试题猜想专题17 阅读理解（知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练）-【学考必备】2025年高中英语学业水平合格性考试总复习（江苏专用）

专题17 阅读理解 目录 明晰学考要求 基础知识梳理 考点精讲讲练 考点一　细节理解题 3 考点二 词义猜测题 考点三　推理判断题 3 考点四 主旨大意题 实战能力训练 一 细节理解题 细节理解题的共同特点是答案一般都能在文章中找到，当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，命题人往往需要根据文章提供的信息重新组织语句供考生做出选择。如何解题？ 关于简单细节判断：首先，题干定位关键词—扫描题干，根据关键词明确答题方向，如数字、时间、原因、事件、目的、方式、现象、特征等；然后，查找原文找对应，用略读与查读技巧定位与关键词相关的原文信息；最后，比较选项与原文的对应信息，直接锁定正确答案。 关于综合细节判断(需要对原文多处相关信息进行转换或整合)：首先，读题干，明确关键词和答题方向；然后，定位与题干关键词相关的近义词、反义词或解释性信息；最后，利用正确选项特点(近义词替换原文信息、变换原文语态、词性或词形、简化或概括原文、正话反说等)，确定答案。 二 词义猜测题 对于推测划线单词或短语的含义，可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题； 对于推测代词含义，可以从宏观上充分把握代词指代内容涉及段落的整体含义，并从微观入手抓住关键词或关键句，弄清逻辑关系(因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等)来解题； 关于推测划线句含义，采用三步法—一定位，返回原文，定位划线句子，理清句子结构；二分析，分析划线句子前后语境，根据关键信息和逻辑关系(因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等)合理推断句意；三比较，比较选项，找出与推断出的句义相似的选项。 三 推理判断题 1. 推断隐含意义，题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语，根据题干内容，在文中找到定位词或句，理解信息句的字面意思，结合已有常识，进行符合情理的推断。 2. 推断作者的观点和态度，要注意作者或文中人物的措辞及表达情感、态度或观点的词语、句子，明确是问谁对什么事的态度，明确是作者或文中人物的观点而非主观臆断。 3. 推断写作意图，要通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。 4. 推断文章出处或读者对象，需要根据文章体裁、题材、内容、措辞判断，这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处。 四 主旨大意题 标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能涵盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。 主旨大意题，要搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 考点一 细节理解题 Here is a text about four books of staying happy and healthy in the magazine. You Can Do Itby Marcus Rashford (Published by Macmillan Children’s) Footballer and activist Marcus Rashford is back with his book You Can Do It. Find the power in your voice, be kind to yourself and others. This inspiring book will give you lots of ideas. Happy from Head to Toe (脚趾) by Fearne Cotton (Published by Puffin Books) From the tips of your toes to the top of your head, discover the many ways in which your mind and body are connected. This book includes some advice to help you understand your body, stay calm and find joy every day. A Better Dayby Dr Alex George (Published by Wren & Rook) Learn about mental health and how you can take care of your mind as well as your body. It’s full of useful tools and techniques for young people. Art for the Heartby Xavier Leopold (Published by Welbeck Kids) Art can be a great way to find calmness and confidence, explore your feelings and improve your health and happiness. This interesting art journal encourages you to express your emotions and brighten your day. 1. Who is the writer of You Can Do It? A. Marcus Rashford. B. Fearne Cotton. C. Dr Alex George. D. Xavier Leopold. 2. Happy from Head to Toe was published by __________. A. Macmillan Children’s B. Puffin Books C. Wren & Rook D. Welbeck Kids 【答案】1. A 2. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四本有助于提高身心健康的书。 1. 细节理解题。由表格第一部分中“Footballer and activist Marcus Rashford is back with his book You Can Do It. (足球运动员和活动家Marcus Rashford带着他的书《你能做到》回来了。)”可知，You Can Do It这本书的作者是足球运动员和活动家Marcus Rashford。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。由表格第二部分中“Published by Puffin Books (Puffin Books出版)”可知，这本书是由Puffin Books出版。故选B。 考点二 词义猜测题 Shen Minggang patrols(巡逻) forests in the Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture(自治州) in Hubei Province. Nearly every day for the past six years, Shen Minggang has patrolled forests in Qishuya Village of Yezhou Township in Jianshi County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hubei Province. Walking an average of 2,800 kilometers a year in areas near the village, the 53-year-old forest ranger is responsible for the management and protection of forest resources, publicizing forest laws and regulations and forest fire prevention. Covering a vast area, the village is divided into 14 groups, with mountains separated by a river, so every time Shen goes on patrol, he has to take a boat across the water. He usually set out for the forest before 8:00 a. m. and returns at about 8:00 p. m., carrying some food and water for lunch. There are more than 2,000 forest rangers like Shen in the county who make significant contributions to local ecological(生态的) protection. Currently, the county has a total forest area of more than 200,000 hectares and a forest coverage rate of 67.31 percent. In 2020, Yezhou Township was named a provincial-level ecological town. “I am glad to see the rapid development of our village and the better ecological environment,” Shen said. “I will stick to my position as long as the mountains and my fellow villagers need me.” 14. What does the underlined word “ranger” mean in Paragraph 3? A. A person who loves forest. B. A person who prevents forest fire. C. A person whose job is to manage and protect forest. 【答案】14. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了湖北恩施的一位护林员的日常工作。 14. 词义猜测题。分析划线单词所在的句子可知，划线单词为句子主语，指的是人，结合划线单词前的“Walking an average of 2,800 kilometers a year in areas near the village(在村庄附近地区平均每年步行2800公里)”以及划线单词后的“is responsible for the management and protection of forest resources, publicizing forest laws and regulations and forest fire prevention.(负责森林资源的管理和保护，宣传森林法律法规和森林防火工作。)”可知，句子主语每年步行2800公里，他们的职责是森林资源的管理和保护，宣传森林法律法规和森林防火工作，由此可推断，他应该是一名护林员，所以，划线单词的意思应与“护林员”意义相近。故选C项。 考点三 推理判断题 In March this year, a big fire destroyed the building that housed Kim’s Fish Market in Borough Park, Brooklyn. The accident made Kim have no place to operate his business and no ability to get income. Shea Langsam owns a similar store, just a few blocks away. One would have thought that though he may be sympathetic(同情的) to his competitor’s bad luck, he would welcome this opportunity to gain new customers and increase his business. Instead, Shea did something truly excellent. When he learned of the fire, he picked up the phone and called Kim. Not only did he comfort him but when he heard Kim say he would need a facility(场所) to deliver orders to his customers, he said, “Don't worry! Why not join me in my store before your store could be rebuilt? As fellow community members, we all should try to help each other.” Shea did as he promised and Kim cut his losses. The story is wonderful and it’s an example of seeing fellow community members as part of one family, putting needs of others ahead of their own needs. Businessmen usually want to make more money or grow their business but the story is different. It’s a truly sincere display of true faith and great kindness. Real faith means caring for others and having a heart of compassion (同情) and mercy like Shea. 9. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To describe the difficulty of doing business. B. To explain the importance of a real friendship. C. To display the meaning of true faith and great kindness. 【答案】9. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。两位商人经营着类似的商店，一场大火摧毁了其中一位的商店。另一位主动帮忙，演绎了一段不寻常的经营者之间的故事。 9. 推理判断题。根据第三段“It’s a truly sincere display of true faith and great kindness. Real faith means caring for others and having a heart of compassion (同情) and mercy like Shea.”(这是一种真正真诚的信仰和善良的表现。真正的信心意味着关心别人，有一颗像谢伊一样的同情和怜悯的心。)可知，作者想表明真正的信仰意味着关心他人，对人有同情怜悯之心；作者写这篇文章的目的是展示真正的信仰和伟大的善良的含义。故选C项。 考点四 主旨大意题 Passage1 A new study shows that increases in extreme winter weather in parts of the US are linked to quickened warming of the Arctic. Over the past four decades, warming in the Arctic has been far more definite than that in the rest of the world and has caused a rapid decrease of summer sea ice. Heating in the Arctic has ultimately disturbed the circular pattern of winds known as the polar vortex(旋涡). As a result, it got stretched out of shape and slid southward off the pole. Scientists believe this vortex stretching process led to the deadly Texas cold wave in February this year. 1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The explanation given by scientists. B. The formation of Texas cold wave. C. The decrease of summer sea ice. D. The polar vortex’s being disturbed. 【解析】B。主旨大意题。通读第二段内容可知，该段末尾句“Scientists believe this vortex stretching process led to the deadly Texas cold wave in February this year.(科学家们认为，今年2月，这个漩涡的拉伸过程导致了德克萨斯州致命的寒潮。)”为结论句，即该段用演绎法讲述了德克萨斯州寒潮的形成。 Passage 2 Alex Dunedin threw his smartphone in the rubbish bag 2 years ago. “Culturally, we have become addicted to these tools,” says this educational researcher and technology expert. “They are weakening cognition(认知) and impeding(妨碍，阻碍) productivity.” Dunedin says another reason behind his decision was environmental concerns. “We are wasting large amounts of energy and producing large amounts of CO2 emissions.” 1. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The benefits Alex Dunedin’s smartphone brought. B. The characteristics of Alex Dunedin’s smartphone. C. The reasons why Alex Dunedin abandoned his smartphone. D. The ways Alex Dunedin reduced time spent on a smartphone. 【解析】C。主旨大意题。根据第四段的““Culturally, we have become addicted to these tools,” says this educational researcher and technology expert. “They are weakening cognition (认知) and impeding productivity.” Dunedin says another reason behind his decision was environmental concerns. “We are wasting large amounts of energy and producing large amounts of CO2 emissions.” (这位教育研究人员和技术专家说：“在文化上，我们已经对这些工具上瘾了。”“他们削弱了认知能力，阻碍了生产力。”达尼丁说，他的决定背后的另一个原因是对环境的担忧。“我们正在浪费大量能源，产生大量二氧化碳排放。”)”可知，本段介绍了Alex Dunedin把智能手机扔进垃圾袋的原因。 Passage 1 [2023江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试]A strategy is a plan for doing something well. You can use strategies before, during, and after reading. Before You Read Look at the title, headings, and photographs or illustrations. Think about what you already know about the topic. Guess what the text will be about and what you might learn from reading it     Set a purpose for reading. While You Read Think about what you understand and what you do not understand. Use the reading strategies below to help you understand the text. Use story structure(结构): Pay attention to the characters, background, and plot (情节) events to help you understand how a story is organized Make a summary: Stop for a short while as you read to find out the most important ideas in the text. Ask and answer questions: Ask yourself questions about what you do not understand in the text. Look for answers to questions as you read. Use diagrams: Make diagrams as you read to show how important ideas in the text are connected. Check understanding: When you do not understand a section of text, use one of these strategies to make the information clear • Read again    • Change reading speed • Read on     • Self-correctAfter You Read Talk with a classmate about which strategies you used and why you used them. 1. What should you do before you read? A. Use diagrams. B. Change reading speed. C. Talk with a classmate. D. Look at the title and headings. 2. Which of the following can help you understand how a story is organized? A. Using story structure. B. Making a summary. C. Checking understanding. D. Asking and answering questions. 3. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Procedures for questioning. B. Ways of making diagrams. C. Strategies for reading. D. Examinations of understanding. 4. Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A film. B. A textbook. C. A dictionary. D. A document. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 【语篇解读】本文体裁为应用文。文章主要介绍了在阅读过程中可以使用的策略，包括在阅读前、阅读中和阅读后应该做些什么来帮助理解和记忆文本内容。这些策略包括观察标题、标题和插图，思考已知信息，猜测文本内容，设定阅读目的，使用故事结构，制作摘要，提问和回答问题，使用图表，检查理解等。 1. 细节理解题。由Before You Read部分中的“Look at the title, headings, and photographs or illustrations. (看题目、标题、照片或插图。)”可知，在阅读之前应该看题目、标题和照片或插图。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。由While You Read部分中的“Use story structure (结构): Pay attention to the characters, background, and plot (情节) events to help you understand how a story is organized (使用故事结构：注意人物、背景和情节事件，帮助你理解故事是如何组织的)”可知，使用故事结构可以帮助你理解故事是如何组织的。故选A。 3. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“A strategy is a plan for doing something well. You can use strategies before, during, and after reading. (策略是做好某件事的计划。你可以在阅读前、阅读中、阅读后使用策略。)”可知，本文主要介绍在阅读前、阅读中和阅读后都可以使用的阅读策略。故本文主要谈论的是阅读策略。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“A strategy is a plan for doing something well. You can use strategies before, during, and after reading. (策略是做好某件事的计划。你可以在阅读前、阅读中、阅读后使用策略。)”可知，本文主要介绍在阅读前、阅读中和阅读后都可以使用的阅读策略，而阅读策略是学习过程中常用的方法，因此本文可能来自一本教科书。故选B。 Passage 2 [2023江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试]With the increasing number of Everest mountain climbers, more litter is left behind on this natural wonder. Fortunately, Nepalese(尼泊尔的) officials are working to deal with this environment disaster. Mount Everest has brought much-needed income to Nepal, but a lot of waste has gathered as a result. Climbers need a lot of equipment to successfully climb the mountain. A typical team of climbers can easily use up hundreds of oxygen containers and as many as 15 plastic tents and other equipment during the climb. In addition, there is the problem with human waste. This has been a growing problem and has put life in danger. The waste problem now spreads from the base camp to the river below, polluting the local water supply. In 2014, the Nepalese government tried to solve this pollution problem, requiring that climbers bring back 18 pounds of rubbish on their way down the mountain. But this solution did not work well. Mount Everest officials and the city of Kathmandu put forward a new proposal. First of all, dustbins have been placed along the mountain paths. In addition, heavy fines will be given to climbers who pollute the mountain. These climbers risk losing their $4,000 waste deposit(保证金) if caught throwing things. In this way, careless throwing will surely be reduced. Finally, the rubbish will be removed from the mountain. A local plane company has agreed to use its planes to carry the waste from the mountain to the capital city, where it will be treated. Now, with these new rules in place, the mountain should see a return to its former self. 5. What caused the Mount Everest environment disaster? A. The increasing number of villagers. B. Litter left behind by the climbers. C. Nepalese officials who work there. D. Rubbish produced by nature itself. 6. Which of the following pollute(s) the local water supply according to paragraph 2? A. Human waste. B. Plastic tents. C. Oxygen containers. D. Climbing equipment. 7. What were the climbers required to do in 2014? A. Limit the use of oxygen containers. B. Use wood and metal to put up tents. C. Avoid drinking water from the river below. D. Take 18 pounds of litter down the mountain. 8. How many new rules are put forward in the last paragraph? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 【答案】5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着珠穆朗玛峰登山者人数的增加，山上遗留的垃圾问题日益严重，尼泊尔官方正在采取措施应对这场环境灾难。 5. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With the increasing number of Everest mountain climbers, more litter is left behind on this natural wonder. Fortunately, Nepalese (尼泊尔的) officials are working to deal with this environment disaster. (随着珠穆朗玛峰登山者人数的增加，这座自然奇观上留下了更多的垃圾。幸运的是，尼泊尔官员正在努力应对这场环境灾难) ”可知，珠穆朗玛峰环境灾难的原因是登山者留下的垃圾。故选B项。 6. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In addition, there is the problem with human waste. This has been a growing problem and has put life in danger. The waste problem now spreads from the base camp to the river below, polluting the local water supply. (此外，还有人类排泄物的问题。这是一个日益严重的问题，已经危及生命。排泄物问题现在从大本营蔓延到下面的河流，污染了当地的供水) ”可知，污染当地水源的是人类排泄物。故选A项。 7. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 2014, the Nepalese government tried to solve this pollution problem, requiring that climbers bring back 18 pounds of rubbish on their way down the mountain. (2014年，尼泊尔政府试图解决这一污染问题，要求登山者在下山时带回18磅的垃圾)” 可知，2014年要求登山者下山时带走18磅的垃圾。故选D项。 8. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“First of all, dustbins have been placed along the mountain paths. In addition, heavy fines will be given to climbers who pollute the mountain.(首先，沿着山路放置了垃圾桶。此外，对于污染山区的登山者将处以重罚)” 和 “Finally, the rubbish will be removed from the mountain. (最后，垃圾将被从山上移走)” 可知，最后一段提出了三条新规定：放置垃圾桶、对污染者处以重罚和移除山上的垃圾。故选B项。 Passage 3 [2023江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试]You drove ten hours to your aunt’s house, and you’re ready to get some sleep in the guest room. But though you’re so tired, sleep just doesn’t come. You turn from side to side in bed all night. And finally, when you do fall asleep, you wake up just an hour later. It’s so easy to fall asleep in your own bed. So why can’t you sleep well here? Martha Hotz Vitaterna, a brain scientist, knows all about this problem. “In some sleep research circles, this is called the “first night effect”, she says. “People do not sleep well the first night. There is less slow brainwave activity, meaning not as much time in deep sleep. In animal studies, we see this phenomenon (现象) as well.” The fact that this happens in other animals, too, makes scientists think that bad sleep in new places is the result of a very old process inside your brain. It may date back to the time long before humans evolved (进化). When you’re in your own bed, your brain knows it’s home and you will be safe. It can relax and fall into a deep, healthy sleep. But when you sleep in an unfamiliar place, your brain stays slightly attentive to make sure no dangers are nearby. Even familiar sounds still make you worried. What’s that? Is it dangerous? It wakes up the brain to keep you ready to escape if you need to. But there’s good news: for most people, after just one or two nights in a new place, our anxious brains start to feel safe again. And finally we can have a full night of sleep. 9. What is the “first night effect”? A. Poor sleep on the first night. B. Less rapid brainwave activity. C. Long deep sleep all night. D. Good habit of sleeping. 10. From paragraph 3 we know that bad sleep in new places ________. A. brings danger to health B. exists only in humans C. has bad effects on the brain D. has a very long history 11. Why is it harder to sleep in new places? A. There are real dangers nearby. B. New beds feel uncomfortable. C. People feel unsafe and worried. D. The brain stops working normally. 12. What’s good news for most people? A. Brains no longer feel safe. B. They will have a quick mind. C. They can finally sleep well. D. Unfamiliar sounds disappear. 【答案】9. A 10. D 11. C 12. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，讲述了人在新的环境中无法安然入眠的“第一晚效应。 9. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Martha Hotz Vitaterna, a brain scientist, knows all about this problem. “In some sleep research circles, this is called the “first night effect”, she says.People do not sleep well the first night(脑科学家Martha Hotz Vitaterna对这个问题了如指掌。她说，在一些睡眠研究圈子里，这被称为“第一晚效应”。人们在第一个晚上睡不好。)”可知此处的第一晚效应指的是一个人到了一个陌生地方以后睡眠不好的问题。故选A项。 10. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The fact that this happens in other animals, too, makes scientists think that bad sleep in new places is the result of a very old process inside your brain. It may date back to the time long before humans evolved (进化).(这种情况也发生在其他动物身上，这让科学家们认为，新地方的睡眠不好是大脑中一个非常古老的过程的结果。它可以追溯到人类进化之前很久。)”可知新地方的睡眠不好是大脑中一个非常古老的过程的结果，它可以追溯到人类进化之前很久，因此有着悠久的历史。故选D项。 11. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But when you sleep in an unfamiliar place, your brain stays slightly attentive to make sure no dangers are nearby. Even familiar sounds still make you worried. What’s that? Is it dangerous? It wakes up the brain to keep you ready to escape if you need to.(但是当你在一个不熟悉的地方睡觉时，你的大脑会保持轻微的注意力，以确保附近没有危险。即使是熟悉的声音也会让你担心。那是什么？危险吗？它会唤醒大脑，让你在需要的时候做好逃跑的准备。)”可知人们到了一个新地方以后会感到不安全和担心，所以会睡眠不好。故选C项。 12. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But there’s good news: for most people, after just one or two nights in a new place, our anxious brains start to feel safe again. And finally we can have a full night of sleep.(但好消息是：对大多数人来说，在一个新地方呆上一两个晚上后，我们焦虑的大脑就会再次感到安全。最后我们可以有一个完整的睡眠。)”可知对于大多数人来说好消息是几天之后他们最终会有一个很好的睡眠。故选C项。 Passage 4 [2023江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试]In October, 2021, three Chinese astronauts, Wang Yaping, Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu, travelled to their space station. They stayed there for six months while they got ready for two new modules(舱), Wentian and Mengtian, to join the main module, Tianhe. In December, they gave a physics lesson from space to students in Hong Kong, Beijing and three other cities. Through a livestream(网络直播), the public could also enjoy the lesson. Wang Yaping gave the Tiangong lesson, while Zhai Zhigang made videos, and Ye Guangfu helped in the process. Excited students enjoyed the lesson about the effects of weightlessness on object movement. They were quite curious about what it’s like to live in space. There was no doubt that they had lots of questions specifically for astronaut Wang, who is famous as the first Chinese woman to go on a spacewalk. She had before spent several hours outside the station with Zhai, fixing equipment and doing tests. Wang said it was a great joy to teach children about space while she was there, referring to the two live science lectures she gave in 2013 and 2021. “My family told me that many netizens (Internet users) compared photos of my two lectures and found that our ’space classroom’ is now bigger, the content of the class is more colourful and interesting, and that the livestream is smoother and pictures clearer,” she said. 13. What was Wang Yaping’s 2021 Tiangong lesson about? A. Arts. B. Physics. C. History. D. Travel. 14. How did students feel about the Tiangong lesson? A. Excited. B. Sad. C. Doubtful. D. Bored. 15. What did Wang and Zhai do outside the space station? A. Made videos. B. Gave a physics lesson. C. Compared photos of two lectures. D. Fixed equipment and did tests. 16. What is one of the features of Wang Yaping’s 2021 lecture? A. Fewer questions. B. Unclearer pictures. C. More colourful content. D. Smaller space classroom. 【答案】13. B 14. A 15. D 16. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了三名中国宇航员在中国空间站内给全国的学生上了一堂太空物理课。 13. 细节理解题。根据第一段“In December, they gave a physics lesson from space to students in Hong Kong, Beijing and three other cities. Through a livestream (网络直播), the public could also enjoy the lesson.”(去年12月，他们给香港、北京和其他三个城市的学生上了一堂太空物理课。通过直播，公众也可以享受这一课。)可知，王亚平2021年的天宫课是关于物理的。故选B项。 14. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Excited students enjoyed the lesson about the effects of weightlessness on object movement.”(兴奋的学生们喜欢上了关于失重对物体运动影响的课程。)可知，学生们对天宫课的感受是兴奋的。故选A项。 15. 细节理解题。根据第三段“She had before spent several hours outside the station with Zhai, fixing equipment and doing tests.”(之前，她和翟在空间站外待了几个小时，修理设备，做测试。)可知，王和翟在空间站外修理设备并进行测试。故选D项。 16. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“My family told me that many netizens (Internet users) compared photos of my two lectures and found that our ’space classroom’ is now bigger, the content of the class is more colourful and interesting, and that the livestream is smoother and pictures clearer,” she said.”( 她说:“我的家人告诉我，许多网友比较了我两次讲课的照片，发现我们的‘太空教室’现在更大了，课堂内容更丰富有趣，直播更流畅，图片更清晰。”)可知，王亚平2021年演讲的特点之一是内容更丰富多彩。故选C项。 Passage 5 [2023江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试]Do you know how many kinds of breakfast cereal(麦片) there are in my local supermarket? 165 kinds! That’s just one product. Think about all the varieties of biscuits, yoghourt, and chocolate bars. We have so much choice these days. It’s unbelievable! So all this choice must be a good thing, right? It makes us happier, right? Well, not necessarily. People like the idea of having a choice, and many people think more choice must be a good thing. But, in fact, too much choice can cause us problems. If there are too many different things to choose from, we can’t know what to choose. If you offer me a choice of three cookies, I can decide quickly which one I want. But if you offer me a choice of 33 cookies, my brain crashes. Another problem with too much choice is that we think there must be the perfect cookie somewhere. The fact is, there isn’t — so when we have spent half an hour deciding which cookie we want, we feel dissatisfied, because it’s not as good as expected. It’s not cookie perfection. And then we begin to regret all the other cookies we didn’t choose, thinking one of them might have been better. So there can be such a thing as too much choice. We need to recognize that while some choice is good, too much can leave us at a loss. We should focus on being pleased with what we choose. I am going to remember this next time I’m offered a cookie — choose one and enjoy it! 17. What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A. To sell a product. B. To express surprise. C. To introduce the topic. D. To answer a question. 18. What problem can too much choice cause? A. Difficulty in choosing. B. Worry about health. C. A careless decision. D. A loss of memory. 19. The underlined part “It’s not cookie perfection” probably means ________. A. we can’t make good cookies B. there’s no perfect choice C. we are pleased with all cookies D. the cookie doesn’t taste delicious 20. How will the writer solve the problem of too much choice according to the last paragraph? A. Recognize the perfect. B. Make a quick choice. C. Ignore what is offered. D. Enjoy what is chosen. 【答案】17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过提出超市商品种类繁多这一现象，引发了对选择过多可能带来的问题的讨论。作者分析了过多选择可能导致的难以决策、不满足感以及后悔等问题，并提出了应专注于对所选择的东西感到满意的观点。 17. 推理判断题。由文章第一段“Do you know how many kinds of breakfast cereal (麦片) there are in my local supermarket? 165 kinds! That’s just one product. Think about all the varieties of biscuits, yoghourt, and chocolate bars. We have so much choice these days. It’s unbelievable! (你知道我们当地的超市里有多少种早餐麦片吗？165种！这只是一种产品。想想各种各样的饼干、酸奶和巧克力棒。现在我们有太多选择了。这是难以置信的！)”可知，作者对于现在有这么多的选择感到惊讶，并通过列举超市中的麦片种类来引出后文关于选择过多的讨论。因此，第一段的目的是引入话题。故正确答案为C。 18. 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“If there are too many different things to choose from, we can’t know what to choose. (如果有太多不同的东西可供选择，我们就不知道该选什么。)”可知，过多的选择会造成的问题是难以选择。故正确答案为A。 19. 词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“The fact is, there isn’t — so when we have spent half an hour deciding which cookie we want, we feel dissatisfied, because it’s not as good as expected. (事实并非如此——所以当我们花了半个小时来决定我们想要哪块饼干时，我们会感到不满意，因为它没有预期的那么好。)”可知，当我们花了半个小时决定想要哪种饼干时，我们会感到不满意，因为它不如预期的好。因此，“It’s not cookie perfection”的意思是没有完美的选择，而不是我们不能做好饼干、我们对所有饼干都很满意或饼干味道不好。A. we can’t make good cookies我们做不出好的饼干；B. there’s no perfect choice没有完美的选择；C. we are pleased with all cookies我们对所有的饼干都很满意；D. the cookie doesn’t taste delicious饼干味道不好。故正确答案为B。 20. 细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“We need to recognize that while some choice is good, too much can leave us at a loss. We should focus on being pleased with what we choose. I am going to remember this next time I’m offered a cookie — choose one and enjoy it! (我们需要认识到，虽然有些选择是好的，但太多的选择会让我们不知所措。我们应该专注于对我们的选择感到满意。下次有人给我饼干的时候，我一定要记住这一点——选一个，享受它！)”可知，作者认为我们应该专注于对自己所选择的东西感到满意，并在下次被提供饼干时选择一个并享受它。因此，作者解决选择过多问题的方法是享受所选择的，而不是认识到完美、快速做出选择或忽略所提供的内容。故正确答案为D。 Passage 6 Deepfake: synthetic(合成的) media, including images, videos, and audio, is generated by Al technology to show something that does not exist or events that have never occurred. Examples of deepfakes have been widely spread, including a video of Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg giving a speech about his company’s plan, and a video of Elon Musk dancing and talking about the power of dreams, etc. It’s easy for AI to produce such deepfakes using two different deep-learning algorithms (算法): one that creates the best possible clone based on a real image or video and another that detects whether the copy is fake (伪造的) and, if it is, reports on the differences between it and the original. The first algorithm produces a synthetic image and receives feedback on it from the second algorithm and then adjusts it to make it appear more real; the loop is repeated as many times as it takes until the second algorithm does not detect any false imagery. Deepfakers often have evil motives, including creating misinformation and generating confusion. They tend to demean, terrify, and annoy, and have targeted not only celebrities but ordinary citizens as well. Most of the academic research surrounding deepfakes focuses on the detection of huge amount of deepfake videos emerging online. One detection approach is to use algorithms to identify inconsistencies in deepfake videos. For example, an automatic system can examine videos for errors such as irregular blinking patterns of lighting. However, these approaches have been criticized because deepfake detection is characterized by a “moving goal post” where the production of deepfakes is changing and improving while detection tools are always on the way of catching them up. However, education and medicine are two of the fields that may benefit from deepfake technology. In the classroom, historical speeches could be deepfaked to offer immersive and engaging lessons. In health care, it can improve the accuracy with which tumors (肿瘤) are spotted, making them easier to treat. Its use also permits using synthesized data instead of that from real patients to avoid privacy concerns. 21. How does AI create a deepfake video according to the passage? A. By copying and combining the fake images. B. By constantly teaching itself to perfect the output. C. By acquiring feedback from multiple sources. D. By repeatedly generating realistic images from scratch. 22. What is the challenge of detecting deepfake videos? A. Ever-evolving deepfake techniques. B. Insufficient academic basis on detection solutions. C. A massive number of false videos online. D. Limited availability of detection tools. 23. What is the author’s attitude toward deepfake? A. Supportive. B. Critical. C. Objective. D. Unconcerned. 24. What is probably the best title for the passage? A. Potential threats: AI’s new playground B. Deepfake: Human’s another helping hand C. Artificial Intelligence: A piece of fake D. Detecting deepfake: An ongoing battle 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。作者客观地对deepfake进行了客观事实阐述：AI是能轻易地制造出假视频的。 21. 细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s easy for AI to produce such deepfakes using two different deep-learning algorithms (算法): one that creates the best possible clone based on a real image or video and another that detects whether the copy is fake (伪造的) and, if it is, reports on the differences between it and the original. (人工智能很容易使用两种不同的深度学习算法来产生这种深度伪造：一种算法根据真实图像或视频创建尽可能最好的克隆，另一种算法检测副本是否为假，如果是假的，则报告它与原件之间的差异。)”可知，人工智通过不断地自我训练来完善输出创建深度假视频。故选B。 22. 细节理解题。根据第五段“However, these approaches have been criticized because deepfake detection is characterized by a “moving goal post” where the production of deepfakes is changing and improving while detection tools are always on the way of catching them up. (然而，这些方法受到了批评，因为深度伪造检测的特点是“移动的门柱”，深度伪造的生产在不断变化和改进，而检测工具总是在追赶它们。)”可知，检测深度假视频的挑战是不断发展的深度造假技术。故选A。 23. 推理判断题。作者在文章中阐述了deepfake技术的概念、应用案例、原理，动机，也提到了其在不同应用领域的好处和坏处，可推知作者对它的态度是客观的。故选C。 24. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Deepfake: synthetic (合成的) media, including images, videos, and audio, is generated by Al technology to show something that does not exist or events that have never occurred. (Deepfake；人工智能技术生成的合成媒体，包括图像、视频和音频，用来展示不存在的东西或从未发生过的事件。)”结合作者客观地对deepfake进行了客观事实阐述：AI是能轻易地制造出假视频的。故C选项“人工智能：一块假货”最符合文义。故选C。 Passage 7 I was surprised to find the congestion(拥塞) outside Layla’s primary school was unusually absent—I’d driven right into a parking space, and I was on time, for once. The school bell rang, and in a moment a stream of children made their way through the gate. But something was different—the kids were piling into vehicles in threes and fours. Before I could enquire my daughter Layla, Mr Trent, the deputy head, approached. “Mrs Pavis, did you not read our letter?” Letter? What letter? I had a history of not looking out for them, and not reading them in most cases. “The letter? Of course. It must have just slipped my mind—I’ve been away with work.” Now I was digging around in Layla’s messy schoolbag at home. Eventually, I found several letters, all addressing the same topic—parking outside the school gates. Apparently with some parents parking illegally, the police were about to get involved. “Why didn’t you give me these letters?” I demanded. Layla shrugged. “I forgot.” I was about to launch into a severe lecture when it occurred to me that I had always forgotten—I had forgotten to give Layla her money for cookery that morning and forgotten to hang out the kids’ washed clothes. I contained myself and figured out that they wanted the parents to car-pool (拼车). I spent the next half hour ringing round Layla’s friends’ parents, enquiring if they would like to car-pool with us. Unfortunately, they were all sorted. It was my own fault—I should have read those letters ages ago. “Er... I overheard others talking about it,” Layla said, “They said they didn’t know who would car-pool with us, because we’re always late.” I flushed instantly. We were a disorganised family, and I was the one to blame. I resolved to change. With responsibility for my kids, I find I am never, ever late. It’s good for Layla and for her older brothers, and it’s good for me, because now I never leave the house unprepared. I’ve even started checking the kids’ schoolbags for notes from school. 25. What did the author notice when the school was over? A. It was hard to find a parking space. B. Children were picked up in groups. C. Her daughter was absent from class. D. She arrived much earlier than others. 26. What stopped the author criticizing her daughter? A. The reflection of her daily routine. B. The realization of her carelessness. C. The knowledge of her kid’s character. D. The awareness of her kid’s depression. 27. Why did others refuse to car-pool with them according to Layla? A. Because they contacted them late. B. Because they failed to keep the house tidy. C. Because they couldn’t be on time. D. Because they ignored the school’s request. 28. What can we learn from the passage? A. Action creates motivation. B. Mother’s love never changes. C. It’s never too late to mend. D. Patience is the key to success. 【答案】25. B 26. B 27. C 28. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在参与孩子的学校生活中，发现自己粗心大意，并且因为迟到，其他家长拒绝和自己拼车，于是作者决心改变，承担起对孩子的责任，再也没有迟到过。 25. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The school bell rang, and in a moment a stream of children made their way through the gate. But something was different—the kids were piling into vehicles in threes and fours.(学校的铃响了，不一会儿，一群孩子从大门进来了。但有些不同——孩子们三三两四地挤进了车里)”可知，放学后作者注意到了孩子们被成群地接走。故选B。 26. 细节理解题。根据第三段“I was about to launch into a severe lecture when it occurred to me that I had always forgotten—I had forgotten to give Layla her money for cookery that morning and forgotten to hang out the kids’ washed clothes.(我正准备严厉地训斥一顿，突然想到我总是忘记——那天早上我忘了给莱拉做饭的钱，也忘了把孩子们洗好的衣服晾在外面)”可知，意识到自己的粗心大意阻止了作者批评她的女儿。故选B。 27. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““Er... I overheard others talking about it,” Layla said, “They said they didn’t know who would car-pool with us, because we’re always late.”(“呃……“我无意中听到别人在谈论这件事，”莱拉说，“他们说他们不知道谁会和我们拼车，因为我们总是迟到。”)”可知，根据Layla的说法，其他人拒绝与他们拼车是因为他们不能准时。故选C。 28. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I resolved to change. With responsibility for my kids, I find I am never, ever late. It’s good for Layla and for her older brothers, and it’s good for me, because now I never leave the house unprepared. I’ve even started checking the kids’ schoolbags for notes from school.(我决心改变。有了对孩子的责任，我发现我从来没有迟到过。这对莱拉和她的哥哥们都有好处，对我也有好处，因为现在我再也不会毫无准备地出门了。我甚至开始检查孩子们的书包里有没有学校的笔记)”结合文章主要讲述了作者在参与孩子的学校生活中，发现自己粗心大意，并且因为迟到，其他家长拒绝和自己拼车，于是作者决心改变，承担起对孩子的责任，再也没有迟到过。可推知，文章告诉我们“亡羊补牢，犹未晚也”的道理。故选C。 Passage 8 The only science fiction that ever really caught my attention when I was growing up, besides Star Trek and Robert Heinlein’s Stranger in a Strange Land, was the novel Contact by Carl Sagan. When I was 15, I saw the 1997 film version of this. Later, as a 17­-year-­old adapting to my first semester(学期) at university, I read the book. Contact eventually became the gateway for me to try more popular science books. One thing that interested me was the bitter fights the researchers got into with one another about their different ways of measuring the expansion rate of space­time. On second thoughts, maybe this was a lesson I was supposed to draw from Contact, but, at the time, I didn’t regard such politics as a scientist problem. Instead, what caught my attention was the portrayal of Eleanor “Ellie” Arroway, a scientist who searched for alien intelligence. In the film version, Ellie is seen listening to space using a pair of headphones connected to the Very Large Array (VLA)—a real facility in New Mexico. Astronomers don’t really do this for the purposes of actual research because there is rarely any point. This is the kind of detail that is unimportant for the film of Contact, but how it portrays radio astronomy is one of the inaccuracies I occasionally hear scientists complain about. I was lucky enough to observe the behaviour of some water molecules(分子) in the Orion nebula(猎户座星云) using the VLA for my third­year lab course. We didn’t listen to the data. Instead, we processed it so that we could look at it. That was probably the only time I ever excelled in the lab, and I was so excited to be a real­life Ellie Arroway. Later, I was forced to think more about the human aspects of my working experience. I witnessed unnecessarily heated arguments between scientists, complete with shouting and chalkboard punching (用拳猛击). But, thankfully, Contact had not only introduced me to the idea of radio astronomy as a possible career path, it had also given me a road map for remaining calm in the confused conflict of astronomical wonder and human politics. 29. What can be learned about the author in his teenage years? A. He watched Contact’s film version in his freshman year. B. His interest in science was inspired by Contact. C. He read a wide range of science fiction books. D. His favourite science fiction author was Robert Heinlein. 30. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Detecting the sound of space. B. Searching for alien intelligence. C. Communicating with non­experts. D. Visiting the VLA in New Mexico. 31. Why does the author mention his third­year lab course? A. To demonstrate his strong interest in lab projects. B. To explain why scientists sometimes make complaints. C. To show his observations had achieved positive results. D. To prove the film of Contact presented radio astronomy incorrectly. 32. What lesson did Contact teach the author? A. How to grasp career opportunities. B. How to get an excellent score on a lab course. C. How to deal with conflicts between scientists. D. How to explain the science of radio astronomy. 【答案】29. B 30. A 31. D 32. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了《超时空接触》这部作品对作者的深远影响。 29. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“When I was 15, I saw the 1997 film version of this. Later, as a 17­year­old adapting to my first semester (学期) at university, I read the book. Contact eventually became the gateway for me to try more popular science books.(当我15岁的时候，我看了1997年的电影版。后来，17岁的我为了适应大学第一学期的生活，读了这本书。《超时空接触》最终成为我尝试更多科普书籍的途径)”可知，《超时空接触》激发了作者对科学的兴趣，故选B。 30. 词句猜测题。第二段中“In the film version, Ellie is seen listening to space using a pair of headphones connected to the Very Large Array (VLA) — a real facility in New Mexico.(在电影版本中，Ellie用一副连接到甚大阵(VLA)的耳机收听太空——这是一个位于新墨西哥州的真实设施)”提到，Ellie用一副连接到甚大阵(VLA)的耳机收听太空的声音，结合划线词所在句句意“天文学家这样做并不是为了实际的研究，因为这几乎没有任何意义”可知，“this”指代上文提到的“探测太空的声音”，故选A。 31. 推理判断题。第三段中“This is the kind of detail that is unimportant for the film of Contact, but how it portrays radio astronomy is one of the inaccuracies I occasionally hear scientists complain about.(对于《超时空接触》这部电影来说，这种细节并不重要，但它如何描绘射电天文学是我偶尔听到科学家抱怨的不准确之处之一)”提到，科学家抱怨《超时空接触》这部电影对射电天文学的描述是不准确的，下文“I was lucky enough to observe the behaviour of some water molecules (分子) in the Orion nebula (猎户座星云) using the VLA for my third­year lab course. We didn’t listen to the data. Instead, we processed it so that we could look at it.(我很幸运地在我第三年的实验课程中使用VLA观察了猎户座星云中一些水分子的行为。我们没有听到数据。相反，我们处理了它，这样我们就可以看到它了)”提到，作者在第三年的实验课程中使用VLA观察了猎户座星云中一些水分子的行为，没有听到数据，由此证明上文观点，《超时空接触》这部电影对射电天文学的描述是错误的，故选D。 32. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I witnessed unnecessarily heated arguments between scientists, complete with shouting and chalkboard punching (用拳猛击). But, thankfully, Contact had not only introduced me to the idea of radio astronomy as a possible career path, it had also given me a road map for remaining calm in the confused conflict of astronomical wonder and human politics.(我目睹了科学家之间不必要的激烈争论，包括大喊大叫和用拳猛击。但值得庆幸的是，《超时空接触》不仅让我认识到射电天文学是一种可能的职业道路，还为我提供了在天文奇观和人类政治的混乱冲突中保持冷静的路线图)”可知，《超时空接触》这部电影教会作者如何处理科学家之间的冲突。故选C。 Passage 9 While they can’t pick out precise numbers, animals can comprehend that more is, well, more. From birds to bees and wolves to frogs, animals use numbers to hunt, find a mate, return to their home, and more. Researchers believe that this ability, known as numerical competence, plays an important role in how animals make these decisions. Andreas Nieder, a biologist at the University of Tübingen, explores the current literature on how different animals comprehend numbers. Honeybees, for instance, can remember the number of landmarks they pass when searching for food in order to find their way back home. This ability can also be seen in animals choosing a larger amount of food over a smaller amount or in animals forming hunting groups. Wolves are more likely to hunt successfully if they have the right number of wolves in their pack for their prey(猎物) with prey like elk(驼鹿), only around six to eight wolves are needed, while hunting wild pigs requires a pack of nine to thirteen. Their prey also uses this concept to protect themselves—elk tend to live in small groups, which rarely have encounters with wolves, or gather in large groups to reduce the chance of any individual becoming prey. “They are assessing the number of individuals in their groups for their everyday life situations,” Nieder says. Furthermore, numerical competence also plays a role in attracting a mate. For example, male frogs sing “advertisement” calls to attract females. The females, listening to their complicated calls, choose the males that sing the most “chucks” in their calls. Now researchers do have some sense of the rules that govern numerical competence in animals. For example, they count approximately (大概) rather than specifically and two numbers need to be more different for them to tell them apart as those numbers get bigger. However, Nieder argues that more research needs to be done. “I hope I can encourage behavioral ecologists to specifically explore numerical competence in the wild, and, in doing so, also open new research fields,” he says. 33. What do the examples of wolves and elk suggest about numerical competence? A. It gives animals a reproduction benefit. B. It affects animals’ chances of survival. C. It is decided by animals’ hunting ability. D. It develops well in social animals. 34. How does the author mainly develop this text? A. By listing figures. B. By asking questions. C. By giving examples. D. By making comparisons. 35. What do Nieder’s words in the last paragraph focus on concerning animals’ numerical competence? A. Its fundamental rules. B. Its appeal to behavioral ecologists. C. Researchers in new study fields. D. Expectations for further studies. 36. What can be the best title for the text? A. Animals’ understanding of numbers gives them an advantage B. Numerical competence research achieves a breakthrough C. Animals develop numerical competence? Never D. Can many animals count? Better than you 【答案】33. B 34. C 35. D 36. A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了动物具有数字能力，文章列举了一系列动物来说明数字能力影响动物的生存机会以及在吸引配偶方面也起着作用。 33. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Wolves are more likely to hunt successfully if they have the right number of wolves in their pack for their prey (猎物) with prey like elk (驼鹿), only around six to eight wolves are needed, while hunting wild pigs requires a pack of nine to thirteen. Their prey also uses this concept to protect themselves—elk tend to live in small groups, which rarely have encounters with wolves, or gather in large groups to reduce the chance of any individual becoming prey.(如果狼群中有足够数量的狼来猎取猎物，比如驼鹿，狼只需要6到8只狼，而猎杀野猪则需要9到13只狼。它们的猎物也利用这个概念来保护自己——驼鹿往往生活在小群体中，很少遇到狼，或者聚集在大群体中，以减少任何个体成为猎物的机会)”可推知，狼和驼鹿的例子说明数字能力影响动物的生存机会。故选B。 34. 推理判断题。根据第一段“From birds to bees and wolves to frogs, animals use numbers to hunt, find a mate, return to their home, and more.(从鸟类到蜜蜂，从狼到青蛙，动物都用数字来捕猎、寻找配偶、返回家园等等)”；第二段“Wolves are more likely to hunt successfully if they have the right number of wolves in their pack for their prey (猎物) with prey like elk (驼鹿), only around six to eight wolves are needed, while hunting wild pigs requires a pack of nine to thirteen. Their prey also uses this concept to protect themselves—elk tend to live in small groups, which rarely have encounters with wolves, or gather in large groups to reduce the chance of any individual becoming prey.(如果狼群中有足够数量的狼来猎取猎物，比如驼鹿，狼只需要6到8只狼，而猎杀野猪则需要9到13只狼。它们的猎物也利用这个概念来保护自己——驼鹿往往生活在小群体中，很少遇到狼，或者聚集在大群体中，以减少任何个体成为猎物的机会)”以及倒数第二段“For example, male frogs sing “advertisement” calls to attract females. The females, listening to their complicated calls, choose the males that sing the most “chucks” in their calls.(例如，雄性青蛙用“广告”叫声来吸引雌性。听着它们复杂的叫声，雌性会选择在它们的叫声中发出最多“咯咯声”的雄性)”可推知，作者主要是通过举例展开这篇文章。故选C。 35. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I hope I can encourage behavioral ecologists to specifically explore numerical competence in the wild, and, in doing so, also open new research fields(我希望我能鼓励行为生态学家专门探索野外的数字能力，并在此过程中开辟新的研究领域)”可推知，关于动物的数字能力，尼德在最后一段的话语关注的是对进一步研究的期望。故选D。 36. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Researchers believe that this ability, known as numerical competence, plays an important role in how animals make these decisions. Andreas Nieder, a biologist at the University of Tübingen, explores the current literature on how different animals comprehend numbers.(研究人员认为，这种被称为数字能力的能力在动物如何做出这些决定中起着重要作用。Andreas Nieder是Tübingen大学的生物学家，他研究了目前关于不同动物如何理解数字的文献)”结合文章主要说明了动物具有数字能力，文章列举了一系列动物来说明数字能力影响动物的生存机会以及在吸引配偶方面也起着作用。故A选项“动物对数字的理解使它们具有优势”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 10 As a child, I didn’t enjoy cartoons like other girls my age, but I did love listening to discussions about politics (政治). I was very talkative and asked too many questions, which wore out the patience of my friends and sometimes even the adults around me. My Grade 4 report summarized my social relations with “needs improvement”. It wasn’t until I turned 46 that I learned my uniqueness has a name — autism (自闭症). My diagnosis (诊断) was like discovering a missing piece of my brain, picking it up, putting it in place and feeling whole for the first time. From then on, I started to fully enjoy life. What I’ve found out since is that there are a number of others like me — people who weren’t diagnosed as having autism until midlife. In my 20s, I talked with a doctor about my growing anxiety. But autism never entered the conversation. In early 2017, I began a new job in which I was being praised and recognised as never before, so I didn’t know how to deal with it. As I neared the end of my one-year work, all the symptoms (症状) of my undiagnosed condition appeared in my working environment: becoming so stressed out because of overwork. Then, two months later, I received my diagnosis. Finally everything started to make sense. Today, I have my own company called Liberty Co., which suggests that facing the facts brings us freedom. Our goal is to increase the population of people like me in the workplace. It gives me a chance to be a supporter for women with autism. 37. What do we know about the author as a child? A. She was patient. B. She was different. C. She got good grades in school. D. She tried to stand out from her classmates. 38. How did the author feel about her diagnosis? A. Thankful. B. Concerned. C. Doubtful. D. Dissatisfied. 39. What made the author’s symptoms worse? A. No recognition from her co-workers. B. Not seeing doctors very often. C. The anxiety about her social relations. D. The stress of her new job. 40. Why did the author set up her own business? A. To support women’s equal rights. B. To help people in the workplace connect more. C. To include more autistic people at work. D. To teach women with autism survival skills. 【答案】37. B 38. A 39. D 40. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小就表现得跟别人不一样，直到中年，她才被诊断出患有自闭症，她积极面对，并帮助像她一样患有自闭症的女性。 37. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a child, I didn’t enjoy cartoons like other girls my age, but I did love listening to discussions about politics (政治). I was very talkative and asked too many questions, which wore out the patience of my friends and sometimes even the adults around me. (小时候，我不像其他同龄女孩那样喜欢看动画片，但我确实喜欢听关于政治的讨论。我非常健谈，问了太多的问题，这让我的朋友，有时甚至是我周围的成年人都失去了耐心)”可知，作者小时候与众不同。故选B项。 38. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“My diagnosis (诊断) was like discovering a missing piece of my brain, picking it up, putting it in place and feeling whole for the first time. From then on, I started to fully enjoy life. (我的诊断就像发现了我大脑中缺失的一块，把它捡起来，放回原处，第一次感觉自己完整了。从那时起，我开始充分享受生活)”可推知，作者对这次诊断充满感激。故选A项。 39. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“In early 2017, I began a new job in which I was being praised and recognised as never before, so I didn’t know how to deal with it. As I neared the end of my one-year work, all the symptoms (症状) of my undiagnosed condition appeared in my working environment: becoming so stressed out because of overwork. (2017年初，我开始了一份新的工作，在这份工作中，我得到了前所未有的表扬和认可，所以我不知道该如何应对。当我一年的工作接近尾声时，我未确诊的病症的所有症状都出现在我的工作环境中：因为工作过度而变得非常紧张)”可推知，来自新工作的压力使作者的情况恶化了。故选D项。 40. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today, I have my own company called Liberty Co., which suggests that facing the facts brings us freedom. Our goal is to increase the population of people like me in the workplace. It gives me a chance to be a supporter for women with autism. (今天，我有了自己的公司，叫做自由公司，这表明面对事实给我们带来自由。我们的目标是在工作场所增加像我这样的人。这让我有机会成为自闭症女性的支持者)”可推知，作者成立公司的目的是让更多的患有自闭症的人群进入职场。故选C项。 Passage 11 Physical weakness, lack of energy, severe hair loss, and pain in the neck, are more common among young people recently. More people are now turning to TCM for help, which stands for traditional Chinese medicine. Wang Louda, 30, who works in the social media industry, has gained a new respect for TCM after suffering from cervical(颈椎) pain. Six months ago, while driving home from work, Wang suddenly felt weakness in his left arm. He thought it was due to the hard work he was doing and that a good rest over the weekend would relieve it. However, the situation worsened after a week. He had no choice but to go to the hospital for an examination, which showed something wrong with his cervical. A friend recommended that he try acupuncture(针灸). After over a month of treatment with TCM, his pain had gradually disappeared. “TCM is relatively gentle and suitable for treating chronic (慢性的) diseases,” Wang says. Modern people, due to the endless use of mobile phones and computers, spend up to 10 hours a day sitting to study or work. This sedentary lifestyle, lacking in enough physical activity, means that the muscles and bones cannot receive enough relaxation and exercise, gradually leading to damage. Problems such as neck pain, shoulder pain, back pain, and leg pain are becoming increasingly common. Yao Jingyi, who works at a TCM clinic in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, has been engaged in the clinic for over 30 years. He is skilled in treating sports injuries, cervical pain, and chronic diseases. “Acupuncture is one of the treasures of traditional Chinese medicine,” Yao explains. According to him, the ancient practice of acupuncture woks well in treating “modern illnesses”, such as headache, backache and cervical pain. 41. How did Wang Louda recover from cervical pain? A. By taking enough exercise. B. By visiting clinics of TCM. C. By taking his friend’s medicine. D. By having good rests every day. 42. Which can help keep people away from common diseases? A. The lack of sleep. B. Endless use of Mobile phones. C. Long hours’ sitting. D. Enough relaxation and exercise. 43. What does the underlined word “sedentary” in the 7th paragraph probably mean? A. Inactive. B. Unusual. C. Flexible. D. Common. 44. What is the passage mainly about? A. The history of traditional Chinese medical treatment. B. An advertisement for traditional Chinese medicine. C. The modern popularity of traditional Chinese treatment. D. The future development of Chinese acupuncture. 【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章通过讲述了一位30岁的年轻人在饱受颈椎病折磨后，在朋友的推荐下，尝试中医传统疗法，最终疼痛消失的故事，表明中医疗法在现代疾病中的良好效果并越来越流行的事情。 41. 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“After over a month of treatment with TCM, his pain had gradually disappeared.”(经过一个多月的中医治疗，他的疼痛逐渐消失了。)可知，Wang Louda是经过一个多月的中医治疗从颈椎疼痛中恢复过来的。故选B项。 42. 推理判断题。根据第七段“Modern people, due to the endless use of mobile phones and computers, spend up to 10 hours a day sitting to study or work.”(由于无休止地使用手机和电脑，现代人每天坐着学习或工作的时间长达10个小时。)以及“This sedentary lifestyle, lacking in enough physical activity, means that the muscles and bones cannot receive enough relaxation and exercise, gradually leading to damage.”(这种久坐不动的生活方式，缺乏足够的体育活动，意味着肌肉和骨骼无法得到足够的放松和锻炼，逐渐导致损伤。)可知，青年人得常见病的原因主要包含久坐不动，缺乏足够的体力活动，和得不到足够的放松和锻炼，推断出足够的放松和锻炼可以帮助年轻人远离常见病。故选D项。 43. 词义猜测题。根据第七段“lacking in enough physical activity, means that the muscles and bones cannot receive enough relaxation and exercise, gradually leading to damage”(缺乏足够的体育活动，意味着肌肉和骨骼无法得到足够的放松和锻炼，逐渐导致损伤)可知，缺乏充足锻炼的生活方式导致损伤，推断出sedentary意为“不活动的”，和inactive意思相同。故选A项。 44. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“More people are now turning to TCM for help, which stands for traditional Chinese medicine.”(现在，越来越多的人向中医寻求帮助，中医代表传统中医。)及最后一段“According to him, the ancient practice of acupuncture woks well in treating “modern illnesses”, such as headache, backache and cervical pain.”(据他说，古代针灸在治疗“现代疾病”方面效果很好，如头痛、背痛和颈部疼痛。)可知，文章主要通过一位30岁的年轻人在饱受颈椎病折磨后，在朋友的推荐下，尝试中医传统疗法，最终疼痛消失的故事，说明这篇文章主要是关于传统中医疗法在现代疾病治疗中，越来越流行的事情。故选C项。 Passage 12 Astronomers have discovered an unusual solar system near Earth. It’s made up of six planets orbiting a star. What makes this system special is that the six planets’ orbits appear to be matched. Scientists compare their movement to a perfectly timed symphony. “It’s precise and very orderly,” says Enric Pallé, an astronomer in the Canary Islands. The discovery was announced on November 29. It’s based on data from two orbiting satellites, NASA’s TESS and the European Space Agency’s Cheops. The newly discovered system is 100 light-years from Earth, or about 600 trillion(万亿) miles. That’s close, in space terms. Astronomers are calling the system a “golden target” for further study. It could offer an example of how systems across the Milky Way were formed. All solar systems are thought to have started out like this one. But they rarely keep their perfect timing. Giant planets can throw off the orbits of other planets. So can meteor(流星) impact. These things have happened in our solar system. Hugh Osborn, of the University of Bern, in Switzerland, says his team was “shocked and delighted” by the discovery. “My jaw was on the floor,” he says. “That was a really nice moment.” 45. What is special about the solar system recently discovered? A. It is made up of six orbiting planets. B. The planets’ orbits are perfectly matched. C. It is located 100 light-years away from Earth. D. The discovery was made using satellite data. 46. What is the significance of the newly discovered solar system? A. It is the closest solar system to Earth in the Milky Way. B. It is a clear target for future exploration tasks in space. C. It challenges the common thought about solar system. D. It offers an example of the formation of other systems. 47. Which can affect the perfect timing of a solar system’s orbits? A. The impact of meteors. B. The researches of astronomers. C. The formation of the Milky Way. D. The influence of orbiting satellites. 48. How did Hugh Osborn and his team react to the discovery? A. They were very doubtful and critical. B. They were quite surprised and excited. C. They were confused and disappointed. D. They were indifferent and uninterested. 【答案】45. B 46. D 47. A 48. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了天文学家们发现了一个位于地球附近的不寻常的太阳系。 45. 细节理解题。根据第一段“What makes this system special is that the six planets’ orbits appear to be matched. Scientists compare their movement to a perfectly timed symphony. (这个系统的特殊之处在于，这六颗行星的轨道似乎是匹配的。科学家们将他们的运动比作一首时间恰到好处的交响乐。)”可知，最近发现的太阳系行星的轨道完全匹配。故选B。 46. 细节理解题。根据第三段“It could offer an example of how systems across the Milky Way were formed. (它可以提供一个银河系系统是如何形成的例子。)”可知，新发现的太阳系提供了其他系统形成的一个例子。故选D。 47. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Giant planets can throw off the orbits of other planets. So can meteor (流星) impact. (巨行星可以偏离其他行星的轨道。流星也会这样影响。)”可知，巨行星和流星的撞击都有可能扰乱行星的轨道。故选A。 48. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hugh Osborn, of the University of Bern, in Switzerland, says his team was “shocked and delighted” by the discovery. “My jaw was on the floor,” he says. “That was a really nice moment.” (瑞士伯尔尼大学的Hugh Osborn表示，他的团队对这一发现感到“震惊和欣喜”。“我的下巴掉在地板上了，”他说。“那是一个非常美好的时刻。”)”可知，Hugh Osborn和他的团队对这个发现感到震惊和欣喜，形容这一发现是一个非常美好的时刻，所以他们对于这一发现感觉惊讶和兴奋。故选B。 Passage 13 As in other countries, road safety is always a concern in America. Studies show that in 2022, 7,485 pedestrians (行人) were killed by vehicles in the U.S. That’s an increase of more than 65% since 2012. Even during COVID-19, when fewer people were driving, more pedestrians were hit and more died. Researchers found that drivers took advantage of empty streets and pay little attention to traffic rules. Another factor is the increasing popularity of SUVs, pickups (皮卡) and vans. These kinds of vehicles are up to three times more dangerous than smaller cars when hit pedestrians. The more fault drivers believe they could bear for the hitting, the more likely they are to leave without giving any help. Younger male drivers are more likely to run away. So are those who get drunken or lack a driving license. Other factors include the age of the victim, as children and elderly people are less likely to be left alone. Also, with more witnesses around, the drivers are less likely to hit and run. In the U.S. drivers run away from serious crashes with pedestrians about 20% of the time, and the rate is very different among different states. In 2020, 6,519 pedestrians were killed in the U.S. Speeding driving were a major cause. While Florida “wins” the least number of deaths caused by speeding. These following states were reported to have the most dangerous road accidents. Ten most dangerous states for pedestrians 49. What does the first paragraph tell us? A. Road security worries Americans. B. Pedestrian are on the rise over time. C. COVID-19 caused more road accidents. D. Vehicles have doubled since 2012. 50. Which kind of vehicles is the least dangerous in America? A. Cars. B. SUVs. C. Pickups. D. Vans. 51. What can we learn from the passage? A. Young drivers are more likely to be honest. B. Drunken driving is now allowed in America. C. Children and the old are well protected in the U.S. D. Drivers are more honest if witnessed by more people. 52. Which of the following states is the most suitable for tourists on foot? A. New Mexico. B. New York. C. Florida. D. South Carolina. 【答案】49. A 50. A 51. D 52. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了近年来，美国行人被撞死的案例逐步增加，并分析了众多原因，比较了各州发生交通事故的情况。 49. 细节理解题。根据第一段“As in other countries, road safety is always a concern in America. Studies show that in 2022, 7,485 pedestrians (行人) were killed by vehicles in the U.S. That’s an increase of more than 65% since 2012. Even during COVID-19, when fewer people were driving, more pedestrians were hit and more died. (和其他国家一样，美国的道路安全一直是人们关心的问题。研究表明，2022年，美国有7485名行人被汽车撞死，自2012年以来增长了65%以上。即使在2019冠状病毒病期间，当开车的人减少时，也有更多的行人被撞，更多人死亡)”可知，本段说明道路安全让美国人担忧，通过呈现研究结果表明道路安全问题的严峻情况。故选A项。 50. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Another factor is the increasing popularity of SUVs, pickups (皮卡) and vans. These kinds of vehicles are up to three times more dangerous than smaller cars when hit pedestrians. (另一个因素是SUV、皮卡和货车越来越受欢迎。这类车辆撞到行人时的危险性是小型汽车的三倍)”可知，小型汽车在美国的危险系数最低。故选A项。 51. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Also, with more witnesses around, the drivers are less likely to hit and run. (此外，有更多的目击者在周围，司机不太可能肇事逃逸)”可知，目击者越多，肇事司机越不可能肇事逃逸，即越老实。故选D项。 52. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“In 2020, 6,519 pedestrians were killed in the U.S. Speeding driving were a major cause. While Florida “wins” the least number of deaths caused by speeding. (2020年，美国有6519名行人死亡，超速驾驶是主要原因。而佛罗里达州是因超速驾驶死亡人数最少的州)”可知，佛罗里达州因超速驾驶而死亡的人数最少，因此是最适合徒步游客的地方。故选C项。 Passage 14 Sammie Vance knows it feels bad to be left out. So she has been helping kids who feel lonely make friends. Sammie is 14. When she was in the third grade, she started the Buddy Bench program. That was at her school, in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Anyone who felt lonely could sit on the “buddy bench.” It showed others that someone needed a friend. The bench brought kids together. “There was one little boy at school, younger than me,” Sammie told TIME for Kids. “He would see me in the hallway and give me a thumbs-up. That told me that what I was doing helped him.” It costs money to build benches. Sammie decided to make them out of recycled materials. This lowered the cost. And the benches were eco-friendly. Sammie gathered friends in her community. They collected 1,200 pounds of bottle caps. A company called Green Tree Plastics made three benches with the bottle caps. Sammie has helped communities all over the country set up buddy benches. And she is spreading kindness around the world. “We recently got a bench in Ghana, Africa,” she says. “That was cool.” Sammie reminds us that kids can help their community. Even small acts of kindness can be powerful. “You don’t have to be an adult to make a difference,” she says. Sammie wrote a book. It is called Inspire the World: A Kid’s Journey to Making a Difference. It tells the story of her buddy benches. Sammie hopes her example will inspire others. “I used to be really, really shy,” she says. Building buddy benches gave her confidence. “I’m definitely more outgoing now.” 53. When did Sammie start the Buddy Bench program? A. In the third grade. B. In the fourth grade. C. In the fifth grade. D. In the sixth grade. 54. What does Sammie do to help lonely kids? A. She helps them find a new hobby. B. She introduces them to her friends. C. She starts a program to help them make friends. D. She gives them a thumbs-up to make them happy. 55. How did Sammie lower the cost of making benches? A. She raised money herself. B. She cycled to find materials. C. She turned to her parents. D. She used recycled materials. 56. What does Sammie hope to do by writing a book? A. To inspire children to make differences. B. To raise more money for her journey. C. To build more benches for children. D. To remind children to act like adults. 【答案】53. A 54. C 55. D 56. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sammie Vance从夏令营中获得灵感，创立了Buddy Bench项目，帮助学校中孤单的人找到朋友，她请求自己的社区帮忙收集瓶盖作为长椅的材料，项目的消息传播出去后，很多不同地方的人都提供了帮助，最终很多学校和公园都得以有了这样的长椅，她的善意产生了影响。 53. 细节理解题。根据第二段“When she was in the third grade, she started the Buddy Bench program. (当她上三年级时，她开始了“伙伴长椅”项目。)”可知，Sammie在三年级时启动了“伙伴长椅计划”。故选A。 54. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Anyone who felt lonely could sit on the “buddy bench.” It showed others that someone needed a friend. (任何感到孤独的人都可以坐在“伙伴长椅”上。这向其他人表明，有人需要一个朋友。)”可知，Sammie通过“伙伴长椅计划”，让感到孤独的孩子坐在长椅上，提供他们一个表达自己需要朋友的机会。故选C。 55. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Sammie decided to make them out of recycled materials. This lowered the cost. And the benches were eco-friendly. (萨米决定用再生材料做它们。这降低了成本。而且这些长椅是环保的。)”可知，Sammie决定利用回收材料制作长椅，来降低成本。故选D。 56. 细节理解题。根据第七段“Sammie reminds us that kids can help their community. Even small acts of kindness can be powerful.“You don’t have to be an adult to make a difference,” she says. (Sammie提醒我们，孩子们可以帮助他们的社区。即使是小小的善举也可能是强大的。“你不需要成为一个成年人就可以有所作为，”她说。)”可知，Sammie希望激励孩子们通过一些善意的行动带来一些影响。故选A。 Passage 15 Los Angeles residents Joe Blackstone and Jamie Mohn have long recognized the lasting impact storytelling can have on a child’s life. Shortly after getting married, the couple began volunteering to read books to elementary school kids. Then, when they became parents themselves, they created the J3 Foundation to help organizations devoted to children’s growth. But after learning two-thirds of fourth graders who cannot read effectively end up on welfare, Blackstone and Mohn decided to take a more hands-on approach: in 2018, they launched J3’s Cozy Reading Club. Each session of the two-hour, after-school program is free and includes outdoor activities and a healthy snack. Then, it’s time for some comfortable reading. After teachers read a book aloud and the group talks about the storyline freely, the kids find a spot to sit while grabbing a book of their choice to look through. In the end, they get to choose two books to borrow and take home. In its first year, J3’s Cozy Reading Club served 15 students in one L. A. -area classroom. As of 2022, it had expanded to 17 schools across four different districts, impacting a total of at least 400 students, the vast majority of whom live in underserved communities. With impressive statistics backing it up 90% of the students have significantly improved their reading scores, and 95% say they’ve started reading for fun since taking part in the program——its founders have much to celebrate. “Having more than 5,000 culturally relevant books available to them is so exciting. I love it when our students can see themselves and their classmates’ lives reflected in the books they are reading. The hope of changing one kid at a time makes all the work worthwhile,” Blackstone said. Currently, J3 is in the process of raising $864,000, so the Cozy Reading Club can expand to an additional 24 Los Angeles schools and double its book collection to 10,000. This is worthwhile. The National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) reported that 68% of U. S. fourth graders weren’t skilled at reading in 2022, up from 66% in 2019. 57. What can be inferred about Blackstone and Mohn? A. They are children’s writers. B. They teach reading in a school. C. They value kids’ development. D. They’ve donated much to charities. 58. What can children do in J3’s Cozy Reading Club? A. Learn the history of books. B. Discuss a book’s plot. C. Cook and have snacks. D. Buy interesting books. 59. What are the statistics in Paragraph 3 about regarding J3’s Cozy Reading Club? A. Its great achievements. B. Its various services. C. Its long-term goals. D. Its current programs. 60. Why does the author mention NAEP in the last paragraph? A. To state reading is significant. B. To show J3 is a necessary cause. C. To assess J3’s potential abilities. D. To criticize America’s education. 【答案】57. C 58. B 59. A 60. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。洛杉矶居民乔·布莱克斯通和杰米·莫恩非常关注儿童阅读能力的培养。他们创办了J3’s Cozy Reading Club，免费为孩子们提供阅读机会，提高他们的阅读技能，并取得了成功。 57. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Los Angeles residents Joe Blackstone and Jamie Mohn have long recognized the lasting impact storytelling can have on a child’s life. Shortly after getting married, the couple began volunteering to read books to elementary school kids. Then, when they became parents themselves, they created the J3 Foundation to help organizations devoted to children’s growth. (洛杉矶居民乔·布莱克斯通和杰米·莫恩早就认识到讲故事对孩子生活的持久影响。结婚后不久，这对夫妇就开始志愿为小学生读书。然后，当他们自己成为父母时，他们创建了J3基金会，以帮助致力于儿童成长的组织。)”可知，他们对孩子的成长非常重视。故选C。 58. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After teachers read a book aloud and the group talks about the storyline freely, the kids find a spot to sit while grabbing a book of their choice to look through. (在老师大声朗读一本书，小组自由地讨论故事情节后，孩子们找一个地方坐下，拿起一本他们选择的书来翻阅。)”可知，在J3的舒适读书俱乐部，孩子们可以自由地讨论某本书的故事情节。故选B。 59. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In its first year, J3’s Cozy Reading Club served 15 students in one L. A.-area classroom. As of 2022, it had expanded to 17 schools across four different districts, impacting a total of at least 400 students, the vast majority of whom live in underserved communities. With impressive statistics backing it up 90% of the students have significantly improved their reading scores, and 95% say they’ve started reading for fun since taking part in the program——its founders have much to celebrate.(在第一年，J3的舒适阅读俱乐部在洛杉矶地区的一个教室里为15名学生提供服务。截至2022年，该项目已扩展到四个不同地区的17所学校，影响了至少400名学生，其中绝大多数生活在服务不足的社区。令人印象深刻的统计数据表明，90%的学生的阅读成绩有了显著提高，95%的学生表示，自从参加了这个项目以来，他们开始以阅读为乐趣——该项目的创始人有很多值得庆祝的地方。)”可知，这些数据表明了这个阅读俱乐部所取得的成绩。故选A。 60. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Currently, J3 is in the process of raising $864,000, so the Cozy Reading Club can expand to an additional 24 Los Angeles schools and double its book collection to 10,000. This is worthwhile. The National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) reported that 68% of U. S. fourth graders weren’t skilled at reading in 2022, up from 66% in 2019. (目前，J3正在筹集86.4万美元，这样舒适阅读俱乐部就可以再扩展到洛杉矶的24所学校，并将藏书增加一倍，达到1万本。这是值得的。国家教育进步评估(NAEP)报告称，到2022年，68%的美国四年级学生不擅长阅读，高于2019年的66%。)”可知，作者提到 NAEP 的目的是想说明J3的舒适读书俱乐部所做的事情是非常必要的。故选B。 Passage 16 There are some 7,000 languages spoken worldwide, each unique, using different sounds, vocabularies and structures. Charles the Great said: “To have a second language is to have a second soul.” This begs the question: Does the language we speak shape who we are? As it turns out, yes. In societies such as the United States or Western Europe, self-expression and language precision are valued. Asian cultures, on the other hand, prefer an indirect form of communication. Words like “perhaps” and “maybe” are used more than “yes” or “no”. Americanism takes an informal approach to communication. Therefore, it’s OK to refer to a stranger or the boss as “you”. However, the Thai language has 12 forms of the same pronoun, choosing one depends on status. In this way, languages are essential in leading any culture, be that our own or otherwise. People who speak different languages notice different things, depending on the constructs of their mother tongue. Take an accident. In English, it’s OK to say: “She broke the glass.” But in a language like Spanish, you’d probably go with: “The glass broke.” The same incident produces two different responses. English speakers will remember who’s at fault, because their language asks them to, while Spanish speakers are more likely to remember it was an accident. This has real consequences, especially when it comes to crime and punishment. Professor Jim Cummins has written extensively on mother tongues. For Cummins, the stronger our home language, the easier it is for us to learn others. Of course, research also shows that being bilingual gives people many advantages in life. Linguist Julien Leyre writes that learning another language develops our ability to “understand the mental world of another person, based on the language they use, and how that world is different from our own.” Our mother tongue is central to how we think, what we know and who we are. Like us, languages are living things that change over time and must be cared for to survive. By doing so, we protect not just the linguistic structures or vocabularies we use, but the culture, knowledge and power behind them. 61. Why does the author mention “Americanism” and “the Thai language” in Paragraph 2? A. To tell the cultural differences between them. B. To indicate a language is a guide to a culture. C. To stress American expressions are informal. D. To reveal a language is associated with status. 62. How will English speakers’ react to an accident? A. They will seek blame. B. They will punish others. C. They will avoid responsibility. D. They will draw a lesson from it. 63. What does Julien Leyre think about bilinguals? A. They enjoy a more colorful life. B. They can remain mentally healthy. C. They find it easier to learn a language. D. They can gain insight into others’ minds. 64. Which one can be the best title for the text? A. How do languages differ? B. Will your language be extinct? C. Why does our mother tongue matter? D. Should we speak a second language? 【答案】61. B 62. A 63. D 64. C 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了我们的母语是很重要的原因。 61. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Americanism takes an informal approach to communication. Therefore, it’s OK to refer to a stranger or the boss as “you”. However, the Thai language has 12 forms of the same pronoun, choosing one depends on status. In this way, languages are essential in leading any culture, be that our own or otherwise.(美国主义采取非正式的方式进行交流。因此，称呼陌生人或老板为“你”是可以的。然而，泰语有12种形式的同一个代词，要根据地位来选择一个。这样，语言在领导任何文化中都是必不可少的，不管是我们自己的文化还是其他的文化。)”可推知，作者在第二段提到“美国主义”和“泰语”是为了表明语言领导文化。故选B。 62. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“In English, it’s OK to say: “She broke the glass.” But in a language like Spanish, you’d probably go with: “The glass broke.” The same incident produces two different responses. English speakers will remember who’s at fault, because their language asks them to, while Spanish speakers are more likely to remember it was an accident. (在英语中，可以说: “她打破了玻璃。”但在西班牙语这样的语言中，你可能会说: “玻璃碎了。”同样的事件会产生两种不同的反应。说英语的人会记住谁错了，因为他们的语言要求他们这样做，而说西班牙语的人更可能记住这是一个意外。)”可知，说英语的人对意外事件会追究责任，故选A。 63. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Linguist Julien Leyre writes that learning another language develops our ability to “understand the mental world of another person, based on the language they use, and how that world is different from our own.”(语言学家 Julien Leyre 写道，学习另一种语言可以发展我们“理解他人精神世界的能力，这是基于他们使用的语言，以及理解那个语言的世界与我们自己的世界是如何不同。”)”可知，Julien Leyre认为双语者可以理解他人的精神世界，由此可推知，Julien Leyre认为双语者可以洞察别人的思想。故选D。 64. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“This begs the question: Does the language we speak shape who we are? As it turns out, yes.(这就引出了一个问题: 我们所说的语言是否决定了我们是谁？事实证明，是的。)”，第二段中“In this way, languages are essential in leading any culture, be that our own or otherwise.(这样，语言在领导任何文化中都是必不可少的，不管是我们自己的文化还是其他的文化。)”，第三段中“People who speak different languages notice different things, depending on the constructs of their mother tongue.(说不同语言的人会注意到不同的事情，这取决于他们母语的结构。)”，倒数第二段中“ For Cummins, the stronger our home language, the easier it is for us to learn others.(对康明斯来说，我们的母语越强，我们学习其他语言就越容易。)”，以及最后一段中“Our mother tongue is central to how we think, what we know and who we are. (我们的母语是我们如何思考，我们知道什么和我们是谁的中心。)”可知，文章开头提出了我们的母语是重要的，接着对此进行了解释，C项“ 为什么我们的母语很重要？”适合做文章标题，故选C。 Passage 17 A few years ago, I realized that I had a fear of heights. Sometimes I would feel uncomfortable if I looked down from somewhere high and the higher I got, the worse I felt. However, there were some things that made me nervous when I looked up at them — such as drop towers(急速下降塔). About a month ago, my family and I went on a trip to Marineland — an amusement park with a sea animal theme. One of Marineland’s attractions is a huge drop tower called the “Sky Screamer”. My dad wanted to ride it, and he wanted to take me with him. He kept encouraging me, and I finally gave in, because I was desired to face my fears. Going up was terrible. I got stomachaches from just looking at the tower. When we reached the tower, we lined up and got seated on the ride. When it reached a few feet off the ground, it stopped for a moment, before sending us straight to the top at great speed. I squeezed my eyes shut and I held the handlebar (把手) as tightly as I could during the whole ride. A few seconds later my heart was in my mouth and I was screaming my lungs out. At the top, I opened my eyes and looked forward, not down. I tried to prepare myself for the way down, but it didn’t really help. There I was, with my eyes squeezed (紧紧地) shut, holding the handlebar and again, screaming at the top of my voice. In fact, it was even worse than going up! But when I got to the bottom, I felt relieved. I thanked my dad for forcing me to go on the ride, and I was pleased I had overcome my fears. So, was the “Sky Screamer” scary? Well, maybe just a little bit. 65. Which of the following wasn’t the writer afraid of? A. Riding a lift to a higher place. B. Looking down from a height. C. Looking up at drop towers. D. Going to a wonderful park. 66. What made the writer finally decide to ride the “Sky Screamer”? A. Her father’s encouraging words. B. Her interest in the ride. C. Her desire to face her fears. D. Her father’s nagging. 67. What did the writer do during the ride? A. She kept looking down. B. She kept holding the handlebar. C. She was too frightened to scream. D. She squeezed her father’s hand tightly. 68. What can we learn from the passage? A. The writer volunteered to take the ride. B. The writer’s father forced her to ride with him. C. The ride was less scary on the way up. D. The ride offered the writer a chance to face and overcome her fears. 69. What is the passage mainly about? A. A trip to Marineland. B. Facing a fear. C. A ride to the top of the “Sky Screamer”. D. A joyful ride on the “Sky Screamer”. 【答案】65. D 66. C 67. B 68. D 69. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了有恐高症的作者在一次去游乐园时，为了直面自己的恐惧，乘坐了跳楼机，最后作者勇敢地战胜了自己的恐惧。 65. 细节理解题。根据第一段“A few years ago, I realized that I had a fear of heights. Sometimes I would feel uncomfortable if I looked down from somewhere high and the higher I got, the worse I felt. However, there were some things that made me nervous when I looked up at them — such as drop towers (急速下降塔).(几年前，我意识到我有恐高症。有时候，如果我从高处往下看，我会觉得很不舒服，越高感觉就越糟。然而，当我抬头看它们的时候，有一些东西让我感到紧张——比如急速下降塔。)”可知，作者有恐高症，害怕的内容主要和高度相关，其中不包括去游乐园。故选D。 66. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“He kept encouraging me, and I finally gave in, because I was desired to face my fears.(他不停地鼓励我，我终于屈服了，因为我想面对我的恐惧。)”可知，作者最终决定乘坐跳楼机是因为渴望面对她的恐惧。故选C。 67. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“I squeezed my eyes shut and I held the handlebar (把手) as tightly as I could during the whole ride.(我紧紧地闭上眼睛，全程紧紧地握住把手)”和第四段中“There I was, with my eyes squeezed (紧紧地) shut, holding the handlebar and again, screaming at the top of my voice.(我就在那儿，紧闭双眼，抓住把手，一次又一次地扯着嗓子尖叫。)”可知，作者在上升和下降的全程都一直握着把手。故选B。 68. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“I thanked my dad for forcing me to go on the ride, and I was pleased I had overcome my fears.(我感谢爸爸强迫我坐过山车，我很高兴自己克服了恐惧。)”可知，这次乘坐跳楼机的体验给了作者一个面对和克服恐惧的机会。故选D。 69. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了有恐高症的作者在一次去游乐园时，为了直面自己的恐惧，乘坐了跳楼机，最后作者勇敢地战胜了自己的恐惧。由此可知，文章主要围绕的是面对恐惧。故选B。 Passage 18 Cities are difficult to navigate(导航) at the best of times, but for people with disabilities they can be like courses with hurdles and bring inconvenience to disabled people. A UK national travel survey found that adults with mobility difficulties took 39% fewer trips than those with no disability in 2017. Yet that could change as devices and cities grow smarter. Assistive tech is playing a big role in the transformation. The global value of the industry is expected to increase from $14 billion in 2015 to $30.8 billion in 2024, according to Zion Market Research. One of the things that could transform lives is a smart walking stick designed by engineers from Young Guru Academy (YGA) in Turkey. The WeWalk stick has a sensor that detects hurdles above chest level and uses vibrations (振动) to warn the user. It can be paired with a smartphone to help navigation, and is connected with a voice assistant and Google Maps. Ceylan, who has been blind since birth, says that connecting the stick to the Internet of Things and smart city solutions makes it user-friendly. “As a blind person, when I am at the Metro station I don’t know which is my exit ... I don’t know which bus is approaching ... which stores are around me. That kind of information can be provided with the WeWalk,” he says. “The smart walking stick is really an exciting initiative that will make a huge difference to some people,” says Anna Lawson, the director of the Center for Disability Studies at Leeds University in the United Kingdom. “But they are very expensive ... they’re not going to be available to the vast majority of disabled people,” she added. Bryan Matthews, a lecturer at the Institute for Transport Studies at the University of Leeds, shares the concerns about cost. He says there should also be a focus on inclusive design, and anything that helps people navigate their environment is positive. 70. What does “that” in the second paragraph refer to? A. The survey that compared adults’ mobility. B. The smart industry that is booming. C. The fact that the disabled traveled less. D. The role that the assistive tech plays. 71. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The working principles of the WeWalk stick. B. The introduction of the WeWalk stick inventors. C. The transformation caused by the WeWalk stick. D. The benefits brought about by the WeWalk stick. 72. What’s the purpose of quoting Ceylan? A. To show the value of smart tech. B. To urge more attention to the blind. C. To increase the potential market share. D. To encourage tech research and development. 73. What is the disadvantage of the WeWalk stick? A. Confusing instructions. B. Poor navigation. C. Inclusive designs. D. High prices. 【答案】70. C 71. A 72. A 73. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述残疾人比正常人旅游次数少这一现象，并指出如果设备和城市变得更加智能，这一现象将改变。并展示了智能手杖这一设备。 70. 词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“A UK national travel survey found that adults with mobility difficulties took 39% fewer trips than those with no disability in 2017. Yet that could change as devices and cities grow smarter. (英国一项全国旅行调查发现，2017年，行动不便的成年人比没有残疾的成年人旅游次数少了39%。然而，随着设备和城市变得更加智能，这种情况可能会改变。)”可知，划线词为指示代词that，通常指代前文的人或物，可推测在本句子指代前文提到的这一事实：行动不便的成年人更少去旅游这一社会现象。故选C项。 71. 主旨大意题。根据第三段二三句“The WeWalk stick has a sensor that detects hurdles above chest level and uses vibrations (振动) to warn the user. It can be paired with a smartphone to help navigation, and is connected with a voice assistant and Google Maps. (WeWalk手杖有一个传感器，可以检测胸部以上的障碍物，并使用振动来警告用户。它可以与智能手机配对以帮助导航，并与语音助手和谷歌地图连接。)”可知，本段主要介绍了这种手杖的工作原理。故选A项。 72. 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Ceylan, who has been blind since birth, says that connecting the stick to the Internet of Things and smart city solutions makes it user-friendly. (Ceylan自出生以来就一直失明，他表示，将手杖连接到物联网和智能城市解决方案，使其易于使用。)”可知，Ceylan认为对他这样的盲人而言，这种手杖起到了作用，本段引用他说的话““As a blind person, when I am at the Metro station I don’t know which is my exit ... I don’t know which bus is approaching ... which stores are around me. That kind of information can be provided with the WeWalk,” he says.(“作为一个盲人，当我在地铁站时，我不知道哪个是我的出口……我不知道哪辆公共汽车来了。我周围有哪些商店?这类信息可以通过WeWalk提供。”)”也是进一步解释他在段首提出的智能手杖有价值这一观点。故选A项。 73. 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句““But they are very expensive ... they’re not going to be available to the vast majority of disabled people,” she added. (她补充道：“但它们非常昂贵…绝大多数残疾人都负担不起。”)”可知，这位专家的话语表明这种手杖的劣势是价格太贵。故选D项。 Passage 19 Camp Kinneret Located in the rolling hills of Agoura, California, Camp Kinneret provides children aged 4-14 with a classic, outdoor day camp experience. Working at camp is an opportunity to be part of an intentional, growth-oriented community as a role model and leader of your campers. Most staff will ride the bus to camp each day with their campers from various Conejo and San Fernando Valley cities. Summer camp jobs include: • Day Camp Staff assigned to a specific group for the duration of the summer participating in all activities throughout the day. • Swim Instructors working in a team of 4-6 to ensure the safety of campers of all ages and abilities at the pool. • Activity Instructors leading campers at activity areas that include horse riding, animal care, nature ecology, wilderness play, farming & gardening, performing arts and more! • Resident Camp Staff spending each week guiding kids through a variety of on-site and off-site adventure-based activities including backpacking, mountain biking, climbing and more! Camp Kinneret allows you to gain a summer’s worth of leadership development that you won’t find elsewhere! Salaries are based on position and previous experience. The range for a first-year staff member is $5, 100-$7, 000 for a 10-week summer. Applicants must be college-aged or older, have summer housing available in the Greater Los Angeles Area and be able to make a commitment from Jun. 6th to Aug. 6th, 2022 (Mon. -Fri. , 8:30 am-4:30 pm). If you are passionate about personal growth and development (for yourself and for others), fill out the online application and select a group interview to attend virtually or in person. 74. Who will be responsible for weekly adventure-based activities? A. Day Camp Staff. B. Swim Instructors. C. Activity Instructors. D. Resident Camp Staff. 75. Which of the following is a requirement for the applicants? A. They must be college students. B. They must have enough camp experience. C. They must work for two months at camp. D. They must have jobs in the Los Angeles area. 76. What type of writing is this text? A. A tourist guide. B. A campaign poster. C. A notice of job openings. D. A survey on camp marketing. 【答案】74. D 75. C 76. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。是关于夏令营工作人员招聘的一则通知。 74. 细节理解题。根据第一段第四小点“Resident Camp Staff spending each week guiding kids through a variety of on-site and off-site adventure-based activities including backpacking, mountain biking, climbing and more! (驻地营地工作人员每周都会指导孩子们进行各种现场和非现场探险活动，包括背包旅行、山地自行车、登山等！)”可知，负责每周的探险活动的是驻地营地员工。故选D项。 75. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Applicants must be college-aged or older, have summer housing available in the Greater Los Angeles Area and be able to make a commitment from Jun. 6th to Aug. 6th, 2022 (Mon. -Fri. , 8:30 am-4:30 pm). (申请人必须到了读大学的年纪，甚至更大，在大洛杉矶地区拥有夏季住房，并且能够承诺在2022年6月6日至8月6日(周一至周五，上午8:30至下午4:30)期间能工作。)”可知，申请的人必须能够在营地工作两个月。故选C项。 76. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“If you are passionate about personal growth and development (for yourself and for others), fill out the online application and select a group interview to attend virtually or in person. (如果你热衷于个人成长和发展(为自己和他人)，请填写在线申请表，并选择一个小组面试，以参加虚拟面试或亲自面试。)”可知，本文是关于职务空缺的通知告示。故选C项。 Passage 20 What exactly is technology? There aren't any easy answers. Despite the fact that technology has re-mained one of the most controversial areas of modern science, especially when linked to human life or so-cial morals, much progress has been made in recent years, which has made the experts and common peo-ple think again. Technology is the application of knowledge to production. Thanks to modern technology, we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force. New machines and new methods have helped cut down time and expense while increasing overall output. This has meant more production and a higher standard of living. For most of the ordinary people, modern technology is thought of as the reason why we can have cars, television sets, cell phones, robots and so on. However, technology has also increased the a-mount of food available to us, by means of modern farming machinery and animal breeding techniques, and has extended our life span through medical technology. Will mankind continue to live longer and have a higher quality of life? In large measure the answer depends on technology and our ability to use it widely. If we keep making progress as we have over the past fifty years, the answer may be yes. The advancement of technology depends upon research and devel-opment, and the latest statistics show that developed countries are continuing to pump billions of dollars every year into such efforts. So while we are running out of some scarce (稀少的) resources we may well find technological substitutes for many of them through our research programs. Therefore, in the final analysis the three major factors of production(land, labor and capital)are all influenced by technology. When we need new skills or techniques in medicine, people will start developing new technology to meet those needs. As equipment proves to be slow or inefficient, new machines will be invented. Technology responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living. 77. Which of the following statements best summarizes the author's main points？ A. Science is the most important part of modern technology. B. Technology has nothing to do with the major factors of production. C. Modern technology is the key to the improvement of standard of living. D. Technology leads to more needs in production and human life. 78. What's the author's attitude toward modern technology？ A. Favorable. B. Indifferent. C. Negative. D. Doubtful. 79. What could be inferred from Paragraph 3？ A. Technology has increased the amount of food. B. Technology can definitely make people live long. C. Technology can soon create non-renewable resources. D. Technology progress depends on more expenses and efforts. 80. Where is this article probably from？ A. A report to the government. B. A school textbook. C. Latest news in a newspaper. D. A scientific magazine. 【答案】77. C 78. A 79. D 80. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普类说明文。主要讲述了现代科技的发展及其重要性，以及现代技术可以满足人类生产生活中的许多需求。 77. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thanks to modern technology，we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force”(由于现代技术，我们能够大大提高劳动力的效率)，以及最后一段“Technology responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living”(技术满足我们的需求，帮助我们维持我们的生活水平)可知，此处表示现代科技是提高我们生活水平的关键。故选C项。 78. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Technology is the application of knowledge to production.Thanks to modern technology, we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force”(技术是知识在生产中的应用。由于现代技术，我们能够大大提高劳动力的效率)，第三段“Will mankind continue to live longer and have a higher quality of life?In large measure the answer depends on technology and our ability to use it widely”(人类会继续活得更长、生活质量更高吗？答案在很大程度上取决于技术和我们广泛使用它的能力)，以及最后一段“Technology responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living”(技术满足我们的需求，帮助我们维持我们的生活水平)可知，作者描述的都是技术给我们带来的好处，所以，作者对于现代技术的态度是赞同的。故选A项。 79. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“If we keep making progress as we have over the past fifty years，the answer may be yes”(如果我们像过去50年那样不断取得进步，答案可能是肯定的)，以及“and the latest statistics show that developed countries are continuing to pump billions of dollars every year into such efforts”(最新的统计数据表明，发达国家正在继续发展每年都有数十亿美元投入到这些努力中)可知，此处表示技术的进步取决于人们的努力和费用。故选D项。 80. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“What exactly is technology？”(技术到底是什么)，第二段“Technology is the application of knowledge to production. Thanks to modern technology, we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force”(技术是知识在生产中的应用。由于现代技术，我们能够大大提高劳动力的效率)，以及全文大意可知，本文主要讲述的是关于科技方面的问题。所以文章来源于科学杂志。故选D项。 Passage 21 Tokyo University laboratory has developed a robot that never loses at the game of Rock Paper Scissors. That is because its visual processing abilities and fingers work together faster than any human brain. A video of the robot has been watched by more than 3 million viewers on YouTube since going online at the end of June. Tokyo University engineering professor Masatoshi Ishikawa has a good-natured response to frustrated human losers who accuse him of essentially creating a robot that cheats. “It is not cheating. Every one millisecond (千分之一秒) the image processor decides and recognizes the shape the human hand is going to make. And then the robot can make a winnable shape one millisecond later than a human being. Only one millisecond, but a human cannot see this difference because the human eye is very slow,” explained Ishikawa. At the Ishikawa Oku Laboratory there has been amazing progress which shows the near perfect accuracy of robotics, such as a robot that can catch a falling egg without breaking it, another one that can tie a knot, and a robot that may not be quite ready for the NBA, but is able to dribble (运球) a ball. In sports such as baseball and cricket, the misses outnumber (比......多) successes for even the most skilled athletes. That is not so in this award-winning school laboratory. For instance, an intelligent robot is the result of five years of research and a lot of trial and error. And the cost of just one finger on the robot is equal to that of a mini car. The technology obviously has uses beyond fun and games. Corporations are eager to take advantage of the lab’s technology for industrial and other practical uses. And there is talk of applying it to assisting disabled people and improving human capabilities. 81. What brings the robot so much attention on the YouTube? A. It plays online games much better than any human. B. Its eyes and fingers can work at the same time. C. It can do whatever people tell it to do. D. It never loses in the game against humans. 82. Ishikawa’s explanation suggests that the robot ________. A. proves to be dishonest B. responds faster than humans C. works slower sometimes D. is lucky to win the game 83. The author proves that a robot is skillful and accurate through ________. A. performing an experiment B. telling an interesting story C. offering some practical examples D. ordering it to do something hard 84. Which section of a website is the text probably taken from? A. Science and technology. B. Human and society. C. Sports and games. D. Relaxation and entertainment. 【答案】81. D 82. B 83. C 84. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是日本的机器人技术。 81. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Tokyo University laboratory has developed a robot that never loses at the game of Rock Paper Scissors.(东京大学的一个实验室研发出了一款在石头剪刀布游戏中永不输的机器人。)”可知，让这个机器人在YouTube上获得如此多的关注的是它在与人类的比赛中从不输，故选D。 82. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Every one millisecond (千分之一秒) the image processor decides and recognizes the shape the human hand is going to make. And then the robot can make a winnable shape one millisecond later than a human being. Only one millisecond, but a human cannot see this difference because the human eye is very slow(每一毫秒，图像处理器就会决定并识别人手将要做出的形状。这样机器人就能比人类晚一毫秒做出一个可赢的形状。只有一毫秒，但人类无法看到这种差异，因为人类的眼睛非常慢)”可知，石川的解释表明，机器人的反应速度比人类快，故选B。 83. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“At the Ishikawa Oku Laboratory there has been amazing progress which shows the near perfect accuracy of robotics, such as a robot that can catch a falling egg without breaking it, another one that can tie a knot, and a robot that may not be quite ready for the NBA, but is able to dribble a ball.(Ishikawa总裁实验室取得了惊人的进展，显示了近乎完美的机器人技术的准确性，比如一个机器人，可以接下落的鸡蛋不打破它，另一个可以打个结，和一个机器人，可能还没准备好打NBA，但能够运球。)”可知，作者通过提供一些实际的例子来证明了机器人的技术和准确性，故选C。 84. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Tokyo University laboratory has developed a robot that never loses at the game of Rock Paper Scissors.(东京大学的一个实验室研发出了一款在石头剪刀布游戏中永不输的机器人。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是日本的机器人技术，因此文章可能来自网站的科技部分，故选A。 Passage 22 Hell comes to Pearl Harbor It was Sunday, December 7,1941. As usual, the wake­up call came at 5:45 a.m. The men aboard the warship USS Arizona stretched and rubbed their eyes. Seaman Russell Warriner was awakened by Quartermaster Louis Conter. Russell made his bed and helped clean the huge, shared room. The men went to the washroom, dressed in their uniforms and sat down to breakfast. It looked like it would be a normal day on board the ship. But nobody ate their breakfast: at that moment, there was a huge crashing sound from above. The ship shook violently and the men looked at each other in horror. Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles. They were diving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor. The scream of their engines was deafening. As bombs thundered all around, clouds of black smoke rose into the sky and hung over the sea. Russell felt his blood freeze, but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck. Moments later, a bomb hit the USS Arizona and Russell was thrown more than 100 meters across the ship. He suffered serious burns on his hands, arms and legs, and watched many of his friends die. Louis, meanwhile, also standing on the deck, was lucky not to be thrown into the sea. With only minor injuries, he was able to help others who were severely burnt and in terrible pain. After receiving the order to abandon ship, Louis saved more men from the water, dragging them into the lifeboat. In the chaos and confusion after the attack, the US Navy sent a message to his family that Louis had been killed in the attack. Luckily, he was able to get in touch with them before the message arrived. Despite his remarkable actions, Louis did not think that he was a hero. “The heroes are the ones that gave their lives that day,” he said. Russell was saved from the water, but he was badly burnt, bleeding heavily. Fortunately, he was taken to hospital and survived. For many years, Russell refused to talk about what happened that morning, describing it simply as “hell”. His wife Elsa said, “When he opened up later on, he always mentioned the horror of it.” Louis and Russell would never forget the terrible scene of the attack, but they were fortunate enough to be among the few survivors from the Arizona. Nobody had expected the bombing. Japan had hatched a plot to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, so the attack began without warning and without declaring war on the United States. The attack destroyed nearly 20 American ships and over 180 airplanes. In total, more than 2,000 American people were killed and over 1,000 others were wounded that day. More than 1,000 people aboard the Arizona lost their lives. Out of 37 sets of brothers, Russell and his brother were the only full pair to survive the attack. The surprise attack came as a great shock to the whole nation. The next day, President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech, in which he described December 7 as “a date which will live in infamy” and asked that the US Congress declare war on Japan. In response to the attack and the president’s address, the United States joined the Second World War. Today, the USS Arizona lies where it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Its location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge, which crosses the ship’s sunken remains . Each year, more than two million people visit the memorial. They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor, to learn about the attack, to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace. Although about eight decades has passed, the attack on Pearl Harbor, one of the darkest episodes in American history, will never be forgotten. 85. When did Japanese planes attack Pearl Harbor? A. In the morning. B. At noon. C. In the afternoon. D. At midnight. 86. What can we know about Russell and Louis from the passage? A. Russell lost his hands, arms and legs in the attack. B. Russell was seriously burned in the attack. C. Louis’s family were sad to hear that he was killed. D. Louis was proud of his remarkable actions. 87. Which of the following words can best describe Louis? A. Kind and skilled. B. Helpful and clever. C. Brave and clever. D. Brave and modest. 88. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to Paragraph 5? A. Many American ships and airplanes were destroyed in the attack. B. More than 1,000 people aboard the Arizona were killed. C. 2,000 Americans were killed and 1,000 others were wounded in the war. D. Both Russell and his brother survived the attack. 【答案】85. A 86. B 87. D 88. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了珍珠港事件及事件中路易斯的英勇事迹。 85. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It was Sunday, December 7,1941. As usual， the wake­up call came at 5：45 a. m. (那是1941年12月7日星期日。和往常一样，早上5点45分响起了叫醒电话)”和第二段“But nobody ate their breakfast: at that moment, there was a huge crashing sound from above.The ship shook violently and the men looked at each other in horror. Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles. They were diving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor.(但是没有人吃早餐：就在那一刻，从上面传来巨大的撞击声。船剧烈地摇晃着，人们惊恐地看着对方。数百架日本飞机在他们头顶上像鹰一样盘旋。他们潜入珍珠港投弹) ”可知，日本飞机是在早晨袭击珍珠港的。故选A项。 86. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Russell was saved from the water, but he was badly burnt, bleeding heavily.(罗素被从水中救了出来，但他被严重烧伤，血流不止)”可知，罗素在袭击中被严重烧伤。故选B项。 87. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“With only minor injuries, he was able to help others who were severely burnt and in terrible pain. After receiving the order to abandon ship, Louis saved more men from the water, dragging them into the lifeboat.(他只受了轻伤，却能帮助那些严重烧伤、疼痛难忍的人。 在接到弃船的命令后，路易斯从水里救了更多的人，把他们拖进救生艇。)”可推测出，路易斯是勇敢的。再根据第三段“Despite his remarkable actions, Louis did not think that he was a hero. “The heroes are the ones that gave their lives that day,” he said.(尽管他的行为非同寻常，但路易并不认为自己是英雄。英雄是那些在那天献出生命的人，他说。)”可推测出，路易斯又是谦虚的。所以路易斯是勇敢的和谦虚地。故选D项。 88. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“In total, more than 2,000 American people were killed and over 1,000 others were wounded that day.(当天共有2000多名美国人死亡，1000多人受伤。)”可知，C项“2000名美国人在战争中丧生，另有1000人受伤。”说的不是当天的伤亡情况，所以C项不正确。故选C项。 Passage 23 A clever technologist took steamboat inventions and turned them into the first commercial steamboat service. Although Robert Fulton did not invent the steamboat, as is commonly believed, he played an important role in making steamboat travel a reality. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1765. As a young man, he set out to make his name as a portrait painter. His career took him to Europe and into the orbit of people with the power to support him politically and financially. Fulton entered London society after he painted Benjamin Franklin’s portrait. While abroad, Fulton left the arts for a career in shipbuilding. He was interested in the recently-invented steam engine, and thought it could be used to power ships. Fulton’s vision was not original; many others had entered the field, and the unfortunate inventor John Fitch had built a working steamship already. But like Henry Ford, Fulton’s talent lay not in the invention but in the product’s application in the marketplace. Fulton didn’t focus entirely on the steamboat. In 1804, he tested the first submarine successfully, which he had built for the British Royal Navy. His invention would make him a celebrity upon his return to the United States two years later. Fulton’s partner Robert Livingston obtained an exclusive license for steamboat services on New York’s Hudson River. It was time for Fulton to deliver. To build an efficient, reliable steamboat, Fulton used a special English steam engine. The ship’s bottom was flat and its stern was square. The steamboat Clermont made its debut(首次亮相)on August 17, 1807, steaming up the river from New York$$ 专题17 阅读理解 目录 明晰学考要求 基础知识梳理 考点精讲讲练 考点一　细节理解题 3 考点二 词义猜测题 考点三　推理判断题 3 考点四 主旨大意题 实战能力训练 一 细节理解题 细节理解题的共同特点是答案一般都能在文章中找到，当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，命题人往往需要根据文章提供的信息重新组织语句供考生做出选择。如何解题？ 关于简单细节判断：首先，题干定位关键词—扫描题干，根据关键词明确答题方向，如数字、时间、原因、事件、目的、方式、现象、特征等；然后，查找原文找对应，用略读与查读技巧定位与关键词相关的原文信息；最后，比较选项与原文的对应信息，直接锁定正确答案。 关于综合细节判断(需要对原文多处相关信息进行转换或整合)：首先，读题干，明确关键词和答题方向；然后，定位与题干关键词相关的近义词、反义词或解释性信息；最后，利用正确选项特点(近义词替换原文信息、变换原文语态、词性或词形、简化或概括原文、正话反说等)，确定答案。 二 词义猜测题 对于推测划线单词或短语的含义，可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题； 对于推测代词含义，可以从宏观上充分把握代词指代内容涉及段落的整体含义，并从微观入手抓住关键词或关键句，弄清逻辑关系(因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等)来解题； 关于推测划线句含义，采用三步法—一定位，返回原文，定位划线句子，理清句子结构；二分析，分析划线句子前后语境，根据关键信息和逻辑关系(因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等)合理推断句意；三比较，比较选项，找出与推断出的句义相似的选项。 三 推理判断题 1. 推断隐含意义，题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语，根据题干内容，在文中找到定位词或句，理解信息句的字面意思，结合已有常识，进行符合情理的推断。 2. 推断作者的观点和态度，要注意作者或文中人物的措辞及表达情感、态度或观点的词语、句子，明确是问谁对什么事的态度，明确是作者或文中人物的观点而非主观臆断。 3. 推断写作意图，要通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。 4. 推断文章出处或读者对象，需要根据文章体裁、题材、内容、措辞判断，这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处。 四 主旨大意题 标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能涵盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。 主旨大意题，要搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 考点一 细节理解题 Here is a text about four books of staying happy and healthy in the magazine. You Can Do Itby Marcus Rashford (Published by Macmillan Children’s) Footballer and activist Marcus Rashford is back with his book You Can Do It. Find the power in your voice, be kind to yourself and others. This inspiring book will give you lots of ideas. Happy from Head to Toe (脚趾) by Fearne Cotton (Published by Puffin Books) From the tips of your toes to the top of your head, discover the many ways in which your mind and body are connected. This book includes some advice to help you understand your body, stay calm and find joy every day. A Better Dayby Dr Alex George (Published by Wren & Rook) Learn about mental health and how you can take care of your mind as well as your body. It’s full of useful tools and techniques for young people. Art for the Heartby Xavier Leopold (Published by Welbeck Kids) Art can be a great way to find calmness and confidence, explore your feelings and improve your health and happiness. This interesting art journal encourages you to express your emotions and brighten your day. 1. Who is the writer of You Can Do It? A. Marcus Rashford. B. Fearne Cotton. C. Dr Alex George. D. Xavier Leopold. 2. Happy from Head to Toe was published by __________. A. Macmillan Children’s B. Puffin Books C. Wren & Rook D. Welbeck Kids 考点二 词义猜测题 Shen Minggang patrols(巡逻) forests in the Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture(自治州) in Hubei Province. Nearly every day for the past six years, Shen Minggang has patrolled forests in Qishuya Village of Yezhou Township in Jianshi County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hubei Province. Walking an average of 2,800 kilometers a year in areas near the village, the 53-year-old forest ranger is responsible for the management and protection of forest resources, publicizing forest laws and regulations and forest fire prevention. Covering a vast area, the village is divided into 14 groups, with mountains separated by a river, so every time Shen goes on patrol, he has to take a boat across the water. He usually set out for the forest before 8:00 a. m. and returns at about 8:00 p. m., carrying some food and water for lunch. There are more than 2,000 forest rangers like Shen in the county who make significant contributions to local ecological(生态的) protection. Currently, the county has a total forest area of more than 200,000 hectares and a forest coverage rate of 67.31 percent. In 2020, Yezhou Township was named a provincial-level ecological town. “I am glad to see the rapid development of our village and the better ecological environment,” Shen said. “I will stick to my position as long as the mountains and my fellow villagers need me.” 14. What does the underlined word “ranger” mean in Paragraph 3? A. A person who loves forest. B. A person who prevents forest fire. C. A person whose job is to manage and protect forest. 考点三 推理判断题 In March this year, a big fire destroyed the building that housed Kim’s Fish Market in Borough Park, Brooklyn. The accident made Kim have no place to operate his business and no ability to get income. Shea Langsam owns a similar store, just a few blocks away. One would have thought that though he may be sympathetic(同情的) to his competitor’s bad luck, he would welcome this opportunity to gain new customers and increase his business. Instead, Shea did something truly excellent. When he learned of the fire, he picked up the phone and called Kim. Not only did he comfort him but when he heard Kim say he would need a facility(场所) to deliver orders to his customers, he said, “Don't worry! Why not join me in my store before your store could be rebuilt? As fellow community members, we all should try to help each other.” Shea did as he promised and Kim cut his losses. The story is wonderful and it’s an example of seeing fellow community members as part of one family, putting needs of others ahead of their own needs. Businessmen usually want to make more money or grow their business but the story is different. It’s a truly sincere display of true faith and great kindness. Real faith means caring for others and having a heart of compassion (同情) and mercy like Shea. 9. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To describe the difficulty of doing business. B. To explain the importance of a real friendship. C. To display the meaning of true faith and great kindness. 考点四 主旨大意题 Passage1 A new study shows that increases in extreme winter weather in parts of the US are linked to quickened warming of the Arctic. Over the past four decades, warming in the Arctic has been far more definite than that in the rest of the world and has caused a rapid decrease of summer sea ice. Heating in the Arctic has ultimately disturbed the circular pattern of winds known as the polar vortex(旋涡). As a result, it got stretched out of shape and slid southward off the pole. Scientists believe this vortex stretching process led to the deadly Texas cold wave in February this year. 1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The explanation given by scientists. B. The formation of Texas cold wave. C. The decrease of summer sea ice. D. The polar vortex’s being disturbed. Passage 2 Alex Dunedin threw his smartphone in the rubbish bag 2 years ago. “Culturally, we have become addicted to these tools,” says this educational researcher and technology expert. “They are weakening cognition(认知) and impeding(妨碍，阻碍) productivity.” Dunedin says another reason behind his decision was environmental concerns. “We are wasting large amounts of energy and producing large amounts of CO2 emissions.” 1. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The benefits Alex Dunedin’s smartphone brought. B. The characteristics of Alex Dunedin’s smartphone. C. The reasons why Alex Dunedin abandoned his smartphone. D. The ways Alex Dunedin reduced time spent on a smartphone. Passage 1 [2023江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试]A strategy is a plan for doing something well. You can use strategies before, during, and after reading. Before You Read Look at the title, headings, and photographs or illustrations. Think about what you already know about the topic. Guess what the text will be about and what you might learn from reading it     Set a purpose for reading. While You Read Think about what you understand and what you do not understand. Use the reading strategies below to help you understand the text. Use story structure(结构): Pay attention to the characters, background, and plot (情节) events to help you understand how a story is organized Make a summary: Stop for a short while as you read to find out the most important ideas in the text. Ask and answer questions: Ask yourself questions about what you do not understand in the text. Look for answers to questions as you read. Use diagrams: Make diagrams as you read to show how important ideas in the text are connected. Check understanding: When you do not understand a section of text, use one of these strategies to make the information clear • Read again    • Change reading speed • Read on     • Self-correctAfter You Read Talk with a classmate about which strategies you used and why you used them. 1. What should you do before you read? A. Use diagrams. B. Change reading speed. C. Talk with a classmate. D. Look at the title and headings. 2. Which of the following can help you understand how a story is organized? A. Using story structure. B. Making a summary. C. Checking understanding. D. Asking and answering questions. 3. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Procedures for questioning. B. Ways of making diagrams. C. Strategies for reading. D. Examinations of understanding. 4. Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A film. B. A textbook. C. A dictionary. D. A document. Passage 2 [2023江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试]With the increasing number of Everest mountain climbers, more litter is left behind on this natural wonder. Fortunately, Nepalese(尼泊尔的) officials are working to deal with this environment disaster. Mount Everest has brought much-needed income to Nepal, but a lot of waste has gathered as a result. Climbers need a lot of equipment to successfully climb the mountain. A typical team of climbers can easily use up hundreds of oxygen containers and as many as 15 plastic tents and other equipment during the climb. In addition, there is the problem with human waste. This has been a growing problem and has put life in danger. The waste problem now spreads from the base camp to the river below, polluting the local water supply. In 2014, the Nepalese government tried to solve this pollution problem, requiring that climbers bring back 18 pounds of rubbish on their way down the mountain. But this solution did not work well. Mount Everest officials and the city of Kathmandu put forward a new proposal. First of all, dustbins have been placed along the mountain paths. In addition, heavy fines will be given to climbers who pollute the mountain. These climbers risk losing their $4,000 waste deposit(保证金) if caught throwing things. In this way, careless throwing will surely be reduced. Finally, the rubbish will be removed from the mountain. A local plane company has agreed to use its planes to carry the waste from the mountain to the capital city, where it will be treated. Now, with these new rules in place, the mountain should see a return to its former self. 5. What caused the Mount Everest environment disaster? A. The increasing number of villagers. B. Litter left behind by the climbers. C. Nepalese officials who work there. D. Rubbish produced by nature itself. 6. Which of the following pollute(s) the local water supply according to paragraph 2? A. Human waste. B. Plastic tents. C. Oxygen containers. D. Climbing equipment. 7. What were the climbers required to do in 2014? A. Limit the use of oxygen containers. B. Use wood and metal to put up tents. C. Avoid drinking water from the river below. D. Take 18 pounds of litter down the mountain. 8. How many new rules are put forward in the last paragraph? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. Passage 3 [2023江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试]You drove ten hours to your aunt’s house, and you’re ready to get some sleep in the guest room. But though you’re so tired, sleep just doesn’t come. You turn from side to side in bed all night. And finally, when you do fall asleep, you wake up just an hour later. It’s so easy to fall asleep in your own bed. So why can’t you sleep well here? Martha Hotz Vitaterna, a brain scientist, knows all about this problem. “In some sleep research circles, this is called the “first night effect”, she says. “People do not sleep well the first night. There is less slow brainwave activity, meaning not as much time in deep sleep. In animal studies, we see this phenomenon (现象) as well.” The fact that this happens in other animals, too, makes scientists think that bad sleep in new places is the result of a very old process inside your brain. It may date back to the time long before humans evolved (进化). When you’re in your own bed, your brain knows it’s home and you will be safe. It can relax and fall into a deep, healthy sleep. But when you sleep in an unfamiliar place, your brain stays slightly attentive to make sure no dangers are nearby. Even familiar sounds still make you worried. What’s that? Is it dangerous? It wakes up the brain to keep you ready to escape if you need to. But there’s good news: for most people, after just one or two nights in a new place, our anxious brains start to feel safe again. And finally we can have a full night of sleep. 9. What is the “first night effect”? A. Poor sleep on the first night. B. Less rapid brainwave activity. C. Long deep sleep all night. D. Good habit of sleeping. 10. From paragraph 3 we know that bad sleep in new places ________. A. brings danger to health B. exists only in humans C. has bad effects on the brain D. has a very long history 11. Why is it harder to sleep in new places? A. There are real dangers nearby. B. New beds feel uncomfortable. C. People feel unsafe and worried. D. The brain stops working normally. 12. What’s good news for most people? A. Brains no longer feel safe. B. They will have a quick mind. C. They can finally sleep well. D. Unfamiliar sounds disappear. Passage 4 [2023江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试]In October, 2021, three Chinese astronauts, Wang Yaping, Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu, travelled to their space station. They stayed there for six months while they got ready for two new modules(舱), Wentian and Mengtian, to join the main module, Tianhe. In December, they gave a physics lesson from space to students in Hong Kong, Beijing and three other cities. Through a livestream(网络直播), the public could also enjoy the lesson. Wang Yaping gave the Tiangong lesson, while Zhai Zhigang made videos, and Ye Guangfu helped in the process. Excited students enjoyed the lesson about the effects of weightlessness on object movement. They were quite curious about what it’s like to live in space. There was no doubt that they had lots of questions specifically for astronaut Wang, who is famous as the first Chinese woman to go on a spacewalk. She had before spent several hours outside the station with Zhai, fixing equipment and doing tests. Wang said it was a great joy to teach children about space while she was there, referring to the two live science lectures she gave in 2013 and 2021. “My family told me that many netizens (Internet users) compared photos of my two lectures and found that our ’space classroom’ is now bigger, the content of the class is more colourful and interesting, and that the livestream is smoother and pictures clearer,” she said. 13. What was Wang Yaping’s 2021 Tiangong lesson about? A. Arts. B. Physics. C. History. D. Travel. 14. How did students feel about the Tiangong lesson? A. Excited. B. Sad. C. Doubtful. D. Bored. 15. What did Wang and Zhai do outside the space station? A. Made videos. B. Gave a physics lesson. C. Compared photos of two lectures. D. Fixed equipment and did tests. 16. What is one of the features of Wang Yaping’s 2021 lecture? A. Fewer questions. B. Unclearer pictures. C. More colourful content. D. Smaller space classroom. Passage 5 [2023江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试]Do you know how many kinds of breakfast cereal(麦片) there are in my local supermarket? 165 kinds! That’s just one product. Think about all the varieties of biscuits, yoghourt, and chocolate bars. We have so much choice these days. It’s unbelievable! So all this choice must be a good thing, right? It makes us happier, right? Well, not necessarily. People like the idea of having a choice, and many people think more choice must be a good thing. But, in fact, too much choice can cause us problems. If there are too many different things to choose from, we can’t know what to choose. If you offer me a choice of three cookies, I can decide quickly which one I want. But if you offer me a choice of 33 cookies, my brain crashes. Another problem with too much choice is that we think there must be the perfect cookie somewhere. The fact is, there isn’t — so when we have spent half an hour deciding which cookie we want, we feel dissatisfied, because it’s not as good as expected. It’s not cookie perfection. And then we begin to regret all the other cookies we didn’t choose, thinking one of them might have been better. So there can be such a thing as too much choice. We need to recognize that while some choice is good, too much can leave us at a loss. We should focus on being pleased with what we choose. I am going to remember this next time I’m offered a cookie — choose one and enjoy it! 17. What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A. To sell a product. B. To express surprise. C. To introduce the topic. D. To answer a question. 18. What problem can too much choice cause? A. Difficulty in choosing. B. Worry about health. C. A careless decision. D. A loss of memory. 19. The underlined part “It’s not cookie perfection” probably means ________. A. we can’t make good cookies B. there’s no perfect choice C. we are pleased with all cookies D. the cookie doesn’t taste delicious 20. How will the writer solve the problem of too much choice according to the last paragraph? A. Recognize the perfect. B. Make a quick choice. C. Ignore what is offered. D. Enjoy what is chosen. Passage 6 Deepfake: synthetic(合成的) media, including images, videos, and audio, is generated by Al technology to show something that does not exist or events that have never occurred. Examples of deepfakes have been widely spread, including a video of Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg giving a speech about his company’s plan, and a video of Elon Musk dancing and talking about the power of dreams, etc. It’s easy for AI to produce such deepfakes using two different deep-learning algorithms (算法): one that creates the best possible clone based on a real image or video and another that detects whether the copy is fake (伪造的) and, if it is, reports on the differences between it and the original. The first algorithm produces a synthetic image and receives feedback on it from the second algorithm and then adjusts it to make it appear more real; the loop is repeated as many times as it takes until the second algorithm does not detect any false imagery. Deepfakers often have evil motives, including creating misinformation and generating confusion. They tend to demean, terrify, and annoy, and have targeted not only celebrities but ordinary citizens as well. Most of the academic research surrounding deepfakes focuses on the detection of huge amount of deepfake videos emerging online. One detection approach is to use algorithms to identify inconsistencies in deepfake videos. For example, an automatic system can examine videos for errors such as irregular blinking patterns of lighting. However, these approaches have been criticized because deepfake detection is characterized by a “moving goal post” where the production of deepfakes is changing and improving while detection tools are always on the way of catching them up. However, education and medicine are two of the fields that may benefit from deepfake technology. In the classroom, historical speeches could be deepfaked to offer immersive and engaging lessons. In health care, it can improve the accuracy with which tumors (肿瘤) are spotted, making them easier to treat. Its use also permits using synthesized data instead of that from real patients to avoid privacy concerns. 21. How does AI create a deepfake video according to the passage? A. By copying and combining the fake images. B. By constantly teaching itself to perfect the output. C. By acquiring feedback from multiple sources. D. By repeatedly generating realistic images from scratch. 22. What is the challenge of detecting deepfake videos? A. Ever-evolving deepfake techniques. B. Insufficient academic basis on detection solutions. C. A massive number of false videos online. D. Limited availability of detection tools. 23. What is the author’s attitude toward deepfake? A. Supportive. B. Critical. C. Objective. D. Unconcerned. 24. What is probably the best title for the passage? A. Potential threats: AI’s new playground B. Deepfake: Human’s another helping hand C. Artificial Intelligence: A piece of fake D. Detecting deepfake: An ongoing battle Passage 7 I was surprised to find the congestion(拥塞) outside Layla’s primary school was unusually absent—I’d driven right into a parking space, and I was on time, for once. The school bell rang, and in a moment a stream of children made their way through the gate. But something was different—the kids were piling into vehicles in threes and fours. Before I could enquire my daughter Layla, Mr Trent, the deputy head, approached. “Mrs Pavis, did you not read our letter?” Letter? What letter? I had a history of not looking out for them, and not reading them in most cases. “The letter? Of course. It must have just slipped my mind—I’ve been away with work.” Now I was digging around in Layla’s messy schoolbag at home. Eventually, I found several letters, all addressing the same topic—parking outside the school gates. Apparently with some parents parking illegally, the police were about to get involved. “Why didn’t you give me these letters?” I demanded. Layla shrugged. “I forgot.” I was about to launch into a severe lecture when it occurred to me that I had always forgotten—I had forgotten to give Layla her money for cookery that morning and forgotten to hang out the kids’ washed clothes. I contained myself and figured out that they wanted the parents to car-pool (拼车). I spent the next half hour ringing round Layla’s friends’ parents, enquiring if they would like to car-pool with us. Unfortunately, they were all sorted. It was my own fault—I should have read those letters ages ago. “Er... I overheard others talking about it,” Layla said, “They said they didn’t know who would car-pool with us, because we’re always late.” I flushed instantly. We were a disorganised family, and I was the one to blame. I resolved to change. With responsibility for my kids, I find I am never, ever late. It’s good for Layla and for her older brothers, and it’s good for me, because now I never leave the house unprepared. I’ve even started checking the kids’ schoolbags for notes from school. 25. What did the author notice when the school was over? A. It was hard to find a parking space. B. Children were picked up in groups. C. Her daughter was absent from class. D. She arrived much earlier than others. 26. What stopped the author criticizing her daughter? A. The reflection of her daily routine. B. The realization of her carelessness. C. The knowledge of her kid’s character. D. The awareness of her kid’s depression. 27. Why did others refuse to car-pool with them according to Layla? A. Because they contacted them late. B. Because they failed to keep the house tidy. C. Because they couldn’t be on time. D. Because they ignored the school’s request. 28. What can we learn from the passage? A. Action creates motivation. B. Mother’s love never changes. C. It’s never too late to mend. D. Patience is the key to success. Passage 8 The only science fiction that ever really caught my attention when I was growing up, besides Star Trek and Robert Heinlein’s Stranger in a Strange Land, was the novel Contact by Carl Sagan. When I was 15, I saw the 1997 film version of this. Later, as a 17­-year-­old adapting to my first semester(学期) at university, I read the book. Contact eventually became the gateway for me to try more popular science books. One thing that interested me was the bitter fights the researchers got into with one another about their different ways of measuring the expansion rate of space­time. On second thoughts, maybe this was a lesson I was supposed to draw from Contact, but, at the time, I didn’t regard such politics as a scientist problem. Instead, what caught my attention was the portrayal of Eleanor “Ellie” Arroway, a scientist who searched for alien intelligence. In the film version, Ellie is seen listening to space using a pair of headphones connected to the Very Large Array (VLA)—a real facility in New Mexico. Astronomers don’t really do this for the purposes of actual research because there is rarely any point. This is the kind of detail that is unimportant for the film of Contact, but how it portrays radio astronomy is one of the inaccuracies I occasionally hear scientists complain about. I was lucky enough to observe the behaviour of some water molecules(分子) in the Orion nebula(猎户座星云) using the VLA for my third­year lab course. We didn’t listen to the data. Instead, we processed it so that we could look at it. That was probably the only time I ever excelled in the lab, and I was so excited to be a real­life Ellie Arroway. Later, I was forced to think more about the human aspects of my working experience. I witnessed unnecessarily heated arguments between scientists, complete with shouting and chalkboard punching (用拳猛击). But, thankfully, Contact had not only introduced me to the idea of radio astronomy as a possible career path, it had also given me a road map for remaining calm in the confused conflict of astronomical wonder and human politics. 29. What can be learned about the author in his teenage years? A. He watched Contact’s film version in his freshman year. B. His interest in science was inspired by Contact. C. He read a wide range of science fiction books. D. His favourite science fiction author was Robert Heinlein. 30. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Detecting the sound of space. B. Searching for alien intelligence. C. Communicating with non­experts. D. Visiting the VLA in New Mexico. 31. Why does the author mention his third­year lab course? A. To demonstrate his strong interest in lab projects. B. To explain why scientists sometimes make complaints. C. To show his observations had achieved positive results. D. To prove the film of Contact presented radio astronomy incorrectly. 32. What lesson did Contact teach the author? A. How to grasp career opportunities. B. How to get an excellent score on a lab course. C. How to deal with conflicts between scientists. D. How to explain the science of radio astronomy. Passage 9 While they can’t pick out precise numbers, animals can comprehend that more is, well, more. From birds to bees and wolves to frogs, animals use numbers to hunt, find a mate, return to their home, and more. Researchers believe that this ability, known as numerical competence, plays an important role in how animals make these decisions. Andreas Nieder, a biologist at the University of Tübingen, explores the current literature on how different animals comprehend numbers. Honeybees, for instance, can remember the number of landmarks they pass when searching for food in order to find their way back home. This ability can also be seen in animals choosing a larger amount of food over a smaller amount or in animals forming hunting groups. Wolves are more likely to hunt successfully if they have the right number of wolves in their pack for their prey(猎物) with prey like elk(驼鹿), only around six to eight wolves are needed, while hunting wild pigs requires a pack of nine to thirteen. Their prey also uses this concept to protect themselves—elk tend to live in small groups, which rarely have encounters with wolves, or gather in large groups to reduce the chance of any individual becoming prey. “They are assessing the number of individuals in their groups for their everyday life situations,” Nieder says. Furthermore, numerical competence also plays a role in attracting a mate. For example, male frogs sing “advertisement” calls to attract females. The females, listening to their complicated calls, choose the males that sing the most “chucks” in their calls. Now researchers do have some sense of the rules that govern numerical competence in animals. For example, they count approximately (大概) rather than specifically and two numbers need to be more different for them to tell them apart as those numbers get bigger. However, Nieder argues that more research needs to be done. “I hope I can encourage behavioral ecologists to specifically explore numerical competence in the wild, and, in doing so, also open new research fields,” he says. 33. What do the examples of wolves and elk suggest about numerical competence? A. It gives animals a reproduction benefit. B. It affects animals’ chances of survival. C. It is decided by animals’ hunting ability. D. It develops well in social animals. 34. How does the author mainly develop this text? A. By listing figures. B. By asking questions. C. By giving examples. D. By making comparisons. 35. What do Nieder’s words in the last paragraph focus on concerning animals’ numerical competence? A. Its fundamental rules. B. Its appeal to behavioral ecologists. C. Researchers in new study fields. D. Expectations for further studies. 36. What can be the best title for the text? A. Animals’ understanding of numbers gives them an advantage B. Numerical competence research achieves a breakthrough C. Animals develop numerical competence? Never D. Can many animals count? Better than you Passage 10 As a child, I didn’t enjoy cartoons like other girls my age, but I did love listening to discussions about politics (政治). I was very talkative and asked too many questions, which wore out the patience of my friends and sometimes even the adults around me. My Grade 4 report summarized my social relations with “needs improvement”. It wasn’t until I turned 46 that I learned my uniqueness has a name — autism (自闭症). My diagnosis (诊断) was like discovering a missing piece of my brain, picking it up, putting it in place and feeling whole for the first time. From then on, I started to fully enjoy life. What I’ve found out since is that there are a number of others like me — people who weren’t diagnosed as having autism until midlife. In my 20s, I talked with a doctor about my growing anxiety. But autism never entered the conversation. In early 2017, I began a new job in which I was being praised and recognised as never before, so I didn’t know how to deal with it. As I neared the end of my one-year work, all the symptoms (症状) of my undiagnosed condition appeared in my working environment: becoming so stressed out because of overwork. Then, two months later, I received my diagnosis. Finally everything started to make sense. Today, I have my own company called Liberty Co., which suggests that facing the facts brings us freedom. Our goal is to increase the population of people like me in the workplace. It gives me a chance to be a supporter for women with autism. 37. What do we know about the author as a child? A. She was patient. B. She was different. C. She got good grades in school. D. She tried to stand out from her classmates. 38. How did the author feel about her diagnosis? A. Thankful. B. Concerned. C. Doubtful. D. Dissatisfied. 39. What made the author’s symptoms worse? A. No recognition from her co-workers. B. Not seeing doctors very often. C. The anxiety about her social relations. D. The stress of her new job. 40. Why did the author set up her own business? A. To support women’s equal rights. B. To help people in the workplace connect more. C. To include more autistic people at work. D. To teach women with autism survival skills. Passage 11 Physical weakness, lack of energy, severe hair loss, and pain in the neck, are more common among young people recently. More people are now turning to TCM for help, which stands for traditional Chinese medicine. Wang Louda, 30, who works in the social media industry, has gained a new respect for TCM after suffering from cervical(颈椎) pain. Six months ago, while driving home from work, Wang suddenly felt weakness in his left arm. He thought it was due to the hard work he was doing and that a good rest over the weekend would relieve it. However, the situation worsened after a week. He had no choice but to go to the hospital for an examination, which showed something wrong with his cervical. A friend recommended that he try acupuncture(针灸). After over a month of treatment with TCM, his pain had gradually disappeared. “TCM is relatively gentle and suitable for treating chronic (慢性的) diseases,” Wang says. Modern people, due to the endless use of mobile phones and computers, spend up to 10 hours a day sitting to study or work. This sedentary lifestyle, lacking in enough physical activity, means that the muscles and bones cannot receive enough relaxation and exercise, gradually leading to damage. Problems such as neck pain, shoulder pain, back pain, and leg pain are becoming increasingly common. Yao Jingyi, who works at a TCM clinic in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, has been engaged in the clinic for over 30 years. He is skilled in treating sports injuries, cervical pain, and chronic diseases. “Acupuncture is one of the treasures of traditional Chinese medicine,” Yao explains. According to him, the ancient practice of acupuncture woks well in treating “modern illnesses”, such as headache, backache and cervical pain. 41. How did Wang Louda recover from cervical pain? A. By taking enough exercise. B. By visiting clinics of TCM. C. By taking his friend’s medicine. D. By having good rests every day. 42. Which can help keep people away from common diseases? A. The lack of sleep. B. Endless use of Mobile phones. C. Long hours’ sitting. D. Enough relaxation and exercise. 43. What does the underlined word “sedentary” in the 7th paragraph probably mean? A. Inactive. B. Unusual. C. Flexible. D. Common. 44. What is the passage mainly about? A. The history of traditional Chinese medical treatment. B. An advertisement for traditional Chinese medicine. C. The modern popularity of traditional Chinese treatment. D. The future development of Chinese acupuncture. Passage 12 Astronomers have discovered an unusual solar system near Earth. It’s made up of six planets orbiting a star. What makes this system special is that the six planets’ orbits appear to be matched. Scientists compare their movement to a perfectly timed symphony. “It’s precise and very orderly,” says Enric Pallé, an astronomer in the Canary Islands. The discovery was announced on November 29. It’s based on data from two orbiting satellites, NASA’s TESS and the European Space Agency’s Cheops. The newly discovered system is 100 light-years from Earth, or about 600 trillion(万亿) miles. That’s close, in space terms. Astronomers are calling the system a “golden target” for further study. It could offer an example of how systems across the Milky Way were formed. All solar systems are thought to have started out like this one. But they rarely keep their perfect timing. Giant planets can throw off the orbits of other planets. So can meteor(流星) impact. These things have happened in our solar system. Hugh Osborn, of the University of Bern, in Switzerland, says his team was “shocked and delighted” by the discovery. “My jaw was on the floor,” he says. “That was a really nice moment.” 45. What is special about the solar system recently discovered? A. It is made up of six orbiting planets. B. The planets’ orbits are perfectly matched. C. It is located 100 light-years away from Earth. D. The discovery was made using satellite data. 46. What is the significance of the newly discovered solar system? A. It is the closest solar system to Earth in the Milky Way. B. It is a clear target for future exploration tasks in space. C. It challenges the common thought about solar system. D. It offers an example of the formation of other systems. 47. Which can affect the perfect timing of a solar system’s orbits? A. The impact of meteors. B. The researches of astronomers. C. The formation of the Milky Way. D. The influence of orbiting satellites. 48. How did Hugh Osborn and his team react to the discovery? A. They were very doubtful and critical. B. They were quite surprised and excited. C. They were confused and disappointed. D. They were indifferent and uninterested. Passage 13 As in other countries, road safety is always a concern in America. Studies show that in 2022, 7,485 pedestrians (行人) were killed by vehicles in the U.S. That’s an increase of more than 65% since 2012. Even during COVID-19, when fewer people were driving, more pedestrians were hit and more died. Researchers found that drivers took advantage of empty streets and pay little attention to traffic rules. Another factor is the increasing popularity of SUVs, pickups (皮卡) and vans. These kinds of vehicles are up to three times more dangerous than smaller cars when hit pedestrians. The more fault drivers believe they could bear for the hitting, the more likely they are to leave without giving any help. Younger male drivers are more likely to run away. So are those who get drunken or lack a driving license. Other factors include the age of the victim, as children and elderly people are less likely to be left alone. Also, with more witnesses around, the drivers are less likely to hit and run. In the U.S. drivers run away from serious crashes with pedestrians about 20% of the time, and the rate is very different among different states. In 2020, 6,519 pedestrians were killed in the U.S. Speeding driving were a major cause. While Florida “wins” the least number of deaths caused by speeding. These following states were reported to have the most dangerous road accidents. Ten most dangerous states for pedestrians 49. What does the first paragraph tell us? A. Road security worries Americans. B. Pedestrian are on the rise over time. C. COVID-19 caused more road accidents. D. Vehicles have doubled since 2012. 50. Which kind of vehicles is the least dangerous in America? A. Cars. B. SUVs. C. Pickups. D. Vans. 51. What can we learn from the passage? A. Young drivers are more likely to be honest. B. Drunken driving is now allowed in America. C. Children and the old are well protected in the U.S. D. Drivers are more honest if witnessed by more people. 52. Which of the following states is the most suitable for tourists on foot? A. New Mexico. B. New York. C. Florida. D. South Carolina. Passage 14 Sammie Vance knows it feels bad to be left out. So she has been helping kids who feel lonely make friends. Sammie is 14. When she was in the third grade, she started the Buddy Bench program. That was at her school, in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Anyone who felt lonely could sit on the “buddy bench.” It showed others that someone needed a friend. The bench brought kids together. “There was one little boy at school, younger than me,” Sammie told TIME for Kids. “He would see me in the hallway and give me a thumbs-up. That told me that what I was doing helped him.” It costs money to build benches. Sammie decided to make them out of recycled materials. This lowered the cost. And the benches were eco-friendly. Sammie gathered friends in her community. They collected 1,200 pounds of bottle caps. A company called Green Tree Plastics made three benches with the bottle caps. Sammie has helped communities all over the country set up buddy benches. And she is spreading kindness around the world. “We recently got a bench in Ghana, Africa,” she says. “That was cool.” Sammie reminds us that kids can help their community. Even small acts of kindness can be powerful. “You don’t have to be an adult to make a difference,” she says. Sammie wrote a book. It is called Inspire the World: A Kid’s Journey to Making a Difference. It tells the story of her buddy benches. Sammie hopes her example will inspire others. “I used to be really, really shy,” she says. Building buddy benches gave her confidence. “I’m definitely more outgoing now.” 53. When did Sammie start the Buddy Bench program? A. In the third grade. B. In the fourth grade. C. In the fifth grade. D. In the sixth grade. 54. What does Sammie do to help lonely kids? A. She helps them find a new hobby. B. She introduces them to her friends. C. She starts a program to help them make friends. D. She gives them a thumbs-up to make them happy. 55. How did Sammie lower the cost of making benches? A. She raised money herself. B. She cycled to find materials. C. She turned to her parents. D. She used recycled materials. 56. What does Sammie hope to do by writing a book? A. To inspire children to make differences. B. To raise more money for her journey. C. To build more benches for children. D. To remind children to act like adults. Passage 15 Los Angeles residents Joe Blackstone and Jamie Mohn have long recognized the lasting impact storytelling can have on a child’s life. Shortly after getting married, the couple began volunteering to read books to elementary school kids. Then, when they became parents themselves, they created the J3 Foundation to help organizations devoted to children’s growth. But after learning two-thirds of fourth graders who cannot read effectively end up on welfare, Blackstone and Mohn decided to take a more hands-on approach: in 2018, they launched J3’s Cozy Reading Club. Each session of the two-hour, after-school program is free and includes outdoor activities and a healthy snack. Then, it’s time for some comfortable reading. After teachers read a book aloud and the group talks about the storyline freely, the kids find a spot to sit while grabbing a book of their choice to look through. In the end, they get to choose two books to borrow and take home. In its first year, J3’s Cozy Reading Club served 15 students in one L. A. -area classroom. As of 2022, it had expanded to 17 schools across four different districts, impacting a total of at least 400 students, the vast majority of whom live in underserved communities. With impressive statistics backing it up 90% of the students have significantly improved their reading scores, and 95% say they’ve started reading for fun since taking part in the program——its founders have much to celebrate. “Having more than 5,000 culturally relevant books available to them is so exciting. I love it when our students can see themselves and their classmates’ lives reflected in the books they are reading. The hope of changing one kid at a time makes all the work worthwhile,” Blackstone said. Currently, J3 is in the process of raising $864,000, so the Cozy Reading Club can expand to an additional 24 Los Angeles schools and double its book collection to 10,000. This is worthwhile. The National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) reported that 68% of U. S. fourth graders weren’t skilled at reading in 2022, up from 66% in 2019. 57. What can be inferred about Blackstone and Mohn? A. They are children’s writers. B. They teach reading in a school. C. They value kids’ development. D. They’ve donated much to charities. 58. What can children do in J3’s Cozy Reading Club? A. Learn the history of books. B. Discuss a book’s plot. C. Cook and have snacks. D. Buy interesting books. 59. What are the statistics in Paragraph 3 about regarding J3’s Cozy Reading Club? A. Its great achievements. B. Its various services. C. Its long-term goals. D. Its current programs. 60. Why does the author mention NAEP in the last paragraph? A. To state reading is significant. B. To show J3 is a necessary cause. C. To assess J3’s potential abilities. D. To criticize America’s education. Passage 16 There are some 7,000 languages spoken worldwide, each unique, using different sounds, vocabularies and structures. Charles the Great said: “To have a second language is to have a second soul.” This begs the question: Does the language we speak shape who we are? As it turns out, yes. In societies such as the United States or Western Europe, self-expression and language precision are valued. Asian cultures, on the other hand, prefer an indirect form of communication. Words like “perhaps” and “maybe” are used more than “yes” or “no”. Americanism takes an informal approach to communication. Therefore, it’s OK to refer to a stranger or the boss as “you”. However, the Thai language has 12 forms of the same pronoun, choosing one depends on status. In this way, languages are essential in leading any culture, be that our own or otherwise. People who speak different languages notice different things, depending on the constructs of their mother tongue. Take an accident. In English, it’s OK to say: “She broke the glass.” But in a language like Spanish, you’d probably go with: “The glass broke.” The same incident produces two different responses. English speakers will remember who’s at fault, because their language asks them to, while Spanish speakers are more likely to remember it was an accident. This has real consequences, especially when it comes to crime and punishment. Professor Jim Cummins has written extensively on mother tongues. For Cummins, the stronger our home language, the easier it is for us to learn others. Of course, research also shows that being bilingual gives people many advantages in life. Linguist Julien Leyre writes that learning another language develops our ability to “understand the mental world of another person, based on the language they use, and how that world is different from our own.” Our mother tongue is central to how we think, what we know and who we are. Like us, languages are living things that change over time and must be cared for to survive. By doing so, we protect not just the linguistic structures or vocabularies we use, but the culture, knowledge and power behind them. 61. Why does the author mention “Americanism” and “the Thai language” in Paragraph 2? A. To tell the cultural differences between them. B. To indicate a language is a guide to a culture. C. To stress American expressions are informal. D. To reveal a language is associated with status. 62. How will English speakers’ react to an accident? A. They will seek blame. B. They will punish others. C. They will avoid responsibility. D. They will draw a lesson from it. 63. What does Julien Leyre think about bilinguals? A. They enjoy a more colorful life. B. They can remain mentally healthy. C. They find it easier to learn a language. D. They can gain insight into others’ minds. 64. Which one can be the best title for the text? A. How do languages differ? B. Will your language be extinct? C. Why does our mother tongue matter? D. Should we speak a second language? Passage 17 A few years ago, I realized that I had a fear of heights. Sometimes I would feel uncomfortable if I looked down from somewhere high and the higher I got, the worse I felt. However, there were some things that made me nervous when I looked up at them — such as drop towers(急速下降塔). About a month ago, my family and I went on a trip to Marineland — an amusement park with a sea animal theme. One of Marineland’s attractions is a huge drop tower called the “Sky Screamer”. My dad wanted to ride it, and he wanted to take me with him. He kept encouraging me, and I finally gave in, because I was desired to face my fears. Going up was terrible. I got stomachaches from just looking at the tower. When we reached the tower, we lined up and got seated on the ride. When it reached a few feet off the ground, it stopped for a moment, before sending us straight to the top at great speed. I squeezed my eyes shut and I held the handlebar (把手) as tightly as I could during the whole ride. A few seconds later my heart was in my mouth and I was screaming my lungs out. At the top, I opened my eyes and looked forward, not down. I tried to prepare myself for the way down, but it didn’t really help. There I was, with my eyes squeezed (紧紧地) shut, holding the handlebar and again, screaming at the top of my voice. In fact, it was even worse than going up! But when I got to the bottom, I felt relieved. I thanked my dad for forcing me to go on the ride, and I was pleased I had overcome my fears. So, was the “Sky Screamer” scary? Well, maybe just a little bit. 65. Which of the following wasn’t the writer afraid of? A. Riding a lift to a higher place. B. Looking down from a height. C. Looking up at drop towers. D. Going to a wonderful park. 66. What made the writer finally decide to ride the “Sky Screamer”? A. Her father’s encouraging words. B. Her interest in the ride. C. Her desire to face her fears. D. Her father’s nagging. 67. What did the writer do during the ride? A. She kept looking down. B. She kept holding the handlebar. C. She was too frightened to scream. D. She squeezed her father’s hand tightly. 68. What can we learn from the passage? A. The writer volunteered to take the ride. B. The writer’s father forced her to ride with him. C. The ride was less scary on the way up. D. The ride offered the writer a chance to face and overcome her fears. 69. What is the passage mainly about? A. A trip to Marineland. B. Facing a fear. C. A ride to the top of the “Sky Screamer”. D. A joyful ride on the “Sky Screamer”. Passage 18 Cities are difficult to navigate(导航) at the best of times, but for people with disabilities they can be like courses with hurdles and bring inconvenience to disabled people. A UK national travel survey found that adults with mobility difficulties took 39% fewer trips than those with no disability in 2017. Yet that could change as devices and cities grow smarter. Assistive tech is playing a big role in the transformation. The global value of the industry is expected to increase from $14 billion in 2015 to $30.8 billion in 2024, according to Zion Market Research. One of the things that could transform lives is a smart walking stick designed by engineers from Young Guru Academy (YGA) in Turkey. The WeWalk stick has a sensor that detects hurdles above chest level and uses vibrations (振动) to warn the user. It can be paired with a smartphone to help navigation, and is connected with a voice assistant and Google Maps. Ceylan, who has been blind since birth, says that connecting the stick to the Internet of Things and smart city solutions makes it user-friendly. “As a blind person, when I am at the Metro station I don’t know which is my exit ... I don’t know which bus is approaching ... which stores are around me. That kind of information can be provided with the WeWalk,” he says. “The smart walking stick is really an exciting initiative that will make a huge difference to some people,” says Anna Lawson, the director of the Center for Disability Studies at Leeds University in the United Kingdom. “But they are very expensive ... they’re not going to be available to the vast majority of disabled people,” she added. Bryan Matthews, a lecturer at the Institute for Transport Studies at the University of Leeds, shares the concerns about cost. He says there should also be a focus on inclusive design, and anything that helps people navigate their environment is positive. 70. What does “that” in the second paragraph refer to? A. The survey that compared adults’ mobility. B. The smart industry that is booming. C. The fact that the disabled traveled less. D. The role that the assistive tech plays. 71. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The working principles of the WeWalk stick. B. The introduction of the WeWalk stick inventors. C. The transformation caused by the WeWalk stick. D. The benefits brought about by the WeWalk stick. 72. What’s the purpose of quoting Ceylan? A. To show the value of smart tech. B. To urge more attention to the blind. C. To increase the potential market share. D. To encourage tech research and development. 73. What is the disadvantage of the WeWalk stick? A. Confusing instructions. B. Poor navigation. C. Inclusive designs. D. High prices. Passage 19 Camp Kinneret Located in the rolling hills of Agoura, California, Camp Kinneret provides children aged 4-14 with a classic, outdoor day camp experience. Working at camp is an opportunity to be part of an intentional, growth-oriented community as a role model and leader of your campers. Most staff will ride the bus to camp each day with their campers from various Conejo and San Fernando Valley cities. Summer camp jobs include: • Day Camp Staff assigned to a specific group for the duration of the summer participating in all activities throughout the day. • Swim Instructors working in a team of 4-6 to ensure the safety of campers of all ages and abilities at the pool. • Activity Instructors leading campers at activity areas that include horse riding, animal care, nature ecology, wilderness play, farming & gardening, performing arts and more! • Resident Camp Staff spending each week guiding kids through a variety of on-site and off-site adventure-based activities including backpacking, mountain biking, climbing and more! Camp Kinneret allows you to gain a summer’s worth of leadership development that you won’t find elsewhere! Salaries are based on position and previous experience. The range for a first-year staff member is $5, 100-$7, 000 for a 10-week summer. Applicants must be college-aged or older, have summer housing available in the Greater Los Angeles Area and be able to make a commitment from Jun. 6th to Aug. 6th, 2022 (Mon. -Fri. , 8:30 am-4:30 pm). If you are passionate about personal growth and development (for yourself and for others), fill out the online application and select a group interview to attend virtually or in person. 74. Who will be responsible for weekly adventure-based activities? A. Day Camp Staff. B. Swim Instructors. C. Activity Instructors. D. Resident Camp Staff. 75. Which of the following is a requirement for the applicants? A. They must be college students. B. They must have enough camp experience. C. They must work for two months at camp. D. They must have jobs in the Los Angeles area. 76. What type of writing is this text? A. A tourist guide. B. A campaign poster. C. A notice of job openings. D. A survey on camp marketing. Passage 20 What exactly is technology? There aren't any easy answers. Despite the fact that technology has re-mained one of the most controversial areas of modern science, especially when linked to human life or so-cial morals, much progress has been made in recent years, which has made the experts and common peo-ple think again. Technology is the application of knowledge to production. Thanks to modern technology, we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force. New machines and new methods have helped cut down time and expense while increasing overall output. This has meant more production and a higher standard of living. For most of the ordinary people, modern technology is thought of as the reason why we can have cars, television sets, cell phones, robots and so on. However, technology has also increased the a-mount of food available to us, by means of modern farming machinery and animal breeding techniques, and has extended our life span through medical technology. Will mankind continue to live longer and have a higher quality of life? In large measure the answer depends on technology and our ability to use it widely. If we keep making progress as we have over the past fifty years, the answer may be yes. The advancement of technology depends upon research and devel-opment, and the latest statistics show that developed countries are continuing to pump billions of dollars every year into such efforts. So while we are running out of some scarce (稀少的) resources we may well find technological substitutes for many of them through our research programs. Therefore, in the final analysis the three major factors of production(land, labor and capital)are all influenced by technology. When we need new skills or techniques in medicine, people will start developing new technology to meet those needs. As equipment proves to be slow or inefficient, new machines will be invented. Technology responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living. 77. Which of the following statements best summarizes the author's main points？ A. Science is the most important part of modern technology. B. Technology has nothing to do with the major factors of production. C. Modern technology is the key to the improvement of standard of living. D. Technology leads to more needs in production and human life. 78. What's the author's attitude toward modern technology？ A. Favorable. B. Indifferent. C. Negative. D. Doubtful. 79. What could be inferred from Paragraph 3？ A. Technology has increased the amount of food. B. Technology can definitely make people live long. C. Technology can soon create non-renewable resources. D. Technology progress depends on more expenses and efforts. 80. Where is this article probably from？ A. A report to the government. B. A school textbook. C. Latest news in a newspaper. D. A scientific magazine. Passage 21 Tokyo University laboratory has developed a robot that never loses at the game of Rock Paper Scissors. That is because its visual processing abilities and fingers work together faster than any human brain. A video of the robot has been watched by more than 3 million viewers on YouTube since going online at the end of June. Tokyo University engineering professor Masatoshi Ishikawa has a good-natured response to frustrated human losers who accuse him of essentially creating a robot that cheats. “It is not cheating. Every one millisecond (千分之一秒) the image processor decides and recognizes the shape the human hand is going to make. And then the robot can make a winnable shape one millisecond later than a human being. Only one millisecond, but a human cannot see this difference because the human eye is very slow,” explained Ishikawa. At the Ishikawa Oku Laboratory there has been amazing progress which shows the near perfect accuracy of robotics, such as a robot that can catch a falling egg without breaking it, another one that can tie a knot, and a robot that may not be quite ready for the NBA, but is able to dribble (运球) a ball. In sports such as baseball and cricket, the misses outnumber (比......多) successes for even the most skilled athletes. That is not so in this award-winning school laboratory. For instance, an intelligent robot is the result of five years of research and a lot of trial and error. And the cost of just one finger on the robot is equal to that of a mini car. The technology obviously has uses beyond fun and games. Corporations are eager to take advantage of the lab’s technology for industrial and other practical uses. And there is talk of applying it to assisting disabled people and improving human capabilities. 81. What brings the robot so much attention on the YouTube? A. It plays online games much better than any human. B. Its eyes and fingers can work at the same time. C. It can do whatever people tell it to do. D. It never loses in the game against humans. 82. Ishikawa’s explanation suggests that the robot ________. A. proves to be dishonest B. responds faster than humans C. works slower sometimes D. is lucky to win the game 83. The author proves that a robot is skillful and accurate through ________. A. performing an experiment B. telling an interesting story C. offering some practical examples D. ordering it to do something hard 84. Which section of a website is the text probably taken from? A. Science and technology. B. Human and society. C. Sports and games. D. Relaxation and entertainment. Passage 22 Hell comes to Pearl Harbor It was Sunday, December 7,1941. As usual, the wake­up call came at 5:45 a.m. The men aboard the warship USS Arizona stretched and rubbed their eyes. Seaman Russell Warriner was awakened by Quartermaster Louis Conter. Russell made his bed and helped clean the huge, shared room. The men went to the washroom, dressed in their uniforms and sat down to breakfast. It looked like it would be a normal day on board the ship. But nobody ate their breakfast: at that moment, there was a huge crashing sound from above. The ship shook violently and the men looked at each other in horror. Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles. They were diving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor. The scream of their engines was deafening. As bombs thundered all around, clouds of black smoke rose into the sky and hung over the sea. Russell felt his blood freeze, but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck. Moments later, a bomb hit the USS Arizona and Russell was thrown more than 100 meters across the ship. He suffered serious burns on his hands, arms and legs, and watched many of his friends die. Louis, meanwhile, also standing on the deck, was lucky not to be thrown into the sea. With only minor injuries, he was able to help others who were severely burnt and in terrible pain. After receiving the order to abandon ship, Louis saved more men from the water, dragging them into the lifeboat. In the chaos and confusion after the attack, the US Navy sent a message to his family that Louis had been killed in the attack. Luckily, he was able to get in touch with them before the message arrived. Despite his remarkable actions, Louis did not think that he was a hero. “The heroes are the ones that gave their lives that day,” he said. Russell was saved from the water, but he was badly burnt, bleeding heavily. Fortunately, he was taken to hospital and survived. For many years, Russell refused to talk about what happened that morning, describing it simply as “hell”. His wife Elsa said, “When he opened up later on, he always mentioned the horror of it.” Louis and Russell would never forget the terrible scene of the attack, but they were fortunate enough to be among the few survivors from the Arizona. Nobody had expected the bombing. Japan had hatched a plot to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, so the attack began without warning and without declaring war on the United States. The attack destroyed nearly 20 American ships and over 180 airplanes. In total, more than 2,000 American people were killed and over 1,000 others were wounded that day. More than 1,000 people aboard the Arizona lost their lives. Out of 37 sets of brothers, Russell and his brother were the only full pair to survive the attack. The surprise attack came as a great shock to the whole nation. The next day, President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech, in which he described December 7 as “a date which will live in infamy” and asked that the US Congress declare war on Japan. In response to the attack and the president’s address, the United States joined the Second World War. Today, the USS Arizona lies where it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Its location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge, which crosses the ship’s sunken remains . Each year, more than two million people visit the memorial. They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor, to learn about the attack, to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace. Although about eight decades has passed, the attack on Pearl Harbor, one of the darkest episodes in American history, will never be forgotten. 85. When did Japanese planes attack Pearl Harbor? A. In the morning. B. At noon. C. In the afternoon. D. At midnight. 86. What can we know about Russell and Louis from the passage? A. Russell lost his hands, arms and legs in the attack. B. Russell was seriously burned in the attack. C. Louis’s family were sad to hear that he was killed. D. Louis was proud of his remarkable actions. 87. Which of the following words can best describe Louis? A. Kind and skilled. B. Helpful and clever. C. Brave and clever. D. Brave and modest. 88. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to Paragraph 5? A. Many American ships and airplanes were destroyed in the attack. B. More than 1,000 people aboard the Arizona were killed. C. 2,000 Americans were killed and 1,000 others were wounded in the war. D. Both Russell and his brother survived the attack. Passage 23 A clever technologist took steamboat inventions and turned them into the first commercial steamboat service. Although Robert Fulton did not invent the steamboat, as is commonly believed, he played an important role in making steamboat travel a reality. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1765. As a young man, he set out to make his name as a portrait painter. His career took him to Europe and into the orbit of people with the power to support him politically and financially. Fulton entered London society after he painted Benjamin Franklin’s portrait. While abroad, Fulton left the arts for a career in shipbuilding. He was interested in the recently-invented steam engine, and thought it could be used to power ships. Fulton’s vision was not original; many others had entered the field, and the unfortunate inventor John Fitch had built a working steamship already. But like Henry Ford, Fulton’s talent lay not in the invention but in the product’s application in the marketplace. Fulton didn’t focus entirely on the steamboat. In 1804, he tested the first submarine successfully, which he had built for the British Royal Navy. His invention would make him a celebrity upon his return to the United States two years later. Fulton’s partner Robert Livingston obtained an exclusive license for steamboat services on New York’s Hudson River. It was time for Fulton to deliver. To build an efficient, reliable steamboat, Fulton used a special English steam engine. The ship’s bottom was flat and its stern was square. The steamboat Clermont made its debut(首次亮相)on August 17, 1807, steaming up the river from New York to Albany, and it soon entered commercial services. The hilly terrain of New York made water transport faster than land transport, and Fulton’s boat—formerly known as the “North River Steamboat”—was a hit. Within five years, Fulton would be running services on six major rivers plus the Chesapeake Bay, and bring in great profits. 89. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A. Henry Ford was as unfortunate as John Fitch. B. Henry Ford was talented in product application. C. Fulton left the arts as he couldn’t support himself. D. Fulton was the first to create a working steamship. 90. When did Fulton become a celebrity in the United States? A. In 1804. B. In 1806. C. In 1807. D. In 1802. 91. What is mentioned about Clermont? A. It operated for five years. B. It earned Fulton much money. C. It had an American steam engine. D. It was not accepted by people at first. 92. What’s the best title of the text? A. Robert Fulton and His Steamboat B. Robert Fulton: A Great Inventor C. Steamboats Changing Water Transport D. The History of Commercial Steamboats Passage 24 My favorite thing about autumn is that I have an excuse to make my mom apple cake again. So, I always thought, once my first child was in primary school, I would enjoy taking part in bake sale fundraisers. Instead, I fear them. I do not imagine that funds for football uniforms appear out of thin air. So I dutifully show up to each bake sale with home-made cakes. Still, bake sales trouble me. They feel like a holdover from a time when many moms didn’t work and it was supposed they had a lot of time to bake cookies for children. Women who don't have the time to bake at home and who bring packaged cookies are seen as breaking a great American tradition. What are we selling at bake sales, anyway? Are we advertising our baking skills? Or is the goal to raise money? Children happily buy cupcakes from a store, so why do we care that nobody in a home kitchen worked late into the night to make them? Actually, if you look closely at the economics, they just don’t add up. We might spend $10 on ingredients to make 18 cupcakes that sell for $2 each. Think of this $26 as profit supposing that the hours spent shopping and baking and packing things up and taking them to school, and possibly selling and cleaning up afterward, don’t have value. Volunteering your time and energy to something important is worth praising. But neither the ingredients nor the work is “free”, and many parents can't afford to give them away. This is not an attack against people who love to make banana bread and have the time to do so. But most people do not. Most parents struggle to get even the most basic parenting tasks finished in the limited time between the end of the workday and children’s bedtimes. It feels crazy to take time away from helping with homework, or actually making dinner, to spend hours on a fundraiser. 93. What can we learn about the author? A. She loves baking. B. She is active at school. C. She likes home-made food. D. She is against fundraising. 94. Why do bake sales trouble the author? A. She has to buy cakes in stores. B. Home-made baking is a burden. C. Some moms don’t attend bake sales. D. Moms are showing off their baking skills. 95. What does the example in Paragraph 5 show? A. Ingredients are too expensive. B. It is uneconomical to bake at home. C. It is hard to raise money at bake sales. D. Ready-made cakes are popular at school. 96. What does the author think of the time involved in baking? A. It is increasing. B. It is rewarding. C. It is highly valued. D. It is unavailable for many. Passage 25 On the night of 14th June 1904, New York’s Chinatown was in a deep gloom(低迷). For the past 20 years, the restaurants were filled with those crazy about a taste of real Chinese cooking “chop suey”. But suddenly, all that seemed at risk. A few days earlier, a chef named Lem Sen had arrived, saying he had invented it a decade before while working at a restaurant in San Francisco. His recipe had been stolen by an American diner to make money. Through his lawyer, he demanded restaurants pay him for using his recipe. Chop suey was first mentioned by Chinese-American journalist Wang Chin Foo in a list of common dishes he thought most attractive to Western tastes. As he explained, “each Chinese cook has his own recipe. The main parts are pork, bacon, chicken, mushroom, bamboo shoots, onion, and pepper, while accidental ones are duck, beef, salted black beans etc. Yet it is often considered by Westerners that this is a ‘national dish of China’ more than any other dish they’ve known.” Although a hyperbolic way to introduce this dish, it clearly showed that chop suey was indeed of Chinese origin. Where exactly its roots lay has been debated; but it was probably first cooked in Taishan, Guangdong, where most early immigrants to America had grown up. In 1866, the journalist Allan Forman noticed it as a delicious dish despite its “mysterious nature”, and nine years later, the first recipe appeared in magazines, with some un-Chinese ingredients thrown in. It was not long before a myth making began. In 1896, Li Hongzhang visited New York, and newspapers mistakenly reported that while refusing Western dishes at a banquet (宴会), he had enthusiastically accepted a plate of chop suey. This caused a great hit, and many who never heard of it before simply assumed that it was introduced to the US by Li Hongzhang, which accidentally promoted the dish’s popularity. 97. What is the purpose of a chef’s story in paragraph 1? A. To describe food history. B. To bring out chop suey. C. To show risky business world. D. To introduce a law case. 98. What would Wang Chin Foo most agree with about chop suey? A. Fixed ingredients. B. Its popularity overseas. C. Un-Chinese nature. D. Mixed national identities. 99. When chop suey was introduced in a “hyperbolic” way, it was_________. A. remarked beyond reality B. explained in greater details C. praised in something common D. commented based on the origin 100. What can be inferred about the myth making on chop suey? A. Li Hongzhang promoted this dish. B. Its popularity was based on facts. C. Mass media belonged to the root cause. D. Public opinions voiced acceptance. ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$