精品解析：江苏省连云港市灌云县2024-2025学年高一上学期11月期中英语试题

2024-2025学年度高一第一学期期中学业质量检测 英语试题 (本卷满分120分 考试时间120分钟) 一、阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共50分) A Where to Eat in Kuala Lumpur Great restaurants in Kuala Lumpur offer a genuine global dining experience. Whether you are looking to enjoy hearty comfort food or some local delicacies, the city’s dining scene satisfies all comers. Mum’s Place Nothing brings more comfort than Mom’s cooking. With recipes inspired by the owners’ mother, this restaurant brings you Nyonya dishes that are truly Malaysian. Located in the district of Damansara Perdana, Mum’s Place is a neighbourhood restaurant with its main customers from residents nearby. Some of the best dishes include cencaru fish, devil curry chicken and beef rendang. Cantaloupe Located about 20 minutes from downtown Malacca, it is a home-based eatery with about 10 tables manned by four operators. Unlike most restaurants, food is self-service here, with dishes placed on catering pans for customers to choose from. It serves traditional Malaysian dishes with distinct Chinese influences. You will find rice dumplings and chicken rendang among the offerings. It has two branches in the city. Their dishes sell out fast, so it’d be best to head there before lunchtime. Yum Yum Restaurant Situated in the beautiful Shangri-La Hotel, Yum Yum Restaurant is among the locals’ many favourite spots to dine at. It offers an interesting Nyonya and Thai food with Chinese influences that make them stand out. The classic dishes include sambal petai prawns, assam fish head and Yum Yum egg. It can get crowded here, so it’d be best to head there early or call ahead for reservations. Troika Sky Dining Offering fine dining, the impressive Troika Sky Dining undoubtedly stands out from the pack. Set on the 23rd floor of Tower B of The Troika, it goes without saying that the cloud-skimming views here are something else entirely. The food is what helped it stand out. It serves award-winning French, Italian, Greek, and Spanish food and adventurous menu of high-end pizzas and pasta. 1. What do Mum’s Place and Yum Yum Restaurant have in common? A. They are based in hotels. B. They serve Nyonya dishes. C They need prior reservations. D. They offer breathtaking views. 2. What’s special about Cantaloupe? A. It is a buffet restaurant. B. It serves hard-to-find dishes. C. It has branches throughout Asia. D. It opens for lunch earlier than others. 3. Which restaurant serves western food? A. Mum’s Place. B. Cantaloupe. C Yum Yum Restaurant. D. Troika Sky Dining. B Free-riding means people can benefit from a service without paying anything. It also arises if people can get benefit without making equal contributions. So a free rider always enjoys the benefits of a resource or service while letting someone else do the work or do more work. There are several effects of the free rider problem. The first is the Tragedy (悲剧) of the Commons, a situation in which individuals with access to a public resource act for their own benefit and, in doing so, finally use up the resource. For example, imagine that a group of people share a piece of land where they all graze (让……吃草) their cattle. If each person just tries to increase their own short-term gain, they will let their cattle graze as much as possible. However, if everyone does this, the land will quickly become over-grazing and will not be able to support any cattle. Another effect is that the free rider problem can lead to a situation in which people do not have access to important goods and services. This is because providers may not be able to get back the costs of providing the goods or services if too many people free ride. Imagine that a city decides to build a new hospital through donations. If too many people rely on others to donate, rather than donate themselves, then the hospital may not be built at all. This means that people who need medical care in the area may not have access to it. There are several solutions to the free rider problem. Government solves the problem by collecting tax (税) dollars to support public services. Theoretically, taxes are related to income, so fair cost-sharing can be achieved. Communities can turn their public resource into a private or club resource, charging money to make sure everyone who uses it contributes to it. This will limit overuse and, over time, may even lead to altruistic (利他的) behavior. That is, many people may like the idea of making a small contribution to a resource that they use. 4. Which of the following may best show the nature of free-riding? A. Many hands make light work. B. Let George do it. C. Every coin has two sides. D. Less is more. 5. What is one of the effects produced by the free rider problem? A. The costs of providing the goods and services are rising. B. People tend to maximize their long-term gain. C. A group of people have to share goods and services. D. Individuals overuse a shared resource for personal gain. 6. How is paragraph 3 mainly developed? A. By giving an example. B. By explaining a definition. C. By referring to a study. D. By making a comparison. 7. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To call on the government to solve the free rider problem. B. To inform the readers of the free rider problem. C. To stress the importance of making donations. D. To draw people’s attention to public services. C The study, published in the Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, compared survey results of parents with their children in England and Wales from the ages of 16 months to 13 years. The research team found that average levels of food fussiness (挑食) were relatively stable during this period, peaking somewhat around the age of 7 and declining slightly after that. They concluded that genetic differences in the population accounted for 60% of the variation in food fussiness at 16 months, rising to 74% and over between the ages of 3 and 13. Lead author Dr Zeynep Nas said, “Food fussiness is common among children and can be a major source of anxiety for parents and caregivers, who often blame themselves for this behaviour or are blamed by others. “We hope our finding that fussy eating is largely inborn may help to ease parental blame. This behaviour is not a result of parenting.” Senior author Dr Clare Llewellyn said, “While genetic factors are the major influence for food fussiness, environment also plays a supporting role. Environmental factors, such as sitting down together as a family to eat meals, may only be significant in toddlerhood (蹒跚学步期); While environmental factors, such as individual personal experiences (e.g., having different friends), become more influential in later years.” This suggests that interventions (干预) to help children eat a wider range of foods, such as repeatedly exposing children to the same foods regularly and offering a variety of fruits and vegetables, may be most effective in the very early years. Unique environmental factors accounted for about a quarter of individual differences between children in fussy eating by ages 7 and 13, the researchers estimated. Among the study limitations, the researchers noted that there were fewer participants at age 7 compared to other time points and that the study sample (样本) had a large percentage of white British households of higher social economic backgrounds compared to the general population of England and Wales. In future, the team said, research should focus on non-western populations where food culture, parental feeding practices and food security may be quite different. 8. According to paragraph 1, what does the study tell us? A. Teenagers over 13 years old have a balanced diet. B. Children at 7 have the highest level of food fussiness. C. Variation in food fussiness causes genetic differences. D. Children become more particular about food with age. 9. What did Dr Zeynep Nas suggest? A. Parents should be blamed for children’s food fussiness. B. Food fussiness is mainly caused by genetic factors. C. Children should be forced to eat various foods. D. Parents should avoid eating with their children. 10. According to Dr Clare Llewellyn, which of the following is important for young children’s eating habits? A. Having meals with family. B. Making more friends. C. Eating a variety of foods. D. Exercising regularly. 11. What is the limitation of the study? A. It only focused on children in England and Wales. B. It didn’t consider the influence of environment. C. It had a small number of participants at age 7. D. It didn’t distinguish between different genders. D Imagining a human being without historical sense is scary. The thought of living exclusively in a present moment is scary. Scarier still is the thought of an entire generation, not to mention society, operating with a lack of a sense of history. And yet that is exactly the situation in which we find ourselves today. The people and events of history may be rooted in the past but how we talk about those things, what we write about them, and how we teach them—in other words, how we practise history as the record of human experience—tell us a lot about who we are and what we value right now. Thinking of ourselves as a chapter in an as-yet unwritten history book, on the other hand, is likely to force deeper self-reflection: Whose stories will we stand up for? What values will we defend? What models will we offer following generations? In an era of environmental change, rising inequality and great shifts in the international political context, we need to understand how our institutions have developed. History gives us power. No other subject helps us to understand so comprehensively what it is to be human. The implications of ignorance of what have happened are incredible, but the ignorance itself isn’t entirely surprising given the lowered status of history in most schools. The discipline of history has become sidelined (边缘化). “History fights for its place in the curriculum with geography,” Dr. Bain observed, “but its attention to time, place and context is what makes it really distinct.” In other words, history doesn’t simply tell us how to be good citizens: It equips us with the knowledge we need to comprehend our world clearly, and the ability to analyze it accurately. Clearly, in an age of “fake news”, engaged citizens need to be culturally literate, critical thinkers. There is no better subject than history to develop an appreciation of context and an ability to look for evidence. We should expect a logical history curriculum for our children. If it were common to hear graduates claim that they’d never learned to add, subtract, multiply and divide, there would be a severe protest. So should there be now. 12. What is the situation the author mentioned in paragraph 1? A. The fear of the past. B. The ignorance of history. C. The exclusion of the present. D. The dissatisfaction of society. 13. What does the author mainly stress in paragraph 2? A. Consequences of overlooking history. B. Significance of mastering all subjects. C. Insights from history for today and tomorrow. D. Resolutions of the current international issues. 14. Which one of the following ideas might Dr. Bain agree with? A. Critical thinking is key to studying history well. B. Schools should enhance the status of history curriculum. C. Ignorance of history is not as terrible as expected in schools. D. Geography proves more meaningful and practical than history. 15. What does the underlined sentence “So should there be now.” mean? A. The historical sense can help us differentiate the news. B. People are dissatisfied with graduates’ ability to calculate. C. We should make history curriculum more logical and critical. D. We should pay the same attention to history as to other subjects. E Overcoming Social Anxiety Almost all of you have had anxiety attacks at some point of your lives. Overcoming social anxiety is necessary for an individual. ____16____ The below-mentioned tips will help you to overcome your social anxiety in a better way. Prepare yourself in your mind. Don’t let the fear of embarrassment defeat you in social settings. You can prepare yourself with some scenarios (设想). ____17____ If you are prepared for the worst things, and you know what to do in those moments, you’ll naturally get the confidence to remain calm and manage the situation. ____18____ The way you think makes a strong influence on the way you feel. Understanding that you can control the way you think is an important step in defeating social anxiety. When thoughts like “I’m going to fail” come to your mind, try replacing them with more realistic and calmer thoughts. Try telling yourself that you are able and confident enough to fight those negative thoughts. Try to speak up. Ensure you always talk in a reasonably louder voice. It is good to talk about hot events. If you have a special interest, try to talk more about it so that beginners as wells as experts can understand you. ____19____ Practice distracting (分散) your attention. It will help you concentrate on something else when your anxiety starts to build up. ____20____ Then you will not get time to think about your worries and will feel confident talking about it. You will find yourself actually enjoying the social situation instead of running away from it. A. Develop a positive attitude. B. Try sticking to your thoughts. C. You can also collect amusing stories or jokes to tell. D. You can start reading a book or get busy with a hobby. E. To overcome this, it’s important to step out of your comfort zone. F. In this way, you can ensure that you’re ready for any challenging situations. G. Not doing so can create plenty of breaks in relationships at home and in work. 二、完形填空(1•15=15分) As a mother of three, I once led a routine life, wrapped in the safety of familiar patterns. Each day, emails, gym, shopping, dinner—a cycle that kept me ____21____. One fall morning, I was out on a routine walk with a trusted friend. She is independent and brave. I often asked her for ____22____. As we walked, I ____23____ the subject of fear. I told her that I felt ____24____, living a life of fear. I knew I was avoiding situations that pushed me out of my ____25____ but didn’t know how to be brave and branch out. The advice she gave me changed my life. “Start small,” she said. “Start today, do something everyday that ____26____ you.” Knowing that something in my life needed to ____27____, I took her advice and committed to ____28____ fear. It began with making conversation with strangers. I gave myself ____29____ to explore new opportunities. My work as a health coach usually _____30_____ home based sessions. When offered a school board presentation, my heart _____31_____. Every part of me wanted to decline the offer. _____32_____, I’d come to recognize those as signals not to shy away from but as a time to say yes to _____33_____, learning, and overcoming my own limitations. Years of practicing bravery have _____34_____ me into a stronger, more confident individual. For the first time, I feel truly brave, ready to embrace all the _____35_____ life has to offer. 21. A. easeful B. anxious C. amazed D. delighted 22. A. honor B. money C. information D. advice 23. A. researched B. mentioned C. expressed D. explained 24. A. ashamed B. abandoned C. trapped D. appreciated 25. A. safety rule B. bottom line C. comfort zone D. top secret 26. A. bored B. excited C. pleased D. terrified 27. A. shift B. prove C. save D. wait 28. A. embracing B. causing C. admitting D. canceling 29. A. creation B. permission C. imagination D. luck 30. A. received B. attracted C. avoided D. involved 31 A. beat B. raced C. fought D. stopped 32. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Besides D. However 33. A. ambition B. experience C. growth D. loneliness 34. A. transformed B. persuaded C. forced D. tricked 35. A. plans B. adventures C. signals D. efforts 三、语法填空(25分) A 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Zenghouyi Chimes are an enormous musical instrument dating from China’s Warring States Period. This set of chimes is ____36____ (particular) large. Its frame is 7. 48 metres long and 2. 65 metres high with 65 bells ____37____ (suspend) from it. One characteristic that sets these chimes apart from others is that they can play not only the five-tone scale, but also the seven-tone scale. Their unique oval design ____38____ (mean) that each bell can produce two different tones ____39____ (depend) on where it is struck. This was a groundbreaking ____40____ (discover) for the study of ancient Chinese music because before the appearance of this instrument, people thought that Greece was ____41____ the seven-tone scale first appeared. The Zenghouyi Chimes have been played three times ____42____ the set was unearthed. The first time was in Wuhan, the year it was discovered. The second was at the National Museum of China in Beijing in 1979 to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the founding of our country. The third ____43____ (record) in 1997, which was then edited into a performance of symphonic music____44____ (mark) the return of Hong Kong to China. The Zenghouyi Chimes are _____45_____ genuine miracle not only because they inform us about the rituals and music of ancient China but also because they demonstrate the highest level of bronze casting techniques. B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wu Yanni, ___46___ young hurdler (跨栏运动员), has run into the hearts of Chinese people and became an internet hit. On Aug 4,2023, Wu won the silver medal with a personal best of 12.76 seconds in the women’s 100m hurdles at the FISU World University Games, ___47___ (help) her get into the Paris Olympics in 2024. Despite her athletic achievements, some online comments moved to ___48___ (she) style. Wu wears light makeup and ties her hair into small twist braids, unlike ___49___ (tradition) image of athletes. In response to this, however, Wu told CGTN that she believes “it is my muscles ___50___ make me widely known, not my face. As an athlete, Wu looks much more at ease than many of her peers and becomes ___51___ (strong) when facing challenges. Before each competition, she ___52___ (see) turning her head around and pointing her index fingers at the sky. She explained that it was ___53___ (show) her ambition for the coming Paris Olympics. Wu told China Daily that she got inspiration ___54___ Liu Xiang. She said, “I want Chinese female hurdlers to receive more international ___55___ (recognise),” she emphasized. 四、选词填空(1•10=10分) 选词填空 lie in take on come between him and his running bring out in full measure back down eat away at think through reach across the table live up to her parents’ expectation 56. His daughter, a pet trainer, ________ dog’s great potential. 57. If neither side ________, family tensions wouldn’t be avoided. 58. You have to ________ what might happen before you make a decision. 59. This kind of animal can ________ the colors of its environment to protect itself. 60. The villagers returned volunteers’ help ________ and took out all the food they had. 61. The magic of blind boxes ________ their uncertainty with their uniform packaging. 62. Don’t________ in front of others to get something. 63. The sportsman never lets anything ________ in the evening. 64. Too many failures ________ his confidence eventually. 65. She was sad that she failed ________. 五、书信写作(20分) 66. 亲子沟通是家庭生活的一大主题。日前，你校英语俱乐部即将举行英语演讲比赛，本届话题为“How can we better get along with our parents?”。请你就此话题发表自己的看法，写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1.表明观点： 2.陈述理由： 3.总结发言。 注意： 1.词数80个左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 How Can We Better Get Along with Our Parents? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年度高一第一学期期中学业质量检测 英语试题 (本卷满分120分 考试时间120分钟) 一、阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共50分) A Where to Eat in Kuala Lumpur Great restaurants in Kuala Lumpur offer a genuine global dining experience. Whether you are looking to enjoy hearty comfort food or some local delicacies, the city’s dining scene satisfies all comers. Mum’s Place Nothing brings more comfort than Mom’s cooking. With recipes inspired by the owners’ mother, this restaurant brings you Nyonya dishes that are truly Malaysian. Located in the district of Damansara Perdana, Mum’s Place is a neighbourhood restaurant with its main customers from residents nearby. Some of the best dishes include cencaru fish, devil curry chicken and beef rendang. Cantaloupe Located about 20 minutes from downtown Malacca, it is a home-based eatery with about 10 tables manned by four operators. Unlike most restaurants, food is self-service here, with dishes placed on catering pans for customers to choose from. It serves traditional Malaysian dishes with distinct Chinese influences. You will find rice dumplings and chicken rendang among the offerings. It has two branches in the city. Their dishes sell out fast, so it’d be best to head there before lunchtime. Yum Yum Restaurant Situated in the beautiful Shangri-La Hotel, Yum Yum Restaurant is among the locals’ many favourite spots to dine at. It offers an interesting Nyonya and Thai food with Chinese influences that make them stand out. The classic dishes include sambal petai prawns, assam fish head and Yum Yum egg. It can get crowded here, so it’d be best to head there early or call ahead for reservations. Troika Sky Dining Offering fine dining, the impressive Troika Sky Dining undoubtedly stands out from the pack. Set on the 23rd floor of Tower B of The Troika, it goes without saying that the cloud-skimming views here are something else entirely. The food is what helped it stand out. It serves award-winning French, Italian, Greek, and Spanish food and adventurous menu of high-end pizzas and pasta. 1. What do Mum’s Place and Yum Yum Restaurant have in common? A. They are based in hotels. B. They serve Nyonya dishes. C. They need prior reservations. D. They offer breathtaking views. 2. What’s special about Cantaloupe? A. It is a buffet restaurant. B. It serves hard-to-find dishes. C. It has branches throughout Asia. D. It opens for lunch earlier than others. 3. Which restaurant serves western food? A. Mum’s Place. B. Cantaloupe. C. Yum Yum Restaurant. D. Troika Sky Dining. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了吉隆坡的四家各具特色的餐馆。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Mum’s Place部分的“With recipes inspired by the owners’ mother, this restaurant brings you Nyonya dishes that are truly Malaysian.(这家餐厅的食谱灵感来自老板的母亲，为您带来真正的马来西亚娘惹菜)”以及Yum Yum Restaurant部分的“It offers an interesting Nyonya and Thai food with Chinese influences that make them stand out.(它提供有趣的娘惹菜和泰国菜，受到中国的影响，使它们脱颖而出)”可知，Mum’s Place和Yum Yum Restaurant的共同之处在于这两家餐厅都提供娘惹菜。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Cantaloupe部分的“Unlike most restaurants, food is self-service here, with dishes placed on catering pans for customers to choose from.(与大多数餐馆不同的是，这里的食物是自助的，盘子里的菜供顾客选择)”可知，Cantaloupe的特殊之处在于它是一家自助餐厅。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Troika Sky Dining部分的“It serves award-winning French, Italian, Greek, and Spanish food and adventurous menu of high-end pizzas and pasta.(提供一流的法国，意大利，希腊，和西班牙的食物和冒险菜单的高端披萨和意大利面)”可知，Troika Sky Dining提供西方食物。故选D项。 B Free-riding means people can benefit from a service without paying anything. It also arises if people can get benefit without making equal contributions. So a free rider always enjoys the benefits of a resource or service while letting someone else do the work or do more work. There are several effects of the free rider problem. The first is the Tragedy (悲剧) of the Commons, a situation in which individuals with access to a public resource act for their own benefit and, in doing so, finally use up the resource. For example, imagine that a group of people share a piece of land where they all graze (让……吃草) their cattle. If each person just tries to increase their own short-term gain, they will let their cattle graze as much as possible. However, if everyone does this, the land will quickly become over-grazing and will not be able to support any cattle. Another effect is that the free rider problem can lead to a situation in which people do not have access to important goods and services. This is because providers may not be able to get back the costs of providing the goods or services if too many people free ride. Imagine that a city decides to build a new hospital through donations. If too many people rely on others to donate, rather than donate themselves, then the hospital may not be built at all. This means that people who need medical care in the area may not have access to it. There are several solutions to the free rider problem. Government solves the problem by collecting tax (税) dollars to support public services. Theoretically, taxes are related to income, so fair cost-sharing can be achieved. Communities can turn their public resource into a private or club resource, charging money to make sure everyone who uses it contributes to it. This will limit overuse and, over time, may even lead to altruistic (利他的) behavior. That is, many people may like the idea of making a small contribution to a resource that they use. 4. Which of the following may best show the nature of free-riding? A. Many hands make light work. B. Let George do it. C. Every coin has two sides. D. Less is more. 5. What is one of the effects produced by the free rider problem? A. The costs of providing the goods and services are rising. B. People tend to maximize their long-term gain. C. A group of people have to share goods and services. D. Individuals overuse a shared resource for personal gain. 6. How is paragraph 3 mainly developed? A. By giving an example. B. By explaining a definition. C. By referring to a study. D. By making a comparison. 7. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To call on the government to solve the free rider problem. B. To inform the readers of the free rider problem. C. To stress the importance of making donations. D. To draw people’s attention to public services. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章客观地解释了“搭便车”现象的概念、所带来的影响以及提出的一些解决措施。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Free-riding means people can benefit from a service without paying anything. It also arises if people can get benefit without making equal contributions. So a free rider always enjoys the benefits of a resource or service while letting someone else do the work or do more work.(搭便车意味着人们无需支付任何费用就可以从一项服务中获益。如果人们不做出同等的贡献就能获得利益，也会出现这种情况。所以搭便车者总是享受某种资源或服务的好处，而让别人做这些工作或做更多的工作)”可知，选项B“Let George do it.(让乔治来做吧。)”表示“让别人去做自己职责范围以内的事”，最能体现搭便车的本质，意味着让别人去做事，而自己享受成果，符合搭便车者不付出成本却享受利益的行为特点。故选B。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“There are several effects of the free rider problem. The first is the Tragedy (悲剧) of the Commons, a situation in which individuals with access to a public resource act for their own benefit and, in doing so, finally use up the resource.(搭便车问题有几个影响。第一种是‘公地悲剧’，在这种情况下，拥有公共资源的个人为了自己的利益而行动，最终耗尽了资源)”可知，搭便车问题产生的影响之一是共享资源因个人追求私利而被过度使用。故选D。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Another effect is that the free rider problem can lead to a situation in which people do not have access to important goods and services. This is because providers may not be able to get back the costs of providing the goods or services if too many people free ride. Imagine that a city decides to build a new hospital through donations. If too many people rely on others to donate, rather than donate themselves, then the hospital may not be built at all. This means that people who need medical care in the area may not have access to it.(另一个影响是搭便车问题可能导致人们无法获得重要商品和服务的情况。这是因为如果太多人免费乘车，供应商可能无法收回提供商品或服务的成本。想象一下，一个城市决定通过捐赠建立一所新医院。如果太多的人依靠别人来捐赠，而不是自己捐赠，那么医院可能根本就建不起来。这意味着该地区需要医疗服务的人可能无法获得医疗服务)”可知，第三段通过举例说明了免费搭车问题的一个影响，即假设一个城市试图通过捐赠建立新医院的情景来阐述如果太多人期望他人捐款而非自己行动，可能会导致医院建不成的结果。因此，该段落主要通过举例子展开论述。故选A。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Free-riding means people can benefit from a service without paying anything. It also arises if people can get benefit without making equal contributions. So a free rider always enjoys the benefits of a resource or service while letting someone else do the work or do more work.(搭便车意味着人们无需支付任何费用就可以从一项服务中获益。如果人们不做出同等的贡献就能获得利益，也会出现这种情况。所以搭便车者总是享受某种资源或服务的好处，而让别人做这些工作或做更多的工作)”和最后一段中“There are several solutions to the free rider problem.(有几种解决搭便车问题的方法)”可知，文章整体介绍了什么是搭便车问题、它产生的几个效应以及针对这一问题的几种解决方案。其主要目的是告知读者搭便车问题的存在及其影响，以及可能的解决办法。故选B。 C The study, published in the Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, compared survey results of parents with their children in England and Wales from the ages of 16 months to 13 years. The research team found that average levels of food fussiness (挑食) were relatively stable during this period, peaking somewhat around the age of 7 and declining slightly after that. They concluded that genetic differences in the population accounted for 60% of the variation in food fussiness at 16 months, rising to 74% and over between the ages of 3 and 13. Lead author Dr Zeynep Nas said, “Food fussiness is common among children and can be a major source of anxiety for parents and caregivers, who often blame themselves for this behaviour or are blamed by others. “We hope our finding that fussy eating is largely inborn may help to ease parental blame. This behaviour is not a result of parenting.” Senior author Dr Clare Llewellyn said, “While genetic factors are the major influence for food fussiness, environment also plays a supporting role. Environmental factors, such as sitting down together as a family to eat meals, may only be significant in toddlerhood (蹒跚学步期); While environmental factors, such as individual personal experiences (e.g., having different friends), become more influential in later years.” This suggests that interventions (干预) to help children eat a wider range of foods, such as repeatedly exposing children to the same foods regularly and offering a variety of fruits and vegetables, may be most effective in the very early years. Unique environmental factors accounted for about a quarter of individual differences between children in fussy eating by ages 7 and 13, the researchers estimated. Among the study limitations, the researchers noted that there were fewer participants at age 7 compared to other time points and that the study sample (样本) had a large percentage of white British households of higher social economic backgrounds compared to the general population of England and Wales. In future, the team said, research should focus on non-western populations where food culture, parental feeding practices and food security may be quite different. 8. According to paragraph 1, what does the study tell us? A. Teenagers over 13 years old have a balanced diet. B. Children at 7 have the highest level of food fussiness. C. Variation in food fussiness causes genetic differences. D. Children become more particular about food with age. 9. What did Dr Zeynep Nas suggest? A. Parents should be blamed for children’s food fussiness. B. Food fussiness is mainly caused by genetic factors. C. Children should be forced to eat various foods. D. Parents should avoid eating with their children. 10. According to Dr Clare Llewellyn, which of the following is important for young children’s eating habits? A. Having meals with family. B. Making more friends. C. Eating a variety of foods. D. Exercising regularly. 11. What is the limitation of the study? A. It only focused on children in England and Wales. B. It didn’t consider the influence of environment. C. It had a small number of participants at age 7. D. It didn’t distinguish between different genders. 【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项关于孩子挑食的研究，介绍了研究的发现以及局限性等情况。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The research team found that average levels of food fussiness (挑食) were relatively stable during this period, peaking somewhat around the age of 7 and declining slightly after that. (研究小组发现，在这段时间里，食物挑剔的平均水平相对稳定，在7岁左右达到顶峰，之后略有下降。)”可知，这项研究指出7岁的孩子对食物的挑剔程度最高。故选B。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段““We hope our finding that fussy eating is largely inborn may help to ease parental blame. This behaviour is not a result of parenting.” (“我们希望，挑食在很大程度上是天生的这一发现，可以帮助减轻父母的指责。这种行为不是父母教育的结果。”)”可知，泽内普·纳斯博士指出挑食主要是由遗传因素引起的。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This suggests that interventions (干预) to help children eat a wider range of foods, such as repeatedly exposing children to the same foods regularly and offering a variety of fruits and vegetables, may be most effective in the very early years. (这表明，帮助孩子吃更广泛的食物的干预措施，比如定期让孩子反复接触同样的食物，并提供各种水果和蔬菜，可能在很小的时候就最有效)”可知，根据克莱尔·卢埃林博士的说法，吃各种各样的食物对幼儿的饮食习惯很重要。故选C。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Among the study limitations, the researchers noted that there were fewer participants at age 7 compared to other time points and that the study sample (样本) had a large percentage of white British households of higher social economic backgrounds compared to the general population of England and Wales. (在研究的局限性中，研究人员指出，与其他时间点相比，7岁时的参与者较少，而且与英格兰和威尔士的普通人口相比，研究样本中有很大比例的英国白人家庭具有较高的社会经济背景。)”可知，本研究的局限性是只有一小部分7岁的参与者。故选C。 D Imagining a human being without historical sense is scary. The thought of living exclusively in a present moment is scary. Scarier still is the thought of an entire generation, not to mention society, operating with a lack of a sense of history. And yet that is exactly the situation in which we find ourselves today. The people and events of history may be rooted in the past, but how we talk about those things, what we write about them, and how we teach them—in other words, how we practise history as the record of human experience—tell us a lot about who we are and what we value right now. Thinking of ourselves as a chapter in an as-yet unwritten history book, on the other hand, is likely to force deeper self-reflection: Whose stories will we stand up for? What values will we defend? What models will we offer following generations? In an era of environmental change, rising inequality and great shifts in the international political context, we need to understand how our institutions have developed. History gives us power. No other subject helps us to understand so comprehensively what it is to be human. The implications of ignorance of what have happened are incredible, but the ignorance itself isn’t entirely surprising given the lowered status of history in most schools. The discipline of history has become sidelined (边缘化). “History fights for its place in the curriculum with geography,” Dr. Bain observed, “but its attention to time, place and context is what makes it really distinct.” In other words, history doesn’t simply tell us how to be good citizens: It equips us with the knowledge we need to comprehend our world clearly, and the ability to analyze it accurately. Clearly, in an age of “fake news”, engaged citizens need to be culturally literate, critical thinkers. There is no better subject than history to develop an appreciation of context and an ability to look for evidence. We should expect a logical history curriculum for our children. If it were common to hear graduates claim that they’d never learned to add, subtract, multiply and divide, there would be a severe protest. So should there be now. 12. What is the situation the author mentioned in paragraph 1? A. The fear of the past. B. The ignorance of history. C. The exclusion of the present. D. The dissatisfaction of society. 13. What does the author mainly stress in paragraph 2? A. Consequences of overlooking history. B. Significance of mastering all subjects. C. Insights from history for today and tomorrow. D. Resolutions of the current international issues. 14. Which one of the following ideas might Dr. Bain agree with? A. Critical thinking is key to studying history well. B. Schools should enhance the status of history curriculum. C. Ignorance of history is not as terrible as expected in schools. D. Geography proves more meaningful and practical than history. 15. What does the underlined sentence “So should there be now.” mean? A. The historical sense can help us differentiate the news. B. People are dissatisfied with graduates’ ability to calculate. C. We should make history curriculum more logical and critical. D. We should pay the same attention to history as to other subjects. 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。讨论了在现代社会发展中，培养历史感的重要性，以及历史教育的重要意义。文章呼吁将历史教育纳入更加合理的课程体系中，历史感的建立有助于培养学生的批判性思维以及理解世界的能力。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Imagining a human being without historical sense is scary. The thought of living exclusively in a present moment is scary. Scarier still is the thought of an entire generation, not to mention society, operating with a lack of a sense of history. (想象一个没有历史感的人是可怕的。只活在当下的想法是可怕的。更可怕的是，整整一代人，更不用说整个社会，在缺乏历史感的情况下运作。)”可知，作者在第一段提到了人们对历史的无知。故选B。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The people and events of history may be rooted in the past, but how we talk about those things, what we write about them, and how we teach them—in other words, how we practise history as the record of human experience—tell us a lot about who we are and what we value right now. Thinking of ourselves as a chapter in an as-yet unwritten history book, on the other hand, is likely to force deeper self-reflection (历史上的人物和事件可能植根于过去，但我们如何谈论这些事情，我们如何写它们，以及我们如何教授它们——换句话说，我们如何将历史作为人类经历的记录来实践——告诉我们很多关于我们是谁以及我们现在看重什么。另一方面，把自己想象成一本尚未书写的历史书中的一个章节，可能会迫使我们进行更深层次的自我反思)”以及“In an era of environmental change, rising inequality and great shifts in the international political context, we need to understand how our institutions have developed. History gives us power. No other subject helps us to understand so comprehensively what it is to be human. (在一个环境变化、不平等加剧、国际政治环境发生巨大变化的时代，我们需要了解我们的制度是如何发展起来的。历史赋予我们力量。没有其他学科能如此全面地帮助我们理解什么是人类。)”可知，作者在第二段主要强调了历史对今天和明天的洞见。故选C。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The discipline of history has become sidelined (边缘化). “History fights for its place in the curriculum with geography,” Dr. Bain observed, “but its attention to time, place and context is what makes it really distinct.” In other words, history doesn’t simply tell us how to be good citizens: It equips us with the knowledge we need to comprehend our world clearly, and the ability to analyze it accurately.(历史学科已经靠边站了。“历史与地理在课程中争夺自己的位置，”贝恩博士说，“但它对时间、地点和背景的关注使它真正与众不同。”换句话说，历史不仅仅告诉我们如何成为好公民：它还让我们具备了清晰理解世界所需的知识，以及准确分析世界的能力)”可知，历史是如此的重要，学校应该提高历史课程的地位。故选B。 【15题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“There is no better subject than history to develop an appreciation of context and an ability to look for evidence. We should expect a logical history curriculum for our children. If it were common to hear graduates claim that they’d never learned to add, subtract, multiply and divide, there would be a severe protest. (没有比历史更适合培养对背景的鉴赏能力和寻找证据的能力了。我们应该为我们的孩子准备一个合乎逻辑的历史课程。如果经常听到毕业生声称他们从未学过加减乘除，那一定会引起强烈的抗议)”可知，没有比历史更适合培养对背景的鉴赏能力和寻找证据的能力了，我们应该重视历史学科，应该和数学等其它学科一样对待。划线处和D项：We should pay the same attention to history as to other subjects.(我们对待历史应该像对待其他学科一样重视)合乎题意。故选D。 E Overcoming Social Anxiety Almost all of you have had anxiety attacks at some point of your lives. Overcoming social anxiety is necessary for an individual. ____16____ The below-mentioned tips will help you to overcome your social anxiety in a better way. Prepare yourself in your mind. Don’t let the fear of embarrassment defeat you in social settings. You can prepare yourself with some scenarios (设想). ____17____ If you are prepared for the worst things, and you know what to do in those moments, you’ll naturally get the confidence to remain calm and manage the situation. ____18____ The way you think makes a strong influence on the way you feel. Understanding that you can control the way you think is an important step in defeating social anxiety. When thoughts like “I’m going to fail” come to your mind, try replacing them with more realistic and calmer thoughts. Try telling yourself that you are able and confident enough to fight those negative thoughts. Try to speak up. Ensure you always talk in a reasonably louder voice. It is good to talk about hot events. If you have a special interest, try to talk more about it so that beginners as wells as experts can understand you. ____19____ Practice distracting (分散) your attention. It will help you concentrate on something else when your anxiety starts to build up. ____20____ Then you will not get time to think about your worries and will feel confident talking about it. You will find yourself actually enjoying the social situation instead of running away from it. A. Develop a positive attitude. B. Try sticking to your thoughts. C. You can also collect amusing stories or jokes to tell. D. You can start reading a book or get busy with a hobby. E. To overcome this, it’s important to step out of your comfort zone. F. In this way, you can ensure that you’re ready for any challenging situations. G. Not doing so can create plenty of breaks in relationships at home and in work. 【答案】16. G 17. F 18. A 19. C 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何克服社交焦虑提供了实用的建议和方法，旨在帮助读者理解并应对社交焦虑问题。 【16题详解】 根据空前内容“Almost all of you have had anxiety attacks at some point of your lives. Overcoming social anxiety is necessary for an individual.(你们几乎所有人在生活中的某个时刻都经历过焦虑发作。对于个人而言，克服社交焦虑是必要的。)”可知，我们每个人都经历过焦虑，而克服社交焦虑是非常有必要的。选项G“Not doing so can create plenty of breaks in relationships at home and in work.(不这样做可能会在家庭和工作关系中造成许多裂痕。)”延续上文内容，指出克服社交焦虑才能在家庭和工作中不造成裂痕。故选G。 【17题详解】 根据空前内容“Prepare yourself in your mind. Don’t let the fear of embarrassment defeat you in social settings. You can prepare yourself with some scenarios (设想).(在心理上做好准备。不要让对尴尬的恐惧在社交场合中击败你。你可以通过设想一些场景来为自己做好准备。)”可知，作者建议我们可以通过设想一些场景从而在心理上做好准备。选项F“In this way, you can ensure that you’re ready for any challenging situations.(这样，你可以确保自己准备好应对任何具有挑战性的情况。)”中的“in this way”指的正是上文提到的“You can prepare yourself with some scenarios”，内容上保持一致。故选F。 【18题详解】 空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“The way you think makes a strong influence on the way you feel. Understanding that you can control the way you think is an important step in defeating social anxiety. When thoughts like “I’m going to fail” come to your mind, try replacing them with more realistic and calmer thoughts. Try telling yourself that you are able and confident enough to fight those negative thoughts.(你的思维方式对你的感受有着强烈的影响。理解你可以控制自己的思维方式是击败社交焦虑的重要一步。当“我要失败了”这样的想法浮现在脑海中时，试着用更现实、更冷静的想法去取代它们。试着告诉自己，你有足够的能力和自信去对抗那些消极的想法。)”可知，作者在本段内容中建议读者 要有积极的态度来对抗消极的想法。选项A“Develop a positive attitude.(培养积极态度。)”是本段内容的概括。故选A。 【19题详解】 根据上文内容“It is good to talk about hot events. If you have a special interest, try to talk more about it so that beginners as wells as experts can understand you.(谈论热门事件是有益的。如果你有特别的兴趣，试着多谈谈它，以便初学者和专家都能理解你。)”可知，作者提议了一些可以谈的话题，比如热门事件或者自己感兴趣的事情。选项C“You can also collect amusing stories or jokes to tell.(你也可以收集有趣的故事或笑话来讲。)”与上文内容相符，指的都是我们可以谈论的一些话题。故选C。 20题详解】 根据空前内容“Practice distracting (分散) your attention. It will help you concentrate on something else when your anxiety starts to build up.(练习分散注意力。当你的焦虑开始累积时，它会帮助你专注于其他事情。)”可知，作者建议我们可以练习分散注意力从而专注于其他事情。选项D“You can start reading a book or get busy with a hobby.(你可以开始读一本书或忙于一个爱好。)”延续上文内容，建议我们可以读一本书或忙于一个爱好。同时，选项D中的“start”与空后“Then you will not get time to think about your worries and will feel confident talking about it. (然后你就没有时间去想你的担忧了，并且会自信地谈论它。)”中的“then”保持一致。故选D。 二、完形填空(1•15=15分) As a mother of three, I once led a routine life, wrapped in the safety of familiar patterns. Each day, emails, gym, shopping, dinner—a cycle that kept me ____21____. One fall morning, I was out on a routine walk with a trusted friend. She is independent and brave. I often asked her for ____22____. As we walked, I ____23____ the subject of fear. I told her that I felt ____24____, living a life of fear. I knew I was avoiding situations that pushed me out of my ____25____ but didn’t know how to be brave and branch out. The advice she gave me changed my life. “Start small,” she said. “Start today, do something everyday that ____26____ you.” Knowing that something in my life needed to ____27____, I took her advice and committed to ____28____ fear. It began with making conversation with strangers. I gave myself ____29____ to explore new opportunities. My work as a health coach usually _____30_____ home based sessions. When offered a school board presentation, my heart _____31_____. Every part of me wanted to decline the offer. _____32_____, I’d come to recognize those as signals not to shy away from but as a time to say yes to _____33_____, learning, and overcoming my own limitations. Years of practicing bravery have _____34_____ me into a stronger, more confident individual. For the first time, I feel truly brave, ready to embrace all the _____35_____ life has to offer. 21. A. easeful B. anxious C. amazed D. delighted 22. A. honor B. money C. information D. advice 23. A. researched B. mentioned C. expressed D. explained 24. A. ashamed B. abandoned C. trapped D. appreciated 25. A. safety rule B. bottom line C. comfort zone D. top secret 26. A. bored B. excited C. pleased D. terrified 27. A. shift B. prove C. save D. wait 28. A. embracing B. causing C. admitting D. canceling 29. A. creation B. permission C. imagination D. luck 30. A. received B. attracted C. avoided D. involved 31. A. beat B. raced C. fought D. stopped 32. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Besides D. However 33. A. ambition B. experience C. growth D. loneliness 34. A. transformed B. persuaded C. forced D. tricked 35. A. plans B. adventures C. signals D. efforts 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者身为三个孩子母亲，在朋友的建议下，通过逐步挑战自我、克服恐惧，最终转变为一个更强大、更自信的人。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每天，发邮件、去健身房、购物、吃晚餐 —— 这样一个循环让我过得很安逸。A. easeful安逸的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. amazed惊讶的；D. delighted高兴的。根据前文 “As a mother of three, I once led a routine life, wrapped in the safety of familiar patterns”可知上文说的是作为三个孩子的母亲，我曾经过着循规蹈矩的生活，被熟悉的模式所包裹，处于安全之中，可推理出这种按部就班的常规生活模式是比较安稳、舒适的，所以会让作者过得安逸。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她很独立勇敢，我经常向她征求建议。A. honor荣誉；B. money钱；C. information信息；D. advice建议。由后文“The advice she gave me changed my life” 可知下文说的是她给作者的建议改变了作者的生活，可推理出作者经常向这位朋友征求的是建议。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们散步时，我提到了恐惧这个话题。A. researched研究；B. mentioned提及；C. expressed表达；D. explained解释。根据下文“the subject of fear”可知下文提到了恐惧这个话题，可推理出作者接下来是在和朋友说关于自己恐惧的事情，所以这里是先提到了恐惧这个话题。故选B项。 24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我告诉她，我觉得自己被困在了恐惧的生活中。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. abandoned被抛弃的；C. trapped被困住的；D. appreciated被欣赏的。根据下文“living a life of fear”可知下文提到了过着恐惧的生活，可推断出作者觉得自己被困在了这种充满恐惧、不敢突破的生活状态里。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查名词短语辨析。句意：我知道我在回避那些把我推出舒适区的情况，但不知道如何变得勇敢并拓展自己。A. safety rule安全规则；B. bottom line底线；C. comfort zone舒适区；D. top secret绝密。根据上文“As a mother of three, I once led a routine life, wrapped in the safety of familiar patterns”可知作者一直处于熟悉、安逸的生活状态，也就是舒适区，回避那些会打破这种舒适的情况。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“从小事做起，” 她说，“从今天开始，每天做一些让你害怕的事情。”A. bored无聊的；B. excited兴奋的；C. pleased高兴的；D. terrified害怕的。根据下文“It began with making conversation with strangers”可知下文说的是与陌生人交谈，所以这里是说做一些会让自己害怕的事情来克服恐惧。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道我的生活需要做出改变，我接受了她的建议并致力于克服恐惧。A. shift改变；B. prove证明；C. save拯救；D. wait等待。根据下文“It began with making conversation with strangers”可知下文说的是与陌生人交谈，所以这里是知道生活需要做出改变来打破现状。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上7。A. embracing拥抱；B. causing导致；C. admitting承认；D. canceling取消。根据下文“It began with making conversation with strangers”可知下文说的是与陌生人交谈，可推理出这里指作者接受朋友建议后，要去面对恐惧，拥抱恐惧意味着不逃避，而是去积极应对它，A项“embracing 拥抱”表达的含义符合语境。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我允许自己去探索新的机会。A. creation创造；B. permission许可，允许；C. imagination想象；D. luck运气。根据下文“to explore new opportunities”可知下文说的是探索新机会，give oneself permission to do sth. 是固定短语，意为“允许自己做某事”，可推理出这里表示作者主动给自己许可去探索新机会，突破原来的状态。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我作为健康教练的工作通常涉及在家进行的课程。A. received收到；B. attracted吸引；C. avoided避免；D. involved涉及。根据下文“home based sessions”可知下文提到了在家进行的课程，可推理出这里是说作者的工作内容包含在家进行的课程相关事宜，involve 有涉及、包含的意思，符合语境。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当接到学校董事会的演讲邀请时，我的心跳加速。A. beat击打；B. raced快速跳动；C. fought战斗；D. stopped停止。根据下文“Every part of me wanted to decline the offer”可知下文说的是作者内心的每一个部分都想拒绝这个邀请，说明作者接到邀请时是很紧张的，心跳会加速，race可表示“（心脏因紧张等原因）快速跳动”，符合语境。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我已经认识到那些（紧张的反应）不是要让我回避的信号，而是要让我对成长、学习以及克服自身局限说“是”的时刻。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Besides此外；D. However然而。根据下文“I’d come to recognize those as signals not to shy away from but as a time to say yes”可知，前后句之间是转折关系。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同第12题。A. ambition 野心；B. experience 经历；C. growth 成长；D. loneliness 孤独。根据后文“learning, and overcoming my own limitations”可知下文提到了学习以及克服自身局限，这些都是和个人成长相关的方面，所以这里说的是对成长说“是”。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年的勇敢实践已经把我变成了一个更强大、更自信的人。A. transformed转变；B. persuaded说服；C. forced强迫；D. tricked欺骗。根据下文“into a stronger, more confident individual”可知下文说的是成为一个更强大、更自信的人，可知是作者经过多年实践有了很大的改变，transform有使转变、使改变的意思，符合语境。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我第一次真正感到勇敢，准备好迎接生活所提供的所有冒险。A. plans计划；B. adventures冒险；C. signals信号；D. efforts努力。根据上文“into a stronger, more confident individual”可知上文说的是成为一个更强大、更自信的人，可推理出此处指作者经过改变变得勇敢，不再局限于原来的常规生活，所以现在准备好迎接生活中各种不同的、可能带有挑战性的事情，也就是冒险。故选B项。 三、语法填空(25分) A 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Zenghouyi Chimes are an enormous musical instrument dating from China’s Warring States Period. This set of chimes is ____36____ (particular) large. Its frame is 7. 48 metres long and 2. 65 metres high with 65 bells ____37____ (suspend) from it. One characteristic that sets these chimes apart from others is that they can play not only the five-tone scale, but also the seven-tone scale. Their unique oval design ____38____ (mean) that each bell can produce two different tones ____39____ (depend) on where it is struck. This was a groundbreaking ____40____ (discover) for the study of ancient Chinese music because before the appearance of this instrument, people thought that Greece was ____41____ the seven-tone scale first appeared. The Zenghouyi Chimes have been played three times ____42____ the set was unearthed. The first time was in Wuhan, the year it was discovered. The second was at the National Museum of China in Beijing in 1979 to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the founding of our country. The third ____43____ (record) in 1997, which was then edited into a performance of symphonic music____44____ (mark) the return of Hong Kong to China. The Zenghouyi Chimes are _____45_____ genuine miracle not only because they inform us about the rituals and music of ancient China, but also because they demonstrate the highest level of bronze casting techniques. 【答案】36. particularly 37. suspended 38. means 39. depending 40. discovery 41. where 42. since 43. was recorded 44. to mark 45. a 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了曾侯乙编钟这一中国战国时期的大型乐器，包括其尺寸、特点、演奏历史以及它在研究中国古代音乐方面的重要性。 【36题详解】 考查副词。句意：这套编钟特别大。提示词修饰形容词large，用副词particularly作状语，意为“特别，尤其”。故填particularly。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它的框架长7.48米，高2.65米，有65个铃铛悬挂在上面。“with 65 bells (suspend) from it”是with复合结构作状语，suspend(悬挂)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语bells之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填suspended。 【38题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：它们独特的椭圆形设计意味着每个铃铛可以根据敲击的位置发出两种不同的音调。提示词mean(意味着)是谓语动词，与主语之间是主动关系，结合句意，本句陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时的主动语态，主语design是单数名词，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。故填means。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们独特的椭圆形设计意味着每个铃铛可以根据敲击的位置发出两种不同的音调。“(depend) on where it is struck”作状语，depend on(取决于)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语each bell之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动，作状语。故填depending。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：这对于研究中国古代音乐来说是一项开创性的发现，因为在这件乐器出现之前，人们认为希腊是七音阶首先出现的地方。提示词作表语，用名词discovery，意为“发现”，且前文有不定冠词a修饰，应用单数形式。故填discovery。 【41题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这对于研究中国古代音乐来说是一项开创性的发现，因为在这件乐器出现之前，人们认为希腊是七音阶首先出现的地方。分析句子结构可知，“_____ the seven-tone scale first appeared”为表语从句，结合句意，表示“希腊在这个地方出现”，从句中缺少地点状语，应用连接副词where引导该从句，并作地点状语。故填where。 【42题详解】 考查状语从句和连词。句意：自出土以来，曾侯乙编钟已经被演奏过三次。分析句子结构可知，此处应用连词连接两个句子，结合句意可知，此处表示“自从……以来”，应用since引导时间状语从句。故填since。 【43题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：第三次是在1997年录制的，后来被编辑成一场交响乐表演，以纪念香港回归中国。record(录制)是主句谓语动词，与主语The third之前是被动关系，根据时间状语in 1997可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数名词，谓语动词也应用单数形式。故填was recorded。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：第三次是在1997年录制的，后来被编辑成一场交响乐表演，以纪念香港回归中国。根据句意，“(mark) the return of Hong Kong to China”是“was then edited into a performance of symphonic music”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to mark。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：曾侯乙编钟是一个真正的奇迹，不仅因为它们让我们了解了古代中国的仪式和音乐，还因为它们展示了最高水平的青铜铸造技术。可数名词miracle在句中表示“一个奇迹”，泛指，且genuine是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wu Yanni, ___46___ young hurdler (跨栏运动员), has run into the hearts of Chinese people and became an internet hit. On Aug 4,2023, Wu won the silver medal with a personal best of 12.76 seconds in the women’s 100m hurdles at the FISU World University Games, ___47___ (help) her get into the Paris Olympics in 2024. Despite her athletic achievements, some online comments moved to ___48___ (she) style. Wu wears light makeup and ties her hair into small twist braids, unlike ___49___ (tradition) image of athletes. In response to this, however, Wu told CGTN that she believes “it is my muscles ___50___ make me widely known, not my face. As an athlete, Wu looks much more at ease than many of her peers and becomes ___51___ (strong) when facing challenges. Before each competition, she ___52___ (see) turning her head around and pointing her index fingers at the sky. She explained that it was ___53___ (show) her ambition for the coming Paris Olympics. Wu told China Daily that she got inspiration ___54___ Liu Xiang. She said, “I want Chinese female hurdlers to receive more international ___55___ (recognise),” she emphasized. 【答案】46. a 47. helping 48. her 49. traditional 50 that 51. stronger 52. was seen 53. to show 54. from 55. recognition 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是中国女子跨栏运动员——吴燕妮。 【46题详解】 考查冠词。句意：吴燕妮，一个年轻的跨栏运动员，已经进入了中国人的心，成为了网络红人。此空所在的短语为同位语对Wu Yanni进行解释，hurdler为可数名词单数，其前无限定词，此处泛指“一个年轻的跨栏运动员”，所以使用不定冠词，young以辅音音素开头。故填a。 【47题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2023年8月4日，在FISU世界大学生运动会女子100米栏比赛中，吴燕妮以12.76秒的个人最好成绩获得银牌，帮助她进入2024年巴黎奥运会。句子谓语动词是won，空格处为非谓语动词，表示自然而然的结果，应使用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填helping。 【48题详解】 考查代词。句意：尽管她在运动方面取得了成就，但一些网上评论转向了她的风格。空后为名词style，所以此处应为形容词性物主代词，she的形容词性物主代词为her。故填her。 【49题详解】 考查形容词。句意：吴化着淡妆，把头发扎成小麻花辫，与传统的运动员形象不同。空格处为形容词作定语修饰名词image，tradition的形容词为traditional，意为“传统的”，符合句意。故填traditional。 【50题详解】 考查强调句型。句意：对此，吴在接受中国国际电视台采访时表示，她认为“是我的肌肉让我广为人知，而不是我的脸。”此处为强调句型“it is+被强调部分+that+其它”结构，强调的是句子主语my muscles，所以此处应为that。故填that。 【51题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：作为一名运动员，吴燕妮看起来比她的许多同龄人更轻松，在面对挑战时变得更强大。空格处为形容词作表语，根据句意和上文中的“much more at ease”可知，此处应使用形容词的比较级，表示在面对挑战时，她变得“更强大”，符合语境。故填stronger。 【52题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：每次比赛前，她都会被看见转头，用食指指着天空。空格处为谓语动词，根据时间状语Before each competition可知，此处讲述是过去发生的事情，所以此处使用一般过去时，see与句子主语she之间为被动关系，且she为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was seen。 【53题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：她解释说，这是为了展示她对即将到来的巴黎奥运会的雄心。空处动词show与其逻辑主语it之间是主动关系，应用不定式形式作表语，不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。故填to show。 【54题详解】 考查介词。句意：吴告诉《中国日报》，她从刘翔那里获得了灵感。根据句意可知，此处表示“从……中获得灵感”，应用介词from。故填from。 【55题详解】 考查名词。句意：她说：“我希望中国女跨栏运动员能获得更多的国际认可。”她强调。空处作动词receive的宾语，应用名词形式recognition“认可”。故填recognition。 四、选词填空(1•10=10分) 选词填空 lie in take on come between him and his running bring out in full measure back down eat away at think through reach across the table live up to her parents’ expectation 56. His daughter, a pet trainer, ________ dog’s great potential. 57. If neither side ________, family tensions wouldn’t be avoided. 58. You have to ________ what might happen before you make a decision. 59. This kind of animal can ________ the colors of its environment to protect itself. 60. The villagers returned volunteers’ help ________ and took out all the food they had. 61 The magic of blind boxes ________ their uncertainty with their uniform packaging. 62. Don’t________ in front of others to get something. 63. The sportsman never lets anything ________ in the evening. 64. Too many failures ________ his confidence eventually. 65. She was sad that she failed ________. 【答案】56. brings out 57. backed down 58. think through 59. take on 60. in full measure 61. lies in 62. reach across the table 63. come between him and his running 64. ate away at 65. to live up to her parents’ expectations 【解析】 【56题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：他的女儿是一名宠物训练师，能激发出狗狗的巨大潜力。根据上文His daughter，a pet trainer可知，此处指女儿能激发狗狗的潜力，空格处意为“激发”，英语表达为bring out，动词短语作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，主语为His daughter，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填brings out。 【57题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：如果双方都不退让，家庭矛盾就无法避免。表示“退让”用back down，动词短语作谓语，根据下文“wouldn’t be avoided”可知，此处构成对现在的虚拟故使用一般过去时，故填backed down。 【58题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：在做决定之前，你必须仔细考虑可能发生的事情。根据下文可知，此处指在做决定前要考虑好，表示“仔细考虑”用think through，动词短语作谓语，have to后跟动词原形，故填think through。 【59题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：这种动物能呈现出与周围环境相符的颜色来保护自己。根据下文可知，此处指这种动物能根据环境改变颜色，表示“呈现”用take on，can后跟动词原形，故填take on。 【60题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：村民们以最大的努力回报志愿者的帮助，并拿出了他们所有的食物。此处指村民们以最大的努力回报志愿者的帮助，表示“充分地”用in full measure，介词短语作状语，故填in full measure。 【61题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：盲盒的魅力在于它们统一的包装带来的不确定性。此处指盲盒的魅力在于不确定性，表示“在于”用lie in，句子描述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为The magic，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填lies in。 【62题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：不要伸手向别人要东西。此处指不要伸手向别人要东西，表示“伸手”用reach across the table，动词短语作谓语，don’t后跟动词原形，故填reach across the table。 【63题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：这位运动员晚上决不让任何事情打扰他跑步。此处指晚上不让任何事情打扰跑步，空格处意为“阻碍”，英语表达为come between sb. and sth.，动词短语作宾语补足语，let后跟动词原形，故填come between him and his running。 【64题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：太多的失败最终侵蚀了他的信心。此处指太多的失败最终侵蚀了他的信心，空格处意为“逐渐削弱”，英语表达为eat away at，根据下文eventually可知，此处用一般过去时，故填ate away at。 【65题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：她很伤心，因为她没有达到父母的期望。此处指没有达到父母的期望，设空处应该填写“达到父母的期望”的短语，英语表达为live up to，fail后跟动词不定式，且此处指“她”没有达到父母的期望，用her修饰名词短语parents’ expectations，故填to live up to her parents’ expectations。 五、书信写作(20分) 66. 亲子沟通是家庭生活的一大主题。日前，你校英语俱乐部即将举行英语演讲比赛，本届话题为“How can we better get along with our parents?”。请你就此话题发表自己的看法，写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1.表明观点： 2.陈述理由： 3.总结发言。 注意： 1.词数80个左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 How Can We Better Get Along with Our Parents? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 How Can We Better Get Along with Our Parents? In my opinion, communication is the key to getting along well with our parents. Firstly, we should respect our parents and listen to their advice. They have more life experience and their guidance can be valuable. Secondly, we should express our thoughts and feelings openly. By sharing our ideas, we can help our parents understand us better. Lastly, spending quality time together can strengthen our bond. Engaging in activities we both enjoy can create lasting memories and foster a closer relationship. In conclusion, by respecting, communicating, and spending time together, we can build a stronger and more harmonious relationship with our parents. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇发言稿，要求考生就亲子沟通的话题写一篇作文，考生应该囊括文章要求的三个要点，并且补充合适细节。 【详解】1. 词汇积累： 尊重：respect→esteem, honor 建议：advice→counsel, guidance 理解：understand→comprehend, grasp 关系：relationship→connection, bond 2. 句式拓展： 简单句变复合句句 原句：Firstly, we should respect our parents and listen to their advice. 拓展句：Firstly, we should respect our parents whose advice should be listened. 【点睛】【高级句型1】Lastly, spending quality time together can strengthen our bond.（动名词短语作主语） 【高级句型2】Engaging in activities we both enjoy can create lasting memories and foster a closer relationship.（动名词短语作主语，省略关系代词的定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$