Unit 4 Life on Mars（知识清单）英语牛津译林版九年级下册

Module2 Unit4 Life on Mars Unit4 核心话题 “火星上的生活” 重点词汇 1. polluted adj.被污染的 →pollute vt.污染，弄脏 →polluter n.污染源;污染者 →pollution [U] n.污染;污染物 2. rapid adj.快的,迅速的 →rapidly adv.迅速地，很快地；快地，迅速地 3. uncomfortable adj.使人不舒服的;不舒适的→(反义词)comfortable adj.舒适的, 使人舒服的→comfortably adv.舒服地，安逸地 4. tasty adj.味道好的 →taste v.品尝,尝起来 linking v. 尝起来；有……的味道 →taste n.品尝;味道 5.specially adv.专门地，特地→special adj.特殊的，特别的→especially adv. 尤其 6.challenging adj.挑战性的 →challenge [C] n.挑战 →challenge v.挑战 7.aware adj.知道，意识到 →awareness n.认识，意识 8.agreement [U] n.一致，同意； [C] n. 协议，协定 →(反义词) disagreement →agree vi.&vt. 同意;承认;应允→(反义词) disagree v.不同意，持不同意见，有分歧 9. possibility n.可能性 →possible adj.可能的 →(反义词)impossible adj.不可能的 →possibly adv.可能,可能地;或许;尽可能地 10. stranger [C] n.外来者,陌生人；外地人,异乡人→strange adj.陌生的;奇怪的 →strangely adv.奇怪地，奇妙地 11. disadvantage n. 劣势，缺点，不利条件 →(反义词)advantage n.优势，有利条件 12. risk n.风险,危险 →(近义词)danger n.危险 →(反义词)safety n.安全 →risk vt.冒......的危险 →risky adj.有危险的 13.electronic adj.电子的；电的，用电的 →electricity [U] n. 电，电能 14.entertainment n.娱乐；款待，招待 重点短语 1.think about 思考，考虑 2.travel into space 到太空旅游 3.on Mars 在火星上 4.get to = arrive in/at =reach 到达 5.find out 找出；弄清；发现；查明 6.a guide to living on Mars 火星生活指南 7.dream about/of doing sth. 梦想做某事8.air tank 氧气管 9.dried food 干粮，压缩食品 10.sleeping bag 睡袋 11.power pack 电源包 12.discuss with sb. 和某人讨论 13.live on Mars 住在火星上 14.at present 现在，目前 15.with the development of… 随着……的发展 16.in the form of... 以......的形式 17.compare ......to/with ... 与......相比 18.so that 以便 19.a second time 又一次 20.be full of = be filled with 充满...... 21.increase rapidly 迅速地增长 22.move to sp. 移居/搬往某地 23.be aware of 知道 24.be in agreement 意见一致 25.be similar to 与……相似 26.in no doubt 毫无疑问 27.carry out 开展；执行 28.move away from 离开……，搬离..... 29.be worth (doing) sth. 值得(做)某事 30.after all 毕竟；终究 31.keep a diary/diaries 记日记 32.try to do sth. 尽力做某事 33.a guide to living on Mars 火星生活指南 34.visit the two moons 参观两颗卫星 重点句型 1.Wow,I've never thought about travelling into space. 哇，我从未想过到太空旅行。 2.How do you like life on Mars? 你觉得火星上的生活怎么样? 3.What would it be like to live on Mars? 住在火星上将会是什么样子呢? 4.Compared with life on the Earth,life on Mars would be better in some ways. 与地球上的生活相比，火星上的生活在某些方面要好些。 5. Life on Mars would be interesting as well as challenging. 火星上的生活不仅有挑战性，还很有趣。 6. It takes Mars about two Earth years to circle around the Sun once. 火星绕太阳一周大约需要两个地球年的时间。 7. Here is a guide to living on Mars in the future. 这是将来在火星上生活的指南。 语法 复合句转化为简单句 写作 在火星上生活指南 考点1.think about 考虑 [教材原句]This is a big issue ; we need more time to think about it. 这是个重大问题，我们需要花较多的时间考虑。 [拓展] 含有think的其他短语： think highly of 对……高度评价　 think little of 轻视……；对……不假思索 [辨析]think of；think about；think over (1) think of意为“考虑到、想到”，后常接代词、名词或动词-ing形式 I often think about my friends back home. 我常常想起老家的朋友。 (2)think about可接名词、动词-ing形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句，表示“考虑……”。 Don't rush me. I need time to think about it. 别催我。我需要时间考虑一下。 (3)think over意为“仔细考虑”，后接名词或代词作宾语。当后接代词时，应把代词放在over之前。 We must think over what he said. 我们必须仔细思考他说的话。 【经典练】 1．I ________ about my roommate when my phone rang. It was him! A．think B．will think C．was thinking D．am thinking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我正在想着我的室友，这时电话响了。是他！考查时态。根据“when my phone rang”可知，电话响时我正在想我的室友；表示过去某一刻正在做某事，用过去进行时，结构为was/were doing；主语为I，应用was。故选C。 2．—Chinese New Year’s Day is coming next month. Let’s ________ some gifts for our children. —I think red packets (红包) are better to wish them good luck. A．play with B．ask for C．think about D．look at 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——下个月就是中国的新年了。让我们想想给孩子们买些礼物吧。——我觉得给他们发红包更好，这是祝他们好运。考查动词短语。play with和……一起玩；ask for请求；think about考虑；look at看。根据“I think red packets (红包) are better to wish them good luck.”可知前文说的是考虑给孩子们买礼物。故选C。 3．—Jane, what did Tom say just now? —Sorry, I don’t know. I ________ the math problem. A．thought about B．think about C．was thinking about D．thinking about 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——简，刚才汤姆说什么了？——对不起。我不知道。我在想数学题。考查过去进行时。thought about一般过去时；think about一般现在时；was thinking about过去进行时；thinking about动名词。根据“what did Tom say just now?”可知，思考发生在汤姆说话的时候，即在过去某个时刻正发生的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。 考点2.neither adv.也不 —I can't swim. 我不会游泳。—Me either. 我也不会。 —I don't want to go shopping. 我不想去购物。—Me neither. 我也不想。 (1)neither用作形容词，后接名词单数，意为“（两者中）没有一个” Neither book was very interesting. 两本书都不是很有趣。 (2)neither用作代词，后接“of+名词”Neither of us felt like going out. 我们两个都不愿意出去。 (3)neither用作连词，常与nor连用，构成neither…nor…结构，意为“既不……也不……”，连接同等的句子成分。当连接主语时，动词与靠近它的主语一致。 Neither he nor I like coffee. 我和他都不喜欢咖啡。 【经典练】 1．—My parents never ________ me to hang out with my friends at night. —________ do mine! But I think they are just worried about our safety. A．allow; Neither B．agree; So C．allow; So D．agree; Neither 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我父母从来不允许我晚上和朋友出去玩。——我父母也不允许！但我认为他们只是担心我们的安全。考查动词短语、动词词义辨析和倒装句。allow允许；Neither也不；agree同意；So同样，因此，如此。固定短语allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。根据“…do mine!”可知，是部分倒装句，此句表示“我父母也不允许”，表示否定，用Neither +助动词/情态动词+主语。表示同一事情也不适用于另一个人。故选A。 2．— What would you like, coffee or tea? — ________. Just water, please. A．Neither B．Both C．Either D．None 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你想要什么，咖啡还是茶?——两者都不要，只要水。考查不定代词。Neither两者都不；Both两者都；Either或者，用于两者中的任何一个；None没有一个，用于三者或三者以上。根据上文“What would you like, coffee or tea?”及空后的“Just water, please.”可知，此处指咖啡和茶都不要。故选A。 3．—Can I come this weekend or next weekend? —_________ is OK. I am busy all these days. A．Neither B．None C．Either D．Both 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我这周末或下周末能来吗？——都不行。这些天我很忙。考查代词辨析。Neither两者都不；None三者及以上都不；Either两者之一；Both两者都。根据“this weekend or next weekend”以及“I am busy all these days”可知，两个时间都不行，故选A。 考点3.thought [教材原句]I thought you liked Mars. 我原以为你喜欢火星。 英语中表示过去曾经有某种想法，但事实上并非如此，即“我原以为/原想……”之类的概念时，常用“I thought…”，此时宾语从句要用过去的某种时态。 I thought they were interested in this book. (1)“I think…”是指现在这样认为I think you should think it over. (2)含有think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等动词的宾语从句的否定句应将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式，从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。 I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。 (1)否定转移的反意疑问句应与从句的主语与时态保持一致。I don't think Kate can sing, can she? (2)若谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病。 【经典练】 1．Many of Lu Xun’s works make people ________ about others in the world. A．think B．thought C．thinking D．to think 【答案】A 【详解】句意：鲁迅的许多作品都让人们思考世界上的其他人。考查动词形式。make sb do sth“让某人做某事”，故选A。 2．—________ Black Myth: Wu Kong? —Perfect! It’s a milestone (里程碑) of Chinese games. A．What do you think of B．Why do you like C．What do you like about D．Where do you play 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你认为《黑神话悟空》怎么样？——完美！它是中国游戏的里程碑。考查情景交际。What do you think of你认为……怎么样，用来询问对方的看法或评价；Why do you like你为什么喜欢，问的是原因；What do you like about你喜欢……的什么，问的是特点；Where do you play你在哪里玩，问的是地点。根据“Perfect!”可知，是在给出评价，故选A。 3．—I don’t like the short story The gifts. I think it’s out of date. —I’m sorry, but ________. Although it may be old, I still think it’s a moving story. A．that’s right B．I don’t think so C．I couldn’t agree more D．it doesn’t matter 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我不喜欢短篇小说《礼物》。我觉得它过时了。——对不起，但我不这么认为。虽然故事可能有点老，我仍然认为这是一个感人的故事。考查情景交际。that’s right这是正确的；I don’t think so我不这样认为；I couldn’t agree more我完全同意；it doesn’t matter没关系。根据“Although it may be old, I still think it’s a moving story.”可知，此处表示不同意上句的观点。故选B。 考点4.more and more crowded 越来越拥挤 在英语中，常用“(单音节)形容词或副词的比较级＋and＋(单音节)形容词或副词的比较级”或“more and more＋(多音节)形容词或副词的原级”表示“越来越.......”。 “less and less＋不可数名词”和“fewer and fewer＋复数可数名词”意为“越来越少的……”； “more and more＋复数可数名词或不可数名词” 意为“越来越多的……”。 “the＋形容词或副词的比较级＋陈述句， the＋形容词或副词的比较级＋陈述句”，意为“越……，越……” Generally speaking, the more you pay, the more you get. 一般来说，花钱多，买的东西就多。 【经典练】 1．The number of children who lost their lives in The Israeli Palestinian Conflict ________ getting ________. The first problem is how to stop the war. A．is; more and more. B．is; larger and larger C．are; fewer and fewer D．are; smaller and smaller 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在以巴冲突中丧生的儿童人数越来越多。首要问题是如何停止战争。考查主谓一致和形容词辨析。more更多，many/much的比较级；larger更大，large的比较级；fewer更少，few的比较级；smaller更小，small的比较级。The number of“……的数量”作主语时谓语用单数形式，排除C和D；表示数量的大小用形容词large。故选B。 2．The park is getting ________ because more kinds of flowersare planted every year. A．more and more beautiful B．more beautiful and more beautiful C．less beautiful D．more and more 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个公园变得越来越美丽，因为每年都种植更多种类的花。考查形容词比较级用法。more and more beautiful越来越美丽；more beautiful and more beautiful错误表达；less beautiful没那么美丽；more and more越来越多。根据“because more kinds of flowers are planted every year”可知，公园变得越来越美丽，故选A。 考点5.large numbers of large numbers of 表示“许多，大量的”，相当于a large number of。a number of 意为“许多……”， 修饰可数名词复数。做主语时，谓语动词用复数。number 前可用large，small等修饰，以表示程度。 例如： Large numbers of students are playing games together. 许多学生正在一起玩儿游戏。 A number of villagers are planting trees on the hill. 许多村民正在山上植树。 【经典练】 1．The Great Wall runs for over 6,000 km ________ northern China, ________ watchtowers. A．across; with a good deal of B．along; having a number of C．across; with a large number of D．along; with large numbers of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：长城在中国北部地区绵延六千多公里，有着大量的瞭望塔。考查介词和形容词词组。across横跨；along沿着……；a great deal of大量的，后接不可数名词；a number of大量的，后接复数名词；a large number of后接复数名词，表示“大量的”；large numbers of大量的，数目很多的；with介词，有……；having现在分词，有……。由语境可知，空格一处表示“横跨中国北部”，应用介词across，排除BD；watchtowers是可数名词复数，不能用a good deal of，排除A。故选C。 2．Our teachers often give us ________ advice when we are in trouble. A．a large amount of B．a few C．many D．a large number of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在我们遇到麻烦时，我们的老师经常给我们很多建议。考查形容词短语。a large amount of大量，修饰不可数名词；a few一些，修饰可数名词；many很多，修饰可数名词；a large number of很多的，修饰可数名词。advice是不可数名词，故用a large amount of修饰。故选A。 考点6.might modal v．可能，或许 might 是情态动词，意为“可能，或许”，表示可能性较小的推测。 must, may, might与can表示推测的用法： (1)must表示可能性最大的推测，意为“一定”，通常只用于肯定句。 She didn't come to school. She must be ill. (2)may 表示可能性较小的推测，意为“可能”，通常用于肯定句或否定句。 It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能下雨。 He may not come tonight. 今晚他可能不来。 (3)might表示可能性最小的推测，意为“可能”， 通常用于肯定句或否定句。 He might arrive on time. I know Kate doesn't like the job, but I might not find it too bad. (4)can表推测时通常用于否定句或疑问句，can't 意为“不可能，一定不”。 【经典练】 1．— Look at this pink water bottle. ________ it be Lily’s? — It ________ be hers. She does seem scatterbrained sometimes. A．May; might B．Can; can C．Can; might D．May; can 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 看这个粉红色的水瓶。可能是莉莉的吗？ —— 可能是她的。她有时候看起来确实有点健忘。考查情态动词表推测。may可能，常用于肯定句；might可能，可能性比may低，常用于肯定句；can可能，常用于否定和疑问。分析句型可知，第一空是疑问句，第二空是肯定句。故选C。 2．Don’t run too fast, Jack. You _______ fall and hurt your knees. A．might B．must C．need D．should 【答案】A 【详解】句意：杰克，不要跑的太快。你可能摔倒并伤到膝盖。考查情态动词辨析。might可能；must必须；need需要；should应该。根据“Don’t run too fast, Jack. You…fall and hurt your knees.”可知，此处应用might表示一种可能性或假设性的情况，即警告杰克有可能会摔倒并伤到膝盖，而不是断定他一定会如此。故选A。 考点7.carry out 开展；执行 carry out为动词短语，意为“开展；执行 ”。 含有out的常用短语： put out扑灭 go out出去 run out用完，耗尽 set out出发；开始 look out留神，当心 find out查明；弄清楚 give out 分发 work out 解决；算出 be tired out筋疲力尽 turn out原来是，结果是break out 爆发 come out 出来；出版；发行 hand out 分发 sell out 卖完 help out 帮助克服困难　　 take out 拿出，取出 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of control失去控制；无法管理 【经典练】 1．—School violence(暴力)has appeared in some schools recently. —So it has. Luckily our government has ________ some policies to stop it. A．carried out B．taken out C．come out 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——最近一些学校里出现了校园暴力。——的确是。幸运地是，政府已经实行了一些政策阻止它。考查动词短语辨析。carried out执行；taken out取出；come out出来。根据“Luckily our government has…some policies to stop it.”可知，是政府实行了政策。故选A。 2．Judy is such a confident girl that she believes she can ________ the hard task if she tries her best. A．carry out B．turn out C．pick out D．break out 【答案】A 【详解】句意：朱迪是一个非常自信的女孩，她相信只要她努力，就能完成这项艰巨的任务。考查动词短语。carry out执行,完成；turn out结果是；pick out挑选出；break out爆发。根据“Judy is such a confident girl”可知朱迪很自信，因此此处表示可以完成任务。故选A。 考点8.start with 从……开始 start with意为“从……开始”，和begin with同义。 含有with的常用短语和句型： agree with sb同意某人的看法 be strict with sb对某人要求严格 come up with想出(主意) connect to/with与……相连；连接deal with处理；对付 fall in love with sb爱上某人 fill…with…用……填充……get along/on with 与……相处 have something/nothing to do with与……有关/无关 help sb with sth在某方面帮助某人make friends with 与……交朋友 share sth with sb与某人合用/分享某物 be angry with sb 生某人的气 be satisfied with 对……满意 be bored with 对……厌烦 be familiar with 对……熟悉keep in touch with 与……保持联系be busy with 忙于…… 【经典练】 1．I like spring, because everything in the spring recovery. There is a saying that “______”. A．A year’s plan starts with spring. B．No pain, no gain. C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Every dog has its day. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我喜欢春天，因为万物在春天复苏。俗话说“一年之计在于春”。考查常识和习语。A year’s plan starts with spring一年之计在于春；No pain, no gain一分耕耘，一分收获；A friend in need is a friend indeed患难见真情；Every dog has its day凡人皆有出头日。根据“I like spring, because everything in the spring recovery.”可知，春天万物复述，与之对应的习语应是“一年之计在于春”。故选A。 2．It’s a good idea ________ an English song at the party. A．to start B．to start with C．ask for D．to begin 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在聚会上以一首英文歌开始，是个好主意。考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。start开始；start with以……为开始；ask for要求；begin开始。it is+名词+to do sth“做某事是”，是固定句式，空格处应用不定式，排除C项；根据“…an English song”可知是以一首歌开始，应用动词短语start with。故选B。 考点9.be afraid of 害怕…… be afraid of意为“害怕”，后接名词、代词或动名词，重点在“害怕”上；be afraid to do sth意为“(因为害怕而)不敢做某事”，重点在“不敢”。 (1)“I'm afraid＋(that)从句”意为“恐怕……”，主要用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。 I'm afraid (that) I can't stay. 恐怕我不能留下。 (2)I'm afraid 之后还可接 so 或 not，表示前面所提到的情况，表肯定时用 so，表否定时用 not。 —Will he come today? 他今天会来吗？—I'm afraid not. 恐怕不会。 —Is she very ill？她病得很厉害吗？—I'm afraid so. 恐怕是的。 【经典练】 1．Don’t be afraid of ________ mistakes when you speak English. A．taking B．doing C．making D．offering 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当你说英语的时候，不要害怕犯错。考查动词辨析。take拿；do做；make制造；offer提供。make mistakes犯错误，固定短语。故选C。 2．She used to ________ the dog and ________ play with it. A．was afraid of; be afraid to B．be afraid of; was afraid to C．be afraid to; be afraid to D．was afraid to; be afraid to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她过去害怕那条狗，害怕和它玩。考查固定短语及动词时态。used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”；be afraid of sth.“害怕某物”；be afraid to do sth.“害怕做某事”。由“She used to…the dog”可知，此处指她过去害怕狗，故用短语be afraid of的原形；由“…play with it”可知，此处指她害怕和狗玩，应用短语be afraid to do sth，又因本句为一般过去时，主语she为第三人称单数，故用be动词was，即was afraid to。故选B。 考点10.after all 毕竟 含有all的常用短语： first of all首先　　　　　　not…at all一点儿也不in all总共 above all首要的是 all right 行，可以 all over 遍及all the time 一直，总是 【经典练】 1．All of us can’t avoid making mistakes. ________, nobody is perfect. A．At first B．All of a sudden C．After all 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们所有人都无法避免犯错误。毕竟，人无完人。考查介词短语。At first首先；All of a sudden突然；After all毕竟。根据“nobody is perfect”可知，毕竟人无完人，因此所有人都无法避免犯错误。故选C。 2．—I think it would be safe to live on Mars. —I agree. ________, we have already been to the moon. A．After all B．First of all C．In all D．Above all 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我认为在火星上生活是安全的。——我同意。毕竟，我们已经去过月球了。考查短语辨析。After all毕竟；First of all 首先；In all总共；About all首先。根据“we have already been to the moon”，可知月球上是安全的，解释说明火星上可能也是安全的。After all用于解释或说明理由，提醒对方想到某一点。故选A。 考点11.have been to [教材原句]After all, humans have already been to the Moon. have been to, have gone to与have been in 含有have been的常用短语： have been on已经在上映 have been over已经结束 have been away from已经离开…… 【经典练】 1．—Has your brother ever been to Russia? —Yes. ________ A．So have I. B．So I have. C．So do I. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你兄弟去过俄罗斯吗？——是的，我也去过。考查倒装句。So have I.我也是，助动词用have，倒装句。So I have.我也是。So do I.我也是，助动词用do，倒装句。根据问句“Have your parents been to Russia?”可知，现在完成时提问，助动词用have。答为so引导的倒装句，意为“A如此，B也如此。”其结构是so+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，其中系动词/助动词/情态动词必须与上句中的谓语动词保持时态一致，本题时态为现在完成时，主语是I，其助动词用have，故回答为So have I，故选A。 2．—Have you ________ to Hawaii? —Yes. I ________ there last Spring. A．been; have been B．gone; went C．gone; have been D．been; went 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你去过夏威夷吗？——是的。我去年春天去过那里。考查现在完成时和一般过去时。have been to sp.去过某地；have gone to sp.去了某地；went去，为go的过去式。根据“Have you…to Hawaii?”可知，此处是询问对方是否去过夏威夷，是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，应用have been to sp.“去过某地”，第一个空应填been；根据“last Spring”可知，句子应用一般过去时，I作主语，谓语动词应用动词的过去式，第二个空应用went。故选D。 3．—I didn’t see you the whole summer holiday. —I ________ Yunnan on August 2nd. I ________ there for two weeks. A．went to; have been B．have gone; have been C．have been; have gone 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——整个暑假都没见到你。——8月2日去了云南。我已经在那里呆了两周了。考查一般过去时和现在完成时。根据时间状语“on August 2nd”以及上文可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应该用一般过去时，谓语动词用动词过去式went to；再由“for two weeks”可知，空处应该用现在完成时延续性动词。故选A。 考点12.feel like 感觉像；想要 feel like意为“感觉像；想要”，后可接名词、代词、动名词或句子。 表示“想要做某事”的其他结构： (1)would like to do sth (2)want to do sth 【经典练】 1．Kate feels terrible. She doesn’t feel like _________. A．to eat anything B．eating anything C．anything to eat 【答案】B 【详解】句意：凯特感觉很糟糕。她不想吃任何东西。考查动词短语。根据“Kate feels terrible. ”可知，她不想吃任何东西，fell like doing sth.“想要做某事”，此处要用动名词形式。故选B。 2．—What do you plan to do this weekend? —I don’t ________ having a trip. I ________ to stay at home. A．feel like; would like B．sound like; would like C．feel like; look like D．sound like; feel like 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这个周末你打算做什么？——我不想去旅行。我想待在家里。考查动词短语。feel like doing sth.想要做某事；would like to do sth.想要做某事；sound like听起来像；look like看起来像。根据“having a trip. I...to stay at home”可知是不想去旅行，想待在家里，第一个空用feel like，第二个空用would like。故选A。 3．—Mom, I don’t feel like ________ anything today. —You’d better ________ to see a doctor at once. A．to eat; go B．eating; go C．eating; to go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我今天不想吃任何东西。——你最好立刻去看医生。考查非谓语动词。第一空，feel like后接动名词形式，表示“想要做某事”，固定搭配，所以此处用eating；第二空，had better后接动词原形，表示“最好做某事”，固定搭配，所以此处用go。综上所述，本题答案是B。故选B。 考点13.prefer v. 宁愿；更喜欢 (1)prefer+名词/动名词+to+名词/动名词，意为“与…相比更喜欢…” I much prefer jazz to rock music. 我喜欢爵士乐远胜过摇滚乐。 I prefer walking to climbing. 我喜欢散步多于喜欢爬山。 (2)prefer to do sth./prefer doing sth.，意为“更喜欢…” I prefer reading non-fiction. 我喜欢看纪实作品。 I prefer to think of peace not war. 我更喜欢思考和平而不是战争。 (3)prefer to do ...rather than do...，意为“宁愿做…而不是做……” I prefer to do English homework first rather than do maths homework. 我宁愿先做英语作业，然后再做数学作业。 【经典练】 1．—Do you prefer ________ basketball with me this afternoon? —No, I would rather ________ at home and read some books. A．play; stay B．play; to stay C．to play; stay D．to play; to stay 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——今天下午你愿意和我一起打篮球吗？——不，我宁愿待在家里读一些书。 考查固定词组。prefer后接动词时，后可用不定式或动名词，表示一般情况用动名词，这里表示特定动作用动词不定式。prefer to do sth.“更喜欢做某事”；would rather do sth.“宁愿做某事”，动词短语。故选C。 2．He prefers ________ books to ________ to music. A．reading; listening B．read; listen C．reading; listen D．read; listening 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他更喜欢读书而不是听音乐。考查非谓语动词。prefer doing A to doing B“比起做B，更喜欢做A” ，两个空均使用动名词形式。故选A。 考点14.instead adv.代替；反而 instead，意为“代替；反而”，往往位于句子开头或句子末尾。 I'll tell you what—let's stay in instead. 听我说，咱们还是待在家里吧。 instead of ，意为“代替；而不是”，表示前者代替后者，并带有否定后者的含义。 instead of后可接名词、代词或动名词。 Now I can walk to work instead of going by car. 现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。 【经典练】 1．—Why was your uncle so unhappy? —My cousin didn’t become a doctor on his advice. __________, he decided to go to a drama college. A．Instead B．Otherwise C．However D．Moreover 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你舅舅为什么这么不高兴？ ——我的表弟没有听从他的建议去当医生。相反，他决定去一所戏剧学院。考查副词辨析。Instead而不是；Otherwise否则；However然而；Moreover而且。根据下文“he decided to go to a drama college.”可知，此处是指表弟决定去上戏剧学院而不是去当医生，这里用Instead。故选A。 2．I’ll go to Shanghai ________ to Beijing. A．instead go B．instead of going C．instead going D．instead of go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我将去上海而不是去北京。考查instead of的用法。instead of “代替，而不是……”，后面接动名词。本句指的是而不是去北京，因此为instead of going to Beijing。故选B。 考点15.make They make us feel like we are really inside the games! make sb do sth意为“使某人做某事”，make为使役动词，意为“使；让”，后面只能跟省略to的动词不定式，即动词原形，作宾语补足语，但是当用于被动语态时，to不能省略。有类似用法的单词还有let(让), have(让)等。 He made me laugh.他使我发笑。I let him go.我让他走了。 Please have him come here. 请让他到这里来。 【经典练】 1．—Mum wants to make short videos about her cooking. Can you help her? —Yes, it’s easy. I will show her ________. A．what to make one B．where to make one C．how to make one D．when to make one 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈想制作关于她烹饪的短视频。你能帮助她吗？——是的，很容易。我会教她怎么做。考查疑问词+不定式。what什么；where在哪里；how如何；when什么时候。根据“Mum wants to make short videos about her cooking. Can you help her?”可知，应是教她怎么做短视频，故选C。 2．This book makes me _________ all the time. I want to read it again. A．laugh B．laughing C．to laugh D．to laughing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这本书总是让我笑。我想再读一遍。考查非谓语动词。根据“This book makes me…all the time”可知，动词make后接不带“to”的不定式，故选A。 3．School uniforms (校服) usually make students ________ smart. A．looking B．to look C．look D．looks 【答案】C 【详解】句意：校服通常使学生们看起来整洁。考查非谓语动词。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，空处用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。 一．语法精讲——复合句转化为简单句 状语从句与简单句之间的转换 【用法详解】 在英语中，我们可以用at the age of, because of, without / with等介词短语，将含有状语从句的复合句改为 简单句。转换时，要注意时态和意思的一致性和准确性。 1. He learnt to swim when he was eight years old. 他八岁时，学会了游泳。 = He learnt to swim at the age of eight. 2.He did not attend the meeting because he was on a business trip. 他没有参加会议，是因为他在出差。 = He did not attend the meeting because of a business trip. 3.He can not finish the task on time if you don’t help him. 如果你不帮他，他就不能按时完成任务。 = He can not finish the task on time without your help. 宾语从句与简单句之间的转换 【用法详解】 在英语中，我们可以用of, about 等介词短语，将含有宾语从句的复合句，改为简单句。常用的搭配有： remind sb of sth 使某人想起 be sure / certain about 对.....确信 1.The photos remind me that I travelled to the place ten years ago. 这些照片使我想起十年前去那儿旅行过。 = The photos remind me of my trip to the place ten years ago. 2.I am sure that Tom will be late for school this morning. 我确定Tom今天早上上学要迟到了。 = I am sure about Tom’s being late for school this morning. 定语从句与简单句之间的转换 【用法详解】 在英语里，可以用介词in或with的简单句替代某些定语从句。 I don’t know the girl who wears glasses. 我不认识戴眼镜的那个女孩。 = I don’t know the girl with glasses. The man who was holding two books in his hand was our English teacher. = The man with two books in his hand was our English teacher. 手上拿着两本书的那个男的是我们英语老师。 二、单元话题写作 本单元的话题是“火星上的生活”，写作任务是完成一篇在火星上居住的生活指南。话题内容符合时代特征,和社会生活联系紧密、选题贴近学生生活。教材设计以“火星上的生活”为主线，结合写作任务、功能、结构等环节，培养学生英语综合运用能力。我们生活的星球环境污染越来越严重、资源浪费、大肆砍伐树木、猎杀大量动物、导致人类面临着生存的危机，需要找寻另外的生存空间。本节课就是引导学生通过材料和蛛网图等收集、整理并整合信息，结合已有知识充分地表达自己对于火星生活的看法。学生可以想象人们未来生存在火星上的一些状况，从人们的衣、食、住、行等方面入手，根据蛛网图和写作提纲完成一篇内容为火星上的生活指南的文章。 写作框架 Paragraph 1: Introduces the topic For the idea of living on Mars, it is a clean, pollution-free place that can be used for online learning, playing low gravity ball games, space travel, and more. Paragraph 2:Specifically describes life on Mars Ideas for possible transportation, food, learning, and life ...on Mars. a guide to living on Mars 写 Paragraph 3:Summarize Finally, express one's hope. (I think you will like it if you come here.Do you think living on Mars is interesting/exciting?) ※ 开头句 1.Now I’m writing a letter to you on Mars. It’s really wonderful to live on Mars. 现在我在火星上给你写一封信。生活在火星上真是太棒了。 2.In the future, people would move to other planets including Mars because the Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted. What would life on Mars be like? Let’s go and have a look. 未来，人们将迁移到包括火星在内的其他星球，因为地球正变得越来越拥挤和污染。火星上的生命会是什么样子？让我们去看看。 ※ 中间句 1.I think life on Mars is more comfortable and more interesting than that on the Earth. 我认为火星上的生活比地球上的生活更舒适、更有趣。 2.We have lessons, do our homework, take exams and talk to teachers and classmates through the computer connected to the interplanetary network at home. 我们上课、做作业、参加考试，并通过家里连接到星际网络的电脑与老师和同学交谈。 3.On Mars, there is no water or oxygen. So we have to wear special helmets. 在火星上，没有水和氧气。所以我们必须戴上特殊的头盔。 4.Mars is very beautiful. There are green trees and pretty flowers everywhere, and there is no pollution here. 火星非常美丽。到处都是绿树和美丽的花朵，这里没有污染。 5.We have supermarkets in our neighbourhood. They make our life more convenient. 我们附近有超市。它们使我们的生活更方便。 ※ 结尾句 1.Perhaps you think living on Mars won't be possible, but you have to believe that with the development of our technology, this is not just a dream. 也许你觉得在火星上生活不会实现，但是你要相信随着我们科技的发展，这不只是一个梦想。 2.They make our life more convenient. 它们使我们的生活更方便。 3.I think you will like it if you come here. 我想如果你来这里你会喜欢的。 4.What do you think of living on Mars? 你觉得在火星上生活怎么样？ 典例赏析 假如现在是2092年，你是Kate，生活在火星上，你的朋友Jim现在在地球上，他即将来火星生活。请你写一封100词左右的信，向他介绍你在火星上的生活。 总体感觉 比地球上的生活更舒服、更有趣    学习方面 没有学校，通过电脑在网上学校学习、完成作业和考试、与老师同学交流 生活方面 更多的生活空间，更多的闲暇时间，有机器人可以帮忙做大部分的家务 环境介绍 环境优美，处处是绿树鲜花，没有任何污染 生活设施 住宅附近有大型的超市，购物生活很方便     注意事项： 1.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2.信中须涉及上述几个方面的内容，可适当增加相关细节，使意思表达更加完整。 Dear Jim, Now, I’m writing a letter to you on Mars. It’s really wonderful to live on Mars.  _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  Yours, Kate 【解题思路】 1.题干解读：本文主要是根据题干表格中的内容向朋友写信介绍在火星上的生活，可适当增加细节。 这封信需要用一般现在时，人称用第一人称去表达。 【解题思路】 第一段引出话题；第二段具体描述火星上的生活；第三段进行总结。为了使句子更通顺完整，需要用上适当的连接词。同时注意语句要通顺，词汇书写无误，注意不要出现语法错误。另外，可以用上一些句型、短语，较高级的语言，这样会使文章更出色。 【满分作文】 Dear Jim, Now I’m writing a letter to you on Mars. It’s really wonderful to live on Mars. I think life on Mars is more comfortable and more interesting than that on the Earth. We have online schools instead of real ones. We have lessons, do our homework, take exams and talk to teachers and classmates through the computer connected to the interplanetary network at home. It’s not so crowded here so we have more space to live in. Most of our housework is done by robots so that we can have more time for our hobbies. Mars is very beautiful. There are green trees and pretty flowers everywhere, and there is no pollution here. We have supermarkets in our neighbourhood. They make our life more convenient. I think you will like it if you come here. Yours, Kate 【亮点词汇】 online schools,interplanetary network,crowded,hobbies,convenient 【高分句式】 1.Most of our housework is done by robots so that we can have more time for our hobbies.(目的状语从句) 2.I think you will like it if you come here.(条件状语从句) [短语归纳] 1.kinds of 各种各样的 2. either…or…或者……或者……，不是……就是…… 3. neither…nor…既不……也不…… 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶 5. take a seat 就坐 6. home cooking 家常做法 7. be famous for 因……而著名 8. on ones way to在……途中 9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院 10. at the end of在……的尽头，在……的末尾 11. wait for 等待 12. in time 及时 13. make one’s way to…往……（艰难地）走去 14. just then 正在那时 15. first of all 首先，第一 16. go wrong 走错路 17. be/get lost 迷路 18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗 19. get on 上车 20. get off 下车 21. stand in line 站队 22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室 23. at the head of……在……的前头 24. laugh at 嘲笑 25. throw about 乱丢，抛散 26. in fact 实际上 27. at midnight 在半夜 28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快 29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架 30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温 31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛 32. have a headache 头痛 33. as soon as… 一……就…… 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事 35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事 36. fall asleep 入睡 37. again and again再三地，反复地 38. wake up 醒来，叫醒 39. instead of 代替 40. look over 检查 41. take exercise运动 42. had better(not) do sth. 最好（不要）干某事 43. at the weekend 在周末 44. on time 按时 45. out of从……向外 46. all by oneself 独立，单独 47. lots of=a lot of 许多 48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再 49. get back 回来，取回 50. sooner or later迟早 51. run away 逃跑 52. eat up 吃光，吃完 53. run after 追赶 54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物 55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well) （好好）照顾，照料 56. think of 考虑到，想起 57. keep a diary 坚持写日记 58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下 59. harder and harder 越来越厉害 60. turn on打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等） 61. turn off 关 [重点句型] 1．So + be／助动词／情牵动词／主语． 前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用到这种倒装结构，表示“另一人（物）也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用“Neither/ Nor + be／助动词／情态动词+主语．”这种倒装结构。 注意：“So+主语+be／助动词／情态动词．”这一句型常用于表示赞同，进一步肯定对方的看法，表示“的确如此。”“是呀。” 2．Turn right／left at the first／second／…crossing. 这一指路的句型意为“在第一／二／……个十字路口向右／左拐。”相当于Take the first ／second／…turning on theright／left. 3．It takes sb．some time to do sth． 此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的主语. 4．…think／find + it + adj. + to do sth. 此句型中的it是形式宾语，不可用其它代词替代，形容词作宾语的补足语，后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的宾语。 5．What’s wrong with…？ 此句型相当于What’s the matter/ trouble with…？后跟某物作宾语时，意为“某物出什么毛病了？”后跟某人作宾语时，意为“某人怎么了？” 6．too…to… 在so…that…复合句中，that后的句子是否定句时，常与简单句too…to…（太……而不能……）进行句型转换。 在so…that…复合句中，that后的句子是肯定句时，常与简单句…enough to…进行句型转换. 7．Sorry to hear that. 全句应为I’m sorry to hear that. 意为“听到此事我很难过（遗憾）。”常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。 三、语法 定语从句 1、概念：在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 The bike that I gave him for his birthday was stolen yesterday. 先行词 引导词 2、引导词(关系词)：关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词：that (指人或物，作主语或宾语)，which (指物，作主语或宾语)，who (指人，作主语或宾语)，whom (指人作宾语), whose (指人或物，作定语) 关系副词：where (指地点)， when (指时间)，why (指原因) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Module2 Unit4 Life on Mars Unit4 核心话题 “火星上的生活” 重点词汇 1. adj.被污染的 → vt.污染，弄脏 → n.污染源;污染者 → [U] n.污染;污染物 2 . adj.快的,迅速的 → adv.迅速地，很快地；快地，迅速地 3. adj.使人不舒服的;不舒适的→(反义词) adj.舒适的, 使人舒服的→ adv.舒服地，安逸地 4. adj.味道好的 → v.品尝,尝起来 linking v. 尝起来；有……的味道 → n.品尝;味道 5. adv.专门地，特地→ adj.特殊的，特别的→ adv. 尤其 6. adj.挑战性的 → [C] n.挑战 →challenge v.挑战 7. adj.知道，意识到 → n.认识，意识 8. [U] n.一致，同意； [C] n. 协议，协定 →(反义词) → vi.&vt. 同意;承认;应允→(反义词) v.不同意，持不同意见，有分歧 9. n.可能性 → adj.可能的 →(反义词) adj.不可能的 → adv.可能,可能地;或许;尽可能地 10. [C] n.外来者,陌生人；外地人,异乡人→ adj.陌生的;奇怪的 → adv.奇怪地，奇妙地 11. n. 劣势，缺点，不利条件 →(反义词) n.优势，有利条件 12. n.风险,危险 →(近义词) n.危险 →(反义词) n.安全 → vt.冒......的危险 → adj.有危险的 13. adj.电子的；电的，用电的 → [U] n. 电，电能 14. n.娱乐；款待，招待 重点短语 1. 思考，考虑 2. 到太空旅游 3. 在火星上 4. 到达 5. 找出；弄清；发现；查明 6. 火星生活指南 7. 梦想做某事 8. 氧气管 9. 干粮，压缩食品 10. 睡袋 11. 电源包 12. 和某人讨论 13. 住在火星上 14. 现在，目前 15. 随着……的发展 16. 以......的形式 17. 与......相比 18. 以便 19. 又一次 20. 充满...... 21. 迅速地增长 22. 移居/搬往某地 23. 知道 24. 意见一致 25. 与……相似 26. 毫无疑问 27. 开展；执行 28. 离开……，搬离..... 29. 值得(做)某事 30. 毕竟；终究 31. 记日记 32. 尽力做某事 33. 火星生活指南 34. 参观两颗卫星 重点句型 1.Wow,I've never thought about travelling into space. 哇，我从未想过到太空旅行。 2.How do you like life on Mars? 你觉得火星上的生活怎么样? 3.What would it be like to live on Mars? 住在火星上将会是什么样子呢? 4.Compared with life on the Earth,life on Mars would be better in some ways. 与地球上的生活相比，火星上的生活在某些方面要好些。 5. Life on Mars would be interesting as well as challenging. 火星上的生活不仅有挑战性，还很有趣。 6. It takes Mars about two Earth years to circle around the Sun once. 火星绕太阳一周大约需要两个地球年的时间。 7. Here is a guide to living on Mars in the future. 这是将来在火星上生活的指南。 语法 复合句转化为简单句 写作 在火星上生活指南 考点1.think about 考虑 [教材原句]This is a big issue ; we need more time to think about it. 这是个重大问题，我们需要花较多的时间考虑。 [拓展] 含有think的其他短语： think highly of 对……高度评价　 think little of 轻视……；对……不假思索 [辨析]think of；think about；think over (1) think of意为“考虑到、想到”，后常接代词、名词或动词-ing形式 I often think about my friends back home. 我常常想起老家的朋友。 (2)think about可接名词、动词-ing形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句，表示“考虑……”。 Don't rush me. I need time to think about it. 别催我。我需要时间考虑一下。 (3)think over意为“仔细考虑”，后接名词或代词作宾语。当后接代词时，应把代词放在over之前。 We must think over what he said. 我们必须仔细思考他说的话。 【经典练】 1．I ________ about my roommate when my phone rang. It was him! A．think B．will think C．was thinking D．am thinking 2．—Chinese New Year’s Day is coming next month. Let’s ________ some gifts for our children. —I think red packets (红包) are better to wish them good luck. A．play with B．ask for C．think about D．look at 3．—Jane, what did Tom say just now? —Sorry, I don’t know. I ________ the math problem. A．thought about B．think about C．was thinking about D．thinking about 考点2.neither adv.也不 —I can't swim. 我不会游泳。—Me either. 我也不会。 —I don't want to go shopping. 我不想去购物。—Me neither. 我也不想。 (1)neither用作形容词，后接名词单数，意为“（两者中）没有一个” Neither book was very interesting. 两本书都不是很有趣。 (2)neither用作代词，后接“of+名词”Neither of us felt like going out. 我们两个都不愿意出去。 (3)neither用作连词，常与nor连用，构成neither…nor…结构，意为“既不……也不……”，连接同等的句子成分。当连接主语时，动词与靠近它的主语一致。 Neither he nor I like coffee. 我和他都不喜欢咖啡。 【经典练】 1．—My parents never ________ me to hang out with my friends at night. —________ do mine! But I think they are just worried about our safety. A．allow; Neither B．agree; So C．allow; So D．agree; Neither 2．— What would you like, coffee or tea? — ________. Just water, please. A．Neither B．Both C．Either D．None 3．—Can I come this weekend or next weekend? —_________ is OK. I am busy all these days. A．Neither B．None C．Either D．Both 考点3.thought [教材原句]I thought you liked Mars. 我原以为你喜欢火星。 英语中表示过去曾经有某种想法，但事实上并非如此，即“我原以为/原想……”之类的概念时，常用“I thought…”，此时宾语从句要用过去的某种时态。 I thought they were interested in this book. (1)“I think…”是指现在这样认为I think you should think it over. (2)含有think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等动词的宾语从句的否定句应将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式，从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。 I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。 (1)否定转移的反意疑问句应与从句的主语与时态保持一致。I don't think Kate can sing, can she? (2)若谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病。 【经典练】 1．Many of Lu Xun’s works make people ________ about others in the world. A．think B．thought C．thinking D．to think 2．—________ Black Myth: Wu Kong? —Perfect! It’s a milestone (里程碑) of Chinese games. A．What do you think of B．Why do you like C．What do you like about D．Where do you play 3．—I don’t like the short story The gifts. I think it’s out of date. —I’m sorry, but ________. Although it may be old, I still think it’s a moving story. A．that’s right B．I don’t think so C．I couldn’t agree more D．it doesn’t matter 考点4.more and more crowded 越来越拥挤 在英语中，常用“(单音节)形容词或副词的比较级＋and＋(单音节)形容词或副词的比较级”或“more and more＋(多音节)形容词或副词的原级”表示“越来越.......”。 “less and less＋不可数名词”和“fewer and fewer＋复数可数名词”意为“越来越少的……”； “more and more＋复数可数名词或不可数名词” 意为“越来越多的……”。 “the＋形容词或副词的比较级＋陈述句， the＋形容词或副词的比较级＋陈述句”，意为“越……，越……” Generally speaking, the more you pay, the more you get. 一般来说，花钱多，买的东西就多。 【经典练】 1．The number of children who lost their lives in The Israeli Palestinian Conflict ________ getting ________. The first problem is how to stop the war. A．is; more and more. B．is; larger and larger C．are; fewer and fewer D．are; smaller and smaller 2．The park is getting ________ because more kinds of flowersare planted every year. A．more and more beautiful B．more beautiful and more beautiful C．less beautiful D．more and more 考点5.large numbers of large numbers of 表示“许多，大量的”，相当于a large number of。a number of 意为“许多……”， 修饰可数名词复数。做主语时，谓语动词用复数。number 前可用large，small等修饰，以表示程度。 例如： Large numbers of students are playing games together. 许多学生正在一起玩儿游戏。 A number of villagers are planting trees on the hill. 许多村民正在山上植树。 【经典练】 1．The Great Wall runs for over 6,000 km ________ northern China, ________ watchtowers. A．across; with a good deal of B．along; having a number of C．across; with a large number of D．along; with large numbers of 2．Our teachers often give us ________ advice when we are in trouble. A．a large amount of B．a few C．many D．a large number of 考点6.might modal v．可能，或许 might 是情态动词，意为“可能，或许”，表示可能性较小的推测。 must, may, might与can表示推测的用法： (1)must表示可能性最大的推测，意为“一定”，通常只用于肯定句。 She didn't come to school. She must be ill. (2)may 表示可能性较小的推测，意为“可能”，通常用于肯定句或否定句。 It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能下雨。 He may not come tonight. 今晚他可能不来。 (3)might表示可能性最小的推测，意为“可能”， 通常用于肯定句或否定句。 He might arrive on time. I know Kate doesn't like the job, but I might not find it too bad. (4)can表推测时通常用于否定句或疑问句，can't 意为“不可能，一定不”。 【经典练】 1．— Look at this pink water bottle. ________ it be Lily’s? — It ________ be hers. She does seem scatterbrained sometimes. A．May; might B．Can; can C．Can; might D．May; can 2．Don’t run too fast, Jack. You _______ fall and hurt your knees. A．might B．must C．need D．should 考点7.carry out 开展；执行 carry out为动词短语，意为“开展；执行 ”。 含有out的常用短语： put out扑灭 go out出去 run out用完，耗尽 set out出发；开始 look out留神，当心 find out查明；弄清楚 give out 分发 work out 解决；算出 be tired out筋疲力尽 turn out原来是，结果是break out 爆发 come out 出来；出版；发行 hand out 分发 sell out 卖完 help out 帮助克服困难　　 take out 拿出，取出 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of control失去控制；无法管理 【经典练】 1．—School violence(暴力)has appeared in some schools recently. —So it has. Luckily our government has ________ some policies to stop it. A．carried out B．taken out C．come out 2．Judy is such a confident girl that she believes she can ________ the hard task if she tries her best. A．carry out B．turn out C．pick out D．break out 考点8.start with 从……开始 start with意为“从……开始”，和begin with同义。 含有with的常用短语和句型： agree with sb同意某人的看法 be strict with sb对某人要求严格 come up with想出(主意) connect to/with与……相连；连接deal with处理；对付 fall in love with sb爱上某人 fill…with…用……填充……get along/on with 与……相处 have something/nothing to do with与……有关/无关 help sb with sth在某方面帮助某人make friends with 与……交朋友 share sth with sb与某人合用/分享某物 be angry with sb 生某人的气 be satisfied with 对……满意 be bored with 对……厌烦 be familiar with 对……熟悉keep in touch with 与……保持联系be busy with 忙于…… 【经典练】 1．I like spring, because everything in the spring recovery. There is a saying that “______”. A．A year’s plan starts with spring. B．No pain, no gain. C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Every dog has its day. 2．It’s a good idea ________ an English song at the party. A．to start B．to start with C．ask for D．to begin 考点9.be afraid of 害怕…… be afraid of意为“害怕”，后接名词、代词或动名词，重点在“害怕”上；be afraid to do sth意为“(因为害怕而)不敢做某事”，重点在“不敢”。 (1)“I'm afraid＋(that)从句”意为“恐怕……”，主要用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。 I'm afraid (that) I can't stay. 恐怕我不能留下。 (2)I'm afraid 之后还可接 so 或 not，表示前面所提到的情况，表肯定时用 so，表否定时用 not。 —Will he come today? 他今天会来吗？—I'm afraid not. 恐怕不会。 —Is she very ill？她病得很厉害吗？—I'm afraid so. 恐怕是的。 【经典练】 1．Don’t be afraid of ________ mistakes when you speak English. A．taking B．doing C．making D．offering 2．She used to ________ the dog and ________ play with it. A．was afraid of; be afraid to B．be afraid of; was afraid to C．be afraid to; be afraid to D．was afraid to; be afraid to 考点10.after all 毕竟 含有all的常用短语： first of all首先　　　　　　not…at all一点儿也不in all总共 above all首要的是 all right 行，可以 all over 遍及all the time 一直，总是 【经典练】 1．All of us can’t avoid making mistakes. ________, nobody is perfect. A．At first B．All of a sudden C．After all 2．—I think it would be safe to live on Mars. —I agree. ________, we have already been to the moon. A．After all B．First of all C．In all D．Above all 考点11.have been to [教材原句]After all, humans have already been to the Moon. have been to, have gone to与have been in 含有have been的常用短语： have been on已经在上映 have been over已经结束 have been away from已经离开…… 【经典练】 1．—Has your brother ever been to Russia? —Yes. ________ A．So have I. B．So I have. C．So do I. 2．—Have you ________ to Hawaii? —Yes. I ________ there last Spring. A．been; have been B．gone; went C．gone; have been D．been; went 3．—I didn’t see you the whole summer holiday. —I ________ Yunnan on August 2nd. I ________ there for two weeks. A．went to; have been B．have gone; have been C．have been; have gone 考点12.feel like 感觉像；想要 feel like意为“感觉像；想要”，后可接名词、代词、动名词或句子。 表示“想要做某事”的其他结构： (1)would like to do sth (2)want to do sth 【经典练】 1．Kate feels terrible. She doesn’t feel like _________. A．to eat anything B．eating anything C．anything to eat 2．—What do you plan to do this weekend? —I don’t ________ having a trip. I ________ to stay at home. A．feel like; would like B．sound like; would like C．feel like; look like D．sound like; feel like 3．—Mom, I don’t feel like ________ anything today. —You’d better ________ to see a doctor at once. A．to eat; go B．eating; go C．eating; to go 考点13.prefer v. 宁愿；更喜欢 (1)prefer+名词/动名词+to+名词/动名词，意为“与…相比更喜欢…” I much prefer jazz to rock music. 我喜欢爵士乐远胜过摇滚乐。 I prefer walking to climbing. 我喜欢散步多于喜欢爬山。 (2)prefer to do sth./prefer doing sth.，意为“更喜欢…” I prefer reading non-fiction. 我喜欢看纪实作品。 I prefer to think of peace not war. 我更喜欢思考和平而不是战争。 (3)prefer to do ...rather than do...，意为“宁愿做…而不是做……” I prefer to do English homework first rather than do maths homework. 我宁愿先做英语作业，然后再做数学作业。 【经典练】 1．—Do you prefer ________ basketball with me this afternoon? —No, I would rather ________ at home and read some books. A．play; stay B．play; to stay C．to play; stay D．to play; to stay 2．He prefers ________ books to ________ to music. A．reading; listening B．read; listen C．reading; listen D．read; listening 考点14.instead adv.代替；反而 instead，意为“代替；反而”，往往位于句子开头或句子末尾。 I'll tell you what—let's stay in instead. 听我说，咱们还是待在家里吧。 instead of ，意为“代替；而不是”，表示前者代替后者，并带有否定后者的含义。 instead of后可接名词、代词或动名词。 Now I can walk to work instead of going by car. 现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。 【经典练】 1．—Why was your uncle so unhappy? —My cousin didn’t become a doctor on his advice. __________, he decided to go to a drama college. A．Instead B．Otherwise C．However D．Moreover 2．I’ll go to Shanghai ________ to Beijing. A．instead go B．instead of going C．instead going D．instead of go 考点15.make They make us feel like we are really inside the games! make sb do sth意为“使某人做某事”，make为使役动词，意为“使；让”，后面只能跟省略to的动词不定式，即动词原形，作宾语补足语，但是当用于被动语态时，to不能省略。有类似用法的单词还有let(让), have(让)等。 He made me laugh.他使我发笑。I let him go.我让他走了。 Please have him come here. 请让他到这里来。 【经典练】 1．—Mum wants to make short videos about her cooking. Can you help her? —Yes, it’s easy. I will show her ________. A．what to make one B．where to make one C．how to make one D．when to make one 2．This book makes me _________ all the time. I want to read it again. A．laugh B．laughing C．to laugh D．to laughing 3．School uniforms (校服) usually make students ________ smart. A．looking B．to look C．look D．looks 一．语法精讲——复合句转化为简单句 状语从句与简单句之间的转换 【用法详解】 在英语中，我们可以用at the age of, because of, without / with等介词短语，将含有状语从句的复合句改为 简单句。转换时，要注意时态和意思的一致性和准确性。 1. He learnt to swim when he was eight years old. 他八岁时，学会了游泳。 = He learnt to swim at the age of eight. 2.He did not attend the meeting because he was on a business trip. 他没有参加会议，是因为他在出差。 = He did not attend the meeting because of a business trip. 3.He can not finish the task on time if you don’t help him. 如果你不帮他，他就不能按时完成任务。 = He can not finish the task on time without your help. 宾语从句与简单句之间的转换 【用法详解】 在英语中，我们可以用of, about 等介词短语，将含有宾语从句的复合句，改为简单句。常用的搭配有： remind sb of sth 使某人想起 be sure / certain about 对.....确信 1.The photos remind me that I travelled to the place ten years ago. 这些照片使我想起十年前去那儿旅行过。 = The photos remind me of my trip to the place ten years ago. 2.I am sure that Tom will be late for school this morning. 我确定Tom今天早上上学要迟到了。 = I am sure about Tom’s being late for school this morning. 定语从句与简单句之间的转换 【用法详解】 在英语里，可以用介词in或with的简单句替代某些定语从句。 I don’t know the girl who wears glasses. 我不认识戴眼镜的那个女孩。 = I don’t know the girl with glasses. The man who was holding two books in his hand was our English teacher. = The man with two books in his hand was our English teacher. 手上拿着两本书的那个男的是我们英语老师。 二、单元话题写作 本单元的话题是“火星上的生活”，写作任务是完成一篇在火星上居住的生活指南。话题内容符合时代特征,和社会生活联系紧密、选题贴近学生生活。教材设计以“火星上的生活”为主线，结合写作任务、功能、结构等环节，培养学生英语综合运用能力。我们生活的星球环境污染越来越严重、资源浪费、大肆砍伐树木、猎杀大量动物、导致人类面临着生存的危机，需要找寻另外的生存空间。本节课就是引导学生通过材料和蛛网图等收集、整理并整合信息，结合已有知识充分地表达自己对于火星生活的看法。学生可以想象人们未来生存在火星上的一些状况，从人们的衣、食、住、行等方面入手，根据蛛网图和写作提纲完成一篇内容为火星上的生活指南的文章。 写作框架 Paragraph 1: Introduces the topic For the idea of living on Mars, it is a clean, pollution-free place that can be used for online learning, playing low gravity ball games, space travel, and more. Paragraph 2:Specifically describes life on Mars Ideas for possible transportation, food, learning, and life ...on Mars. a guide to living on Mars 写 Paragraph 3:Summarize Finally, express one's hope. (I think you will like it if you come here.Do you think living on Mars is interesting/exciting?) ※ 开头句 1.Now I’m writing a letter to you on Mars. It’s really wonderful to live on Mars. 现在我在火星上给你写一封信。生活在火星上真是太棒了。 2.In the future, people would move to other planets including Mars because the Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted. What would life on Mars be like? Let’s go and have a look. 未来，人们将迁移到包括火星在内的其他星球，因为地球正变得越来越拥挤和污染。火星上的生命会是什么样子？让我们去看看。 ※ 中间句 1.I think life on Mars is more comfortable and more interesting than that on the Earth. 我认为火星上的生活比地球上的生活更舒适、更有趣。 2.We have lessons, do our homework, take exams and talk to teachers and classmates through the computer connected to the interplanetary network at home. 我们上课、做作业、参加考试，并通过家里连接到星际网络的电脑与老师和同学交谈。 3.On Mars, there is no water or oxygen. So we have to wear special helmets. 在火星上，没有水和氧气。所以我们必须戴上特殊的头盔。 4.Mars is very beautiful. There are green trees and pretty flowers everywhere, and there is no pollution here. 火星非常美丽。到处都是绿树和美丽的花朵，这里没有污染。 5.We have supermarkets in our neighbourhood. They make our life more convenient. 我们附近有超市。它们使我们的生活更方便。 ※ 结尾句 1.Perhaps you think living on Mars won't be possible, but you have to believe that with the development of our technology, this is not just a dream. 也许你觉得在火星上生活不会实现，但是你要相信随着我们科技的发展，这不只是一个梦想。 2.They make our life more convenient. 它们使我们的生活更方便。 3.I think you will like it if you come here. 我想如果你来这里你会喜欢的。 4.What do you think of living on Mars? 你觉得在火星上生活怎么样？ 典例赏析 假如现在是2092年，你是Kate，生活在火星上，你的朋友Jim现在在地球上，他即将来火星生活。请你写一封100词左右的信，向他介绍你在火星上的生活。 总体感觉 比地球上的生活更舒服、更有趣    学习方面 没有学校，通过电脑在网上学校学习、完成作业和考试、与老师同学交流 生活方面 更多的生活空间，更多的闲暇时间，有机器人可以帮忙做大部分的家务 环境介绍 环境优美，处处是绿树鲜花，没有任何污染 生活设施 住宅附近有大型的超市，购物生活很方便     注意事项： 1.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2.信中须涉及上述几个方面的内容，可适当增加相关细节，使意思表达更加完整。 Dear Jim, Now, I’m writing a letter to you on Mars. It’s really wonderful to live on Mars.  _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  Yours, Kate 【解题思路】 1.题干解读：本文主要是根据题干表格中的内容向朋友写信介绍在火星上的生活，可适当增加细节。 这封信需要用一般现在时，人称用第一人称去表达。 【解题思路】 第一段引出话题；第二段具体描述火星上的生活；第三段进行总结。为了使句子更通顺完整，需要用上适当的连接词。同时注意语句要通顺，词汇书写无误，注意不要出现语法错误。另外，可以用上一些句型、短语，较高级的语言，这样会使文章更出色。 【满分作文】 Dear Jim, Now I’m writing a letter to you on Mars. It’s really wonderful to live on Mars. I think life on Mars is more comfortable and more interesting than that on the Earth. We have online schools instead of real ones. We have lessons, do our homework, take exams and talk to teachers and classmates through the computer connected to the interplanetary network at home. It’s not so crowded here so we have more space to live in. Most of our housework is done by robots so that we can have more time for our hobbies. Mars is very beautiful. There are green trees and pretty flowers everywhere, and there is no pollution here. We have supermarkets in our neighbourhood. They make our life more convenient. I think you will like it if you come here. Yours, Kate 【亮点词汇】 online schools,interplanetary network,crowded,hobbies,convenient 【高分句式】 1.Most of our housework is done by robots so that we can have more time for our hobbies.(目的状语从句) 2.I think you will like it if you come here.(条件状语从句) [短语归纳] 1.kinds of 各种各样的 2. either…or…或者……或者……，不是……就是…… 3. neither…nor…既不……也不…… 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶 5. take a seat 就坐 6. home cooking 家常做法 7. be famous for 因……而著名 8. on ones way to在……途中 9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院 10. at the end of在……的尽头，在……的末尾 11. wait for 等待 12. in time 及时 13. make one’s way to…往……（艰难地）走去 14. just then 正在那时 15. first of all 首先，第一 16. go wrong 走错路 17. be/get lost 迷路 18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗 19. get on 上车 20. get off 下车 21. stand in line 站队 22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室 23. at the head of……在……的前头 24. laugh at 嘲笑 25. throw about 乱丢，抛散 26. in fact 实际上 27. at midnight 在半夜 28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快 29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架 30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温 31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛 32. have a headache 头痛 33. as soon as… 一……就…… 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事 35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事 36. fall asleep 入睡 37. again and again再三地，反复地 38. wake up 醒来，叫醒 39. instead of 代替 40. look over 检查 41. take exercise运动 42. had better(not) do sth. 最好（不要）干某事 43. at the weekend 在周末 44. on time 按时 45. out of从……向外 46. all by oneself 独立，单独 47. lots of=a lot of 许多 48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再 49. get back 回来，取回 50. sooner or later迟早 51. run away 逃跑 52. eat up 吃光，吃完 53. run after 追赶 54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物 55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well) （好好）照顾，照料 56. think of 考虑到，想起 57. keep a diary 坚持写日记 58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下 59. harder and harder 越来越厉害 60. turn on打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等） 61. turn off 关 [重点句型] 1．So + be／助动词／情牵动词／主语． 前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用到这种倒装结构，表示“另一人（物）也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用“Neither/ Nor + be／助动词／情态动词+主语．”这种倒装结构。 注意：“So+主语+be／助动词／情态动词．”这一句型常用于表示赞同，进一步肯定对方的看法，表示“的确如此。”“是呀。” 2．Turn right／left at the first／second／…crossing. 这一指路的句型意为“在第一／二／……个十字路口向右／左拐。”相当于Take the first ／second／…turning on theright／left. 3．It takes sb．some time to do sth． 此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的主语. 4．…think／find + it + adj. + to do sth. 此句型中的it是形式宾语，不可用其它代词替代，形容词作宾语的补足语，后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的宾语。 5．What’s wrong with…？ 此句型相当于What’s the matter/ trouble with…？后跟某物作宾语时，意为“某物出什么毛病了？”后跟某人作宾语时，意为“某人怎么了？” 6．too…to… 在so…that…复合句中，that后的句子是否定句时，常与简单句too…to…（太……而不能……）进行句型转换。 在so…that…复合句中，that后的句子是肯定句时，常与简单句…enough to…进行句型转换. 7．Sorry to hear that. 全句应为I’m sorry to hear that. 意为“听到此事我很难过（遗憾）。”常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。 三、语法 定语从句 1、概念：在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 The bike that I gave him for his birthday was stolen yesterday. 先行词 引导词 2、引导词(关系词)：关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词：that (指人或物，作主语或宾语)，which (指物，作主语或宾语)，who (指人，作主语或宾语)，whom (指人作宾语), whose (指人或物，作定语) 关系副词：where (指地点)， when (指时间)，why (指原因) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$