精品解析：上海市格致中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试题

格致中学二〇二三学年度第二学期期中考试 高一年级英语试卷 （共10页） （测试100分钟内完成，总分100分，试后交答题纸） 友情提示：昨天，你既然经历了艰苦的学习，今天，你必将赢得可喜的收获！祝你：诚实守信，沉着冷静，细致踏实，自信自强，去迎接胜利！ I. Listening Comprehension 16% Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. To answer the door. B. To fix the doorbell. C. To get a job. D. To ask for instructions. 2. A. At the airport. B. In a restaurant. C. In a booking office. D. At the hotel reception. 3. A. She has lost a lot of weight. B. She lost some money last year. C. She spent a lot on cosmetic surgery. D. She is having health problems. 4. A. Taking photographs. B. Downloading images. C. Fixing cameras. D. Painting pictures. 5. A. The woman is going to hold a party tomorrow. B. The man asks the woman not to attend the party. C. The woman doesn’t know how to get to the party. D. The man offers to drive the woman to the party. 6. A. Tokyo is a city with a short history. B. He can provide little useful information. C. He can show the woman around the city. D. He has lived in Tokyo for a long time. 7. A. She will meet the man in his office. B. She has an appointment with the man. C. She had a traffic accident that morning. D. She can’t finish making the jam before 9. 8. A. Play some music. B. Remove the power plug. C. Repair the sound box. D. Start the car engine. 9. A. She can’t stand the hot weather. B. The beach resort is a better choice. C. She enjoys visiting the art museums. D. The man should develop a taste for art. 10. A. He is satisfied with his new job. B. He wants his workload to be shared. C. He doesn’t like his new office. D. He gets pressure from his new position. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. A promotion of outdoor clothes. B. An introduction of West Virginia. C. A weekend vacation to a famous resort. D. A free trip to an unknown destination. 12. A. Regretful. B. Frustrating. C. Worthwhile. D. Comfortable. 13. A. Mystery trips. B. Outdoor adventures. C. Social media. D. Travel destinations. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Goods are scarce and hard to get for ordinary consumers. B. People aim for social distinction through what they own. C. Manufacturers make more money by mass production. D. Growth of consumerism is restricted by artificial products. 15. A. To cut down on labour costs by reducing working hours. B. To make customers feel they own something rare. C. To increase their coffee price without losing customers. D. To focus more on quality and customer satisfaction. 16. A. Consumer awareness. B. Social distinction. C. Artificial scarcity. D. Mass production. II. Grammar and Vocabulary: Section A. Grammar (8%) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. Do you want to pick the tickets up yourself or have them _____ to you, sir? A. deliver B. to deliver C. delivered D. delivering 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意为：先生，您是自己来取票还是让人送票给您？have sth. done是固定短语，意为“使某物被……”，因此空格处是过去分词delivered，表被动，作宾补。故选C。 2. Scientists observed that an unexplained burst of light ________600,000 suns in brightness occurred from a star in the universe. A. equaling to B. was equal C. equaled D. equaling 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们观察到，宇宙中的一颗恒星发生了一场亮度相当于60万个太阳的无法解释的光爆发。that从句中的谓语是occurred，空格处用非谓语形式，equal to是固定短语，意为“相当于”，burst和equal之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作定语，故选A。 3. _____in the sports world, a sportsman needs to train constantly to keep himself in best condition. A. Survive B. Surviving C. To survive D. Survived 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了在体育界生存，一个运动员需要持续训练来保持自己处于最佳状态。根据句意“为了在体育界生存”可知，此处为不定式做目的状语，故选C。 4. Daylight saving time begins at 2: 00 a. m. local time on the second Sunday in March, ________clocks spring forward an hour, typically ________observers to lose an hour of sleep. A. which caused B. when, causing C. which, causing D. when, caused 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和非谓语动词。句意：夏令时从当地时间3月第二个星期天凌晨2点开始，这时时钟会向前拨一小时，通常会导致遵守者少睡一小时。分析句子结构可知，“clocks spring forward an hour”是定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词“2: 00 a. m. local time on the second Sunday in March”是时间，因此第一空用关系副词when引导定语从句；句中谓语是begins，第二空用非谓语动词，根据句意可知，cause和前面所描述的“clocks spring forward an hour”之间是主谓关系，因此第二空用现在分词causing表主动，故选B。 5. _____ the yard, I found it _____ with lots of _____ leaves. A. Entering; covering; fallen B. Having entered; covered; falling C. Entering; covering; falling D. Entering; covered; fallen 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：进入院子的时候，我发现整个院子都被落叶覆盖住了。句中found是谓语，第一空用非谓语形式，I和enter之间是主谓关系，因此第一空用现在分词entering表主动；院子是被落叶覆盖，因此第二空用过去分词covered表被动，作宾语补足语，院子是被落叶覆盖，“落叶”是fallen leaves，因此第三空是fallen。故选D。 6. This kind of brain activity is worthy ______. A. detecting B. of detecting C. of being detected D. to detect 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词和被动语态。句意：这种大脑活动是值得检测的。活动是被检测，sth. be worthy of being done意为“某物值得被做”，因此空格处是of being detected，故选C。 7. ______ writing the article Mrs. Curie even forgot her dinner. A. Absorbed in B. Absorbing at C. Being absorbed in D. To absorb in 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：居里夫人全神贯注地写这篇文章，甚至忘了吃饭。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是forgot，空格处用非谓语动词，be absorbed in...意为“全神贯注于……”，因此空格处是absorbed，是形容词化了的过去分词，这里相当于一个原因状语从句because she was absorbed in...，故选A。 8. ---What makes him so excited these days? ---________ a key university. A. Admitted into B. Admitting to C. Having been admitted into D. Being admitted to 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——是什么让他这些天如此的兴奋？——被重点大学录取。答语中省略了“makes him so excited these days”，只保留了主语部分，he与admit是动宾关系，即他被录取，应该用被动语态，且空格处作主语，因此空格处用动名词短语being admitted to，故选D。 9. Soon after an earthquake __________ 7.4 struck northern Japan, experts on emergency rescue were called in to give those victims first aid. A. measured B. measuring C. measures D. to measure 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在日本北部发生7.4级地震后不久，紧急救援专家被召集来给那些受害者进行急救。after引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是struck，空格处需要非谓语动词，an earthquake和measure之间是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语，故选B。 10. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ________ it will keep for 2 or 3 weeks. A. if B. that C. which D. where 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：无论剩下什么东西，都可以放入冰箱中，在那儿可以保存两三个星期。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the refrigerator，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选D。 11. The only thing ________ bothered Chris was that his boss never replied to his email. A. which B. that C. it D. how 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：唯一让克里斯感到困扰的是，他的老板从未回复过他的电子邮件。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词thing，且在从句中作主语。thing前有The only修饰，所以只能用that引导。故选B。 12. Students should involve themselves in community activities __________ they can gain experience for growth. A. where B. when C. that D. what 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生应该参加社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。分析句子结构可知，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词community activities在从句中充当地点状语，故应用关系副词where，故选A项。 13 __in the regulations is that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：规定里面要求的是你们不能将邮箱密码告诉别人。regulation 后面的is 是这句话的谓语，所以前面是句子的是主语，主语从句中缺少主语用what连接主语从句，C项没有用被动语态，CD项用的是形式主语it，那么句中多了一个is，故选A. 14. ________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships next month. A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：无论哪支球队在周六获胜，都将晋级下个月的全国锦标赛。A. No matter what无论什么；B. No matter which无论哪个；C. Whatever任何……的事物，无论什么；D. Whichever无论哪个。A项和B项只能引导让步状语从句，C项和D项可以引导让步状语从句和名词性从句。________ team wins on Saturday在句中作主语，表示无论哪支球队在周六获胜，所以应用Whichever引导主语从句。故选D。 15. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ________ tractors in 2000 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查倍数表达法。句意：引进新技术后，这家工厂2000年生产的拖拉机是前一年的两倍。A. as twice many表达错误，倍数应放在前面；B. as many twice表达错误，倍数应放在as前面；C. twice as many表达正确，符合“倍数+as+形容词原级+as”的结构；D. twice many as表达错误，many应放在as后面。根据句意和倍数表达法，可知“twice as many...as...”是正确的表达，意为“是……的两倍”。故选C项。 16. Kae, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. A. whom B. that C. whose D. her 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Kae已经去澳大利亚工作了，我们上大学时，她的妹妹和我住在一个房间里。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词kae与空后的名词sister之间为所属关系，所以此处使用关系代词whose作定语。故选C项。 Section B (10%) Directions: Complete the following paragraphs by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. reveal B. means C. identify D. confirmed E. highlighted F. value G. return H. appearance I. conditions J. trained K. discriminate Face shape lets AI spot rare disorders People with genetic syndromes sometimes have telltale (泄露秘密的) facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be tricky given there are hundreds of possible ____17____ they may have. A new neural network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities. Yaron Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the gestalt — or overall impression — of faces and ____18____ a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have. They ____19____ the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labelled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes (综合症). The team then asked the AI to ____20____ potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer among its list of 10 responses 91 per cent of the time. Gurovich and his team also tested the neural network’s ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations (变异) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used photographs of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in any one of five genes. DeepGestalt correctly identified the genetic source of the physical ____21____ 64 per cent of the time. It’s clearly not perfect, but it’s still much better than humans are at trying to do this. As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are ____22____ and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance. The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions about privacy. If faces can ____23____ details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, secretly use such techniques to ____24____ against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders. However, Gurovich says the tool will only be available for use by clinicians. This technique could bring significant benefits for those who have genetic syndromes. The real value here is that for some of these ultra-rare diseases, the process of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then be ____25____ through checking genetic markers. For some diseases, it will cut down the time to diagnosis dramatically. For others, it could perhaps add _____26_____ of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, help find new treatments or cures. 【答案】17. I 18. G 19. J 20. C 21. H 22. E 23. A 24. K 25. D 26. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种利用面部特征让人工智能发现罕见疾病的方法。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：患有遗传综合征的人有时会有明显的面部特征，但考虑到他们可能患有数百种可能的疾病，使用它们进行快速廉价的诊断可能会很棘手。根据句意可知，人们可能患有数百种可能的疾病，“condition”意为“疾病”，为可数名词，“hundreds of”后接可数名词复数“conditions”。故选I。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：波士顿生物技术公司FDNA的雅伦·古罗维奇和他的团队建立了一个神经网络，用于观察面部的完形或整体印象，并返回一个人最有可能患有的10种遗传综合征的列表。根据句意可知，神经网络通过观察面部的完形或整体印象，可以返回一个人最有可能患有的10种遗传综合征的列表，“return”意为“返回”，动词词性，符合语境。故选G。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：他们在17000张正确标记的图像上训练了名为DeepGestalt的神经网络，以匹配200多种遗传综合征。根据句意可知，神经网络要通过训练才能实现匹配200多种遗传综合征的能力，“train”意为“训练”，动词词性，句中陈述的动作发生在过去，故应用过去式“trained”。故选J。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：然后，该团队要求人工智能从另外502张患有这种疾病的人的照片中识别出潜在的遗传疾病。根据句意可知，通过训练，要求人工智能从患有这种疾病的人的照片中识别出潜在的遗传疾病，“identify”意为“识别”，动词词性，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故选C。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：DeepGestalt在64%的情况下正确识别了外貌的遗传来源。根据句意可知，人工智能通过面部特征识别疾病，由此可知，句中指正确识别了外貌的遗传来源，“appearance”意为“外貌”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故选H。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：当系统进行评估时，对确定最有帮助的面部区域会被突出显示，并可供医生查看。根据句意可知，最有帮助的面部区域应该被突出显示，“highlight”意为“突出”，动词词性，“facial regions”和“highlight”为被动关系，故应用“highlight”的过去分词“highlighted”。故选E。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果人脸可以揭示遗传的细节，那么雇主和保险公司原则上可以秘密使用这些技术来歧视那些极有可能患有某些疾病的人。根据句意可知，文章讲述的是通过面部特征识别疾病，由此可知，句中指人脸可以揭示遗传的细节，“reveal”意为“揭示”，动词词性，情态“can”后接动词原形。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果人脸可以揭示遗传的细节，那么雇主和保险公司原则上可以秘密使用这些技术来歧视那些极有可能患有某些疾病的人。根据句意可知，雇主和保险公司不会选择有遗传疾病风险的人，由此可知，他们会用这些技术来歧视那些人，“discriminate”意为“歧视”，动词词性，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故选K。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：这种技术可以帮助缩小搜索空间，然后通过检查遗传标记进行确认。根据句意可知，句中指通过这种技术确认罕见遗传疾病，“confirm”意为“确认”，动词词性，句子为被动语态，故应用“confirm”的过去分词“confirmed”。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：对于其他人来说，它可能会增加寻找其他患有这种疾病的人的方法，从而帮助找到新的治疗方法或治愈方法。根据句意可知，句中指通过这种技术能增加寻找患有这种疾病的人的方法，“means”意为“方法”，名词词性，符合语境。故选B。 III. Reading Comprehension (15%+22%) Section A Cloze Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The Schools That Are Bringing Poor Kids... A college degree is, in most cases, the key to more money and a more comfortable standard of living. But that pathway to higher earnings is more ___27___ to some than others: A lot of leading colleges do not enroll a lot of low-income students, and as a result, they’re not ___28___ very many students from low-income households into the middle and upper classes. ___29___, though strategies for enrolling and preserving low-income students are usually mentioned, they can be tough to ___30___ at scale. Dozens of top colleges and universities have more students from the top 1 percent of the income scale than the ___31___ 60 percent. And that’s a problem if colleges hope to escape the common ___32___ that they are little more than a finishing school for the elite (精英). But there are institutions — a lot of them — that have strong track records of ___33___ the socioeconomic fortunes of students. If higher education is supposed to be the great equalizer (平衡器), these institutions — from community colleges to public regional four-year colleges — are the ones that are doing the most work. Colleges should be ___34___ recruiting and enrolling low-income students — and that means more than targeting ads to ___35___ students on social media. It means a commitment to going where they are — areas that a lot of schools do not typically recruit — and publicize the process of going to college. Then they should be supporting students with ____36____ when the students get to campus — whether it’s writing centers, generous financial aid packages, or simply sympathetic academic advisors who perhaps came from low-income backgrounds themselves. And it is also preparing students for jobs after college and building relationships with businesses that ____37____ the process of finding post-graduation employment for students, especially for those whose parents don’t have their own professional ____38____. Pace ranks first among private colleges in motivating its students from the lowest levels of the income scale and into the middle and upper class. There are a lot of ways in which people of privilege (特权) ____39____ their college years or having unpaid internships (实习) or having the social capital to get certain jobs. But colleges can fill those ____40____, particularly for low-income students, helping students get jobs, or sustaining them with programs that help them land paid internships with top companies. We can provide strong networks through faculty and staff as well to help a new generation, a new, socioeconomically ____41____ generation, achieve the American dream. 27. A. important B. necessary C. available D. realistic 28. A. evaluating B. urging C. refusing D. promoting 29. A. However B. What’s more C. In contrast D. On the whole 30. A. implement B. replace C. overcome D. track 31. A. minimum B. bottom C. fixed D. estimated 32. A. criticism B. comment C. practice D. goal 33. A. worsening B. claiming C. improving D. denying 34. A. directly B. strictly C. actively D. cautiously 35. A. urban B. native C. suburban D. prospective 36. A. resources B. coaches C. skills D. funds 37. A. push B. ease C. slow D. affect 38 A. trainings B. careers C. standards D. networks 39. A. benefit from B. invest in C. fit into D. advance through 40. A. vacancies B. gaps C. bottoms D. blanks 41. A. competitive B. responsible C. diverse D. dynamic 【答案】27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. C 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. B 41. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述大学应该为贫困学生实现阶级跨越所能够提供的帮助。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这条通往更高收入的途径对一些人来说比其他人更容易获得。A. important重要的；B. necessary有必要的；C. available可用的，可获得的；D. realistic现实的。根据“A lot of leading colleges do not enroll a lot of low-income students”可知，许多顶尖大学不招收很多低收入学生，所以收入较高家庭的学生比低收入家庭的孩子更容易走大学这条路，也就是这条途径对一些人来说比另一些人更容易获得。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多顶尖大学没有招收很多低收入学生，因此，他们没有将很多低收入家庭的学生提拔到中上层阶级。A. evaluating评估；B. urging敦促；C. refusing拒绝；D. promoting促进，提升。根据句中的“from low-income households into the middle and upper classes”可知，许多顶尖大学没有招进太多贫困学生，所以没有将太多贫困学生提升到中上层阶级。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查副词和短语辨析。句意：而且，尽管通常会提到招收和留住低收入学生的策略，但这些策略很难大规模实施。A. However然而；B. What’s more而且；C. In contrast相比之下；D. On the whole总的来说。前文“A lot of leading colleges do not enroll a lot of low-income students, and as a result, they’re not ___2___ very many students from low-income households into the middle and upper classes.”讲述了顶尖大学招收的贫困学生不多，没有帮助太多贫困学生实现阶层提升，这里“though strategies for enrolling and preserving low-income students are usually mentioned, they can be tough to ___4___ at scale”承接上文，继续阐述了太多贫困学生难以获得大学学位提升到中上层阶级的原因——难以大范围实施贫困生助学政策。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：参考上题。A. implement执行，实施；B. replace代替；C. overcome克服；D. track追踪。根据上文“though strategies for enrolling and preserving low-income students are usually mentioned”以及空后的“at scale”可知，这里指招收和保护低收入学生的政策难以大范围实施。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：数十所顶尖学院和大学中，收入排名前1%的学生比收入排名后60%的学生多。A. minimum最低的，最小的；B. bottom底部的，最后的；C. fixed固定的；D. estimated估计的。这里和“the top 1 percent of the income scale”对应，指的是底层收入60%的学生。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果大学希望摆脱公众的批评，即它们只不过是精英的精修学校，那么这就是一个问题。A. criticism批评；B. comment评论；C. practice练习；D. goal目标。根据空后的“that they are little more than a finishing school for the elite (精英)”可知，这里指公众的批评。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但也有一些大学机构——其中很多——在改善学生的社会经济状况方面有着良好的记录。A. worsening恶化；B. claiming声称；C. improving提高，改善；D. denying否认。But表示转折，上文“the common ___6___ that they are little more than a finishing school for the elite (精英)”提到人们批评大学是精英的精修学校，结合空前“But there are institutions”可知此处与上文构成转折关系，说明有许多大学帮助改善学生的社会经济状况。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：大学应该积极招收低收入学生，这意味着不仅仅是在社交媒体上向潜在学生投放广告。A. directly直接地；B. strictly严厉地；C. actively积极地；D. cautiously好奇地。根据下文“that means more than targeting ads to ___9____ students on social media.”以及“It means a commitment to going where they are — areas that a lot of schools do not typically recruit — and publicize the process of going to college.(这意味着要致力于去他们所在的地方——许多学校通常不招聘的地方——并宣传上大学的过程。)”可知，此处指大学应该积极招收贫困生。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参考上题。A. urban城市的；B. native本地的；C. suburban郊区的；D. prospective可能的，潜在的。根据空前“targeting ads”以及句中的“Colleges should be ___8___ recruiting and enrolling low-income students”可知，此处指面向有可能上大学的潜在学生投放广告。故选D。 【36题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，当学生到达校园时，他们应该为学生提供资源支持——无论是写作中心、慷慨的助学金，还是可能来自低收入背景的富有同情心的学术顾问。A. resources资源；B. coaches教练；C. skills技巧；D. funds基金。根据破折号后的“whether it’s writing centers, generous financial aid packages, or simply sympathetic academic advisors who perhaps came from low-income backgrounds themselves”可知，写作中心、助学金、学术顾问这些都是学校可以给贫困生提供的资源。故选A。 【37题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：让学生为大学毕业后找工作做好准备，并与企业建立关系，还为学生，特别是那些父母没有自己的专业关系网的学生，简化了毕业求职过程。A. push推动；B. ease减轻，使容易些；C. slow减速；D. affect影响。根据空后的“the process of finding post-graduation employment for students”可知，这里表示学校帮助学生为就业做好准备并和企业建立联系，有助于简化学生的求职过程，使就业过程变更容易。故选B。 【38题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：参考上题。A. trainings训练；B. careers职业；C. standards标准；D. networks关系网。根据句中的“building relationships with businesses”和下文中的“We can provide strong networks through faculty and staff”可知，这里指专业关系网。故选D。 【39题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：享有特权的人从大学生活、无薪实习或者有获得某些工作的社会资本中受益的方式有很多。A. benefit from从……受益；B. invest in投资于；C. fit into适合，融入；D. advance through通过……前进。根据空后的“their college years or having unpaid internships(实习) or having the social capital to get certain jobs”可知，有特权的学生可以从大学生活、无薪实习、获得某些工作的社会资本中受益。故选A。 【40题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但大学可以填补这些差距，特别是对低收入学生来说，帮助学生找到工作，或者通过帮助他们在顶级公司获得带薪实习的项目来维持他们的生活。A. vacancies(职位的)空缺；B. gaps差距；C. bottoms底部；D. blanks空白处。上文“There are a lot of ways in which people of privilege (特权) ___13___ their college years or having unpaid internships(实习) or having the social capital to get certain jobs.”讲有特权的学生有许多可以受益的方式，结合句中的“helping students get jobs, or sustaining them with programs that help them land paid internships with top companies”可知，学校通过给贫困学生提供帮助，可以填补特权学生和贫困学生之间的差距。故选B。 【41题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们也可以通过教职员工提供强大的网络，帮助新一代、新一代社会经济多元化的人实现美国梦。A. competitive竞争的；B. responsible负责的；C. diverse各种的，不同的；D. dynamic动态的。根据上文“But colleges can fill those ___14____, particularly for low-income students, helping students get jobs, or sustaining them with programs that help them land paid internships with top companies.”、空前的“a new, socioeconomically”并结合全文可知，此处指大学应通过多种措施让更多低收入家庭学生能够接受大学教育，从而找到工作，帮助新的、社会经济多元化的年轻一代实现美国梦。故选C。 Section B Reading Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. (A) My name is Michelle Rogers. For most of my life I had been fighting with my body weight. I was either gaining weight or trying to lose it. I wasn’t happy with myself, and I certainly wasn’t able to fully enjoy life. Not only did I feel bad physically? But I felt terrible emotionally. I also knew I wasn’t able to be the best I could be, and with failure after failure in losing weight, I just felt so hopeless to overcome it. One day in 2008, I was looking through ads online and saw a treadmill (跑步机) for $ 100. This time I decided to start small and keep it doable. The first week I started walking 15 minutes on the treadmill at a fixed time every day. The next week I did 16 minutes. Each week I added a minute. Gradually, I increased speed as well as time. Once I got to 30 minutes, the weight started dropping off. I didn’t lose weight at first, but I didn’t give up like I did in the past. I realized I started feeling better. My legs were getting stronger. I didn’t feel painful like I used to when I got up from my desk. All the efforts I’d been putting into fitness made me want to start eating healthier, too. I began with small changes as well. After these years I started listening to my body. It was refusing food and habits that were bad for me. Today, the extra weight is gone. I still exercise every morning. I look and feel the best I have never done. Every area of my life has improved and benefited from this change in me. Not only do I have my youthful energy, looks and health back, but also I have more confidence than I have ever had. 42. How did Michelle feel about losing weight before 2008? A. Confident. B. Satisfied. C. Hopeless. D. Uncaring. 43. How many weeks had passed before Michelle’s weight began dropping? A. 15 weeks. B. 17 weeks. C. 20 weeks. D. 30 weeks. 44. What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Life. B. Health. C. The treadmill. D. The body. 45. What can we learn from Michelle’s story? A. Time is money. B. Start with small things. C. It’s never too late to start. D. Nothing is more important than confidence. 【答案】42. C 43. A 44. D 45. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者利用自己减肥的亲身经历告诉我们要从小事做起并坚持不懈。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“I also knew I wasn’t able to be the best I could be, and with failure after failure in losing weight, I just felt so hopeless to overcome it. (我也知道我不能做到最好，减肥失败了又失败了，我感到无望战胜它了)”可知，在2008年之前，Michelle对减肥感到绝望。故选C项。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first week I started walking 15 minutes on the treadmill at a fixed time every day. The next week I did 16 minutes. Each week I added a minute. Gradually, I increased speed as well as time. Once I got to 30 minutes, the weight started dropping off. (第一周，我开始每天在固定的时间在跑步机上走15分钟。第二个星期我做了16分钟。我每周增加一分钟。渐渐地，我增加了速度和时间。当我坚持30分钟后，体重开始下降)”由第一周锻炼的时间是15分钟，到体重开始下降的时候是30分钟，可知，过了15周Michelle的体重才开始下降。故选A项。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“After these years I started listening to my body. It was refusing food and habits that were bad for me. (几年之后，我开始倾听我的身体。It拒绝对我有害的食物和习惯)”由作者“开始倾听自己的身体”可知，代词It指的是“身体”。故选D项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“This time I decided to start small and keep it doable. (这一次，我决定从小处着手，并保持可行性)”和第三段中“I didn’t lose weight at first, but I didn’t give up like I did in the past. I realized I started feeling better. (一开始我没有减肥，但我没有像以前那样放弃。我意识到我开始感觉好多了)”以及下文减肥成功的描述，可知，Michelle的故事告诉我们要从小事做起。故选B项。 (B) To get better night’s sleep, get into bed with Zeo Introducing the revolutionary Zeo Personal Sleep Coach The inability to get a good night’s sleep is one of the top health issues. A night of poor sleep can affect one’s mood, energy level, and performance. Most people have felt powerless to do anything about it until now. Introducing Zeo, a revolutionary approach to the problem of poor sleep. A revolution in the science of sleep Designed by leading sleep scientists, the Zeo Personal Sleep Coach is the first consumer product to help you take control of your sleep. Because understanding your sleep is the first step toward managing it. Wear the light Zeo Headband to bed and Zeo technology tracks and records your personal sleep patterns and wirelessly send them to the Zeo Bedside Display. When you wake up, you simply touch a button to get your sleep data: the time you took to fall asleep, your time in deep sleep and light sleep, and how often you woke up. Seeing how you slept is just the beginning. What you do with that information is what makes Zeo so remarkable. Take control of your sleep Zeo puts the science of sleep at your fingertips. The Zeo Bedside Display stores your sleep data so you can easily upload it to the Zeo Personal Coaching website. Here you’ll find a collection of online tools that help you analyze your sleep and uncover the links between how you live and how you sleep. Zeo’s 7 Step Sleep Fitness program assists you in creating a personalized action plan based on your own sleep patterns and goals, and delivers user-tailored coaching emails that help you get the sleep you need. Try Zeo risk free, and enjoy free shipping Order Zeo today and receive the headband, bedside display, fall access to our powerful user website and your personalized, multi-week sleep coaching program — plus our satisfaction guarantee and free shipping. Zeo The more you know, the better you sleep. Zeo Personal Sleep Coach is neither a medical device nor a medical program and is not intended for the treatment of sleep disorders. 46. What is the most remarkable feature of Zeo? ________ A. Its direct contact with sleep scientists B. Its individualized coaching program C. Its effectiveness in curing sleep disorders D. Its immediate analysis of sleep data 47. What customer service does Zeo provide? ________ A. Cheap online tools. B. A 30-day action plan. C. Personalized bedside display. D. Free delivery of the product. 48. Which of the following information regarding Zeo is true? ________ A. The Zeo Personal Sleep Coach is the only tool to help you take control of your sleep. B. Customers cannot get the money back after they find products defected C. The Zeo Personal Sleep Coach tracks and records your personal sleep patterns D. The Zeo Personal Sleep Coach can help patients recover from illness. 【答案】46. B 47. D 48. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是一款专门为有睡眠问题的人设计的产品——Zeo Personal Sleep Coach。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据Take control of your sleep部分中的“Zeo’s 7 Step Sleep Fitness program assists you in creating a personalized action plan based on your own sleep patterns and goals, and delivers user-tailored coaching emails that help you get the sleep you need.( Zeo的7步睡眠健身计划帮助你根据自己的睡眠模式和目标制定个性化的行动计划，并提供用户定制的指导邮件，帮助你获得所需的睡眠)”可知，Zeo最显著的特点在于它不仅能够记录用户的睡眠数据，还能通过个性化的辅导计划帮助用户改善睡眠质量。故选B项。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据Try Zeo risk free, and enjoy free shipping部分中的“Order Zeo today and receive the headband, bedside display, fall access to our powerful user website and your personalized, multi-week sleep coaching program-plus our satisfaction guarantee and free shipping.(今天订购Zeo，您将获得我们强大的用户网站和个性化的多周睡眠指导计划，以及我们的满意保证和免费送货)”可知，订购Zeo时会享受免费送货的服务。故选D项。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据A revolution in the science of sleep部分中的“Wear the light Zeo Headband to bed and Zeo technology tracks and records your personal sleep patterns and wirelessly send them to the Zeo Bedside Display. When you wake up, you simply touch a button to get your sleep data: the time you took to fall asleep, your time in deep sleep and light sleep, and how often you woke up.(戴着Zeo上床睡觉，Zeo会跟踪和记录你的个人睡眠模式，并将它们无线发送到Zeo床头显示器。当你醒来时，你只需要触摸一个按钮来获取你的睡眠数据：你入睡的时间，你的深度睡眠和浅睡眠的时间，以及你醒来的频率)”可知，Zeo头带可以跟踪用户的睡眠模式，包括入睡所需的时间、深睡和浅睡的时间以及夜间醒来的次数，并将这些数据无线传输到床边显示器上，由此可知，Zeo个人睡眠教练跟踪并记录你的个人睡眠模式。故选C项。 C In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than their parents did and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes”. If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important and that has happened in some cases — we are as badly off as before, only in reverse. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism”- but we don’t want to exchange it for a “neo-popism”. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credits, nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze man’s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own way for solving its own problems. Excessive authoritarianism (权力主义) has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent (有关系的) not only to a healthy democracy but also to a healthy family. 49. The danger in the sharing of the household tasks by the mother and father is that ________. A. the role of the father may become an inferior one B. the role of the mother may become an inferior one C. the children will grow up believing that life is a battle of the sexes D. the father will be less capable in his profession 50. The author states that bringing up children ________. A. is primarily the mother’s job B. belongs among the duties of the father C. belongs to the one who is free more often D. involves partnership of equals 51. According to the author, the father’s role in the home is ________. A. minor because he is an ineffectual parent B. irrelevant to the healthy development of the child C. pertinent to the healthy development of the child D. identical to the role of the child’s mother 52. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? A. A healthy, co-operative family is a basic ingredient of a healthy society. B. Men are basically opposed to sharing household chores. C. Division of household responsibilities is workable only in theory. D. A woman’s place is always in the home. 【答案】49. A 50. D 51. C 52. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨家庭中男女角色平等分担责任对孩子及家庭、社会的重要性。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important and that has happened in some cases — we are as badly off as before, only in reverse. (如果这个过程走得太远，男人的作用被认为不那么重要了——这种情况在某些情况下已经发生了——我们就会像以前一样糟糕，只是情况相反。)” 可知，父母共同承担家务的风险在于父亲的角色可能会变得次要。故选A。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. (相反，我们需要的是认识到抚养孩子需要一种平等的伙伴关系。)” 可知，抚养孩子需要平等的合作。故选D。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. (这个地方对孩子的健康发展也不是无关紧要的。)” 可知，父亲在家庭中的角色对孩子的健康发展是相关的。故选C。 【52题详解】 逻辑推理题。根据最后一段“Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent not only to a healthy democracy but also to a healthy family. (无论是穿裙子还是穿裤子，过度的威权主义都会带来令人不快的后果。平等权利和平等责任的理想不仅与健康的民主有关，也与健康的家庭有关。)” 可知，作者最可能同意健康、合作的家庭是健康社会的基本要素这一观点。故选A。 IV. Vocabulary: (9%) Fill in the blanks with the proper expressions given below. Change the form when necessary. obtain regard settle demand march manage survive target with determination 53. He hasn’t the faintest idea how to ________ people. 54. The recession has weakened so many businesses that many can no longer ________ . 55. “We want ________ all matters at the negotiating table,” he said. 56. At that immediate moment, with tears gushing into my eyes, I understood why I’d been doing all these and overcoming all kinds of difficulties ________ alone. 57. The company ________ by animal rights groups for its use of dogs in drugs trials. 58. ________ the overall score, add up the totals in each column. 59. There’s an increased ________ for organic produce these days. 60. I have nothing further to say in this ________. 61. He ________ into the kitchen without knocking. 【答案】53. manage 54. survive 55. to settle 56. with determination 57. has been targeted##was targeted 58. To obtain 59. demand 60. regard 61. marched 【解析】 【53题详解】 考查动词。句意：他一点儿也不知道怎样管理人。位于不定式符号to之后，所以此处使用动词原形，结合句意可知，此处应为manage，表示“管理”。故填manage。 【54题详解】 考查动词。句意：经济衰退削弱了很多企业的实力，以至于很多无法再生存下去。此处位于情态动词之后，所以此处使用动词原形，结合句意可知，此处应为survive，表示“生存”。故填survive。 【55题详解】 考查动词。句意：“我们希望在谈判桌上解决所有问题，”他说。结合句意可知，此处应为settle，表示“解决”，根据want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”可知，此处应使用动词不定式形式。故填to settle。 【56题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：那一刻，眼泪涌了出来，我终于理解了我独自坚定地做这一切以及克服各种困难的原因。结合句子结构可知，此处应为句子状语部分，结合句意可知，此处表示“坚定地”应为with determination。故填with determination。 【57题详解】 考查动词。句意：这家公司因用狗做药物试验而成为动物保护团体批评的对象。结合句意可知，此处应为target，表示“把……作为批评的对象”，结合句意可知，表示发生在过去的动作，可以强调对现在造成的影响，使用现在完成时，target与句子主语The company之间为被动关系，所以此处使用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数；也可以理解为描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词应为was targeted。故填has been targeted/was targeted。 【58题详解】 考查动词。句意：要获得全面的总分，请将每列的总数加起来。结合句意可知，此处应为obtain，表示“获得”，此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意，此处表示目的，所以使用动词不定式形式，句首单词首字母需大写。故填To obtain。 【59题详解】 考查名词。句意：近来对有机农产品的需求增加了。该句为there be句型，此处为句子的主语，所以使用名词，结合句意可知，此处表示“需求”应为demand，空前有不定冠词，所以使用名词单数形式。故填demand。 【60题详解】 考查名词。句意：在这方面，我没有更多要说的了。结合句意可知，此处为固定短语in this regard，表示“在这方面”，所以此空使用名词regard意为“方面”。故填regard。 【61题详解】 考查动词。句意：他没敲门就大步走进厨房。此处为句子的谓语，所以使用动词形式，结合句意可知，此处应为march，表示“（坚定地向某地）前进”，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时，与主语之间为主动关系，所以此处使用动词过去式形式。故填marched。 V. Translation (6%+3%+3%+4%+4%) A Complete the following sentences according to the Chinese given. (6%) 62. They had a picture painted which ________ the memory of the noble leader. (致力于……) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】was dedicated to 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他们请人画了一幅画，以纪念这位高尚的领袖。表示“致力于……”用固定短语be dedicated to，其中to为介词，根据had可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。定语从句的主语which代替先行词picture，故be动词用was。故填：was dedicated to。 63. They are unwilling ________ he demanded. (出高价) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】to pay the high price 【解析】 【详解】考查短语。句意：他们不愿意支付他所要求的高价。pay the high price出高价。be unwilling to do sth.不愿意做某事。根据汉语提示及句意，故填to pay the high price。 64. Men ________ knives and clubs attacked his home. (携带，配备) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】armed with 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：配备刀和棍棒的男人袭击了他的家。“携带，配备”用动词短语arm...with...，作后置定语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Men之间为被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填armed with。 65. He couldn’t ________ have their life work destroyed by gangsters. (承担得起) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】afford to 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和非谓语动词。句意：他承担不起让他们的毕生事业被歹徒摧毁。afford意为“承担得起”，为及物动词，afford to do sth.意为“承担得起做某事”，不定式作宾语。空前有couldn’t，其后跟动词原形。故填afford to。 66. ________, he continued his research into rice hybrids. (尽管遭遇挫折) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】Despite coming across the setbacks 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语和名词。句意：尽管遭遇挫折，他仍继续研究水稻杂交。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用介词短语“despite coming across the setbacks”，其中despit表示“尽管”，后接动名词短语coming across the setbacks，come across“遭遇”，“挫折”setback，此处用复数表示不止一种挫折。故填Despite coming across the setbacks。 67 He ________ for disruptive behaviour. (被学校开除) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】was expelled from school 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：他因破坏行为被学校开除。根据汉语提示，表示“被学校开除”应用被动语态，表示为be expelled from school，为固定搭配。这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was expelled from school。 68. 记者被要求写出能引起读者情感共鸣的新闻报道。 (appeal) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Journalists are required to write news reports that/which can appeal to readers’ emotions. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语、被动语态和定语从句。“记者”表达为名词journalists，作主语，位于句首单词首字母大写；“被要求”表达为被动语态are required to；“写出新闻报道”表达为write news reports；“能引起读者情感共鸣的”结合所给动词appeal，表达为定语从句that/which can appeal to readers’ emotions，修饰news reports，其中can为情态动词，其后为动词原形，appeal to为固定短语，表示“吸引，打动”，故翻译为Journalists are required to write news reports that/which can appeal to readers’ emotions. 69. 像纽约这样的大都市并不缺少高层建筑。 （shortage）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is no shortage of high-rise buildings in a metropolis like New York. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词和时态。此句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“缺少”表达为名词shortage，“不缺少……”表达为there is no shortage of...，“高层建筑”为名词短语high-rise buildings，“像纽约这样的大都市”为a metropolis like New York，在句中作地点状语，表达为in a metropolis like New York；故译为：There is no shortage of high-rise buildings in a metropolis like New York. 70. 这位敬业的老师宁愿不休息也不耽误学生学业，这非常感人。 (than) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The devoted teacher would rather not have a rest than delay the students’ studies, which is very touching. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和短语。表示“这位敬业的老师”应用the devoted teacher，作主语；表示“宁愿不……也不……”短语为would rather not do sth. than do sth.；表示“休息”短语为have a rest；表示“耽误学生学业”翻译为delay the students’ studies；后文which引导的非限制性定语从句；表示“非常感人”应用be very touching。为一般现在时。故翻译为The devoted teacher would rather not have a rest than delay the students’ studies, which is very touching. 71. 他尝试了不同的方法去寻找失踪的男孩，却发现他的尝试都没有成功。 (only) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He tried different ways to find the missing boy, only to find that none of his attempts succeeded. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和短语。主语为he；表示“尝试”应用动词try；表示“不同的方法去寻找失踪的男孩”翻译为different ways to find the missing boy；表示“结果发现……”应用only to do sth.，不定式结果状语；表示“发现他的尝试都没有成功”翻译为find that none of his attempts succeeded，that引导宾语从句，结合句意，该句描述的为过去发生的事情，所以谓语动词为一般过去时。故翻译为He tried different ways to find the missing boy, only to find that none of his attempts succeeded. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 格致中学二〇二三学年度第二学期期中考试 高一年级英语试卷 （共10页） （测试100分钟内完成，总分100分，试后交答题纸） 友情提示：昨天，你既然经历了艰苦的学习，今天，你必将赢得可喜的收获！祝你：诚实守信，沉着冷静，细致踏实，自信自强，去迎接胜利！ I. Listening Comprehension 16% Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. To answer the door. B. To fix the doorbell. C. To get a job. D. To ask for instructions. 2. A. At the airport. B. In a restaurant. C. In a booking office. D. At the hotel reception. 3. A. She has lost a lot of weight. B. She lost some money last year. C. She spent a lot on cosmetic surgery. D. She is having health problems. 4. A. Taking photographs. B. Downloading images. C. Fixing cameras. D. Painting pictures. 5. A. The woman is going to hold a party tomorrow. B. The man asks the woman not to attend the party. C. The woman doesn’t know how to get to the party. D. The man offers to drive the woman to the party. 6. A. Tokyo is a city with a short history. B. He can provide little useful information. C. He can show the woman around the city. D. He has lived in Tokyo for a long time. 7. A. She will meet the man in his office. B. She has an appointment with the man. C. She had a traffic accident that morning. D. She can’t finish making the jam before 9. 8. A. Play some music. B. Remove the power plug. C. Repair the sound box. D. Start the car engine. 9. A. She can’t stand the hot weather. B. The beach resort is a better choice. C. She enjoys visiting the art museums. D. The man should develop a taste for art. 10. A. He is satisfied with his new job. B. He wants his workload to be shared. C. He doesn’t like his new office. D. He gets pressure from his new position. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. A promotion of outdoor clothes. B. An introduction of West Virginia. C. A weekend vacation to a famous resort. D. A free trip to an unknown destination. 12. A. Regretful. B. Frustrating. C. Worthwhile. D. Comfortable. 13. A. Mystery trips. B. Outdoor adventures. C. Social media. D. Travel destinations. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Goods are scarce and hard to get for ordinary consumers. B. People aim for social distinction through what they own. C. Manufacturers make more money by mass production. D. Growth of consumerism is restricted by artificial products. 15. A. To cut down on labour costs by reducing working hours. B. To make customers feel they own something rare. C. To increase their coffee price without losing customers. D. To focus more on quality and customer satisfaction. 16. A. Consumer awareness. B. Social distinction. C. Artificial scarcity. D. Mass production. II. Grammar and Vocabulary: Section A. Grammar (8%) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. Do you want to pick the tickets up yourself or have them _____ to you, sir? A. deliver B. to deliver C. delivered D. delivering 2. Scientists observed that an unexplained burst of light ________600,000 suns in brightness occurred from a star in the universe. A. equaling to B. was equal C. equaled D. equaling 3. _____in the sports world, a sportsman needs to train constantly to keep himself in best condition. A. Survive B. Surviving C. To survive D. Survived 4. Daylight saving time begins at 2: 00 a. m. local time on the second Sunday in March ________clocks spring forward an hour, typically ________observers to lose an hour of sleep. A. which, caused B. when, causing C. which, causing D. when, caused 5. _____ the yard, I found it _____ with lots of _____ leaves. A. Entering; covering; fallen B. Having entered; covered; falling C. Entering; covering; falling D. Entering; covered; fallen 6 This kind of brain activity is worthy ______. A. detecting B. of detecting C. of being detected D. to detect 7. ______ writing the article, Mrs. Curie even forgot her dinner. A. Absorbed in B. Absorbing at C. Being absorbed in D. To absorb in 8. ---What makes him so excited these days? ---________ a key university. A. Admitted into B Admitting to C. Having been admitted into D. Being admitted to 9. Soon after an earthquake __________ 7.4 struck northern Japan, experts on emergency rescue were called in to give those victims first aid. A. measured B. measuring C. measures D. to measure 10. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ________ it will keep for 2 or 3 weeks. A. if B. that C. which D. where 11. The only thing ________ bothered Chris was that his boss never replied to his email. A. which B. that C. it D. how 12. Students should involve themselves in community activities __________ they can gain experience for growth. A. where B. when C. that D. what 13. __in the regulations is that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 14. ________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships next month. A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever 15. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ________ tractors in 2000 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as 16. Kae, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. A. whom B. that C. whose D. her Section B (10%) Directions: Complete the following paragraphs by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. reveal B. means C. identify D. confirmed E. highlighted F. value G. return H. appearance I. conditions J. trained K. discriminate Face shape lets AI spot rare disorders People with genetic syndromes sometimes have telltale (泄露秘密的) facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be tricky given there are hundreds of possible ____17____ they may have. A new neural network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities. Yaron Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the gestalt — or overall impression — of faces and ____18____ a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have. They ____19____ the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labelled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes (综合症). The team then asked the AI to ____20____ potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer among its list of 10 responses 91 per cent of the time. Gurovich and his team also tested the neural network’s ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations (变异) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used photographs of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in any one of five genes. DeepGestalt correctly identified the genetic source of the physical ____21____ 64 per cent of the time. It’s clearly not perfect, but it’s still much better than humans are at trying to do this. As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are ____22____ and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance. The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions about privacy. If faces can ____23____ details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, secretly use such techniques to ____24____ against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders. However, Gurovich says the tool will only be available for use by clinicians. This technique could bring significant benefits for those who have genetic syndromes. The real value here is that for some of these ultra-rare diseases, the process of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then be ____25____ through checking genetic markers. For some diseases, it will cut down the time to diagnosis dramatically. For others, it could perhaps add _____26_____ of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, help find new treatments or cures. III. Reading Comprehension (15%+22%) Section A Cloze Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The Schools That Are Bringing Poor Kids... A college degree is, in most cases, the key to more money and a more comfortable standard of living. But that pathway to higher earnings is more ___27___ to some than others: A lot of leading colleges do not enroll a lot of low-income students, and as a result, they’re not ___28___ very many students from low-income households into the middle and upper classes. ___29___, though strategies for enrolling and preserving low-income students are usually mentioned, they can be tough to ___30___ at scale. Dozens of top colleges and universities have more students from the top 1 percent of the income scale than the ___31___ 60 percent. And that’s a problem if colleges hope to escape the common ___32___ that they are little more than a finishing school for the elite (精英). But there are institutions — a lot of them — that have strong track records of ___33___ the socioeconomic fortunes of students. If higher education is supposed to be the great equalizer (平衡器), these institutions — from community colleges to public regional four-year colleges — are the ones that are doing the most work. Colleges should be ___34___ recruiting and enrolling low-income students — and that means more than targeting ads to ___35___ students on social media. It means a commitment to going where they are — areas that a lot of schools do not typically recruit — and publicize the process of going to college. Then they should be supporting students with ____36____ when the students get to campus — whether it’s writing centers, generous financial aid packages, or simply sympathetic academic advisors who perhaps came from low-income backgrounds themselves. And it is also preparing students for jobs after college and building relationships with businesses that ____37____ the process of finding post-graduation employment for students, especially for those whose parents don’t have their own professional ____38____. Pace ranks first among private colleges in motivating its students from the lowest levels of the income scale and into the middle and upper class. There are a lot of ways in which people of privilege (特权) ____39____ their college years or having unpaid internships (实习) or having the social capital to get certain jobs. But colleges can fill those ____40____, particularly for low-income students, helping students get jobs, or sustaining them with programs that help them land paid internships with top companies. We can provide strong networks through faculty and staff as well to help a new generation, a new, socioeconomically ____41____ generation, achieve the American dream. 27. A. important B. necessary C. available D. realistic 28. A. evaluating B. urging C. refusing D. promoting 29. A. However B. What’s more C. In contrast D. On the whole 30. A. implement B. replace C. overcome D. track 31. A. minimum B. bottom C. fixed D. estimated 32. A. criticism B. comment C. practice D. goal 33. A. worsening B. claiming C. improving D. denying 34. A. directly B. strictly C. actively D. cautiously 35. A. urban B. native C. suburban D. prospective 36. A. resources B. coaches C. skills D. funds 37. A. push B. ease C. slow D. affect 38. A. trainings B. careers C. standards D. networks 39. A. benefit from B. invest in C. fit into D. advance through 40. A. vacancies B. gaps C. bottoms D. blanks 41. A. competitive B. responsible C. diverse D. dynamic Section B Reading Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. (A) My name is Michelle Rogers. For most of my life I had been fighting with my body weight. I was either gaining weight or trying to lose it. I wasn’t happy with myself, and I certainly wasn’t able to fully enjoy life. Not only did I feel bad physically? But I felt terrible emotionally. I also knew I wasn’t able to be the best I could be, and with failure after failure in losing weight, I just felt so hopeless to overcome it. One day in 2008, I was looking through ads online and saw a treadmill (跑步机) for $ 100. This time I decided to start small and keep it doable. The first week I started walking 15 minutes on the treadmill at a fixed time every day. The next week I did 16 minutes. Each week I added a minute. Gradually, I increased speed as well as time. Once I got to 30 minutes, the weight started dropping off. I didn’t lose weight at first, but I didn’t give up like I did in the past. I realized I started feeling better. My legs were getting stronger. I didn’t feel painful like I used to when I got up from my desk. All the efforts I’d been putting into fitness made me want to start eating healthier, too. I began with small changes as well. After these years I started listening to my body. It was refusing food and habits that were bad for me. Today, the extra weight is gone. I still exercise every morning. I look and feel the best I have never done. Every area of my life has improved and benefited from this change in me. Not only do I have my youthful energy, looks and health back, but also I have more confidence than I have ever had. 42. How did Michelle feel about losing weight before 2008? A. Confident. B. Satisfied. C. Hopeless. D. Uncaring. 43. How many weeks had passed before Michelle’s weight began dropping? A. 15 weeks. B. 17 weeks. C. 20 weeks. D. 30 weeks. 44. What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Life. B. Health. C. The treadmill. D. The body. 45. What can we learn from Michelle’s story? A. Time is money. B. Start with small things. C. It’s never too late to start. D Nothing is more important than confidence. (B) To get better night’s sleep, get into bed with Zeo Introducing the revolutionary Zeo Personal Sleep Coach The inability to get a good night’s sleep is one of the top health issues. A night of poor sleep can affect one’s mood, energy level, and performance. Most people have felt powerless to do anything about it until now. Introducing Zeo, a revolutionary approach to the problem of poor sleep. A revolution in the science of sleep Designed by leading sleep scientists, the Zeo Personal Sleep Coach is the first consumer product to help you take control of your sleep. Because understanding your sleep is the first step toward managing it. Wear the light Zeo Headband to bed and Zeo technology tracks and records your personal sleep patterns and wirelessly send them to the Zeo Bedside Display. When you wake up, you simply touch a button to get your sleep data: the time you took to fall asleep, your time in deep sleep and light sleep, and how often you woke up. 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Zeo Personal Sleep Coach is neither a medical device nor a medical program and is not intended for the treatment of sleep disorders. 46. What is the most remarkable feature of Zeo? ________ A. Its direct contact with sleep scientists B. Its individualized coaching program C. Its effectiveness in curing sleep disorders D. Its immediate analysis of sleep data 47. What customer service does Zeo provide? ________ A. Cheap online tools. B. A 30-day action plan. C. Personalized bedside display. D. Free delivery of the product. 48. Which of the following information regarding Zeo is true? ________ A. The Zeo Personal Sleep Coach is the only tool to help you take control of your sleep. B. Customers cannot get the money back after they find products defected C. The Zeo Personal Sleep Coach tracks and records your personal sleep patterns D. The Zeo Personal Sleep Coach can help patients recover from illness. C In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than their parents did and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes”. If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important and that has happened in some cases — we are as badly off as before, only in reverse. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism”- but we don’t want to exchange it for a “neo-popism”. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credits, nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze man’s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own way for solving its own problems. Excessive authoritarianism (权力主义) has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent (有关系的) not only to a healthy democracy but also to a healthy family. 49. The danger in the sharing of the household tasks by the mother and father is that ________. A. the role of the father may become an inferior one B. the role of the mother may become an inferior one C. the children will grow up believing that life is a battle of the sexes D. the father will be less capable in his profession 50. The author states that bringing up children ________. A. is primarily the mother’s job B. belongs among the duties of the father C. belongs to the one who is free more often D. involves partnership of equals 51. According to the author, the father’s role in the home is ________. A. minor because he is an ineffectual parent B. irrelevant to the healthy development of the child C. pertinent to the healthy development of the child D. identical to the role of the child’s mother 52. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? A. A healthy, co-operative family is a basic ingredient of a healthy society. B. Men are basically opposed to sharing household chores. C. Division of household responsibilities is workable only in theory. D A woman’s place is always in the home. IV. Vocabulary: (9%) Fill in the blanks with the proper expressions given below. Change the form when necessary. obtain regard settle demand march manage survive target with determination 53. He hasn’t the faintest idea how to ________ people. 54. The recession has weakened so many businesses that many can no longer ________ . 55. “We want ________ all matters at the negotiating table,” he said. 56. At that immediate moment, with tears gushing into my eyes, I understood why I’d been doing all these and overcoming all kinds of difficulties ________ alone. 57. The company ________ by animal rights groups for its use of dogs in drugs trials. 58. ________ the overall score, add up the totals in each column. 59. There’s an increased ________ for organic produce these days. 60. I have nothing further to say in this ________. 61. He ________ into the kitchen without knocking. V. Translation (6%+3%+3%+4%+4%) A Complete the following sentences according to the Chinese given. (6%) 62. They had a picture painted which ________ the memory of the noble leader. (致力于……) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 63. They are unwilling ________ he demanded. (出高价) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 64. Men ________ knives and clubs attacked his home. (携带，配备) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 65. He couldn’t ________ have their life work destroyed by gangsters. (承担得起) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 66. ________, he continued his research into rice hybrids. (尽管遭遇挫折) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 67. He ________ for disruptive behaviour. (被学校开除) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 68. 记者被要求写出能引起读者情感共鸣的新闻报道。 (appeal) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 69. 像纽约这样的大都市并不缺少高层建筑。 （shortage）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________________ 70. 这位敬业的老师宁愿不休息也不耽误学生学业，这非常感人。 (than) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 71. 他尝试了不同的方法去寻找失踪的男孩，却发现他的尝试都没有成功。 (only) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$