Unit 4 Life on Mars 单元测试（南通专用）-2024-2025学年九年级英语下册单元速记·巧练（江苏专用）

Unit 4 Life on Mars单元测试（南通专用） 注意事项： 1.全卷满分120分。考试时间为120分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上, 答在本试卷上无效。 2.请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合,再将 自己的姓名、考试证号用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。 3.答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置,在其他位置答题一律无效。 一、单项选择（本题共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1．—Have you ever seen ________ China Pavilion (展馆)? —Yes. ________ traditional one indeed. A．a; The B．the; A C．a; A D．the; The 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你看过中国馆吗？——是的。的确是传统的。 考查冠词。不定冠词a表泛指，用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前；定冠词the表特指。第一处空格指“中国馆”，在专有名词前，用定冠词；第二处空格指“一个传统的展馆”，表泛指，用不定冠词。故选B。 2．—Mom, I’ve signed for a big box by Future Express（快递）. What’s in it? —I’m not sure. It________be a present from your brother. A．might B．must C．should D．will 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我收到快递送来的一个大箱子，里面有什么？——我不确定。可能是你哥哥寄的礼物吧。 考查情态动词。might可能；must必须；should应该；will将，会。由“I’m not sure”可知，“可能是你哥哥寄的礼物”，是一种猜测，表示可能。故选A。 3．The workers recycle the old newspapers ________ waste them. A．so that not B．in order not to C．in order to D．so that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：工人们回收旧报纸，以免浪费它们。 考查介词短语。so that以便；in order not to为了不要；in order to为了。连词短语so that后接目的状语从句，而“waste them”缺乏主语，不成句子，可排除选项A和D；根据“ recycle the old newspapers ”可知回收旧报纸，是为了不浪费，选项B符合。故选B。 4．Chairperson Xi said that education decides the today and future of the mankind ________ the ________ Teachers’ Day. A．on; thirty-two B．in; thirty-two C．on; thirty-second D．at; thirtieth-second 【答案】C 【详解】句意：习主席在第三十二个教师节上说，教育决定人类的现在和未来。 考查时间介词及序数词。on指具体某一天；in指某年某月等大的时间及一天的早中晚；at指具体的某一时刻。由“Chairperson Xi said that education decides the today and future of the mankind ... the ... Teachers’ Day.”及结合选项可知，此处表示在第三十二个教师节，为具体的某一天介词用on，排除BD选项；且空二应用序数词thirty-second表示“第三十二”。故选C。 5．The Shape of Water was a big winner at the 90th Academy Awards, winning four Oscars: Best Production Design, Best Original Score, ________ Best Director and Best Picture. A．as soon as B．as well as C．as much as D．as good as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：《水形物语》是第90届奥斯卡金像奖的大赢家，获得了四项奥斯卡奖：最佳制作设计、最佳配乐奖、最佳导演和最佳影片。 考查as well as的用法。as soon as尽快，一……就；as well as和，也；as much as尽……那样多；as good as和……一样好。根据“winning four Oscars: Best Production Design, Best Original Score...Best Director and Best Picture.”可知，这里四个奖项是并列关系，表示“和”。故选B。 6．My car broke down ________ the cold weather, so I had to walk to my office. A．instead of B．because of C．as for D．because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：因为天气太冷，我的车坏了，所以我不得不走路去上班。 考查介词短语。instead of而不是；because of因为；as for至于；because因为，后加句子。根据“My car broke down...the cold weather”可知车子坏了是因为寒冷的天气，空后是名词短语，应用because of。故选B。 7．The government has decided ______ the telephone lines ______ to every village. A．having; connecting B．having; to connect C．to have; connected D．to have; to connect 【答案】C 【详解】句意：政府决定把电话线连接到每个村庄。 考查动词不定式的用法和have的用法。decide to do sth决定做某事，因此第一空用动词不定式；have sth done让某人做某事，connect与the telephone lines逻辑上是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。故选C。 8．The students ________ don’t study hard will not pass the exam. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：没有努力学习的学生将不能通过考试。先行词the students表示人，修饰人的定语从句，并且作为定语从句的主语，故用关系代词who，故选B。 点睛：当定语从句的先行词为人作主语时，关系词用who，作宾语时用whom。which常指代物； whose指人也可指物，一般作定语。 9．—Can you guess if Mike ________ swimming this afternoon? —Sure. I think he will go with us if he ________ free. A．will go; is B．will go; will be C．goes; is D．goes; will be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你可以猜一猜今天下午迈克是否要去游泳吗？——好的，我想如果他有空，他会和我们一起去的。 考查动词时态。前句是if引导的宾语从句，主句是一般现在时，从句的时态由从句的时间状语或语境决定，由时间状语“this afternoon”可知，这件事还没发生，应用一般将来时态（will go）；后句是if引导的条件状语从句，主句“he will go with us”是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时态（表示将要发生的动作），由主语“he”，可知be用is，填is free。故选A。 10．—I’m going to take part in Sing! China next month. —________ I am sure you will win. A．Never mind. B．Good luck! C．What a pity! D．My Pleasure. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我下个月要参加《中国好声音》。——祝你好运！我相信你会赢的。 考查情景交际。Never mind没关系；Good luck祝你好运；What a pity真可惜；My pleasure不客气。根据“I am sure you will win.”可知，此处是在预祝对方好运。故选B。 二、完形填空(本题共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The Shenzhou XVII astronauts started their space mission (任务) on Oct 26. Their spaceship 11 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. On the spaceship are 12 astronauts: Tang Hongbo, 48; Tang Shengjie, 33; and Jiang Xinlin, 35. Their spaceship then joined with the Tiangong space station. They will do science studies and tests in space, 13 spacewalks. The Shenzhou XVII team, on average (平均地), has the space station’s youngest astronauts. One of the astronauts Jiang Xinlin is from Henan. Both of his parents are 14 . They didn’t know their son was an astronaut 15 Oct 26. They felt very 16 of their son and watched the news live on TV with their neighbors and relatives. Jiang has two sisters and a brother, they lived a 17 life when he was young. Their family could only make a living by growing crops and raising sheep in a small village. Jiang Xinlin had to work to 18 his family when he was only fifteen years old. Although it was tiring and hard that time, he never 19 . He kept on studying after work every day. Later, his brother gave up study and found work to support their study. This hard 20 made him unforgettable, but also let him deeply understand that only studying can 21 a better future. After attending junior high school, Jiang Xinlin studied even harder and 22 a military academy when he graduated. He worked as a pilot 23 about ten years and became an astronaut in 2020. As an astronaut, you should not only have a strong body, but also much professional knowledge. Jiang Xinlin practised necessary skills in the daytime and learned knowledge in the evening. At last, he was 24 as the Shenzhou XVII astronaut. 25 hard work, Jiang Xinlin proves that if we keep working hard and never give up, we can surely make our dreams come true. 11．A．gave off B．put off C．took off D．got off 12．A．one B．two C．three D．four 13．A．as good as B．as well as C．as soon as D．as long as 14．A．doctors B．astronauts C．farmers D．students 15．A．until B．since C．after D．when 16．A．patient B．popular C．perfect D．proud 17．A．rich B．poor C．happy D．cheerful 18．A．support B．suppose C．survive D．suggest 19．A．put up B．gave up C．turned up D．got up 20．A．education B．example C．experience D．environment 21．A．talk to B．reply to C．belong to D．lead to 22．A．ended B．enjoyed C．entered D．expected 23．A．in B．with C．to D．for 24．A．chosen B．changed C．checked D．cheered 25．A．Though B．Through C．Thought D．Although 【答案】 11．C 12．C 13．B 14．C 15．A 16．D 17．B 18．A 19．B 20．C 21．D 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．B 【导语】本文介绍了神州十七号的宇航员，主要讲述了其中的江新林成为宇航员的历程。 11．句意：他们的宇宙飞船从酒泉卫星发射中心起飞。 gave off散发；put off推迟；took off起飞；got off下车。根据“Their spaceship...from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.”可知，宇宙飞船起飞。故选C。 12．句意：飞船上有三名宇航员：汤洪波，48岁；唐胜杰，33岁；江新林，35岁。 one一；two二；three三；four四。根据“Tang Hongbo, 48; Tang Shengjie, 33; and Jiang Xinlin, 35”可知，共有三名宇航员。故选C。 13．句意：他们将在太空进行科学研究和测试，以及太空行走。 as good as和……一样好；as well as和，以及；as soon as一……就……；as long as只要，和……一样长。根据“They will do science studies and tests in space, ...spacewalks.”可知，科学研究、测试和太空行走是并列关系，用as well as。故选B。 14．句意：他的父母都是农民。 doctors医生；astronauts宇航员；farmers农民；students学生。根据下文“Their family could only make a living by growing crops and raising sheep in a small village.”可知，江新林的父母都是农民。故选C。 15．句意：直到10月26号，他们才知道他们的儿子是一名宇航员。 until直到；since自从；after在……之后；when当……之时。根据“They didn’t know their son was an astronaut...Oct 26.”可知，此处是not...until“直到……才”，表示直到10月26号才知道儿子是宇航员。故选A。 16．句意：他们为自己的儿子感到自豪，并与邻居和亲戚一起观看了电视上的新闻直播。 patient有耐心的；popular流行的；perfect 完美的；proud自豪的。根据“They didn’t know their son was an astronaut...”可知，儿子是一名宇航员，应是为他感到自豪。故选D。 17．句意：江新林有两个姐姐和一个哥哥，他们小时候过着贫穷的生活。 rich富有的；poor贫穷的；happy开心的；cheerful欢快的。根据下文“Their family could only make a living by growing crops and raising sheep in a small village. Jiang Xinlin had to work to...his family when he was only fifteen years old. Although it was tiring and hard that time,”可知，江新林一家只能在小村庄里靠种庄稼和放羊为生，而江新林在15岁时则不得不去工作，那时候很累也很辛苦。由此可知，江新林小的时候过着贫穷的生活。故选B。 18．句意：江新林才15岁的时候就不得不打工养家。 support支持，供养；suppose猜想；survive幸存；suggest建议。根据“Their family could only make a living by growing crops and raising sheep in a small village. Jiang Xinlin had to work to...his family when he was only fifteen years old.”可知，江新林一家只能在小村庄里靠种庄稼和放羊为生，所以虽然才15岁，他已不得不去工作养家了。故选A。 19．句意：虽然那段时间很累也很辛苦，但他从未放弃。 put up举起，搭建；gave up放弃；turned up出现，调高（音量）；got up起床。根据“Although it was tiring and hard that time, he never...”可知，although引导让步状语从句，此处应是表示虽然那时很辛苦很累，但从未放弃。故选B。 20．句意：这段艰难的经历使他难以忘怀。 education教育；example例子；experience经历；environment环境。根据上文“Later, his brother gave up study and found work to support their study.”可知，应是“哥哥放弃了他自己的学习，找了份工作来供他们学习”这段经历使江新林难以忘怀。故选C。 21．句意：但也使他深刻地明白，只有学习才能通往更好的未来。 talk to与……交谈；reply to回复；belong to属于；lead to导致，通往。根据“only studying can...a better future”可知，只有学习才能通往更好的未来。故选D。 22．句意：初中毕业后，江新林更加努力学习，毕业后进入了军校。 ended结束；enjoyed享受；entered进入；expected期待。根据“...a military academy when he graduated”可知，应是毕业后进入了一所军校。故选C。 23．句意：他做了约十年的飞行员，并于2020年成为一名宇航员。 in在……里面；with和；to朝，到某处；for为了，达（表示一段时间）。根据“...about ten years”可知，空后是一段时间，空处应用介词for。故选D。 24．句意：最后，他被选为神州十七号宇航员。 chosen选择；changed改变；checked检查；cheered欢呼。根据“he was...as the Shenzhou XVII astronaut”可知，此处表示江新林被选为神州十七号的宇航员，be chosen as“被选为”。故选A。 25．句意：通过努力，江新林证明了如果我们坚持不懈，永不放弃，我们一定可以让我们的梦想成真。 Though虽然（连词）；Through凭借，通过（介词）；Thought认为（动词），想法（名词）；Although虽然（连词）。根据“...hard work, Jiang Xinlin proves that if we keep working hard and never give up, we can surely make our dreams come true.”可知，空后是名词词组hard work，空处应填入介词through，表示江新林凭借自己的努力，证明了“如果坚持不懈，永不放弃，梦想会实现的”。故选B。 三、 阅读理解(本题共15小题；每小题2分, 满分30分) 请认真阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A China has named the spacecraft that will put its astronauts on the moon. The new manned spacecraft is Mengzhou and the lunar lander is Lanyue. China plans to land its astronauts on the moon around 2030. Check the table to learn the details on China’s exciting journey to the moon. MENGZHOU AND LANYUETake Chinese People’s Dream To The Moon Closer Mengzhou — The manned spacecraft Meaning of the name: Dream boat The name carries the Chinese people’s space exploration dreams to the moon. Main tasks: •Carry out China’s manned lunar exploration •Operate near-Earth space station Payload: For lunar tasks, it can carry 3 astronauts round trip between the ground and lunar orbit (轨道). For near-Earth orbit tasks, it can carry 7 astronauts round trip between the ground and space station. Lanyue — The lunar lander Meaning of the name: Clasping the moon The name symbolizes the bravery and confidence of the Chinese people in exploring the universe and landing on the moon. Main tasks: •Transport between lunar orbit and lunar surface •Serve as the center for astronaut activities, energy supply, and data transmission on the moon •Support lunar exploration and activities Payload: It can carry 2 astronauts round trip, lunar rover, and scientific payloads. Exploration Steps 1. Two Long March-10 rockets are launched (发射). One carries Mengzhou and the other carries Lanyue. 2. The two spacecraft meet and join in lunar orbit and the astronauts enter the lander. 3. The Lanyue lander sends the astronauts to the lunar surface. 4. The astronauts carry out scientific exploration and sample (样本) collection on the lunar surface as planned. 5. After completing the job on the moon, the Lanyue lander takes the astronauts to go up to lunar orbit. 6. The two spacecraft meet and join again, and the astronauts take the lunar samples to the Mengzhou spacecraft. 7. The Mengzhou spacecraft returns to Earth with the moon samples. 26．Which of the following is Lanyue’s task? A．Operate near-Earth space station. B．Support Earth exploration and activities. C．Transport between the ground and space station. D．Work as the center for energy supply on the moon. 27．What can we learn from the exploration steps? A．The same rocket sends Mengzhou and Lanyue into space. B．Astronauts reach and leave the moon in the Lanyue lander. C．Mengzhou and Lanyue join together at the space station. D．The Lanyue lander returns to Earth with the samples on the moon. 28．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To encourage the youth to make inventions for China’s moon program. B．To tell the reader about the history of China’s lunar exploration journey. C．To offer suggestions on how to take up challenges in the lunar exploration task. D．To give information on the new spacecraft for China’s manned lunar exploration task. 【答案】26．D 27．B 28．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了即将将宇航员送上月球的宇宙飞船“梦舟”和“揽月”的一些信息。 26．细节理解题。根据“Main tasks: ... Serve as the center for astronaut activities, energy supply, and data transmission on the moon”可知，作为月球上的能源供应中心是“揽月”的任务。故选D。 27．细节理解题。根据“The Lanyue lander sends the astronauts to the lunar surface.”及“After completing the job on the moon, the Lanyue lander takes the astronauts to go up to lunar orbit.”可知，宇航员乘坐“揽月”着陆器到达和离开月球。故选B。 28．主旨大意题。根据“China has named the spacecraft that will put its astronauts on the moon. The new manned spacecraft is Mengzhou and the lunar lander is Lanyue ... Check the table to learn the details on China’s exciting journey to the moon.”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了即将将宇航员送上月球的宇宙飞船“梦舟”和“揽月”的一些信息。因此其目的是为了提供一些关于中国载人探月任务的新宇宙飞船的信息。故选D。 B Do you ever get the feeling that you’re being watched? Well, you might be right. According to a study published in Nature on June 23 th, astronomers have found that 1,715 stars have had a direct view of Earth since humans have been here. In order to do this, scientists used a method that looked for life on other planets. But instead, they changed the method so it could try to decide what places could see us. The team looked at 331,312 stars within 326 light-years of Earth. Out of all those stars, only 1,715 of them could see Earth within the last 5,000 years, with an extra 319 stars that will be able to see us in the next 5,000 years. “When I look up at the sky, it looks a little bit friendlier because it’s like, maybe someone is waving,” said Lisa Kaltenegger, director of the Carl Sagan  Institute at Cornell University, US, and the study’s lead writer. If a planet circling around one of those 1,715 stars is home to advanced (高级的) life, they could easily see that there is life here because of the oxygen on Earth. If that didn’t give it away, then the radio waves we have sent out into space would also be an indicator (标志). In fact, human-made radio waves have already travelled through 75 of the closest stars on Kaltenegger’s list. Why haven’t we heard from anyone yet, then? It takes a long time for messages to travel between star systems. By the time a message could be received, that advanced civilization (文明) would probably not exist any more. Alan Boss, a scientist at the Carnegie Institution for Science in the US who wasn’t part of the study, wrote in an email that this long time would limit the chances for different life to exchange “emails and TikTok videos. ” “So we should not expect aliens to show up anytime soon,” Boss said. 29．How many stars will be able to see us in the next 5,000 years? A．319. B．1,715. C．1,396. D．2,034. 30．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 6 refer to? A．A planet circling around one of those 1. 715 stars. B．Advanced life. C．Oxygen on Earth. D．Human-made radio waves. 31．What could prevent humans from exchanging messages with aliens according to Boss? A．Human-made radio waves cannot travel far. B．Aliens don’t exist. C．They can’t understand each other. D．It takes a long time for messages to travel. 32．What is the purpose of the text? A．To show new findings published in a study. B．To discuss if there is advanced life on other stars. C．To raise readers’ interest in aliens. D．To explain how messages travel between different star systems. 【答案】29．D 30．C 31．D 32．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了天文家们发现宇宙中有上千颗恒星都可以看到地球，但是因为两者之间的距离过远，信息传递需要很长时间，所以短时间内无法与外星人交换信息。 29．细节理解题。根据“Out of all those stars, only 1,715 of them could see Earth within the last 5,000 years, with an extra 319 stars that will be able to see us in the next 5,000 years.”可知，在接下来的5000年里，将会有1715+319=2034颗星球看到我们。故选D。 30．词义猜测题。根据“they could easily see that there is life here because of the oxygen on Earth.”可知，划线部分指代的是“the oxygen on Earth”，其所在句子意为：如果地球上的氧气没有泄露这个信息，那么我们发射到太空的无线电波也将是一个指示器。故选C。 31．细节理解题。根据“It takes a long time for messages to travel between star systems.”可知，信息在恒星系统之间传播需要很长时间这一点阻碍了人类与外星人交换信息。故选D。 32．主旨大意题。根据“According to a study published in Nature on June 23, astronomers (天文学家) have found that 1,715 stars have had a direct view of Earth since humans were here.”并通读全文可知，本文介绍了天文学家在研究中的一项新发现，即有上千颗恒星都可以观测到地球，故选A。 C The earth is now covered by space junk after nearly 70 years of space exploration. An accident in 2023 made the clean-up more difficult to start. According to the European Space Agency (ESA), scientists plan on testing their “junk truck”, ClearSpace-1, in 2025. It’s a spacecraft with four arms that can catch debris (碎片) and bring it back to the earth. One of its tasks is to bring back VESPA, a 113-kilogram, two-metre-wide rocket part. But it was hit by another piece of space junk in August 2023, creating new pieces. The ESA is now changing its clean-up plan. “We must reduce the creation of new space debris and begin to actively reduce the influence on other objects,” said the agency. Most satellites today are sent into the earth’s low orbit (轨道), which reach up to around 2,000 kilometres above the earth. There, spacecraft are most likely to hit each other. There may be as many as 170,000,000 pieces of space junk in orbit, according to the ESA．Big or small, any of the pieces can cause harm to a spacecraft. For example, if an object as large as 10 centimeters hit s a satellite, the satellite will break apart. As for the clean-up, scientists have some other ideas. One popular plan is to send a spacecraft carrying harpoons and magnets (磁铁). The craft would shoot the harpoon to stick into the debris before “throwing” it back to the earth. Magnets could move the debris, changing its direction. The debris would burn after entering the earth’s atmosphere so there wouldn’t be much left when it reaches the earth. Scientists are also considering shooting lasers from the spacecraft to heat up the debris surface, creating a small push that would change the debris’ orbit. This change would allow the debris to be caught by the earth’s gravity. Space junk can be very dangerous, and space agencies around the world are testing and planning the clean-up. But why haven’t they done anything yet? One reason is the high cost. But they will still keep on testing the cheap and fine clean-up. 33．What is the main purpose of ClearSpace-1? A．To test the junk truck in orbit. B．To bring VESPA back to the earth. C．To avoid the accidents in space. D．To clean up the debris from the earth’s orbit. 34．Why is the ESA changing its cleaning plan now? A．Because it was hit by a satellite. B．Because it discovered more debris in orbit. C．Because it will create new space junk. D．Because more satellites are sent into the earth. 35．What can we infer from the passage? A．The lasers from the spacecraft are to burn the debris. B．Space debris is dangerous and harmful to astronauts. C．Scientists have been doing research to clean up the space debris. D．The high cost of space cleaning will stop scientists from testing. 36．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Looking for Ways to Clean up Space B．Escaping from Crowded Space C．Dangerous Space Debris D．Excellent Space Exploration 【答案】33．D 34．C 35．C 36．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家们一直致力于清理太空碎片的研究。 33． 细节理解题。根据“It’s a spacecraft with four arms that can catch debris (碎片) and bring it back to the earth.”可知，其主要目的是清理来自地球轨道上的碎片。故选D。 34．细节理解题。根据“But it was hit by another piece of space junk in August 2023, creating new pieces. The ESA is now changing its clean-up plan. ‘We must reduce the creation of new space debris and begin to actively reduce the influence on other objects,’”可知，是因为它会产生新的太空垃圾。故选C。 35．推理判断题。根据“But they will still keep on testing the cheap and fine clean-up.”可知，他们仍将继续测试这种廉价而又精细的清理方法，由此可推知，科学家们一直在做清理太空碎片的研究。故选C。 36．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了科学家们一直致力于清理太空碎片的研究，以选项A“寻找清理太空的方法”为标题最合适。故选A。 D How much water is there on the moon? This is a question scientists have tried to answer for years. Scientists from China and the UK have now discovered that the moon may have water “reservoirs (水库)”, said a recent paper. Over billions of years, space rocks have hit the surface of the moon, causing the soil to melt and go out into space. It then cools down and falls back to the moon’s surface, forming beads (珠子) of glass. The Chang’e 5 probe, which returned to Earth on Dec 17, 2020, brought back a total of 1,731 grams of rocks and soil from the moon’s surface, including glass beads, reported Xinhua. The international research team looked into 32 glass beads. They found that about one ton of glass beads may have 500 grams of water. “This ‘water’ wasn’t a liquid but instead took the form of hydrogen (氢气) ... in the glass beads, which can easily be turned into the water we can use,” Hui Hejiu, one of the study’s authors, told Science and Technology Daily. Scientists think that the water in all of the moon's glass beads could be as much as 270 trillion (万亿) kilograms. The solar wind, which is streams of particles (粒子) let out from the sun, could be where the water in the beads comes from, said the study. The glass beads have many holes inside to catch hydrogen from the wind. If the water in the beads is easy to get, it will be a “really big deal” for space exploration, Phil Bland, an expert in Australia, told ABC News. Now, water used by astronauts during their long stays in space stations is recycled, said the China Manned Space website. The urine (尿液) produced and water used by an astronaut per day is about 2 kilograms. The liquids are collected and purified (净化) and then provided to astronauts to drink. With this new finding, human life on the moon could have a stable water source in the future. 37．What did the scientists from China and the UK discover on the moon? A．Billions of glass beads under its surface. B．A liquid water reservoir ready to be used. C．An ocean on the far side of the moon. D．Glass beads that may contain water. 38．How might astronauts get water from the beads? A．By breaking them to get the water out. B．By collecting as much from them as they can. C．By turning the hydrogen into water. D．By putting them under the sunlight. 39．What is the purpose of mentioning the Chang’e 5 probe in Paragraph 3? A．To explain what is glass beads. B．To show the Chang’e 5 probe is great. C．To prove there are glass beads on the moon. D．To tell us where to find the water 40．What can we infer from the passage above? A．The solar wind is the source of the water found in the glass beads on the moon. B．Astronauts would no longer be worried about being short of water. C．Now, astronauts get water from the solar wind. D．Getting water in the beads is not as easy as we think. 【答案】37．D 38．C 39．C 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了来自中国和英国的科学家现在发现月球可能有充足的水。 37．细节理解题。根据“Scientists from China and the UK have now discovered that the moon may have water ‘reservoirs’, said a recent paper.”和“It then cools down and falls back to the moon’s surface, forming beads of glass.”可知，中国和英国的科学家发现月球上有可能含有水的玻璃珠。故选D。 38．细节理解题。根据“This ‘water’ wasn’t a liquid but instead took the form of hydrogen ... in the glass beads, which can easily be turned into the water we can use,”可知，这种“水”不是液体，而是氢气的形式，可以转化为我们需要的水。故选C。 39．推理判断题。根据“The Chang’e 5 probe, which returned to Earth on Dec 17, 2020, brought back a total of 1,731 grams of rocks and soil from the moon’s surface, including glass beads, reported Xinhua.”可知，嫦娥五号探测器从月球表面带回了玻璃珠，可以证明这种玻璃珠是存在的。故选C。 40．推理判断题。根据“If the water in the beads is easy to get, it will be a ‘really big deal’ for space exploration”和“Now, water used by astronauts during their long stays in space stations is recycled, said the China Manned Space website.”可知，现在宇航员在空间站长期停留期间需要循环利用水，如果珠子里的水很容易获得，这对太空探索来说将是件大事，由此可推断，宇航员们日后将不必担心缺水了。故选B。 四、信息还原（共5小题，每道题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺连贯，其中有两项是多余选项。 Most people have a place to call home on Earth. What about in outer space? 41 It welcomed its first crew that year, paving(铺平) the way for 22 years of future research. “You just have this impression that we’re all citizens of not a country, but of the planet,” former NASA astronaut Scott Kelly told National Geographic about working in the ISS. 42 Over the past 22 years, the ISS has mainly been used as a science lab, hosting 241 people from 19 countries, according to NASA．They went on spacewalks, did research on how space affects the human body, and even grew plants in space. 43 For example, the station’s water purification(净化) technology has been used in poor areas to provide clean drinking water. The station also helps to warn us of natural disasters, such as earthquakes. However, after being our home in space for over 7,000 days, the station is starting to get old. It has leaked(漏出) air a few times. 44 After that, scientists will bring it down to Earth. It is believed that Earth’s atmosphere(大气) will burn up most of the station. Other debris(残骸）will fall into the Pacific Ocean. In the future, space will be home to more stations like the ISS. NASA is building a space station that is smaller than the ISS near the moon. 45 A．Scientists think that the station can keep working until 2024. B．Also, China will have its own space station up and running by the end of 2022. C．The International Space Station(ISS) became our first “home” in space in 2000. D．He felt they were all in the thing called humanity together. E．The International Space Station weighs about 430 tons. F．The station’s development has also done good to people on Earth. 【答案】41．C 42．D 43．F 44．A 45．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，对国际空间站进行了详细介绍。 41．根据“Most people have a place to call home on Earth. What about in outer space?”可知，大多数人在地球上都有一个可以称之为家的地方。在外太空呢？此处谈及外太空的“家”，选项C“国际空间站(ISS)在2000年成为我们在太空中的第一个‘家’”符合语境，故选C。 42．根据“You just have this impression that we’re all citizens of not a country, but of the planet”可知，我们都不是某个国家的公民，而是这个星球的公民。选项D“他觉得他们都是人类的一部分”符合语境，故选D。 43．根据“For example, the station’s water purification(净化) technology has been used in poor areas to provide clean drinking water. The station also helps to warn us of natural disasters, such as earthquakes.”可知，此处介绍空间站的发展带来的好处，选项F“空间站的发展也给地球上的人们带来了好处”符合语境，故选F。 44．根据“However, after being our home in space for over 7,000 days, the station is starting to get old. It has leaked(漏出) air a few times. ...After that, scientists will bring it down to Earth.”可知，此处介绍空间站也有问题，而且将会被带回地球。选项A“科学家们认为空间站可以一直工作到2024年”符合语境，故选A。 45．根据“In the future, space will be home to more stations like the ISS.”可知，未来，太空将有更多像国际空间站这样的空间站。选项B“此外，中国将在2022年底建立并运行自己的空间站”符合语境，故选B。 五、综合填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面的短文，在短文空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。将所填答案填写在相应题号的横线上。 Major General Jing Haipeng, one of the first generation of Chinese astronauts, is 46 first Chinese person to return to space and travel three times into orbit. On Tuesday, he would carry out a 47 (four) space journey through Shenzhou XVI mission. So far, he 48 (be) a crew commander for the third time. Born to a poor family in a village in Shanxi province’s Yuncheng city, Jing is the first child of his farmer parents. Jing studied very hard at school in the hope of 49 (go) to university to get the family out of poverty and make his parents happy. So he never 50 (buy) a single meal at middle school and lived on dry food and salted vegetables he brought from home. “The hard life had not only given me the courage to face so many 51 (difficulty) and challenges, but also inspired (鼓舞) me to chase my dream.” he said. “At middle school, I wished I could become a fighter jet pilot, protecting our motherland’s blue skies.” Jing said. The chance soon came in March 1985, the young man applied and took part in the choice process successfully. Three months 52 (late), he went to an Air Force flight college in Baoding, Hebei province. After five and a half years of strong training, Jing was designated to a fighter jet unit at the age of 24. “I always told 53 (I) that top pilots only come from those who train hardest.” Jing said. In the years in the fighter jet unit, he 54 (praise) as an excellent pilot. In the summer of 1996, Jing was told 55 (take) physical exams by his leader without knowing the reason. He soon learned that the body check was part of the choice for China’s first astronauts. 【答案】 46．the 47．fourth 48．has been 49．going 50．bought 51．difficulties 52．later 53．myself 54．was praised 55．to take 【导语】本文介绍了中国航天员景海鹏。 46．句意：景海鹏少将是中国第一代航天员之一，他是中国第一个重返太空并三次进入轨道的人。根据“first Chinese person”可知，修饰序数词应该填定冠词the。故填the。 47．句意：周二，他将通过神舟十六号执行第四次太空旅行任务。根据“a…space journey”可知，此处指的第四次，a fourth space journey“第四次太空旅行”，故填fourth。 48．句意：到目前为止，他已经是第三次担任机组指挥官了。根据“So far,”可知，此处是现在完成时，主语是“he”。故填has been。 49．句意：他在学校学习很努力，希望能考上大学，让家里摆脱贫困，让父母开心。根据“in the hope of ”可知，设空处前是介词of，填动名词。故填going。 50．句意：因此，他在中学时从未买过一顿饭，靠从家里带回来的干粮和咸菜维生。根据“and lived on dry food and salted vegetables he brought from home.”可知，该句是一般过去时，动词buy填过去式bought。故填bought。 51．句意：艰苦的生活不仅给了我面对困难和挑战的勇气，也激励我追逐梦想。difficulty“困难”，根据“many”可知，填名词复数，故填difficulties。 52．句意：三个月后，他去了河北保定的一所空军飞行学院。根据“Three months”可知，考查three months later“三个月后”。故填later。 53．句意：我总是告诉自己，顶级飞行员只来自那些训练最刻苦的人。根据“I always told”可知，此次指的告诉我自己，myself“我自己”符合语境。故填myself。 54．句意：在战斗机部队服役的几年里，他被称赞为一名优秀的飞行员。根据“he…as an excellent pilot.”可知，此处指的他被称赞，该句描述发生过的动作，该句是一般过去时的被动语态，故填was praised。 55．句意：1996年夏天，景在不知道原因的情况下被领导叫去体检。take physical exams“体检”，根据“Jing was told”可知，考查be told to do sth“被告知做某事”，故填to take。 六、首字母填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 What will astronauts eat when a space trip takes years? “Lots of fresh vegetables,” says Dr. Janet Williams, whose team have spent the last 10 years learning h 56 to grow plants in a space station. And it’s a good thing that she has already started her work. As u 57 , astronaut George White looked into the closed plant room. He had planted Dr. Williams’s quick-growing seedlings (幼苗) in it, but none of the stems (茎) was showing. He opened the room to check and found the p 58 . The roots (根) weren’t growing downwards and the stems weren’t growing upwards. On Earth, gravity helps a plant’s stems and roots to find “up” and “down”. H 59 , there was almost no gravity in the space station. Dr. Williams advised to give the plants more light, as plants also use sunlight to find their way. And i 60 worked. Then Dr. Williams was worried about the n 61 problem: Can we grow food on a space journey? Many plants died in the space station. Dr.Williams thought she knew w 62 the space plants were hungry for air. Plants live by taking up CO2 from the air. Since a plant uses it up in the air a 63 , the plant needs moving air to bring more CO2 c 64 to its surface! Dr. Williams tried a new greenhouse that had a fan to keep the air moving. The plants loved it. They flowered and e 65 produced more seeds. “And this,” says Dr. Williams, “is good news for long-term space travel.” 【答案】 56．(h)ow 57．(u)sual 58．(p)roblem 59．(H)owever 60．(i)t 61．(n)ew 62．(w)hy 63．(a)round 64．(c)lose 65．(e)ven 【导语】本文介绍了一个团队在太空站内种植植物的经历。由于太空站内几乎没有重力，植物难以生长。团队通过增加光照和空气流动解决了这个问题，最终成功种植出了植物。这对于长期太空旅行来说是个好消息，因为宇航员需要新鲜的蔬菜来维持健康。 56．句意：“很多新鲜蔬菜，”Janet Williams博士说，她的团队在过去10年里一直在学习如何在空间站种植植物。结合语境及首字母提示，空缺处应填how“如何”与动词不定式连用，作learning的宾语，故填(h)ow。 57．句意：和往常一样，宇航员George White望向封闭的植物房。结合语境及首字母提示，空缺处应填usual，构成短语as usual，意为“和往常一样”，故填(u)sual。 58．句意：他打开房间查看，发现了问题。结合上文“He had planted Dr. Williams’s quick-growing seedlings (幼苗) in it, but none of the stems (茎) was showing.”可知，他把Williams博士的快速生长的幼苗种在里面，但没有一根茎露出来，这说明出了问题，结合首字母提示，空缺处应填problem“问题”，故填(p)roblem。 59．句意：然而，空间站中几乎没有重力。结合上下文及首字母提示，此处承上启下表示转折，作为句首首字母要大写，空缺处应填However“然而”，故填(H)owever。 60．句意：它奏效了。结合首字母提示，空缺处应填it“它”代替上文提到way，故填(i)t。 61．句意：然后Williams博士担心新的问题：我们能在太空旅行中种植食物吗？结合下文“Can we grow food on a space journey?”及首字母提示是新的问题，空缺处应填new“新的”，故填(n)ew。 62．句意：Williams博士认为她知道太空植物为什么需要空气。根据下文“Plants live by taking up CO2 from the air.”可知，这句解释了植物需要空气的原因，结合语境及首字母提示，空缺处应填why“为什么”引导宾语从句，故填(w)hy。 63．句意：由于植物消耗掉了周围空气中的二氧化碳，因此植物需要流动的空气带来更多的二氧化碳来接近其表面！根据“ Since a plant uses it up in the air”及首字母提示可知是使用周围的空气，空缺处应填around“周围”，故填(a)round。 64．句意：由于植物消耗掉了周围空气中的二氧化碳，因此植物需要流动的空气带来更多的二氧化碳来接近其表面！根据“to its surface”及首字母提示可知是接近表明，空缺处应填close，构成短语close to，意为“接近”，故填(c)lose。 65．句意：它们开花，甚至结出更多的种子。结合语境及首字母提示，空缺处应填even“甚至”，表示甚至结出更多的种子，故填(e)ven。 七、任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 What is personality? Personality is the pattern of feelings, thoughts and behavior shown through people’s lives. It makes them different from others. Each person’s personality is made up of different personality characters such as kindness or shyness. These characters decide how people behave in different situations. For example, if someone shy is served the wrong meal in a restaurant, he probably won’t say anything. On the other hand, someone outgoing will probably complain and get the meal he ordered. Where does your personality come from? The human brain is like a computer because it controls the human body just as a computer controls a robot. However, humans aren’t robots! We have personalities. The human brain has a special part giving us personality and allowing us to think for ourselves, unlike a computer. This part of the brain is called the mind. Personality types Clearly scientists cannot study the mind by looking inside someone’s brain! All they would see is blood and grey matter. To study the mind, scientists have to study human behavior. This includes watching people carefully and organizing personality tests like this one: 1. Do you think you’re pretty or good-looking? 2. Would you rather read a book or go to a party? 3. Do you have a large group of friends or just one or two close friends? 4. Do you mind talking in public or does it scare you? 5. Are you messy or neat? 6. Do you plan your work well or do you do things at the last minute? Scientists believe that answers to these types of questions tell us something about a person’s personality characters. After asking thousands of people thousands of questions, they’ve found that some personality characters seem to go together. This has led scientists to believe that there’re certain personality types. For example, shy people are often quiet. They have an introverted (内向的) personality type. The opposite is an extroverted (外向的) personality type — people who are outgoing, talkative and like being around other people. 66．What is personality? 67．Why is the human brain like a computer? 68．How do scientists study human behavior? 69．How many personality types are mentioned in this passage? 70．What decides your personality?（请自拟一句话作答） 【答案】66．Personality/It is the pattern of feelings, thoughts and behavior shown through people’s lives. 67．Because it controls the human body just as a computer controls a robot. 68．It includes watching people carefully and organizing personality tests. 69．Two./2. 70．The mind decides one’s personality.（言之成理即可） 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人的性格。 66．根据原文“Personality is the pattern of feelings, thoughts and behavior shown through people’s lives.”可知，性格是通过人们的生活表现出来的感情、思想和行为的模式。故填Personality/It is the pattern of feelings, thoughts and behavior shown through people’s lives. 67．根据原文“The human brain is like a computer because it controls the human body just as a computer controls a robot”可知，人脑就像一台电脑，因为它控制着人体，就像电脑控制着机器人一样。故填Because it controls the human body just as a computer controls a robot. 68．根据原文“To study the mind, scientists have to study human behavior. This includes watching people carefully and organizing personality tests …”可知，科学家通过观察和组织性格测试来研究人类的行为。故填It includes watching people carefully and organizing personality tests. 69．根据原文“They have an introverted (内向的) personality type. The opposite is an extroverted (外向的) personality type — people who are outgoing, talkative and like being around other people”可知，文中提到了内向和外向两种性格。故填Two./2. 70．本小题无标准答案，学生言之成理即可。故参考答案为：The mind decides one’s personality. 8、 作文（满分20分） 71．由于地球愈来愈拥挤，将来我们有可能移居火星。请根据要点提示以“Life on Mars in the future”为题，写一篇短文来描述将来在火星上的生活情况。 要点： 1. 因为火星重力只有地球重力的八分之三，所以人们出去不得不穿特制的靴子以免他们飘浮进入太空； 2. 人们将有更多空间，他们将住在大而舒服的房间里； 3. 人们能有更多的时间放松，因为机器人做了大部分工作； 4. 火星上的食物将是药片的形式，没有地球上的食物可口； 5. 火星上没有学校，每个学生将有一台和星际网络相连的电脑，他们将在网络学校和电子老师一起学习； 6. 航天飞机速度很快，但不是很舒服。 要求： 1. 语意连贯，层次清晰，书写清楚； 2. 文中不得出现真实的校名和人名； 3. 词数：90左右，文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Life on Mars in the future In the future, people would move to other planets including Mars because the Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted. What would life on Mars be like? Let’s go and have a look. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Life on Mars in the future In the future, people would move to other planets including Mars because the Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted. What would life on Mars be like? Let’s go and have a look. The gravity on Mars is only about three-eighths of that on the Earth, so people would have to wear special boots to keep themselves from floating off into space when they go out. People would have more space and they would live in big, comfortable rooms. What’s more, people could have more time to relax because robots would do most of the work. The food on Mars would be in the form of pills. It would not be as tasty as that on the Earth. There would be no schools on Mars. Every student would have a computer at home connected to an interplanetary network. They would study at online school with e-teachers. The spacecraft would travel very fast, but it is not very comfortable. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文为说明文，是一篇材料作文。 ②时态：本文要用一般现在时。 ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生注意不要遗漏要点，并适当增加细节，突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] ①第一步，开头已给出，交代了写作背景和写作目的：介绍未来火星上的生活。 ②第二步，介绍火星上的生活，根据所给要点，适当发挥想象，增加细节。 [亮点词汇] ①gravity 重力 ②keep…from doing sth. 阻止……做某事 ③what’s more 另外 ④in the form of… 以……的形式 ⑤as…as 和……一样 [高分句型] ①people would have to wear special boots to keep themselves from floating off into space when they go out. (when引导时间状语从句) ②people could have more time to relax because robots would do most of the work. (because引导原因状语从句) 答案第10页，共10页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Life on Mars单元测试（南通专用） 注意事项： 1.全卷满分120分。考试时间为120分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上, 答在本试卷上无效。 2.请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合,再将 自己的姓名、考试证号用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。 3.答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置,在其他位置答题一律无效。 一、单项选择（本题共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1．—Have you ever seen ________ China Pavilion (展馆)? —Yes. ________ traditional one indeed. A．a; The B．the; A C．a; A D．the; The 2．—Mom, I’ve signed for a big box by Future Express（快递）. What’s in it? —I’m not sure. It________be a present from your brother. A．might B．must C．should D．will 3．The workers recycle the old newspapers ________ waste them. A．so that not B．in order not to C．in order to D．so that 4．Chairperson Xi said that education decides the today and future of the mankind ________ the ________ Teachers’ Day. A．on; thirty-two B．in; thirty-two C．on; thirty-second D．at; thirtieth-second 5．The Shape of Water was a big winner at the 90th Academy Awards, winning four Oscars: Best Production Design, Best Original Score, ________ Best Director and Best Picture. A．as soon as B．as well as C．as much as D．as good as 6．My car broke down ________ the cold weather, so I had to walk to my office. A．instead of B．because of C．as for D．because 7．The government has decided ______ the telephone lines ______ to every village. A．having; connecting B．having; to connect C．to have; connected D．to have; to connect 8．The students ________ don’t study hard will not pass the exam. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 9．—Can you guess if Mike ________ swimming this afternoon? —Sure. I think he will go with us if he ________ free. A．will go; is B．will go; will be C．goes; is D．goes; will be 10．—I’m going to take part in Sing! China next month. —________ I am sure you will win. A．Never mind. B．Good luck! C．What a pity! D．My Pleasure. 二、完形填空(本题共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The Shenzhou XVII astronauts started their space mission (任务) on Oct 26. Their spaceship 11 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. On the spaceship are 12 astronauts: Tang Hongbo, 48; Tang Shengjie, 33; and Jiang Xinlin, 35. Their spaceship then joined with the Tiangong space station. They will do science studies and tests in space, 13 spacewalks. The Shenzhou XVII team, on average (平均地), has the space station’s youngest astronauts. One of the astronauts Jiang Xinlin is from Henan. Both of his parents are 14 . They didn’t know their son was an astronaut 15 Oct 26. They felt very 16 of their son and watched the news live on TV with their neighbors and relatives. Jiang has two sisters and a brother, they lived a 17 life when he was young. Their family could only make a living by growing crops and raising sheep in a small village. Jiang Xinlin had to work to 18 his family when he was only fifteen years old. Although it was tiring and hard that time, he never 19 . He kept on studying after work every day. Later, his brother gave up study and found work to support their study. This hard 20 made him unforgettable, but also let him deeply understand that only studying can 21 a better future. After attending junior high school, Jiang Xinlin studied even harder and 22 a military academy when he graduated. He worked as a pilot 23 about ten years and became an astronaut in 2020. As an astronaut, you should not only have a strong body, but also much professional knowledge. Jiang Xinlin practised necessary skills in the daytime and learned knowledge in the evening. At last, he was 24 as the Shenzhou XVII astronaut. 25 hard work, Jiang Xinlin proves that if we keep working hard and never give up, we can surely make our dreams come true. 11．A．gave off B．put off C．took off D．got off 12．A．one B．two C．three D．four 13．A．as good as B．as well as C．as soon as D．as long as 14．A．doctors B．astronauts C．farmers D．students 15．A．until B．since C．after D．when 16．A．patient B．popular C．perfect D．proud 17．A．rich B．poor C．happy D．cheerful 18．A．support B．suppose C．survive D．suggest 19．A．put up B．gave up C．turned up D．got up 20．A．education B．example C．experience D．environment 21．A．talk to B．reply to C．belong to D．lead to 22．A．ended B．enjoyed C．entered D．expected 23．A．in B．with C．to D．for 24．A．chosen B．changed C．checked D．cheered 25．A．Though B．Through C．Thought D．Although 三、 阅读理解(本题共15小题；每小题2分, 满分30分) 请认真阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A China has named the spacecraft that will put its astronauts on the moon. The new manned spacecraft is Mengzhou and the lunar lander is Lanyue. China plans to land its astronauts on the moon around 2030. Check the table to learn the details on China’s exciting journey to the moon. MENGZHOU AND LANYUETake Chinese People’s Dream To The Moon Closer Mengzhou — The manned spacecraft Meaning of the name: Dream boat The name carries the Chinese people’s space exploration dreams to the moon. Main tasks: •Carry out China’s manned lunar exploration •Operate near-Earth space station Payload: For lunar tasks, it can carry 3 astronauts round trip between the ground and lunar orbit (轨道). For near-Earth orbit tasks, it can carry 7 astronauts round trip between the ground and space station. Lanyue — The lunar lander Meaning of the name: Clasping the moon The name symbolizes the bravery and confidence of the Chinese people in exploring the universe and landing on the moon. Main tasks: •Transport between lunar orbit and lunar surface •Serve as the center for astronaut activities, energy supply, and data transmission on the moon •Support lunar exploration and activities Payload: It can carry 2 astronauts round trip, lunar rover, and scientific payloads. Exploration Steps 1. Two Long March-10 rockets are launched (发射). One carries Mengzhou and the other carries Lanyue. 2. The two spacecraft meet and join in lunar orbit and the astronauts enter the lander. 3. The Lanyue lander sends the astronauts to the lunar surface. 4. The astronauts carry out scientific exploration and sample (样本) collection on the lunar surface as planned. 5. After completing the job on the moon, the Lanyue lander takes the astronauts to go up to lunar orbit. 6. The two spacecraft meet and join again, and the astronauts take the lunar samples to the Mengzhou spacecraft. 7. The Mengzhou spacecraft returns to Earth with the moon samples. 26．Which of the following is Lanyue’s task? A．Operate near-Earth space station. B．Support Earth exploration and activities. C．Transport between the ground and space station. D．Work as the center for energy supply on the moon. 27．What can we learn from the exploration steps? A．The same rocket sends Mengzhou and Lanyue into space. B．Astronauts reach and leave the moon in the Lanyue lander. C．Mengzhou and Lanyue join together at the space station. D．The Lanyue lander returns to Earth with the samples on the moon. 28．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To encourage the youth to make inventions for China’s moon program. B．To tell the reader about the history of China’s lunar exploration journey. C．To offer suggestions on how to take up challenges in the lunar exploration task. D．To give information on the new spacecraft for China’s manned lunar exploration task. B Do you ever get the feeling that you’re being watched? Well, you might be right. According to a study published in Nature on June 23 th, astronomers have found that 1,715 stars have had a direct view of Earth since humans have been here. In order to do this, scientists used a method that looked for life on other planets. But instead, they changed the method so it could try to decide what places could see us. The team looked at 331,312 stars within 326 light-years of Earth. Out of all those stars, only 1,715 of them could see Earth within the last 5,000 years, with an extra 319 stars that will be able to see us in the next 5,000 years. “When I look up at the sky, it looks a little bit friendlier because it’s like, maybe someone is waving,” said Lisa Kaltenegger, director of the Carl Sagan  Institute at Cornell University, US, and the study’s lead writer. If a planet circling around one of those 1,715 stars is home to advanced (高级的) life, they could easily see that there is life here because of the oxygen on Earth. If that didn’t give it away, then the radio waves we have sent out into space would also be an indicator (标志). In fact, human-made radio waves have already travelled through 75 of the closest stars on Kaltenegger’s list. Why haven’t we heard from anyone yet, then? It takes a long time for messages to travel between star systems. By the time a message could be received, that advanced civilization (文明) would probably not exist any more. Alan Boss, a scientist at the Carnegie Institution for Science in the US who wasn’t part of the study, wrote in an email that this long time would limit the chances for different life to exchange “emails and TikTok videos. ” “So we should not expect aliens to show up anytime soon,” Boss said. 29．How many stars will be able to see us in the next 5,000 years? A．319. B．1,715. C．1,396. D．2,034. 30．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 6 refer to? A．A planet circling around one of those 1. 715 stars. B．Advanced life. C．Oxygen on Earth. D．Human-made radio waves. 31．What could prevent humans from exchanging messages with aliens according to Boss? A．Human-made radio waves cannot travel far. B．Aliens don’t exist. C．They can’t understand each other. D．It takes a long time for messages to travel. 32．What is the purpose of the text? A．To show new findings published in a study. B．To discuss if there is advanced life on other stars. C．To raise readers’ interest in aliens. D．To explain how messages travel between different star systems. C The earth is now covered by space junk after nearly 70 years of space exploration. An accident in 2023 made the clean-up more difficult to start. According to the European Space Agency (ESA), scientists plan on testing their “junk truck”, ClearSpace-1, in 2025. It’s a spacecraft with four arms that can catch debris (碎片) and bring it back to the earth. One of its tasks is to bring back VESPA, a 113-kilogram, two-metre-wide rocket part. But it was hit by another piece of space junk in August 2023, creating new pieces. The ESA is now changing its clean-up plan. “We must reduce the creation of new space debris and begin to actively reduce the influence on other objects,” said the agency. Most satellites today are sent into the earth’s low orbit (轨道), which reach up to around 2,000 kilometres above the earth. There, spacecraft are most likely to hit each other. There may be as many as 170,000,000 pieces of space junk in orbit, according to the ESA．Big or small, any of the pieces can cause harm to a spacecraft. For example, if an object as large as 10 centimeters hit s a satellite, the satellite will break apart. As for the clean-up, scientists have some other ideas. One popular plan is to send a spacecraft carrying harpoons and magnets (磁铁). The craft would shoot the harpoon to stick into the debris before “throwing” it back to the earth. Magnets could move the debris, changing its direction. The debris would burn after entering the earth’s atmosphere so there wouldn’t be much left when it reaches the earth. Scientists are also considering shooting lasers from the spacecraft to heat up the debris surface, creating a small push that would change the debris’ orbit. This change would allow the debris to be caught by the earth’s gravity. Space junk can be very dangerous, and space agencies around the world are testing and planning the clean-up. But why haven’t they done anything yet? One reason is the high cost. But they will still keep on testing the cheap and fine clean-up. 33．What is the main purpose of ClearSpace-1? A．To test the junk truck in orbit. B．To bring VESPA back to the earth. C．To avoid the accidents in space. D．To clean up the debris from the earth’s orbit. 34．Why is the ESA changing its cleaning plan now? A．Because it was hit by a satellite. B．Because it discovered more debris in orbit. C．Because it will create new space junk. D．Because more satellites are sent into the earth. 35．What can we infer from the passage? A．The lasers from the spacecraft are to burn the debris. B．Space debris is dangerous and harmful to astronauts. C．Scientists have been doing research to clean up the space debris. D．The high cost of space cleaning will stop scientists from testing. 36．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Looking for Ways to Clean up Space B．Escaping from Crowded Space C．Dangerous Space Debris D．Excellent Space Exploration D How much water is there on the moon? This is a question scientists have tried to answer for years. Scientists from China and the UK have now discovered that the moon may have water “reservoirs (水库)”, said a recent paper. Over billions of years, space rocks have hit the surface of the moon, causing the soil to melt and go out into space. It then cools down and falls back to the moon’s surface, forming beads (珠子) of glass. The Chang’e 5 probe, which returned to Earth on Dec 17, 2020, brought back a total of 1,731 grams of rocks and soil from the moon’s surface, including glass beads, reported Xinhua. The international research team looked into 32 glass beads. They found that about one ton of glass beads may have 500 grams of water. “This ‘water’ wasn’t a liquid but instead took the form of hydrogen (氢气) ... in the glass beads, which can easily be turned into the water we can use,” Hui Hejiu, one of the study’s authors, told Science and Technology Daily. Scientists think that the water in all of the moon's glass beads could be as much as 270 trillion (万亿) kilograms. The solar wind, which is streams of particles (粒子) let out from the sun, could be where the water in the beads comes from, said the study. The glass beads have many holes inside to catch hydrogen from the wind. If the water in the beads is easy to get, it will be a “really big deal” for space exploration, Phil Bland, an expert in Australia, told ABC News. Now, water used by astronauts during their long stays in space stations is recycled, said the China Manned Space website. The urine (尿液) produced and water used by an astronaut per day is about 2 kilograms. The liquids are collected and purified (净化) and then provided to astronauts to drink. With this new finding, human life on the moon could have a stable water source in the future. 37．What did the scientists from China and the UK discover on the moon? A．Billions of glass beads under its surface. B．A liquid water reservoir ready to be used. C．An ocean on the far side of the moon. D．Glass beads that may contain water. 38．How might astronauts get water from the beads? A．By breaking them to get the water out. B．By collecting as much from them as they can. C．By turning the hydrogen into water. D．By putting them under the sunlight. 39．What is the purpose of mentioning the Chang’e 5 probe in Paragraph 3? A．To explain what is glass beads. B．To show the Chang’e 5 probe is great. C．To prove there are glass beads on the moon. D．To tell us where to find the water 40．What can we infer from the passage above? A．The solar wind is the source of the water found in the glass beads on the moon. B．Astronauts would no longer be worried about being short of water. C．Now, astronauts get water from the solar wind. D．Getting water in the beads is not as easy as we think. 四、信息还原（共5小题，每道题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺连贯，其中有两项是多余选项。 Most people have a place to call home on Earth. What about in outer space? 41 It welcomed its first crew that year, paving(铺平) the way for 22 years of future research. “You just have this impression that we’re all citizens of not a country, but of the planet,” former NASA astronaut Scott Kelly told National Geographic about working in the ISS. 42 Over the past 22 years, the ISS has mainly been used as a science lab, hosting 241 people from 19 countries, according to NASA．They went on spacewalks, did research on how space affects the human body, and even grew plants in space. 43 For example, the station’s water purification(净化) technology has been used in poor areas to provide clean drinking water. The station also helps to warn us of natural disasters, such as earthquakes. However, after being our home in space for over 7,000 days, the station is starting to get old. It has leaked(漏出) air a few times. 44 After that, scientists will bring it down to Earth. It is believed that Earth’s atmosphere(大气) will burn up most of the station. Other debris(残骸）will fall into the Pacific Ocean. In the future, space will be home to more stations like the ISS. NASA is building a space station that is smaller than the ISS near the moon. 45 A．Scientists think that the station can keep working until 2024. B．Also, China will have its own space station up and running by the end of 2022. C．The International Space Station(ISS) became our first “home” in space in 2000. D．He felt they were all in the thing called humanity together. E．The International Space Station weighs about 430 tons. F．The station’s development has also done good to people on Earth. 五、综合填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面的短文，在短文空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。将所填答案填写在相应题号的横线上。 Major General Jing Haipeng, one of the first generation of Chinese astronauts, is 46 first Chinese person to return to space and travel three times into orbit. On Tuesday, he would carry out a 47 (four) space journey through Shenzhou XVI mission. So far, he 48 (be) a crew commander for the third time. Born to a poor family in a village in Shanxi province’s Yuncheng city, Jing is the first child of his farmer parents. Jing studied very hard at school in the hope of 49 (go) to university to get the family out of poverty and make his parents happy. So he never 50 (buy) a single meal at middle school and lived on dry food and salted vegetables he brought from home. “The hard life had not only given me the courage to face so many 51 (difficulty) and challenges, but also inspired (鼓舞) me to chase my dream.” he said. “At middle school, I wished I could become a fighter jet pilot, protecting our motherland’s blue skies.” Jing said. The chance soon came in March 1985, the young man applied and took part in the choice process successfully. Three months 52 (late), he went to an Air Force flight college in Baoding, Hebei province. After five and a half years of strong training, Jing was designated to a fighter jet unit at the age of 24. “I always told 53 (I) that top pilots only come from those who train hardest.” Jing said. In the years in the fighter jet unit, he 54 (praise) as an excellent pilot. In the summer of 1996, Jing was told 55 (take) physical exams by his leader without knowing the reason. He soon learned that the body check was part of the choice for China’s first astronauts. 六、首字母填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 What will astronauts eat when a space trip takes years? “Lots of fresh vegetables,” says Dr. Janet Williams, whose team have spent the last 10 years learning h 56 to grow plants in a space station. And it’s a good thing that she has already started her work. As u 57 , astronaut George White looked into the closed plant room. He had planted Dr. Williams’s quick-growing seedlings (幼苗) in it, but none of the stems (茎) was showing. He opened the room to check and found the p 58 . The roots (根) weren’t growing downwards and the stems weren’t growing upwards. On Earth, gravity helps a plant’s stems and roots to find “up” and “down”. H 59 , there was almost no gravity in the space station. Dr. Williams advised to give the plants more light, as plants also use sunlight to find their way. And i 60 worked. Then Dr. Williams was worried about the n 61 problem: Can we grow food on a space journey? Many plants died in the space station. Dr.Williams thought she knew w 62 the space plants were hungry for air. Plants live by taking up CO2 from the air. Since a plant uses it up in the air a 63 , the plant needs moving air to bring more CO2 c 64 to its surface! Dr. Williams tried a new greenhouse that had a fan to keep the air moving. The plants loved it. They flowered and e 65 produced more seeds. “And this,” says Dr. Williams, “is good news for long-term space travel.” 七、任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 What is personality? Personality is the pattern of feelings, thoughts and behavior shown through people’s lives. It makes them different from others. Each person’s personality is made up of different personality characters such as kindness or shyness. These characters decide how people behave in different situations. For example, if someone shy is served the wrong meal in a restaurant, he probably won’t say anything. On the other hand, someone outgoing will probably complain and get the meal he ordered. Where does your personality come from? The human brain is like a computer because it controls the human body just as a computer controls a robot. However, humans aren’t robots! We have personalities. The human brain has a special part giving us personality and allowing us to think for ourselves, unlike a computer. This part of the brain is called the mind. Personality types Clearly scientists cannot study the mind by looking inside someone’s brain! All they would see is blood and grey matter. To study the mind, scientists have to study human behavior. This includes watching people carefully and organizing personality tests like this one: 1. Do you think you’re pretty or good-looking? 2. Would you rather read a book or go to a party? 3. Do you have a large group of friends or just one or two close friends? 4. Do you mind talking in public or does it scare you? 5. Are you messy or neat? 6. Do you plan your work well or do you do things at the last minute? Scientists believe that answers to these types of questions tell us something about a person’s personality characters. After asking thousands of people thousands of questions, they’ve found that some personality characters seem to go together. This has led scientists to believe that there’re certain personality types. For example, shy people are often quiet. They have an introverted (内向的) personality type. The opposite is an extroverted (外向的) personality type — people who are outgoing, talkative and like being around other people. 66．What is personality? 67．Why is the human brain like a computer? 68．How do scientists study human behavior? 69．How many personality types are mentioned in this passage? 70．What decides your personality?（请自拟一句话作答） 8、 作文（满分20分） 71．由于地球愈来愈拥挤，将来我们有可能移居火星。请根据要点提示以“Life on Mars in the future”为题，写一篇短文来描述将来在火星上的生活情况。 要点： 1. 因为火星重力只有地球重力的八分之三，所以人们出去不得不穿特制的靴子以免他们飘浮进入太空； 2. 人们将有更多空间，他们将住在大而舒服的房间里； 3. 人们能有更多的时间放松，因为机器人做了大部分工作； 4. 火星上的食物将是药片的形式，没有地球上的食物可口； 5. 火星上没有学校，每个学生将有一台和星际网络相连的电脑，他们将在网络学校和电子老师一起学习； 6. 航天飞机速度很快，但不是很舒服。 要求： 1. 语意连贯，层次清晰，书写清楚； 2. 文中不得出现真实的校名和人名； 3. 词数：90左右，文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Life on Mars in the future In the future, people would move to other planets including Mars because the Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted. What would life on Mars be like? Let’s go and have a look. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案第10页，共10页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$