Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2023-2024学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures 1 能充当的成分 主语 宾语 表语 补语 定语 状语 不定式to do n. adj adv ing形式 动名词 n 现在分词adv adj 过去分词done adv adj 非谓语充当成分 2 Functions of infinitives To live abroad is not easy. She planned to visit her parents next week. The question is how to get there. The first person to come is Mr. Brown. He went to France to learn French. His father encouraged him to find a new job. 主语 宾语 表语 定语 宾补 状语 重点： 定语 不定式作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词、代词___________。例如： I have a lot of work to do. She is the first student to come to school. There is nothing to worry about. 后面 1. 作定语 只能用动词不定式做定语的情况 例： 1. Please make an effort to catch the bus. (1)当修饰的名词是 chance, effort, failure, moment, promise, right, time, ambition （表示努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的抽象名词） 快记笔记 只能用动词不定式做定语的情况 例： 1. One should have the courage to accept changes in life. (2)当修饰的名词的同源动词或形容词后加 to do ability, courage, desire, decision, attempt, wish ， 快记笔记 只能用动词不定式做定语的情况 例： 1. He was the first one to think of the idea. 2. You are the only person to be late. 3. The manager is the last to come to the meeting. 4. This is the third question to be discussed. (3)当修饰的名词前有the only, the next, the last, 以及由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。 快记笔记 只能用动词不定式做定语的情况 例： 1. Do you have anything to say? 2. There is nothing to worry about. 3. I want to get something to drink. (4)当修饰的词为something, nothing, anything等不定代词时。 (5)当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。 例： The letter to be written is to my father. The matter to be discussed is important. 快记笔记 重点： 状语 修饰动词、形容词和副词 2. 作状语 例：I come here to say good-bye to you. I'll write down his telephone number so as not to forget it. （1）目的状语： 常用结构（为了）： to do; in order (not) to do； so as (not) to do (不置于句首) 快记笔记 ① She was so angry as to be unable to speak. ② The boy is old enough to take care of himself. ③ He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. ④ I'm too tired to stay up longer. 常用结构： ① so/such… as to do ② enough to do ③ only to do (常表示意料之外的或事与愿违的结果) ④ too … to do 2. 作状语 （2） 结果状语： 快记笔记 现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别 例： 1. We came home only to find our garden in a mess. 2. The child fell, striking his head against the door. 动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果； 而现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。 She is proud to have won the first place. He is glad to be invited to the meeting. We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. “sb. + be + adj. + to do”用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。 此类形容词多是sorry, glad, excited, disappointed, shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。 2. 作状语 （3） 原因状语： 快记笔记 The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day. “sth. + be + adj. + to do”（主宾一致，adj表示主语的特征或性质,省略宾语，用主动表被动） easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, comfortable, good, important, impossible, dangerous 2. 作状语 快记笔记 （4） 其他： adverbial 状语 attribute 定语 to do 目的状语: 多修饰名词 常作后置定语 修饰常被序数词、最高级限定的词 抽象名词之后：effort, desire, chance, promise... 同源动词或形容词加to do: decision, ability... to do, in order to (可句首句中), so as to (只能句中) 原因状语: sb.＋be ＋adj. ＋to do sth. sth. + be + adj. + to do 结果状语: enough to (足够做...), too...to(太...而不能), so/such... as to (如此...以至于) 对本课件使用有任何疑问，请联系小助手：naodong12 更多优质内容，请关注微信公众号【脑洞英语课堂】 16 1 . Q: Why is Yang Liwei famous in China? A: Because he is_______________________________________. (第一个进入太空的中国宇航员). 2 .Q: How do you feel about the film 2001: A Space Odyssey? A: I’m afraid the film is_________________________________. (太长太乏味而无法看完). Complete the sentences using infinitives as the attribute or the adverbial. the first Chinese astronaut to go into space too long and boring for me to finish Practice 3. Q: Would you like to travel into space some day? A: Yes, and I want to become____________________________. (登陆火星的第一个中国人). 4. Q: Could you provide a simple introduction to how space rockets work? A: I’m afraid the whole process is__________________________________. (太复杂了，无法用几句话解释清楚). the first Chinese to land on Mars too complicated to explain in a few words Practice e.g. To learn English well is difficult. It’s difficult to learn English well. 不定式后置 It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth 不定式表示动作的发出者 It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth 说明逻辑主语的性质、品质 It’s difficult____ him to learn English well. It’s wise ____ him_________(make) such a decision. for of to make 3. 作主语 快记笔记 e.g. Jeremy Lin likes to play basketball. The girl decided to do it herself. We hope to get there before dark. 常见的加不定式做宾语的动词：agree, attempt, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, determine, expect, fail, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten,want... 4. 作宾语 （1）Please show us how to deal with the haze. I don’t know which one to choose. （2）I think it very useful to learn a foreign language ① 疑问词+不定式 ( what/where/how/which/when/who/whether...) ② 主语 + v.+ it +adj./n. + to do sth. ( believe/consider/feel/find/make/suppose/think...) 4. 作宾语 快记笔记 ENGLISH LESSON TV table love one dog star two The boy attempts _______( learn ) a language by himself. to learn I’m not sure where ______(go) after being fired. to go e.g. All you have to do is ___________ (finish) the job quickly. 不定式常用在系动词be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语。 e.g. My job is to protect the world. To see is to believe. （眼见为实） My ambition is to work for a firm... to finish 5. 作表语 ENGLISH LESSON TV table love one dog star two My work in the following weeks is ___________(collect) the related data. My hobby is __________(collect) stamps collecting to collect 习惯性的动作（事情） 具体的/将来的动作 v + object + to do/ do He advised me to take the course. I invite you to attend the conference. Jane’s father wants her to go to the medical school. I saw her work on the homework. I hear his alarm buzz everyday in the morning. 常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，这类动词有 allow, advise, ask, call, cause, encourage, expect, force, get, help, invite, need, order, prefer, remind, teach, tell, train, want, warn等。 6. 作宾补 快记笔记 1) 感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, see,watch, look at, notice, observe)后； 2) 使役动词 (let, have, make)后, 但是在被动语态中要还原to。 eg. I made Tom clean the room. ----Tom was made to clean the room. 3) 不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时, 则前有do,后无to；前无do,后有to. e.g. She could do nothing but cry. I have no choice but to go. 6. 以下会省略不定式中的to，但是在被动语态中要还原to 快记笔记 Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal_________ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, _______ (use) current technology, it would take over two years _____ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing______ (know)in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists figure out a way ________ (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey? Is it possible to travel faster than light? No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _______ (help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space. to achieve using to get known to store to help THANKS 28 $$