Unit 6 知识点讲义 2024-2025学年牛津译林版英语八年级上册

May you enjoy your study and get progress here. 1 / 13 8A Unit6 Birdwatching 知识点梳理 【Comic strip and Welcome to the unit】 1. I often go to the market to watch the birds. 考点 1. to do 表目的 位置:句首, 逗号隔开 句中,非谓语动词 如:To understand the book better, he read it again. 考点 2. 在市场上 at the market 【巩固练习】 1. _ the wetlands, we must help people _ the importance of wetlands. A. Protecting; to learn B. To protect; learn C. Protecting; learning D. To protecting; to learn 2. Our family will go to Hainan _ holiday. A. to take B. take C. to spend D. spend 3. _ local people's taste, Chinese restaurants have made some changes to the dishes. A. Meeting B. Meet C. To meet D. To meeting 4. They got up early _ the early bus. A. to catching B. in order to catch C. catching D. catch 5. _the environment, many supermarkets stop _ free plastic bags for shoppers. A. Protecting, providing B. To protect, providing C. Protect, to provide D. Protecting, to provide 2.The science teacher encourages the Class 1, Grade 8 students to join the Birdwatching Society to learn more about birds in the wetlands. 考点 1. encourage / n k r d / (v.) 鼓励; 激励=inspire 鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人不做某事 encourage sb not to do encouragement (un.) 鼓励 感谢你的鼓励 thanks for your ~ courage (un.)勇气 discourage (v.)使泄气 助记:前缀 en- 使…做某事 dis-使相反 考点 2. society (n.) 社会 social (adj.) 社会的 社会问题 social problems 【巩固练习】 1. Jessie’s parents always encourage her _ her opinions(观点)about the latest news. A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. will speak 2. Your _ encouragement _ (encourage) brought me success in the end. 3. —My teachers often encourage me _ more friends but I find it difficult. —Your teachers' idea is right. The more friends you make, _ you will be. A. to make; the more happy B. to make; happier C. making; the happier D. to make; the happier May you enjoy your study and get progress here. 2 / 13 4. Our English teacher encourages us _ part in all kinds of after-class activities. A. to take B. take C. taking D. to taking 3. How many types of cranes are there in the world? 考点 1:type (1) (n.)类,型,式,种= kind a type/kind of + 单数名词(不带冠词) 一种… different types/kinds of +名词复数 各种各样… (2)拓展:type (v.) 打字 【巩固练习】 1. There are not many _types_ (类型) of cranes left in the world. 【Reading】 1. Zhalong Nature Reserve is in Heilongjiang Province in North-east China. It is one of the world’s most important wetlands. 考点 1. nature (n.)自然,自然界,大自然 nature reserve 自然保护区 in the nature 在大自然 natural (adj.)自然界的,天然的,简单自然的 如:自然环境 natural environment natural beauty 自然美景= the beauty of nature natural gas 天然气 natural disasters 自然灾害 naturally (adv.) 自然地 【巩固练习】 1. She has a _ natural _(nature) ability to understand the motive(动机) of others. 2. I am interested in learning about wildlife. I enjoy the _ natural _ world. (nature) 3. I have been to the village many times to enjoy the_ natural _ (自然的) beauty there. 考点 2. in North-east China 中国东北 注意:当明确地划定地域范围或政治范围时,用 south、north、east、west 时,它的首字母 要大写.... 如:South China 华南 North China 华北 East China 华东 (1)north-east = northeast 东北部的 (写法不同) (2)回顾:in:在…里面 on:接壤(相切) to:在…外部 【巩固练习】 1. Swallows often fly to _northern_ (north) countries in summer. 2. The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife. 考点 1. provide / pr va d/ (vt.) 提供,供给,供应;为(某人)配备 为某人提供某物 provide sth. for sb= provide sb with sth. 如:These letters should provide us with all the information we need. =These letters should provide all the information we need for us. 同义短语:offer / f / v. 主动提出 为某人提供某物 offer sb sth. = offer sth. to sb (双宾语) 主动做某事 offer to do sth. May you enjoy your study and get progress here. 3 / 13 offer (n.) 录取通知书 【巩固练习】 1.The manager said that his company could _ lunch for you if you work there. A. provide B. offer C. have D. feed 2. —What do you think of the hotel? —Great! It can provide us _ hot water; it can also provide food _ us. A. for; for B. with; with C. with; for D. for; with 3. The waiter _ us with free hot water in the hotel. A. gave B. offered C. provided D. sold 4. The area provides _cover_(庇护所) for the rare birds. 考点 2. cover ① un. 庇护所 ② cn. 封面;盖子 ③ v. 覆盖;占地面积为 用…覆盖 cover …with … = sth be covered with 占地面积为 cover an area of +面积 = the area of … is 例:The lady covered her face with hands. 例: That mountain is covered with snow all year round. 3. Many birds live in Zhalong all year round, while some go there only for a short stay. 考点 1. all year round 终年,一年到头= the whole year 类似词组:all day/night long 整天/夜 all summer long 整个夏天 考点 2. while (1)并列连词:然而 此时,while 一般位于句中 如:Some people waste food while others haven’t enough. You like sports, while I prefer music. (2)连词:当…时候,在…期间 引导时间状语从句 此时的主从句谓语动作同时发生,从句谓语通常是延续性动词。 如:Mary watched TV while she ate her supper. While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep. (3)难点:while 引导从句时,如主从句的主语一致,且从句谓语又含有 be 则从句主语和 be 省略 如:We are teachers while (we are) serving as students. when/while sb do sth = when/while doing sth (4) (n.)一段时间 片刻 for a while 【巩固练习】 1. —Some people try every possible way to save birds _ others even kill them for food! —Hope more people will learn to care about birds. A. so B. while C. if D. because 2. It is summer now in China, _ it is winter in Australia. A. before B. until C. while D. since 3. Tom is watching TV, _ his father is busy cooking at the moment. May you enjoy your study and get progress here. 4 / 13 A. after B. while C. before D. so 考点 3.stay /ste / ① n. 停留; 逗留(时间) have a short stay =stay for a short time ② v. 停留; 待 stay at home stay up 熬夜 stay out (晚上)不回家 ③ lv. 保持 =keep = remain/r me n/ + adj. stay/keep/remain fit 【巩固练习】 1. During _ in Beijing, the principal visited all the places of great interest happily. A. he stayed B. his stay C. he stays D. he is staying 2. We need _ at the hotel for _ because of the heavy snow. A. stay; short stay B. staying; a short stay C. to stay; short stay D. to stay; a short stay 4.There are not many cranes left in the world, and 40 per cent of them live in Zhalong. 考点 1. per cent 百分之… 美式写法:percent/ p s nt/ 用法:基数词 + per cent of + 名词/代词 考点:谓语动词和名词/代词的数,保持一致 例:1. Sixty percent of the students in Class One _are_ (be) girls. 2. Seventy-one percent of the earth _is_ (be)covered with sea. 【巩固练习】 1. 40% of the students _ going to have lunch in that restaurant, but there is little food _. A. is; left B. is; leaving C. are; left D. are; leaving 2. _ of the work _ too hard for me, so I can't finish it without any help. A. Sixty percent; is B. Sixty percents; are C. Sixty percents; is D. Sixty percent; are 3. _ of the coat _ made of cotton. It feels comfortable. A. Ninety per cent; is B. Ninety per cents; are C. Ninety per cents; is D. Ninety per cent; are 4. Fifty _percent_ (百分之) of the students in our classroom are girls. 5. 我们学校有百分之三十的学生来自农村。 Thirty percent of the students in our school come from the country. 5. Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings. This will lead to less and less space for wildlife. 考点 1. in order to (do sth.) 为了…,以…为目的 否定形式:in order not to do 区分:in order that 和 in order to 只有在主从句主语一致时,才能用 in order to,且接的是短语,in order that 接的是句子 【巩固练习】 1. A lot of famous doctors gathered in Harbin _ save “China’s most beautiful teacher—Ms Zhang Lili. A.so that B. in order to C.in order that D.as a result May you enjoy your study and get progress here. 5 / 13 2. In order _ late, Dad got up one hour earlier than usual. A. not to be B. not be C. not being D. don't be 3. 随声携带一本笔记本记下你所看到的东西。 Take a notebook with you in order to write down what you see. 考点 2. 辨析 room & space space ① un.空间 =room 为……腾出空间 make room/space for… 占据多/ 少空间 take up much/ little space(room) ② cn. 太空; 空地; 空处 time and space 时间和空间(时空) a parking space 停车的空地 【巩固练习】 1. If people change wetlands to make _ for farms, birds will not have enough _ to live. A. room; space B. rooms; space C. space; rooms D. spaces; room 考点 3. lead / li d / 过去式:led ①带路,指引 lead sb to sp. eg. The tour guide (导游) lead us to the park. All ways lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 ②导致 lead to (doing) sth. = cause to do sth = result in… 导致…..(to 为介词) lead to doing sth 导致做某事 eg. Carelessness led to failing the exam. ③ v. 过(某种生活) lead/live a happy life 过快乐的生活 ④ un. 领先地位 take the lead 领先 cn. leader 领导者 例:His carelessness finally led to _(lose) the match. losing The old woman _ (lead) a happy life after she retired. led 【巩固练习】 1. The number of giant pandas is becoming _ because there are _ living areas for wildlife. A. fewer and fewer; less and less B. smaller and smaller; less and less C. fewer and fewer; smaller and smaller D. smaller and smaller; fewer and fewer 2. _ animals are in danger and there will be _ space for them if we don’t take any actions. A. More and more; more and more B. Less and less; less and less C. More and more; less and less D. Less and less; more and more 3. The heavy fog _led_(lead) to a serious traffic last night. 6. Moreover, fishermen keep fishing there. As a result, the birds do not have enough food to eat. 考点 1. moreover (adv.)此外;而且;加之= what’s more=besides however (adv.) 然而 otherwise (adv.) 否则 May you enjoy your study and get progress here. 6 / 13 though (adv.) =although 虽然,尽管 anyway 不管怎样,无论如何 instead 相反;而不是 考点 2. keep doing sth 一直做某事 keep sb doing sh 使某人一直做某事 考点 3. enough adj. 足够的 adv. 足够地;充分地 位置:名前形副后 【巩固练习】 1. The price is too high, and _, the house isn’t in a suitable position. A. however B. though C. otherwise D. moreover 2. —We can save energy by riding bike. —_, people should get used to recycling the waste. A. Moreover B. However C. Otherwise D. Anyway 3. Bicycling is a good exercise. _, it is easy to learn. A. However B. Otherwise C. While D. Moreover 4. Last weekend, U.S. President-elect Joe Biden didn’t go to the cinema._, he went to an old people’s home. A. Otherwise B. Moreover C. Instead D. But 5. The poor man is _.We should give him _. A. enough old; enough food B. old enough; enough food C. enough old; food enough D. enough food; food enough 7. Now the Chinese government has made laws to prevent all these things in Zhalong. 考点 1. 现在完成时 (1)结构:have/ has +done (动词的过去分词) (2)含义:已经做了某事 (3)作用:动作在过去结束,但对现在有影响 动作发生在过去一直持续到现在,并且还有可能继续延续下去 (4) 时间状语:already(已经),many times… 考点 2. prevent v. 阻止 阻止某人做某事 prevent sb (from) doing sth. (from 可省略) = stop…(from) doing sth. (from 可省略) = keep…from doing sth. (from 不可省略) 【巩固练习】 1. Today the forests are getting fewer and fewer. We must _ down too many trees. A. keep people from cutting B. prevent people from cutting C. stop people cutting D. all the above 2. You should prevent your father from _driving_ (drive) fast. 3. 你最好不要阻止他记录鸟在数量上的变化。 You had better not prevent him from recording the changes in the number of the birds. 8. We record their types and changes in their numbers. May you enjoy your study and get progress here. 7 / 13 考点 1. record (1) /r k d/ v. 记录; 录制 例:Did you remember to record that programme for me? (2) / rek d/ n. 记录;记载 set a record 创造记录 break the record 打破记录 keep / hold the record 保持记录 考点 2. change /t e nd / (1) cn. 变化;改变 change(s) in.... 在某方面的变化 例:We record their types and changes in their numbers. (2) un. 找零 例:Don't forget your change! (3) v. 改变、更换 change …into… 把…变成… change one’s mind 改变某人的想法 【巩固练习】 1. Do you know the _changes_(change) of the bird in the numbers? 9. We need more people to count and describe the birds. We hope this will help people understand the importance of the wetlands. 考点 1. count ① (v.) 计算;数数 count from 1 to 100 从 1 数到 100 count down 倒计时 ② (v.) 重要;有价值 Eg. Every point in this game counts. countable (adj.) 可数的 uncountable (adj.) 不可数的 考点 2. describe (v.) 描述 向某人描述某物 describe sth to sb description (n.) 描述; 说明 考点 3. understand (v.) 理解 过去式:understood understanding (n.) 理解力 have a good understanding 理解力好 考点 4. importance (n.) 重要性 (做)某事的重要性 the importance of sth./doing sth. important (adj.)重要的 某事对某人来说是重要的 sth. be important to sb 很重要 be important = be of great importance 【巩固练习】 1. Before he told us the _ of learning English well, somebody told us that he would tell May you enjoy your study and get progress here. 8 / 13 us something _. A. importance; importance B. important; important C. importance; important D. important; importance 2. Do you know the _ importance _ (important) of _learning_(learn) English ? 3. 许多人不知道保持健康的重要性。 Many people don’t know the importance of keeping healthy. 【Grammer】 动词不定式概述 ①动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,否定形式是“not to+动词原形” ②动词不定式没有人称,数和时态的变化 ③在句子中不能作谓语,但可以充当除谓语之外的任何成分(主语、表语、宾语、状语、 宾语补足语等) A: Using verbs + to-infinitives 动词不定式做宾语 (1)接不定式作宾语的动词(“动词+to do” 结构)常见的有: want( 想 )/begin( 开始 )/try( 试图 )/decide( 决定 )/hope( 希望 )/prepare( 准备 )/ remember( 记 得)/forget(忘记)/agree(同意)/fail(失败、未能)/learn(学会)/plan(计划)/ wish(希望)+ to do sth. 特殊情况: ①只能接 doing, 不能接 to do 的动词(非谓语动词): enjoy doing sth./ practice doing sth./ finish doing sth./miss doing sth./mind(介意 8B) sb./sb’s doing sth./keep(on) doing sth. ②有的动词(如 begin, start, like 等)既可接动词不定式作宾语,也可接动词-ing 形式作宾 语,且含义基本相同 ③有的动词既可接动词不定式作宾语,也可接动词-ing 形式作宾语,但意义区别明显 如:1. forget/remember to do sth. (忘记/记住要做某事) forget/remember doing sth. (忘记/记得做过某事) 2. stop to do sth. (停下来去做另一件事) stop doing sth. (停止正在做的事) 3. try to do 努力,企图做某事。 try doing 试验, 试着做某事。 4. go on to do 做了一件事后, 接着做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来做的事 5. mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味做某事 (2)“疑问词(how, what, where, which, when 等)+ 动词不定式”结构可跟在一些动词 (tell, show, teach, know 等)后作宾语 例:Larry didn’t know how to tell her the bad news. May you enjoy your study and get progress here. 9 / 13 I don’t know which one to buy. (3)如果作宾语的动词不定式很长,为了保持句子平衡,可用 it 作形式宾语,而将真正的 宾语(动词不定式)后置 结构:sb find/believe/think it +adj+ to do sth. 例:We found it difficult to understand what you said. B:Using verbs + objects + to-infinitives 动词不定式作宾语补足语 (1)接不定式作宾语补足语的动词(动词+sb.+to do 结构,否定式“动词+sb.+not to do” ) 常见的有: _告诉 _请,要求 _命令 _警告 _ 教 _想要 _ 希望 _ 期望 _ 鼓励 _ 允许 _ 邀请 _ 建议 _ 要求 _强迫 tell、ask、order、warn、teach、want、wish、expect、encourage allow、invite、advise、require、force (2)有些及物动词,接不定式作宾语补足语时(动词+ sb. + do ),要省略 to。这类及物动 词常见的有 一感 二听 三让 四看 口诀:一感(feel) 二听(listen, hear) 三让(let, make, have) 四看(look at, see, watch, notice) 动词 + sb. do sth. 和 动词 + sb. doing sth. 的区别 动词 + sb. do sth. 某人做了某事,表示动作发生全过程(短动词)和经常性(often)动作 例:I can hear the birds in the tree _ (sing) every day. sing 动词 + sb. doing sth. 某人正在做某事,表示动作正在进行(Look!) 例:I noticed him _ (read) a book when I walked past his classroom. reading 此类动词:一感 (feel),二听 (hear, listen to),四看 (see, notice, watch, look at) 如:I saw him_ (read) in the library yesterday. read I saw him_ (read) in the library when I left. reading C:Using to-infinitives for purpose 动词不定式用作目的状语 (1)不定式和不定式短语作目的状语,主要用来修饰动词,表示某一动作或状态的目的,可放 在句首或句末 例:To learn math well, you must do more exercises. We came here to ask you for help. 为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加 in order to 或 so as to 如:I’ve written it down in order not to forget. May you enjoy your study and get progress here. 10 / 13 (2)在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语,表示的是主语的目的,因此,其逻 辑主语通常是句子的主语 比较:To draw maps properly, you need a special pen. (√) To draw maps properly,a special pen is needed. ( ) (3)由 in order to 引导的目的状语,既可以置于句尾,也可以置于句首 而由 so as to 引导的目的状语,只能置于句尾,而不能置于句首 比较:They started early in order to get there in time. (√) In order to get there in time, they started early. (√) They started early so as to get there in time. (√) So as to get there in time, they started early. ( ) (4)当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时,要用不定式的复合结构 (即在不定式式短语之前加 for+名词或代词宾格)作状语 如:He opened the door for the children to come in. (5)当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不同时,要用动词不是式的复合结构作状语 如:I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting. I came early (in order) for you to read my report before the meeting. D: to do 不定式做后置定语(不及物动词介词不能省略) I have nothing to _ to worry about 我没有什么可以担心的。 have a house to _ live in 有可以住的房子 have no close friends to _ talk with/to 没有可以谈话的亲密朋友 lots of music to _ listen to 许多可以听的音乐 a pen to _ write with 一只可以用来写字的笔 常见句型 【巩固练习】 1. The teacher told Xiao Ming _ late for school again. May you enjoy your study and get progress here. 11 / 13 A. not to be B. not be C. don’t be D. not to 2.You’d better _ when your mouth is full of food. A. don’t speak B. not to speak C. not speak D. not speaking 3. All of us found _ difficult to work out the maths problem. A. it B. that C. which D. what 4. The doctor did what he could _ the dying man. A. to save B. save C. saved D. saving 5. _ the missing boy, all he people in the family went out. A. To find B. Finding C. Find D. To have found 6. Here is a piece of paper for you _. A.to write B. to write with C. writing D. to write on 7._ is one thing but _ is quite another. A. Saying; to do B. Say; do C. To say; to do D. To say; doing 8.—Do you know Neil Armstrong? —Yes. He is the first man _ on the moon. A. walk B. walks C. to walk D. walked 9.There’re so many kinds of recorders on sale that I can’t decide _. A.to buy which one B. which one to buy C. to buy what one D. what one to buy 10.The poor man really wanted to have somewhere _ and luckily a person gave him a room _. A. to live; to live B. to live; to live in C. to live in; to live in D. to live in; to live 11.—Why did you buy a radio? —_ English. A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Be learning 12.—Is Eric in the next room? —Well, it’s hard to say. But I heard him _ loudly when I passed by just now. A. sing B. to sing C. sang D. singing 13. —I’m sorry to keep you _ for a long time, Lucy.—It doesn’t matter. A. waiting B. wait C. waited D. to wait 14. When I passed the room, I heard someone _ in it. A. laughing B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughs 15. I often hear her _ this song in the classroom after class. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings 16.—I’m very tired these days because of studying for physics. —Why not _ music. It can make you _. A. listen to; to relax B.to listen to; to relax C. listening to; relax D. listen to; relax 17. Boys, I’ll tell you _, and you can do it _. A. how to do; by yourself B. what to do; by yourself C. how to do; alone D. what to do; on your own 18. I got up every early this morning in order _ the early bus. A. to catch B. catch C. catching D. caught 19. _fail the final exam, he studies English day and night. May you enjoy your study and get progress here. 12 / 13 A. In order to B. So as to C. In order not to D. So as not to 【Integrated skills】 1.The reserve covers an area of over 4530 square kilometres. 考点 1:cover ① (v.) 占(一片面积) 占地面积为 cover an area of +面积 = the area of … is eg. Changzhou covers an area of 4375 square kilometers. = The area of Changzhou is 4375 square kilometers. ② (v.) 覆盖 cover…with… 用…覆盖= be covered with ③ (v.) 包括 eg. The book covers eight hours. ④ (n.) 封面;盖子 ⑤ (un.) 庇护所 ⑥ (v.) 足以支付 【巩固练习】 1. Do you know about 70 per cent of our earth _ water? A. is covering with B. are covered with C. are covering with D. is covered with 2. 这个新的购物中心覆盖了 0.5 平方千米的面积。 This new shopping mall covers an area of 0.5 square kilometres. 2. Yancheng is the largest home to red-crowned cranes in China. 考点 1. be the home to 是…的栖息地 【Study skills& Task】 1.Some writers like to include birds in their poems too. 考点 1. include & contain include / n klu d / (v.) 包括,拥有表示所包含之物中的一部分 include sth into sth 使…成为…里的一部分 include doing sth 包括做某事 contain / k n te n/ 包含,内装,表示包含所含之物的全部 例:My family includes my father and my mother. The bag contains five million dollars. 补充:including(prep.)表示“包括……在内”,含有补充说明之意,做伴随状语,后面连 接的是其“包括”的具体内容。 例:I take six subjects at school, including two languages. 【巩固练习】 1. In that traffic accident, twenty people were killed, _ including _ (include) three foreign visitors. 2. There were thirty people in the classroom, _ including _ (include) the teacher. 2. Here is an application form. First, let me introduce myself. 考点 1. application (n.) 申请/ 应用程序 app apply (v.) 申请;适用 May you enjoy your study and get progress here. 13 / 13 apply for the job 申请工作 apply sth to sth 将..应用到… eg. In this way they can better apply theory(理论) to practice. 考点 2. form (cn.) 表格;形式 (v.) 使…(习惯或想法)形成;建立 fill in a form 填表 form a band 组建一个乐队 考点 3. introduce (v.) 介绍 向某人介绍某人 introduce sb to sb 自我介绍 introduce oneself= self-introduction introduction (n.) 可数名词 【巩固练习】 1. I’m sure that you have the ability to finish these _forms_ (表格). 2. Mr. Baker gave us a wonderful talk after _introducing_ himself first. (介绍) 3. Can you give me a short _ introduction _(introduce) of your school? 3. I think it is important for me to do something to protect them. You can call me on010-5558 6390 or e-mail me at amy@sunshine.com. 考点 1. It is + adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth. 对某人来说,做某事是… sb find/think (that) it is +adj. + for sb + to do sth (宾语从句) = sb find/think it +adj. + for sb + to do sth (形式宾语) 考点 2. 拨打某人的电话号码 call sb. on + 电话号码 按照(邮箱地址)发邮件给某人 email sb. at + 邮件地址 区别: call +电话号码 【巩固练习】 1. I think _ important for us to help people learn more about protecting animals A. that B. that's C. its D. it 2. I think _ necessary for us _ the birds. A. it; protect B. its; to protect C. it's; protecting D. it; to protect 3. You can call me _ 78323487 or email me _ happy@163.com. A. in; on B. on; at C. on; on D. at; at 4. If you don't know the answer, please call me _ 5637-8930 or email me _ niujin08@ sina.com. A. on; at B. on; in C. at; on D. at; in 补充单词: 1. rare adj. 稀少的;罕见的 比较级:rarer 最高级:rarest one of the rarest birds in the world 世界上最稀少的鸟类之一 2. tourist cn. 旅行者 3. clearly adv. 清楚地 比较级:more clearly clear adj. 清楚的 比较级:clearer eg. I can’t hear you clearly on the phone. speak a little more clearly 4. address cn. 地址 an address 一个地址 different addresses 不同的地址 5. write down 写下(名随代中) write down your address 写下你的地址 write it/them downMay you enjoy your study and get progress here. 8A Unit6 Birdwatching 知识点梳理 【Comic strip and Welcome to the unit】 1. I often go to the market to watch the birds. 考点1. to do表目的 位置：句首， 逗号隔开 句中，非谓语动词 如：To understand the book better, he read it again. 考点2. 在市场上 ___________________ 【巩固练习】 1. __________ the wetlands, we must help people __________ the importance of wetlands. A. Protecting; to learn B. To protect; learn C. Protecting; learning D. To protecting; to learn 2. Our family will go to Hainan __________ holiday. A. to take B. take C. to spend D. spend 3. __________ local people's taste, Chinese restaurants have made some changes to the dishes. A. Meeting B. Meet C. To meet D. To meeting 4. They got up early __________ the early bus. A. to catching B. in order to catch C. catching D. catch 5. _________the environment, many supermarkets stop _________ free plastic bags for shoppers. A. Protecting, providing B. To protect, providing C. Protect, to provide D. Protecting, to provide 2.The science teacher encourages the Class 1, Grade 8 students to join the Birdwatching Society to learn more about birds in the wetlands. 考点1. encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ （v.） 鼓励; 激励=inspire 鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb________ sth 鼓励某人不做某事encourage sb _________sth ___________________ (un.) 鼓励 感谢你的鼓励 ___________________ ___________________ （un.）勇气 ___________________ （v.）使泄气 助记：前缀en- 使…做某事 dis-使相反 考点2. society (n.) 社会 __________ (adj.) 社会的 社会问题 ___________________ 【巩固练习】 1. Jessie’s parents always encourage her ______ her opinions(观点)about the latest news. A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. will speak 2. Your ___ encouragement ____ (encourage) brought me success in the end. 3. —My teachers often encourage me __________ more friends but I find it difficult. —Your teachers' idea is right. The more friends you make, __________ you will be. A. to make; the more happy B. to make; happier C. making; the happier D. to make; the happier 4. Our English teacher encourages us __________ part in all kinds of after-class activities. A. to take B. take C. taking D. to taking 3. How many types of cranes are there in the world? 考点1：type (1) (n.)类，型，式，种= _________ 如：a new type of camera What type of plant is this? ___________________ + 单数名词(不带冠词) 一种… ___________________ +名词复数 各种各样… (2)拓展：type (v.) 打字 【巩固练习】 1. There are not many ________ (类型的) cranes left in the world. 【Reading】 1. Zhalong Nature Reserve is in Heilongjiang Province in North-east China. It is one of the world’s most important wetlands. 考点1. nature (n.)自然，自然界，大自然 如：___________________自然保护区 ___________________ 在大自然 _________ (adj.)自然界的，天然的，简单自然的 如：自然环境___________________ ___________________ 自然美景= the beauty of nature natural gas 天然气 natural disasters 自然灾害 ____________ (adv.) 自然地 【巩固练习】 1. She has a ___________(nature) ability to understand the motive(动机) of others. 2. I am interested in learning about wildlife. I enjoy the __________ world. (nature) 3. I have been to the village many times to enjoy the___________ (自然的) beauty there. 考点2. in North-east China 中国东北 注意：当明确地划定地域范围或政治范围时，用south、north、east、west时，它的首字母要大写．．．． 如：South China华南 North China华北 East China华东 (1)north-east = northeast东北部的 (写法不同) (2)回顾：in：在…里面 on：接壤(相切) to：在…外部 【巩固练习】 1. Swallows often fly to ________ (north) countries in summer. 2. The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife. 考点1. provide / prəˈvaɪd/ (vt.) 提供，供给，供应；为(某人)配备 为某人提供某物 ___________________= ___________________ 如：These letters should provide us with all the information we need. =These letters should provide all the information we need for us. 同义短语：offer / ˈɒfə/ v. 主动提出 为某人提供某物___________________ = ___________________ (双宾语) 主动做某事 ___________________ offer (n.) 录取通知书 【巩固练习】 1.The manager said that his company could ______ lunch for you if you work there. A. provide B. offer C. have D. feed 2. —What do you think of the hotel? —Great! It can provide us __________ hot water; it can also provide food __________ us. A. for; for B. with; with C. with; for D. for; with 2. The waiter __________ us with free hot water in the hotel. A. gave B. offered C. provided D. sold 3. The area provides __________(庇护所) for the rare birds. 考点2. cover ① un. 庇护所 ② cn. 封面；盖子 ③ v. 覆盖；占地面积为 用…覆盖 ___________________= ___________________ 占地面积为 cover an area of +面积 = the area of … is 例：The lady covered her face with hands. 例: That mountain is covered with snow all year round. 3. Many birds live in Zhalong all year round, while some go there only for a short stay. 考点1. all year round 终年，一年到头= ___________________ 类似词组：all day/night long整天/夜 all summer long整个夏天 考点2. while (1)并列连词：然而 此时，while一般位于句中 如：Some people waste food while others haven’t enough. You like sports, while I prefer music. (2)连词：当…时候，在…期间 → 引导时间状语从句 此时的主从句谓语动作同时发生，从句谓语通常是延续性动词。 如：Mary watched TV while she ate her supper. While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep. (3)难点：while引导从句时，如主从句的主语一致，且从句谓语又含有be 则从句主语和be省略 如：We are teachers while (we are) serving as students. when/while sb do sth = when/while doing sth (4) (n.) 片刻：for a while 【巩固练习】 1. —Some people try every possible way to save birds _______ others even kill them for food! —Hope more people will learn to care about birds. A. so B. while C. if D. because 2. It is summer now in China, __________ it is winter in Australia. A. before B. until C. while D. since 3. Tom is watching TV, ____________ his father is busy cooking at the moment. A. after B. while C. before D. so 考点3.stay /steɪ/ ① n. 停留; 逗留(时间) ___________________ =stay for a short time ② v. 停留; 待 stay at home ③ lv. 保持 =keep = remain/rɪˈmeɪn/ + adj. 保持健康stay/keep/remain fit ___________________熬夜 ___________________ （晚上）不回家 【巩固练习】 1. During __________ in Beijing, the principal visited all the places of great interest happily. A. he stayed B. his stay C. he stays D. he is staying 2. We need ___________ at the hotel for __________ because of the heavy snow. A. stay; short stay B. staying; a short stay C. to stay; short stay D. to stay; a short stay 4.There are not many cranes left in the world, and 40 per cent of them live in Zhalong. 考点1. per cent百分之… 美式写法：percent/ pəˈsɛnt/ 用法：基数词 + per cent of + 名词/代词 考点：谓语动词和名词/代词的数，保持一致 例：1. Sixty percent of the students in Class One _____ (be) girls. 2. Seventy-one percent of the earth ____ (be)covered with sea. 【巩固练习】 1. 40% of the students __________ going to have lunch in that restaurant, but there is little food ___________. A. is; left B. is; leaving C. are; left D. are; leaving 2. ___________ of the work ___________ too hard for me, so I can't finish it without any help. A. Sixty percent; is B. Sixty percents; are C. Sixty percents; is D. Sixty percent; are 3. ___________ of the coat ____________ made of cotton. It feels comfortable. A. Ninety per cent; is B. Ninety per cents; are C. Ninety per cents; is D. Ninety per cent; are 4. Fifty __________ (百分之) of the students in our classroom are girls. 5. 我们学校有百分之三十的学生来自农村。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings. This will lead to less and less space for wildlife. 考点1. in order to (do sth.) 为了…，以…为目的 否定形式：in order not to do 区分：in order that和in order to 只有在主从句主语一致时，才能用in order to，且接的是短语，in order that接的是句子 【巩固练习】 1. A lot of famous doctors gathered in Harbin __________ save “China’s most beautiful teacher—Ms Zhang Lili. A.so that B.in order to C.in order that D.as a result 2. In order ____________ late, Dad got up one hour earlier than usual. A. not to be B. not be C. not being D. don't be 3. 随声携带一本笔记本记下你所看到的东西。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 考点2. 辨析room & space space ① un.空间 =room 为……腾出空间 ___________________ 占据多/ 少空间 ___________________ ② cn. 空间; 太空; 空地; 空处 时间和空间(时空) ___________________ 停车的空地___________________ 【巩固练习】 1. If people change wetlands to make __________ for farms, birds will not have enough __________ to live. A. room; space B. rooms; space C. space; rooms D. spaces; room 考点3. lead / liːd / 过去式：led ①带路，指引 ___________________ eg. The tour guide (导游) lead us to the park. All ways lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 ②导致 lead to (doing) sth. = cause to do sth = result in… 导致…..(to 为介词) 导致做某事___________________ eg. Carelessness led to failing the exam. ③ v. 过（某种生活） 过快乐的/痛苦的生活___________________ ④ un. 领先地位E9AU1 领先___________________ cn. leader 领导者 例：His carelessness finally led to _______(lose) the match. The old woman _________ (lead) a happy life after she retired. 【巩固练习】 1. The number of giant pandas is becoming _________ because there are _________ living areas for wildlife. A. fewer and fewer; less and less B. smaller and smaller; less and less C. fewer and fewer; smaller and smaller D. smaller and smaller; fewer and fewer 2. __________ animals are in danger and there will be __________ space for them if we don’t take any actions. A. More and more; more and more B. Less and less; less and less C. More and more; less and less D. less and less; more and more 3. The heavy fog _________(lead) to a serious traffic last night. 6. Moreover, fishermen keep fishing there. As a result, the birds do not have enough food to eat. 考点1. moreover (adv.)此外；而且；加之= ___________________=___________________ ___________________ (adv.) 然而 ___________________ (adv.) 否则 though (adv.) =although 虽然，尽管 anyway 不管怎样，无论如何 ___________________ 相反；而不是 考点2.一直做某事___________________ 使某人一直做某事___________________ 考点3. enough adj. 足够的 adv. 足够地；充分地 位置：名前形副后 【巩固练习】 1. The price is too high, and __________, the house isn’t in a suitable position. A. however B. though C. otherwise D. moreover 2. —We can save energy by riding Mobike. —___________, people should get used to recycling the waste. A. Moreover B. However C. Otherwise D. Anyway 3. Bicycling is a good exercise. ___________, it is easy to learn. A. However B. Otherwise C. While D. Moreover 4. Last weekend, U.S. President-elect Joe Biden didn’t go to the cinema. ___________, he went to an old people’s home. A. Otherwise B. Moreover C. Instead D. But 5. The poor man is ___________.We should give him ___________. A. enough old; enough food B. old enough; enough food C. enough old; food enough D. enough food; food enough 7. Now the Chinese government has made laws to prevent all these things in Zhalong. 考点1. 现在完成时 (1)结构：have/ has +done (动词的过去分词) (2)含义：已经做了某事 (3)作用：动作在过去结束，但对现在有影响 动作发生在过去一直持续到现在，并且还有可能继续延续下去 (4) 时间状语：already(已经)，many times… 考点2. prevent v. 阻止 阻止某人做某事________________________(from可省略) = ______…(from) doing sth. (from可省略) = ______…from doing sth. (from不可省略) 【巩固练习】 1. Today the forests are getting fewer and fewer. We must __________ down too many trees. A. keep people from cutting B. prevent people from cutting C. stop people cutting D. all the above 2. You should prevent your father from _________ (drive) fast. 3. 你最好不要阻止他记录鸟在数量上的变化。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 8. We record their types and changes in their numbers. 考点1. record (1) /rɪˈkɔːd/ v. 记录; 录制 例：Did you remember to record that programme for me? (2) /ˈrekɔːd/ n. 记录；记载 创造记录___________________ 打破记录___________________ 保持记录___________________ 考点2. change /tʃeɪndʒ/ (1) cn. 变化；改变 在某方面的变化___________________ 例：We record their types and changes in their numbers. (2) un. 找零 例：Don't forget your change! (3) v. 改变、更换 把…变成… ___________________ 改变某人的想法___________________ 【巩固练习】 1. Do you know the ___________(change) of the bird in the numbers? 9. We need more people to count and describe the birds. We hope this will help people understand the importance of the wetlands. 考点1. count ① (v.) 计算；数数 从1数到100___________________ 倒计时___________________ ② (v.) 重要；有价值 Eg. Every point in this game counts. ___________________ (adj.) 可数的 ___________________ (adj.) 不可数的 考点2. describe (v.) 描述 向某人描述某物___________________ ___________________ (n.) 描述; 说明 考点3. understand (v.) 理解 过去式：___________________ ___________________ (n.) 理解力 ________________________________理解力好 考点4. importance (n.) 重要性 (做)某事的重要性______________________________________ important (adj.)重要的 某事对某人来说是重要的______________________________________ 很重要 be important = ______________________________________ 【巩固练习】 1. Before he told us the __________ of learning English well, somebody told us that he would tell us something __________. A. importance; importance B. important; important C. importance; important D. important; importance 2. Do you know the _________ (important) of _________(learn) English ? 3. 许多人不知道保持健康的重要性。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 【Grammer】 动词不定式概述 ①动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，否定形式是“not to+动词原形” ②动词不定式没有人称，数和时态的变化 ③在句子中不能作谓语，但可以充当除谓语之外的任何成分（主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语等） A: Using verbs + to-infinitives 动词不定式做宾语 （1）接不定式作宾语的动词（“动词+to do” 结构）常见的有： want(想)/begin(开始)/try(试图)/decide(决定)/hope(希望)/prepare(准备)/ remember(记得)/forget(忘记)/agree(同意)/fail(失败、未能)/learn(学会)/plan(计划)/ wish(希望)+ to do sth. 特殊情况： ①只能接 doing, 不能接 to do 的动词(非谓语动词)： enjoy doing sth./ practice doing sth./ finish doing sth./miss doing sth./mind（介意8B） sb./sb’s doing sth./keep(on) doing sth. ②有的动词（如begin, start, like等）既可接动词不定式作宾语，也可接动词-ing形式作宾语，且含义基本相同 ③有的动词既可接动词不定式作宾语，也可接动词-ing形式作宾语，但意义区别明显 如：1. forget/remember to do sth. (忘记/记住要做某事) forget/remember doing sth. (忘记/记得做过某事) 2. stop to do sth. (停下来去做另一件事) stop doing sth. (停止正在做的事) 3. try to do 努力,企图做某事。 try doing 试验, 试着做某事。 4. go on to do 做了一件事后, 接着做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来做的事 5. mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味做某事 （2）“疑问词（how, what, where, which, when等）+ 动词不定式”结构可跟在一些动词（tell, show, teach, know等）后作宾语 例：Larry didn’t know how to tell her the bad news. I don’t know which one to buy. （3）如果作宾语的动词不定式很长，为了保持句子平衡，可用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语（动词不定式）后置 结构：sb find/believe/think it +adj+ to do sth. 例：We found it difficult to understand what you said. B：Using verbs + objects + to-infinitives 动词不定式作宾语补足语 （1）接不定式作宾语补足语的动词（动词+sb.+to do结构，否定式“动词+sb.+not to do” ）常见的有： _______告诉 _______请,要求 _______命令 _______警告 _______ 教 _______想要 _______ 希望 _______ 期望 _______ 鼓励 _______ 允许 _______ 邀请 _______ 建议 _______ 要求 _______强迫 （2）有些及物动词，接不定式作宾语补足语时（动词+ sb. + do ），要省略to。这类及物动词常见的有 一感 二听 三让 四看 · 动词 + sb. do sth. 和 动词 + sb. doing sth. 的区别 动词 + sb. do sth. 某人做了某事，表示动作发生全过程(短动词)和经常性(often)动作 例：I can hear the birds in the tree ______ (sing) every day. 动词 + sb. doing sth. 某人正在做某事，表示动作正在进行(Look!) 例：I noticed him ________ (read) a book when I walked past his classroom. 此类动词：一感 (feel)，二听 (hear, listen to)，四看 (see, notice, watch, look at) 如：I saw him________ (read) in the library yesterday. I saw him________ (read) in the library when I left. C：Using to-infinitives for purpose 动词不定式用作目的状语 (1)不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的,可放在句首或句末 例：To learn math well, you must do more exercises. We came here to ask you for help. 为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以在前面加in order to或so as to 如：I’ve written it down in order not to forget. (2)在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语，表示的是主语的目的，因此，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语 比较：To draw maps properly, you need a special pen. (√) To draw maps properly，a special pen is needed. (×) (3)由in order to引导的目的状语，既可以置于句尾，也可以置于句首 而由so as to引导的目的状语，只能置于句尾，而不能置于句首 比较：They started early in order to get there in time. (√) In order to get there in time, they started early. (√) They started early so as to get there in time. (√) So as to get there in time, they started early. (×) (4)当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时，要用不定式的复合结构 (即在不定式式短语之前加for+名词或代词宾格)作状语 如：He opened the door for the children to come in. (5)当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不同时，要用动词不是式的复合结构作状语 如：I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting. I came early (in order) for you to read my report before the meeting. D: to do 不定式做后置定语（不及物动词介词不能省略） I have nothing to ___________ 我没有什么可以担心的。 have a house to ________ 有可以住的房子 have no close friends to ___________没有可以谈话的亲密朋友 lots of music to _________ 许多可以听的音乐 a pen to __________ 一只可以用来写字的笔 常见句型 【巩固练习】 1. The teacher told Xiao Ming ___________ late for school again. A. not to be B. not be C. don’t be D. not to 2.You’d better ___________ when your mouth is full of food. A. don’t speak B. not to speak C. not speak D. not speaking 3. All of us found ___________ difficult to work out the maths problem. A. it B. that C. which D. what 4. The doctor did what he could __________ the dying man. A. to save B. save C. saved D. saving 5. __________ the missing boy, all he people in the family went out. A. To find B. Finding C. Find D. To have found 6. Here is a piece of paper for you ___________. A.to write B. to write with C. writing D. to write on 7.___________ is one thing but ___________ is quite another. A. Saying; to do B. Say; do C. To say; to do D. To say; doing 8.—Do you know Neil Armstrong? —Yes. He is the first man _________ on the moon. A. walk B. walks C. to walk D. walked 9.There’re so many kinds of recorders on sale that I can’t decide __________. A.to buy which one B. which one to buy C. to buy what one D. what one to buy 10.The poor man really wanted to have somewhere ___________ and luckily a person gave him a room ___________. A. to live; to live B. to live; to live in C. to live in; to live in D. to live in; to live 11.—Why did you buy a radio? —___________ English. A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Be learning 12.—Is Eric in the next room? —Well, it’s hard to say. But I heard him ___________ loudly when I passed by just now. A. sing B. to sing C. sang D. singing 13. —I’m sorry to keep you __________ for a long time, Lucy.—It doesn’t matter. A. waiting B. wait C. waited D. to wait 14. When I passed the room, I heard someone __________ in it. A. laughing B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughs 15. I often hear her __________ this song in the classroom after class. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings 16.—I’m very tired these days because of studying for physics. —Why not __________ music. It can make you __________. A. listen to; to relax B.to listen to; to relax C. listening to; relax D. listen to; relax 17. Boys, I’ll tell you __________, and you can do it ___________. A. how to do; by yourself B. what to do; by yourself C. how to do; alone D. what to do; on your own 18. I got up every early this morning in order __________ the early bus. A. to catch B. catch C. catching D. caught 19. __________fail the final exam, he studies English day and night. A. In order to B. So as to C. In order not to D. So as not to 【Integrated skills】 1.The reserve covers an area of over 4530 square kilometres. 考点1：cover ① (v.) 占（一片面积） 占地面积为 cover an area of +面积 = the area of … is eg. Changzhou covers an area of 4375 square kilometers. = The area of Changzhou is 4375 square kilometers. ② (v.) 覆盖 cover…with… 用…覆盖= be covered with ③ (v.) 包括 eg. The book covers eight hours. ④ (n.) 封面；盖子 ⑤ (un.) 庇护所 ⑥ (v.) 足以支付 【巩固练习】 1. Do you know about 70 per cent of our earth ____________ water? A. is covering with B. are covered with C. are covering with D. is covered with 2. 这个新的购物中心覆盖了0.5平方千米的面积。 2. Yancheng is the largest home to red-crowned cranes in China. 考点1. 是…的栖息地 【Study skills& Task】 1.Some writers like to include birds in their poems too. 考点1. include & contain include / ɪnˈkluːd / (v.) 包括，拥有表示所包含之物中的一部分 include sth into sth 使…成为…里的一部分 include doing sth 包括做某事 contain / kənˈteɪn/ 包含，内装，表示包含所含之物的全部 例：My family includes my father and my mother. The bag contains five million dollars. 补充：including（prep.）表示“包括……在内”，含有补充说明之意，做伴随状语，后面连接的是其“包括”的具体内容。 例：I take six subjects at school, including two languages. 【巩固练习】 1. In that traffic accident, twenty people were killed, (include) three foreign visitors. 2. There were thirty people in the classroom, (include) the teacher. 2. Here is an application form. First, let me introduce myself. 考点1. application (n.) 申请/ 应用程序app (v.) 申请；适用 申请工作 将..应用到… eg. In this way they can better apply theory(理论) to practice. 考点2. form (cn.) 表格；形式 (v.) 使…(习惯或想法)形成；建立 填表 组建一个乐队 考点3. introduce (v.) 介绍 向某人介绍某人 自我介绍 = self-introduction introduction (n.) 可数名词 【巩固练习】 1. I’m sure that you have the ability to finish these __________ (表格). 2. Mr. Baker gave us a wonderful talk after ____________ himself first. (介绍） 3. Can you give me a short _________(introduce) of your school? 3. I think it is important for me to do something to protect them. You can call me on010-5558 6390 or e-mail me at amy@sunshine.com. 考点1. It is + adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事是… sb find/think (that) it is +adj. + for sb + to do sth （宾语从句） = sb find/think it +adj. + for sb + to do sth （形式宾语） 考点2. 拨打某人的电话号码 call sb. on + 电话号码 按照(邮箱地址)发邮件给某人 email sb. at + 邮件地址 区别： call +电话号码 【巩固练习】 1. I think ____________ important for us to help people learn more about protecting animals A. that B. that's C. its D. it 2. I think __________ necessary for us __________ the birds. A. it; protect B. its; to protect C. it's; protecting D. it; to protect 3. You can call me _________ 78323487 or email me _________ happy@163.com. A. in; on B. on; at C. on; on D. at; at 4. If you don't know the answer, please call me ___________ 5637-8930 or email me ____________ niujin08@ sina.com. A. on; at B. on; in C. at; on D. at; in 补充单词： 1. rare adj. 稀少的；罕见的 比较级：rarer 最高级：rarest one of the rarest birds in the world 世界上最稀少的鸟类之一 2. tourist cn. 旅行者 3. clearly adv. 清楚地 比较级：more clearly clear adj. 清楚的 比较级：clearer eg. I can’t hear you clearly on the phone. speak a little more clearly 4. address cn. 地址 an address 一个地址 different addresses 不同的地址 5. write down 写下（名随代中） write down your address写下你的地址 write it/them down 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$