seven times nothing. This refers ___41___ the Catholic Spanislrulers’ seven attempts to reconquer the territory from the Moors. The didn’t succeed until___42___ eighth time. “Bodegas” is now___43___ (common) used to describe small Hispanic grocery stores in urban areas. However, it initially meant a “storehouse for wine”. It was added to the town’s name by the Christian ___44___ (settler) who introduced vineyards (葡萄园) to the region in the 15th century. Most of the wine yards were destroyed by an insect _____45_____ (invade) in the 1800s. But the town is still known for its delicious olives and almonds. 【答案】36. built 37. is believed 38. who 39. unlikely 40. providing 41. to 42. the 43. commonly 44. settlers 45. invasion 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了西班牙小镇不同寻常的住宅结构。 36题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：这个西班牙小镇的3000名居民中，许多人住在里奥特雷霍河狭窄峡谷的岩层中。空处为非谓语动词，homes与build在逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填built。 【37题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：这种不寻常的结构被认为是受到古代阿拉伯传统地下雕刻住宅的启发，以应对极端高温。陈述事实，为一般现在时，The unusual structure与believe为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is believed。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它们可以归功于摩尔人，他们在12世纪建立了这个城镇。先行词为the Moors，指人，空处在非限制性定语从句作主语，关系代词为who。故填who。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它们还具有抗震性能，不太可能着火。形容词unlikely作表语，符合句意。故填unlikely。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：岩石覆盖物延伸到街道上，为行人提供了自然的阴凉。空处为非谓语动词，与上文为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填providing。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：这指的是天主教西班牙统治者从摩尔人手中夺回领土的七次尝试。refer to指的是，为固定短语。故填to。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：他们直到第八次才成功。表示第八次，用定冠词the。故填the。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：“Bodegas”现在通常用来形容城市地区的小型西班牙杂货店。副词commonly作状语修饰动词used。故填commonly。 44题详解】 考查名词。句意：15世纪，基督教定居者将葡萄园引入该地区，并将其添加到该镇的名字中。泛指多个定居者，用复数名词settlers作宾语。故填settlers。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：19世纪，大部分的酒庄都被昆虫入侵摧毁了。名词invasion作宾语。 故填invasion。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假如你是李华，你校将给英国的某一学校赠送一批关于中国传统文化的书。请你代表学校给该校校长Mr. Green写一封信，内容要点如下： 1. 赠书的目的。 2. 介绍赠书类型； 3. 表示需要与其沟通具体细节。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。 Dear Mr. Green, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua 【答案】Dear Mr. Green, How is everything going? In order to make the students in your school have a better understanding of Chinese traditional culture, our school is going to donate a large number of books to your school. As is known to all, we have a rich traditional culture that covers a diversity of topics. Therefore, we have been carefully choosing books that are most typical and cater for us teenagers. After heated discussions, we have agreed that books about traditional Chinese festivals, food and costumes are likely to be what the students are fond of. There is much detailed information that we need to discuss about the donation, such as the time and the way to deliver the books. So I hope you can write me a reply at your earliest convenience. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你校将给英国的某一学校赠送一批关于中国传统文化的书，你将代表学校给该校校长Mr. Green写一封信。 【详解】1.词汇积累 为了：in order to→so as to 丰富的：rich→abundant 挑选：choose→select 喜欢：be fond of→be keen on 2.句式拓展 同义句转化 原句：As is known to all, we have a rich traditional culture that covers a diversity of topics. 拓展句：It is known to all that we have a rich traditional culture that covers a diversity of topics. 【点睛】【高分句型1】As is known to all, we have a rich traditional culture that covers a diversity of topics.（运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句和that引导的限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】After heated discussions, we have agreed that books about traditional Chinese festivals, food and costumes are likely to be what the students are fond of.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和what引导的表语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was early spring in Fairbanks, and puppies were blossoming like flowers among melting snow in Susie’s dog yard. “How can I ever turn you into a winning team?” Susie said, laughing. She’d dreamed of winning the yearly Dog Sled Championships Race. “Which pups will you choose?” Susie’s mother asked. “I think I’ll just choose three of four Aurora’s pups,” Susie said, but she knew that only three of these little puppies would make it to the big race. Although Aurora’s pups were only four weeks old, Susie already saw differences among them. Pluto was naughty, while Sunshine was shy, and Foxy was a tease. Fudge was the most responsive to her. Actually. Fudge was the smallest one. “Will you be my lead dog someday when your mother Aurora is old?” Susie said holding Fudge’s tiny face to hers. “He’s awfully small,” Susie’s mother said. His brothers and sisters were already twice his size. “He’ll grow fast,” Susie said. “I’ll train him right along with the others.” Training puppies was a family affair. Susie’s mother and father raised thirteen strong dogs. Susie planned to make her best team this time. Susie trained each of them for their roles. Aurora was surely the leader of her four-dog team. As for Fudge, Susie would also give Fudge a small branch when she often let team dogs pull branches as a kind of training. He kept pulling it even when the other pups knocked him over. He kept working at tasks that Susie gave him, no matter how tired he got. Susie loved him for trying so hard. When spring snow melted into summer, Susie ran her pups through flowered fields and wooded hills to keep them in shape. She felt delighted when Aurora proved to be a good leader and the team did well. Unexpectedly, Fudge got the summer growth that she hadn’t counted on. Though not officially belonging to the team, every practice, Fudge did his best beyond Susie had imagined. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Unfortunately, when the race day arrived, Aurora got sick. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The race began, and Fudge set a fast but steady pace. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Unfortunately, when the race day arrived, Aurora got sick. Susie was worried and didn’t know what to do. She looked at Fudge, who seemed eager to take on the challenge. Susie decided to give Fudge a chance and let him lead the team. She hoped that Fudge could prove himself and lead the team to victory. The race began, and Fudge set a fast but steady pace. The other dogs followed him closely, and the team worked together smoothly. Fudge was determined and focused, and he led the team through the difficult terrain. Susie was proud of Fudge’s performance and cheered him on. As the race progressed, the team gained momentum and started to overtake other teams. In the end, they crossed the finish line and won the race. Susie was overjoyed and hugged Fudge tightly. She knew that Fudge had exceeded her expectations and proved that size didn’t matter. From then on, Fudge became the star of the team. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲述了Susie在准备年度狗拉雪橇锦标赛的过程中，面对领头犬Aurora生病的突发情况，如何调整策略，让原本不被看好的小狗Fudge成为领头犬，并最终带领团队赢得比赛的故事。 详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“不幸的是，当比赛日到来时，Aurora生病了。”可知，第一段可描写Susie面对Aurora生病的困境时的焦虑与决策过程，她决定让Fudge担任领头犬，并寄予厚望。 ②由第二段首句内容“比赛开始了，Fudge设定了一种快速但稳定的速度。”可知，第二段可描写Fudge在比赛中的出色表现，他带领团队稳步前进，克服困难，最终赢得比赛。Susie对Fudge的表现感到自豪，并认识到体型并不是决定因素，Fudge用实际行动证明了自己的价值。 2.续写线索：Aurora生病——Susie决定让Fudge担任领头犬——Fudge带领团队稳步前进——克服困难赢得比赛——Susie对Fudge的认可与赞赏 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①不知道做什么：didn’t know what to do/was at a loss ②带领：lead/guide/direct ③拥抱：hug/embrace 情绪类 ①担心的：be worried/be concerned/be anxious ②以……自豪：be proud of/take pride in 【点睛】【高分句型1】She looked at Fudge, who seemed eager to take on the challenge. (由who引导非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】She hoped that Fudge could prove himself and lead the team to victory. (由that引导宾语从句作hoped的宾语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$