专题 04 形容词副词专题-备战2027年高考英语语法一轮复习冲刺宝典

专题 04 形容词和副词专题--备战2027年高考英语一轮语法冲刺宝典 形容词和副词 adj.&adv. 在前面的三个专题里，我们讨论了名词、冠词和代词，现在该讨论修饰限定成分一形容词和副词了， 形容词(Adjective简称adj)，很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。形容词主要用来描写或修饰名司或代指表示人或事物的性质、 状态、特征或属性。 副词(Adverb简称adv)是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念，副词使用比较灵活，要注意副词在句子中位置。 因此，本章内容安排如下： 【课前检测】（5mins) 1.The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and _____ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 2. The Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ______ (sleep) while watching TV. 3.When he looked down, he ______ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. 4.Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental protection. Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ______ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. 5.In the last five years. Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ______ (high) mountain. 6.“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ______ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry 7.Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 　　　(wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.  8.Landing on the moon’s far side is　　　(extreme) challenging.  9. 　　　(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.  10.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 　　　(fine) work, so that he could choose the best.  11.As the small boat moved 　　　(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.  一、形容词副词的定义 形容词(Adjective)，形容词主要用来描写或修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或属性，常用作定语，也可作表语、补语或状语。 副词(Adverb)是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。副词可分为:时间副词、频率副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、表顺序的副词 二，形容词和副词的用法以及相互转化 1.形容词的基本用法 形容词修饰名词 说明事物和人的性质特征，通常单个形容词放在名词之前，或者系动词之后和不定代词之后 He is a really honest boy. There is nothing wrong with you. The old man was very friendly to us. 2.-ing形容词以及-ed 形容词的区别 (1)-ing 结尾的形容词 (如 delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving,surprising.worrying 等)主要用于说明事物)表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。 (2)-ed 结尾的形容词(如 delighted,excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。 That play is really exciting. He is interested in this film. 【过关检测】(3 mins) 一、单句填空 1. However, be _________(care) not to go to extremes. (2017 全国 I) 2. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a_________ (shine) object. (2017浙江) 3.Oliver says if you're____________ (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them if you can join in when it's possible. 4．Running is cheap, easy and it’s always____________ (energy). 二、单句改错 1. Mom was grateful and moving.(2016 四川) 2.I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out of a building. (2011陕西 3. I am awfully tiring, but I know I will never fall asleep.(2013 浙江) 4.The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.(2018全国卷 3.副词的基本用法 副词在句中一般用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，也可修饰整个句子。 You should think about this problem carefully.(副词修饰动词) He knew Zhoukou very well. (副词修饰副词) Obviously, you are wrong.(副词单独做状语，修饰整个句子) 【过关检测】(5mins) 单项填空 1．This new pop song reminded me of an old song that was (original) sung by Billy White but later made popular by another singer. 2．These act as emergency exits for creatures that (accidental) slip into the water. 3． (frank) speaking, I am a history lover and many influential figures are carved in my mind. 4．Although the two books are on similar topics, they are (entire) different in style and audience. 5．I find it (absolute) astonishing that you have decorated your room in this strange way. 6．The lecture that Professor Li from Tsinghua University gave this term was (particular) inspiring for my research. 7．When the teacher came in, everyone stood up (immediate). 8．The surface (frequent) features traditional Chinese designs like auspicious clouds and sky. 9．More (important), researchers discovered some stone tools had been processed with handles attached, marking the earliest known evidence of composite tools in East Asia. 10．Jade served in religious ceremonies, represented power and virtue, and finally (deep) influenced the spirit of the nation. 4.形容词变副词的转换具体规则如下: 1)一般情况下直接加“ly”。如: quick-quickly;: polite-politely: sad-sadly recent-recently 2)少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e。再加-ly。如 true-truly; due-duly 3) 绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如: polite-politely; wide-widely; wise-wisely; nice-nicely 4) 以“y”结尾的，且读音为 /i/， 先将"y”改成“i”，再加"ly”，如: happy-happily; heavy-heavily; angry-angrily; busy-busily 但是如果读音为/ai/，直接加ly.如: dry-dryly; sly-slyly ;shy-shyly 5以ic结尾的词，加ally如 economic-economically, basic-basically, scientific-scientifically; automatic-automatically; energetic-energetically;但是puplic-publicly例外。 6)以辅音字母加le 结尾时,去e 加y，如: simple-simply; considerable-considerably; terrible-terribly; gentle-gently; possible-possibly; probable-probably; incredible-incredibly 元音字母加le时加ly，如:sole-solely。但是 whole-wholly 例外。 7)以-11 结尾时，只须加-y，如: dull-dully; shrill-shrilly 需注意:有些以 ly 结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如 friendly people; motherly care; lovely dog; monthly exam; heavenly peace ☆高考中常见的形容词: regular official slow possible; great terrible lucky; recent gradual actual sudden soft mental warm merry 【过关检测】(3mins) 单句语法填空 1.Are you sure you locked the gate? You could___________(easy) have forgotten. 2.She found it difficult to get on with her,___________( possible)because of the difference in their ages. 3.I’m_________(true) sorry that things had to end like this. 4.We are all________(entire) responsible for our actions and for our reactions. 5.There have been some problems but________( basic) it's a good system. 6.She glanced__________(shy)at him out of the corers of her eyes. 三，形容词副词的比较级和最高级 1.形容词副词的比较级和最高级的变形 1)一般单音节词和少数以-er,ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加“est; ①单音节词。如: small-smaller-smallest long-longer-longest tall-taller-tallest warm-warmer-warmest ②双音节词。如: clever-cleverer-cleverest narrow-narrower-narrowest 2)以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较级在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st;如 large -larger-largest nice-nicer -nicest able- abler -ablest 3)在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est;如:big-bigger-biggest hot- hotter-hottest fat-fatter-fattest sad-sadder-saddest 4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est;如: easy- easier-easiest heavy- heavier- heaviest busy-busier- busiest happy-happier-happiest 5)其他双音节词和多音节词(一个元音为一个音节)比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加 most;如: beautiful-more beautiful -most beautiful different-more different-most different easily-more easily-most easily 注意:形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the 副词最高级前可不用。 The Yangzi River is the longest river in the world. 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。 It is a most interesting film. 6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。如 good/well-better-best ill/bad-worse-worst old-older/elder-oldest/eldest little-less-least many/much-more most far~further/farther~furthest/farthest 【过关检测】(3mins) 1. It actually means Hainan is now (open) to the world than ever before. 2．The goal is to lead by example in efforts to create more liveable and (green) urban spaces, in line with China’s commitment to be carbon-neutral by 2060. 3．Unlike past “China crazes” that focused on distinct Chinese symbols, this trend explores (deep) and more philosophical ideas. 4．In 2023, its music industry overtook France to become the world’s fifth (large). 5．She is much (happy) than before because she has made many new friends. 6．It’s high time that we took immediate measures to protect our earth from being ​(far) polluted. 7．Of all the contestants in the speech contest, the girl from our school expressed her opinions   (clear) and won the first prize finally. 8．The expert stressed that among all the living habits, sleeping regularly affects our physical health (great). 9．The more you practice speaking English, the (fluently) you will express yourself when having conversations with foreigners. 10．To win the game, our team needs to cooperate (close) than we did in the previous match against the strong opponent. 2.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法 1)“A+ be +形容词比较级+than+ B”意思为“A 比B 更......”。如: This book is thicker than that one.. 这本书比那本书厚。. 注意: 1.在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同-范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。如: Her friends are more than me. (误) Her friends are more than mine(=my friends).(正) 2.在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多”。如: An apple is much bigger than an egg 2) ”比较级+and+比比较级”或“more and more+原级”表示来越来越....如: The weather is becoming warmer and warmer 天气变得越来越暖和了。 Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 3)“the+比较级.，the+ 比较级”，表示“越.....越.....”。如: The more friends you have, the more you will get. 4)形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最......”的意思。如: Mary is the youngest in our class. 玛丽是我们班最小的。 5）修饰比较级的词:a bit, a little ，much ，far，still, even 等。 6)表示两者在某一方面相同时，用“as+形容词或副词的原级+as”的句型。如: This desk is as long as that one. He runs as fast as his father. 表示一方在某一方面不及另一方时，用”not so/as+形容词或副词原级+as”的句型，如: It is not as/so cold today as yesterday. He did not come as/so early as Tom. 【基础练习] I.单句语法填空： 1．It is expanding into wellness tourism by creatively combining local (agriculture) products with traditional medicinal herbs. 2．The centre will provide an effective method that enhances language learning with (advance) technology. 3．The new version adds a thick slice of creamy milk skin, creating a (delight) balance of sweet, sour, and milky flavors. 4．“People and nature as well as the cultural environment here are (fascinate),” said Francois Serneels, the leader of the tour group. 5．Its development proves that (region) growth does not always rely on traditional industries. 6．For Zhang, these details are more than just (create) choices; they serve as a living record of the history and everyday life that he knows best. 7．Key speakers like Gvantsa Jobava shared her opinions on how Chinese children’s books offer innovative and (access) pathways for cross-cultural exchanges between China and the world. 8．Transistors were smaller, faster, more reliable, and consumed far (little) power than vacuum tubes. 9．This is best done by working with the techniques every day rather than in short (regular) bursts, no matter how enthusiastically you do them. 10．He was so shy that he was (scare) of speaking in front of the whole class. 11．The company’s chief product and marketing officer, Julia Goldin, (previous) told BBC it viewed digital technology as an opportunity to “expand physical play and physical building”. 12．The scenic spot, which (main) consists of entertainment facilities and commercial projects, is a comprehensive tourism destination that combines leisure, entertainment, and shopping. 13．“The environment here is ideal and the climate is favorable, creating natural conditions (remarkable) similar to the wild.” 14． (fortunate), Guizhou’s unique geographical and ecological advantages, along with sound policies, have attracted numerous enterprises. 15．It contained 2,300 transistors — a number that seems laughably small today, yet it had (rough) the same computing power as the ENIAC, which had used 18,000 vacuum tubes. 巩固练习： 完成句子 1． We should not wear ________ ________ ________ (奇装异服) in public. 2．She likes ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (朴素而优雅的连衣裙). 3．Keep a ________ ________ (积极的态度) when you meet difficulties. 4．The rainforest’s different levels support ________ ________ ________ (各种各样的) wildlife.  5．Seeing the children ______________________________ (平安在我怀里，他松了一口气). 6．He looked ________________ (疲惫不堪，无精打采). 7．Reuben shook his hand ______________________________ (用力地，由衷地向他道谢). 8．Mia wrapped her arms around the woman’s waist, made a fist just above her belly button, and ______________________________(用力向上快速挤压了三次)。 9．I stepped back from my husband’s hug, turned from my kids, ______________________________(几乎不跟妈妈说话)。 10．The doctor asked the wounded person to take deep breaths, which made him ______ (逐渐放松了下来). 11．Hawking’s determination had helped him as a scientist. ________ (最重要的是), Hawking was willing to admit his faults. 12．Ms. Zhang ________________ (有着独特的创新方法) to teaching. 13．Studying the Dunhuang murals(敦煌壁画) _______________ (深刻塑造了我的观念) of ancient art. 14．Many people are _______________ (立刻被吸引) the bright-colored oil paintings when visiting the art exhibition. 15．The traffic was moving ________ (非常缓慢地) this morning. 拔高练习： A专项语篇型填空(形容词和副词) It's 1 _______(obvious)right to say that living in the city is _2_______( interest), but compared with living in the country, there are 3______( many ) unpleasant and annoying things, such as traffic jams. Air pollution is also a big problem in the city, especially in winter.4________( addition),the city is very noisy. Life in the country is _5_______(health)in many ways. I always want to escape city life to have a good rest and enjoy the6______( beauty) scenery in the country. 7_______, some people think country life is so slow and boring! Life is sometimes not_ 8______(convenience). As for me, I like the city for its9________(color) and good life, and want the country life for its quiet. When I'm married and have children, Ill move to the country while working in the city. I'm not so sure, _10_ B 语法填空 Passage1 We’ve all turned to sad music to make us feel 1 (good)at some point in our lives, but why does doubling down on the sadness help drag us out of the mire(泥沼 )？ A new study sheds light on what’s going on inside our brains 2 we match our music to our feelings. It looks like sad music can be enjoyable -rather than 3 (simple) depressing- because it triggers positive memories that can help to lift our mood. Psychologist Adrian North from Curtin University in Australia says there 4 (be)two groups of possible 5 (explain)for why we enjoy listening to sad music like this: one from social psychology, and one from cognitive neuroscience(认知神经学). In terms of social psychology, one way of 6 (think) about this is that we feel much better about 7 (we) if we focus on someone who’s doing even worse, a process known as downward social comparison. Everything’s going to be okay, because this person 8 (have) an even worse day than you are. Another theory from social psychology is that people like to listen 9 music that mirrors the tone of their current life circumstances -the songs act as 10 sort of tuning fork(音叉) for our own situations and they resonate(共鸣) with us. Passage2 I felt butterflies in my stomach when I started calligraphy class ten years ago. I wondered what I was doing there. At that moment, I couldn't have known that I'd just made one of the best 1 (choose) of my life. I sat down and listened to the teacher introducing the tools of the craft. Then 2 was the first time for me that I had tried my hand. I took up the brush, using the correct gesture, 3 (dip) it in the ink, and carefully wrote "one" 4 Chinese. Over 5 past five years, I have learned to make versions of well-known poems. Calligraphy seemed like a bridge, 6 connected me to authors from centuries past. Stroke(笔画) by stroke, word by word, I could feel their emotions, cherished my own peace and learned 7 (appreciate) my daily life. Now, calligraphy is not just a hobby, 8 a way to remove myself from the worries of life. Rolling out the paper, I can write for a whole day. Calligraphy 9 (able) me to balance my busy schedule and live 10 (peace). Passage3 Who is smarter？A human being or artificial intelligence？The question 1 （sweep）across the world when a Google-developed program called AlphaGo defeated the world top player. So，what comes next？ Some people are pessimistic，saying that the full development of artificial intelligence， 2 AI in short，could mean the end of the human race. So are we really about to live in the world 3 （show）in the Terminator（终结者）movies？ “Not quite，”answered John Markoff of The New York Times， 4 is optimistic about the future. “We think that，for the human beings，things like sight and balance， 5 （be）natural and ordinary in our life. Also，we humans are better at making 6 （adjust）to the surroundings. We have a long way to go before AI can 7 （true）begin to be similar to the human brain，even though the technology can be great.” Meanwhile，John Markoff said that researchers should build artificial intelligence to make people more 8 （effect）. “Our fate（命运）is 9 our own hands，”he added.“Since technology depends on the values of 10 (it) creators, we can choose to use technology to improve the world.” 参考答案 课前检测： 1.【答案】eventually考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。 2.asleep 3.【答案】accidentally考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。 4.【答案】meaningful考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。 5.【答案】highest考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。 6.【答案】largest考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。 7.【答案】wealthy　 8.【答案】extremely　 9.【答案】Certainly 10.【答案】finest　 11.【答案】gently　 基础练习 1．agricultural 【详解】句意：它正通过将当地农产品与传统草药巧妙结合的方式，拓展出健康旅游业务。空处作修饰products的定语，形容词agricultural符合题意，意为“农业的”。 2．advanced 【详解】句意：该中心将提供一种利用先进技术提高语言学习的有效方法。空处需用形容词advanced，表示“先进的”，作定语修饰名词technology。 3．delightful 【详解】句意：新版本加入了一层厚厚的奶皮，营造出甜、酸与奶香的愉悦平衡。此处需要一个形容词修饰名词balance，修饰物，表示“令人愉快的、宜人的”，用delight的形容词形式delightful。 4．fascinating 【详解】句意：旅行社负责人弗朗索瓦・塞尔内尔斯说：“这里的人们、自然以及文化环境十分迷人。” 本句为主系表结构，空前为be动词are，此处需用形容词作表语；fascinate为动词，修饰事物时用形容词fascinating“迷人的、极有吸引力的”。 5．regional 【详解】句意：其发展证明了：区域经济增长并不总是依赖于传统产业。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词growth，region的形容词是regional，意为“地区的，区域的”。 6．creative 【详解】句意：对张来说，这些细节不仅仅是创意选择；它们也是他最熟悉的历史与日常生活的鲜活记录。 空格后为名词choices，需用形容词作定语修饰名词；动词create对应的形容词creative表示 “有创意的；创造性的”，符合句意。 7．accessible 【详解】句意：像Gvantsa Jobava这样的重要演讲者分享了她对于中国儿童读物如何为中国与世界之间的跨文化交流提供创新且易于理解的途径这一问题的看法。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰pathways，access的形容词是accessible，意为“可以理解的，易懂的”。 8．less 【详解】句意：晶体管体积更小、速度更快、更可靠，并且比真空管消耗的电力少得多。句中出现比较级标志词than，需用little的比较级形式less，修饰不可数名词power。 9．irregular 【详解】考查形容词。句意：最好的方法是每天练习这些技巧，而不是偶尔突击练习，无论你做得多么热情。此处为形容词修饰名词bursts，regular的否定形式为irregular，意为“不规律的，偶尔的”符合句意。故填irregular。 10．scared 【详解】句意：他非常害羞，以至于害怕在全班同学面前发言。空格前为系动词was，后面需要接形容词作表语，表达人的感受。所给词scare为动词，意为“使害怕”，其形容词形式scared表示“感到害怕的”， be scared of doing sth.意为 “害怕做某事”。 11．previously 【详解】句意：该公司的首席产品和营销官朱莉娅·戈尔丁此前告诉BBC，该公司将数字技术视为“拓展实体游戏和实体搭建”的一个机遇。本空修饰动词told，作状语，用副词previously“此前，先前”。 12．mainly 【详解】句意：该景点主要由娱乐设施和商业项目组成，是一个集休闲、娱乐、购物为一体的综合性旅游目的地。本空修饰动词consists，作状语，用副词mainly“主要地”。 13．remarkably 【详解】句意：“这里的环境理想，气候宜人，创造了与野外极为相似的自然条件。”此处应为副词作状语修饰形容词similar，remarkable的副词为remarkably意为“显著地，非常地”。 14．Fortunately 【详解】句意：幸运的是，贵州独特的地理和生态优势，以及良好的政策，吸引了众多企业。本空修饰句子，作状语，用副词fortunately“幸运的是”，位于句首，首字母大写。 15．roughly 【详解】句意：它内部集成了2300个晶体管——这个数字在如今看来简直微不足道，但其计算能力却与使用了18000个真空管的ENIAC电脑相当。此处修饰动词had，应用副词roughly“大致地”，作状语。 巩固练习 1． a weird dress 【详解】句意：我们不应该在公共场合穿奇装异服。根据汉语提示“奇装异服”可知，空处可用a weird dress表达，作宾语，其中weird意为“奇怪的”，作定语修饰名词dress。 2． a plain but elegant dress 【详解】句意：她喜欢朴素而优雅的连衣裙。根据汉语提示“朴素而优雅的连衣裙”可知，表示“连衣裙”为dress，可数名词单数，需要使用不定冠词a修饰，表示“朴素而优雅”空处用plain but elegant作定语修饰dress，like后可接名词短语作宾语。 3． positive attitude 【详解】句意：当你遇到困难时，保持积极的态度。positive意为“积极的”作定语 ，attitude意为“态度”作宾语。 4． a/all/different variety/kinds of 【详解】句意：雨林的不同层次支持了各种各样的野生动物。“各种各样的”修饰名词wildlife，可用固定短语a variety of/all kinds of/different kinds of作定语。 5．safe in my arms, he let out a sigh of relief 【详解】考查形容词和固定短语。句意：看到孩子们平安在我怀里，他松了一口气。表示“平安”应用形容词safe，此处作宾语补足语，构成“see + 宾语 + 宾补”结构，表示“在我怀里”为in my arms；表示“松了一口气”短语为let out a sigh of relief，句子主语为he，谓语动词let用一般过去时。故填safe in my arms, he let out a sigh of relief。 6．washed out and listless 【详解】考查形容词短语和形容词。句意：他看起来疲惫不堪，无精打采。“look”是系动词，“疲惫不堪，无精打采”作表语，用来描述主语的状态，可分别用形容词短语washed out和形容词listless表示，用连词and连接。故填washed out and listless. 7．vigorously, thanking him profusely 【详解】考查非谓语动词和副词。句意：鲁本用力地握了握他的手，由衷地向他道谢。表示“用力地”用副词vigorously，修饰动词shook作状语，表示“由衷地向他道谢”译为thanking him profusely，本句已有谓语，这里thank用作非谓语，且和主语Reuben之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。故填 vigorously, thanking him profusely。 8．pulled upward sharply three times 【详解】考查副词、数词、动词短语和时态。句意：米娅双臂抱住那个女人的腰，在她肚脐上方握紧拳头，然后用力向上快速挤压了三次。表示“用力向上”应用副词sharply和upward修饰动词；表示“挤压”应用动词pull，此处与wrapped和made并列作谓语，应用一般过去时pulled；表示“三次”应用three times。故填pulled upward sharply three times。 9．and barely spoke to Mom 【详解】考查副词、动词时态和固定短语。句意：我从丈夫的拥抱中退了出来，转身离开孩子们，几乎不跟妈妈说话。表示 “几乎不” 应用副词 barely；表示 “跟……说话” 短语为 speak to sb.；句子描述过去发生的事情，谓语动词应用一般过去时，speak 的过去式为 spoke；设空处与前面的 stepped back from my husband’s hug 和 turned from my kids 为并列谓语，故需用连词 and 连接，故填 and barely spoke to Mom。 10．feel at ease gradually 【详解】考查固定短语和副词。句意：医生让伤者深呼吸，这使他逐渐放松了下来。根据汉语提示“逐渐放松了下来”以及make sb. do sth.可知，此空可填feel at ease gradually。其中feel at ease是固定短语，意为“感到放松”，gradually是副词，意为“逐渐地”。故填feel at ease gradually。 11．Above all 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：霍金的决心对他成为一名科学家起到了帮助。最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的过错。 根据汉语提示“最重要的是”，对应的英文固定短语为“above all”，作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Above all。 12．possesses a uniquely creative approach 【详解】考查动词、形容词和时态。句意：张女士有着独特的创新方法来教学。“有着”作谓语，可用动词possess，描述一般性事实，用一般现在时态，主语Ms. Zhang是专有名词，谓语用单数形式possesses；“独特的创新方法”作宾语，用a uniquely creative approach，其中形容词creative (有创造力的，有想象力的) 作定语，副词uniquely (独特地) 修饰形容词creative作状语。故填possesses a uniquely creative approach。 13．profoundly shaped my view 【详解】考查动词短语、副词和时态。句意：研究敦煌壁画深刻塑造了我对古代艺术的观念。表示“塑造我的观念”用动词短语shape my view；表示“深刻地”用副词profoundly，此处用于修饰动词shape，做状语；再结合句意可知，讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时态。故填profoundly shaped my view。 14．immediately drawn to 【详解】考查副词、动词短语和语态。句意：许多人在参观艺术展览时，会立刻被色彩鲜艳的油画吸引。根据汉语提示“立刻被吸引”可知，表示“吸引（某人）到……”常用动词短语draw sb. to，此处表示“被吸引”， 需用被动语态被动be drawn to，空前已有be动词are，因此用drawn to；表示“立刻”用副词immediately，修饰draw这一动作，作状语。故填immediately drawn to。 15．very slowly 【详解】考查副词。句意：今天早上交通移动得非常缓慢。“缓慢地”修饰动词moving，用副词slowly作状语，“非常”表程度，用副词very修饰副词slowly。故填very slowly。 拔高练习 Passage1 1．better 2．when/as 3．simply 4．are 5．explanations 6．thinking 7．ourselves 8．is having/has 9．to 10．a 【分析】这是一篇说明文。我们都曾在生命中的某些时刻通过听悲伤的歌来让自己好受一些，但是为什么更多的悲伤反而会让我们走出低谷呢？社会心理学有的派别认为是通过下行社会比较让我们感觉好一些，有的派别认为是那些悲伤的音乐让我们产生心理共鸣，所以感觉会好一些。 1．考查形容词比较级。句意：我们都曾在生命中的某些时刻通过听悲伤的歌来让自己好受一些。空格处单词位于系动词feel后，应用形容词形式。根据句意“让我们感受更好受一些”，应使用形容词比较级形式。且空格处单词与第三段中的“feel much better”呼应，故填better。 2．考查时间状语从句中的连词。句意：一项新的研究阐明了当我们将所听的音乐与心中感受配对的时候我们大脑里到底发生了什么。根据句意，这是一个时间状语从句。由于空格后句子使用的是一般现在时，所以空格处连词可以填when/as。 3．考查副词。句意：其结果显示：悲伤的音乐也能带来愉悦而不是简单地令人低落。空格处单词修饰形容词depressing，应用副词形式。故填simply。 4．考查主谓一致。句意：关于我们为什么喜欢听悲伤的音乐有两派可能的解释。这里使用的是there be句型，be动词与其后主语保持一致。句中“two groups of”为复数意义，故be动词填are。 5．考查名词的复数形式。句意同上。空格处单词位于形容词后介词前，应用名词形式。“explain（解释）”的名词形式为explanation，且为可数名词。这句话后列出了来自社会心理学与来自认知神经科学的两派解释，所以空格处名词用复数形式。故填explanations。 6．考查动名词。句意：从社会心理学这一派来讲，有一种思路是：当我们把注意力集中在一个比我们过得还惨的人身上时，我们会觉得好受些。空格位于介词of后，且think about是动词词组，所以空格处填动名词形式。故填thinking。 7．考查反身代词。句意同上。由于表语从句的从句部分主语we与about后的宾语指代的是同一类人，所以介词后宾语使用反身代词。we的反身代词为ourselves，故填ourselves。 8．考查时态语态与主谓一致。句意：一切都会好起来的，因为这个人比你过得更惨。这是原因状语从句，前半句使用的是一般现在时，所以从句部分也使用一般时态。根据句意，从句部分使用一般现在时或现在进行时都可以，主语this person是第三人称单数，故填is having/has。 9．考查介词。句意：另一个假说是人们喜欢听那些能反映自己现在生活境况基调的音乐，这些歌对于我们的境况来讲起到了类似音叉的作用，它们与我们产生了共鸣。“listen”是不及物动词，后边加名词时需要加介词to，故填to。 10．考查冠词。句意同上。空格位于单数名词sort前，空格前为介词，所以空格处需要填冠词。“a sort of”意为“一种”，为固定搭配。故填a。 Passage2 1．choices 2．it 3．dipped 4．in 5．the 6．which 7．to appreciate 8．but 9．enables 10．peacefully 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者从初上书法课的迷茫，到书法课成为自己身边必不可少的一部分的心理历程。 1．考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知，one of the best后加名词复数，表示“最好的……之一”，故填choices。 2．考查固定句型。分析句子结构可知，it is/was the+序数词+time that是固定句型，意为“这是第几次……”，故填it。 3．考查时态。句意：我拿起画笔，用正确的手势蘸了蘸墨水，小心翼翼地用中文写着“一”。结合句意可知，句中的三个动作take up, dip, write是连贯的、并列的，故时态一致，故填dipped。 4．考查介词。句意：小心翼翼地用中文写着“一”。分析句子结构可知，空处填介词，表示“用……门语言”用介词in，故填in。 5．考查冠词。句意：在过去的五年里，我学会了翻译一些著名的诗歌。over the past five years意为“在过去的五年里”，表示特指，故填the。 6．考查定语从句连词。分析句子结构可知，空处填关系代词，在从句中作主语，先行词是a bridge，故填which。 7．考查动词的固定结构。句意：我可以感受到他们的情绪，珍惜自己的平静，学会欣赏我的日常生活。learn to do sth.意为“学做……”，故填to appreciate。 8．考查并列连词。句意：现在，书法不仅仅是一种爱好，而是一种让自己摆脱生活烦恼的方式。根据句意可知，not…but…意为“不是……而是……”，故填but。 59．考查时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空处填时态，结合语境，此处用一般现在时，且主语是calligraphy，故填enables。 10．考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词，修饰动词live，故填peacefully。 【点睛】it的固定句型（和时间有关）总结： ①It is time (about time, high time) that…该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气。注意：常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should+动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“是（正是）……的时候” ②It is/was the first (second, …)time that…该句型应和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用哪种完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态来决定。如果是一般现在时，从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this替换，常译为“是第一（二,…）次…”。 ③It is …since…该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时和完成时，引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 ④It is …when…该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候，是……” ⑤It be…before…该句型主句中的it指时间，主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态，主句中的表语多是long, not long, 3 days, 2 weeks等表示时间段的词和短语。常译为“…之后才”，“没过……就……”。 Passage3 1．swept 2．or 3．shown 4．who 5．are 6．adjustment（s） 7．truly 8．effective 9．in 10．its 【分析】这是一篇议论文。谁更聪明？人类还是人工智能？AlphaGo在围棋领域击败了人类，但这能说明人工智能可以取代人类的大脑吗？不同的人对未来有不同的看法。 1．考查时态。根据从句中的“defeated”可知，此处的事情发生在过去，故主句应用一般过去时态。故填swept。 2．考查连词。句意：人工智能的全面发展，简而言之，可能意味着人类的终结。artificial intelligence或简称为AI。该空表示“或者”。故填or。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们真的要活在“终结者”电影里的世界里了吗？　　3　　（show）in the Terminator（终结者）movies是定语，修饰the world。the world和show之间是被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。故填shown。 4．考查定语从句。　　4　　 is optimistic about the future是非限制性定语从句。修饰John Markoff。引导词在从句中作主语，指人，应该用who引导该从句。故填who。 5．考查时态与主谓一致。句意：像视觉和平衡这样的事物在我们的生活中是自然的，平凡的。这里说的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词应该和things保持一致，故填are。 6．考查名词。空处在句中作making的宾语，需要用名词形式。故填adjustment（s）。 7．考查副词。空处在句中修饰谓语动词begin，需要用副词形式。故填truly。 8．考查形容词。该处考查make+宾语+宾语补足语结构，宾语补足语应该用形容词。且空前有more修饰，故该处填effective。 9．考查介词。句意：我们的命运由我们自己控制。表示“由某人控制”，应该用in one's hands。故填in。 10．考查代词。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词creators，故应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 【点睛】当所填的空在句中作谓语时，要从三个方面来考虑。第一：时态；第二：语态；第三：主谓一致。首先观察句子是否有明显的时间状语。如有，则根据时间状语判断句子时态。如果没有，则根据上下文语境来判断。其次，根据主语和谓语动词的逻辑关系判断句子语态。如果两者之间是被动关系，那么，该句则要用被动语态。此外，还要根据主谓一致原则，判断谓语动词的形式。例如，第5小题则可根据该规则来判断。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $