内容正文:
英语句子成分分析及简单句的八大基本句型
1、 句子成分
主语
表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、
疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
划出下列句子的主语。
Country music has become more and more popular.(_________作主语)
We often speak English in class.(_________作主语)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(_________作主语)
It is useless __________ (say ) that to your neighbors.(_________作主语)
Their ___________(different ) aren’t obvious.(_________作主语)
_______(listen) is important while learning a foreign language.(_________作主语)
______ he could get there remains a mystery.(_________作主语)
谓语
1、 不是所有动词都是谓语动词。 Turning around, I saw her looking at me .找出本句的谓语动词。
观察下列句子总结谓语动词的特点: 1. I give you some money . (画出四个句子的谓语动词)
2. She gives you some money
3. He gave you some money.
4. He is giving you some money.
5. You were given some money .
所以可以总结到: 谓语动词通常放在_____的后面。_____(有/ 没有)人称和数的变化。______(有/没有)时态和语态的变化。
2、 谓语动词的分类:
a. 情态动词+动词原形 can / could may might /will/ would /shall/should /must need/ought to +动词原形。
b. 助动词+动词原形 don’t/doesn’t /didn’t +动词原形
c. 实义动词 :有实际意义的词,分为及物动词和不及物动词。如:He runs. (不及物动词) He likes me.(及物动词)
d. 系动词: :描述稳定状态 be (is, am, are) 描述感官 look, taste, smell, sound, feel
表示证明 prove 描述持续状态 keep, remain, stay
描述变化 grow, go, get, become, turn 表示好像 seem, appear
划出下列句子的谓语动词:
1. You must finish the project by Friday.
2. I didn’t like walking.
3. He laughs.
4. He meets a girl during a break.
5. He worked hard all day today.
6. The park looks beautiful.
总结:谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。可以有不同的_____ 和_____。
英语中动词一共分为四类:___________________________________。
实义动词又分为_______和_______。_______其后不可以接宾语,____被动和进行时态,如。
____其后可以接宾语有被动语态和进行时态。
表语
表语:表语的功能是说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态,它位于系动词(比如be)
之后,与之构成系表结构。可以用作表语的有:名词、代词、形容词,不定式、动
名词、分词、介词、介词短语和从句等。
系动词: :描述稳定状态 be (is, am, are) 描述感官 look, taste, smell, sound, feel
表示证明 prove 描述持续状态 keep, remain, stay
描述变化 grow, go, get, become, turn 表示好像 seem, appear
画出下列各句的系动词并且找出表语填空:
1)In order to keep_________(保持健康), he takes exercise everyday. (__________作表语)
2)In my mind, mother is_________. (我的英雄)(名词作表语)
3)Look! Your pet dog is_________.(在那) (___________作表语)
4)The schoolbags come in different sizes. (介词短语作表语)
5)You’ve changed a lot. You are not what you were. (表语从句作表语)
6)Many passengers were __________________(受伤) in the accident. (___________作表语)
7)The machine remains__________________(持续/保持运转) for a long time. (___________作表语)
宾语
宾语: 宾语在句中主要充当动作的承受者,一般跟在及物动词之后,或者介词之后。可以用作
宾语的有:名词、代词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、介词短语和从句等。
We like English. (__________作宾语)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(__________作宾语)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词作宾语)
It began to rain.(__________作宾语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(__________作宾语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(__________作宾语)
宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的成分用来说明宾语的性质,状态特征或者动作。
I saw you crossing the street (__________作宾补)
His father named him Cai Xukun.(__________作宾补)
They painted(涂漆) their boat white.(__________作宾补)
Let the fresh(新鲜的) air in.(__________作宾补)
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(__________作宾补)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(__________作宾补)
定语 是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分。从位置上看,定语可分为前置定语和后置定语。前置定语常位于被修饰的名词或代词之前,比如“美丽的花朵”中,“美丽的”就是前置定语;后置定语则在被修饰的名词或代词之后,例如“something important”中,“important”就是后置定语。
定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、定语从句等多种形式来充当。
Guilin is a beautiful city.(__________作定语)
China is a developing(发展中) country; America is a developed(发达) country.(_________作定语_)
There are thirty women teachers in our school.(__________作定语)
Our monitor(班长) is always the first to enter the classroom.(__________作定语)
The man who is standing under the tree is my father.(__________作定语)
状语:是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分。分类如下:
- 时间状语:表示动作发生的时间,如“yesterday”(昨天)、“at six o'clock”(在六点钟)。
- 地点状语:表示动作发生的地点,如“in the park”(在公园里)、“at home”(在家)。
- 方式状语:表示动作的方式,如“slowly”(慢慢地)、“by bus”(乘公交车)。
- 原因状语:表示动作发生的原因,如“because of illness”(因为生病)。
- 结果状语:表示动作产生的结果,如“so that he passed the exam”(以至于他通过了考试)。
- 目的状语:表示动作的目的,如“in order to learn English well”(为了学好英语)。
- 条件状语:表示动作发生的条件,如“if it rains”(如果下雨)。
- 让步状语:表示虽然存在某种情况,但并不影响主句的动作,如“although he is tired, he still works hard”(虽然他很累,但他仍然努力工作)。
(1) Light travels most quickly.(__________作状语)
(2) He has lived in the city for ten years.(__________作状语)
(3) He is sorry to trouble(麻烦) you.(__________作状语)
(4) He is in the room making a model plane.(__________作状语)
(5) Once you begin, you must continue.(__________作状语)
(6) Frightened, she asked me to go with her.(__________作状语)
画出句子的状语标明这是哪种状语:
1 How about meeting again at six?(__________状语)
2 Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(__________状语)
3 I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(__________状语)
4 Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(__________状语)
5 She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)
6 She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(__________状语)
7 In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(__________状语)
8 He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(__________状语)
9 She works very hard though she is old.(__________状语)
10 I am taller than he is.(__________状语)
二、八种基本句式
句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子。其实英语中最基本的句式只有八种,其他各种句式都是由这八种基本句式演变而来。八种基本句式如下:(试着划分下列句子成分。)
①主语+谓语(不及物动词);①Every second counts
②主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语;①And he stressed the importance of working with our own hands.
③主语+系动词+表语;①We feel at ease in school uniform every day.
④主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth);①Now I would like to offer you some advice.
⑤主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语;This made me relaxed.
⑥主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语;What's more, the stadium opens from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday to Friday.
⑦主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+状语;②I will spend the summer holiday in the countryside.我将在乡下过暑假。
⑧There be...①For example, there are so many reference books that I am often confused about how to choose.
②I'm writing to inform you that there will be a Chinese papercutting exhibition these days.
③Today is National Day.I think there should be many cars on the freeway.
④There is no need to worry about it as the government is now making every effort to provide more jobs.
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