【春考特训课】第17讲：重点题型之阅读理解七选五---【决胜春考】2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（江苏专用）

第17讲 重点题型之阅读理解七选五 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 在英语高考试题中，“七选五”归属于阅读板块，在一篇约 300 词的文章中设置 5 个空白处，考生在七个选项中选择五个填入空白处的最佳选项，使补全后的文章前后连贯，结构完整，上下文意思通顺。“七选五”题型主要考查学生的语篇分析能力，检测学生对语篇的整体结构和上下文逻辑意义的理解与掌握，学生在解题过程中需要具备语篇意识，结合语篇结构、衔接手段把握句间关系与段间关系。文本的选材往往为真实的情境，旨在通过阅读渗透核心价值观，培养学生的学科素养，考查学生的关键能力。 年份 卷别 主题 话题 2024 2024新课标I卷 人与自我 使用英语词典体验 2024新课标II卷 人与自我 如何避免过度旅游 2024全国甲卷 人与自我 适度饮食 2023 2023新课标I卷 人与自我 自我宽恕中成长 2023新课标Ⅱ卷 人与自我 开启艺术之旅建议 2023全国甲卷 人与自我 培养耐心秘诀 2022 2022新课标I卷 人与自我 寻找健身小伙伴 2022新课标Ⅱ卷 人与自我 写文章修改文章建议 2022全国甲卷 人与社会 外出吃饭注意事项 2021 2021全国甲卷 人与社会 交换衣服派对 2020 2020全国I卷 人与社会 表情符号有助于职场 2020全国III卷 人与社会 乔迁聚会安排 【要点梳理】 考点一：文体特点 说明议论文 注意，第一段与后边段落中的总分结构，一个段落内部，论点与论据之间的总分结构；段落内部不同论据间的并列结构；不同论点之间的并列结构。做题时，我们要找到表示总分结构及并列结构的关键词，这个是方法的核心。 记叙文 注意记叙文是包括记叙和议论两个环节。所以需要分清楚哪里是记叙，哪里是议论。方法，记叙环节是过去时或者过去完成时；议论环节是一般现在时或者现在完成时。 考点二：主要设题类型及特点 七选五题型考查词汇、语法、语篇方面的理解与运用，尤其是辨析句与句之间、段与段之间的逻辑关系，把握衔接手段，促使语意连贯。把握设空处前后句的衔接词，往往是解题的关键，而常见的衔接手段有：代词、冠词和连词等，考生需要理解上下文语境，建立句间和段间的连贯语义，使其逻辑无缝衔接。运用词汇衔接，语法衔接，结构衔接三种衔接手段解决七选五难题。 该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。   （1）对文章整体内容的考察 （2）对文章整体结构的考察 （3）上下文逻辑意义的考察。 故设空处考察一般为以下三类： 1.主旨概括句（文章整体内容）。设空处常在段首或者在黑标题处。 2.过渡性句子（文章整体结构）。设空处常在段中或段末，附近常有反映文章的行文结构的词汇（首先，其次，再次等） 3.细节性句子（上下文逻辑意义）。设空处常在段中或段末，附近没有反映文章的行文结构的词汇。 考点三：解题策略 1. 析段内篇章结构，利用大局观助力解题 根据 2020—2024 年新高考英语的七选五真题，语篇结构意识是高考七选五重点考查的项目。高考七选五多选用说明文类文本，结构往往是总—分—总或者总—分结构，文章常有小标题分点阐述，考生可以较为容易地掌握文章的语篇结构，体现了高考命题的“基础性”。然而，近几年七选五的命题不满足于考查考生能否正确选出小标题，而将命题目光投向考段内结构，或者段间结构。以下以部分真题为例，探究如何用大局观巧妙解题。 2. 细心留意衔接词，衔接紧密才是硬道理 七选五题型考查词汇、语法、语篇方面的理解与运用，尤其是辨析句与句之间、段与段之间的逻辑关系，把握衔接手段，促使语意连贯。把握设空处前后句的衔接词，往往是解题的关键，而常见的衔接手段有：代词、冠词和连词等，考生需要理解上下文语境，建立句间和段间的连贯语义，使其逻辑无缝衔接。 3. 若无明显标志词，读上下文抓隐含逻辑 《新课标》指出学生应不仅能利用语篇衔接手段有逻辑地组织信息，也能使用恰当的句子、段落和篇章结构，增强文章的逻辑性。笔者对比分析了2020—2023年全国新高考Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷七选五题型的设空趋势与命题规律，发现命题趋向于考查过渡句，减少考查小标题句，尤其是在设空前后减少出现体现明显逻辑的标志词，需要考生运用辩证思维理解并把握上下文语义，重构语篇的逻辑脉络。 4. 小心甄别干扰项，同词同构可能是陷阱 笔者对2020—2023年新高考全国卷、2024年1月浙江卷和九省联考卷的七选五真题语篇与题源文本对比后发现，命题专家在对题源文本进行删减与改编后，常常将题源文本的部分删除内容改编成干扰项，因此干扰项往往具有极大的迷惑性。此外，命题人在设置干扰项时，常用“词汇复现”或者“句式一致”的手段迷惑考生，如果考生忽略篇章的逻辑语义，则容易误入陷阱，与正确答案擦肩而过。 【解题步骤】 1. 通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。 2. 详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。 3. 定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。 4. 通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。 5. 确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。 【解题技巧】 技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系 在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。 技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系 转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。 表示转折关系的连接词有：However, nevertheless, nonetheless, still；though，yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever，on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise，not...but，as well等。 技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断——例证关系 前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。 技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断——递进关系 递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。 技巧五：从词汇线索上判断——代词 英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。 技巧六：从词汇线索上判断——同义词/近义词 英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。 技巧七：从词汇线索上判断——上下义词/同一范畴词 上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。 技巧八：从试题位置上判断——问题在段首　 假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。 另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。 技巧九：从试题位置上判断-——问题在段尾 所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。 考点四：考法归纳 一、快速浏览全文，了解文章大意 ●整体把握：首先用几秒钟的时间扫读全文，判断文章的类型和结构，这有助于把握文章的总体方向。 ●理解主题：快速浏览标题、首段和尾段，以及每段的首尾句，以获取文章的主题和大致内容。 二、仔细阅读空白处前后文 ●寻找线索：仔细阅读空白处前后的句子，找出与空白处内容相关的关键词、同义词、反义词、逻辑关系等线索。 ●分析语境：理解空白处前后文的语境，包括话题、语气、时态等，以便选择与之相匹配的句子。 三、分析选项，确定答案 ●排除法：首先排除与文章主题、结构或语境明显不符的选项，缩小选择范围。 ●逻辑关系：分析空白处与前后文之间的逻辑关系，如因果关系、转折关系、递进关系、平列关系等，选择符合逻辑关系的句子。 ●代词指代：注意代词在文中的作用，通过判断代词所指代的内容，确定句子的正确位置。 ●词汇重现：关注选项与原文中词汇的重现，包括原词复现、近义复现、同根词复现、上下义复现等，这些都可以作为选择答案的线索。 四、注意段落结构和主题句 ●段落主题句：段落主题句通常位于段首或段尾，概括了整段内容。如果空白处位于段首或段尾，要特别注意寻找或概括段落主题句。 ●段落结构：了解段落内部的结构，如总分关系、分总关系等，有助于确定句子在段落中的位置。 五、代入验证，确保连贯 ●代入选项：将选定的句子代入原文空白处，检查是否与前后文内容紧密相连，逻辑通顺。 ●全文通读：完成所有选项后，通读全文一遍，检查整篇文章的连贯性和逻辑性。 · 【阅读理解七选五思维导图】 课堂精练 演练 · 2024·广东广州·三模 The teenage years are a transformative period marked by great physical, psychological, and emotional changes. 41 They refer to the feelings that arise during interactions with others, such as gratitude, shame, sympathy, guilt, and pride. Understanding and managing social emotions can help develop teenagers’ identities. Teenagers experience a wide range of emotions from social interactions, which significantly influences their self-understanding and social awareness. In the process, they learn to understand, and appropriately respond to both their own emotions and those of others. 42 In academic settings, social emotional competencies like self-regulation, motivation, and social awareness directly impact a teenager’s ability to learn, participate, and engage in school activities. 43 Teenagers with strong social emotional skills are better equipped to handle stress, resist peer pressure, and avoid risky behaviors, reducing the likelihood of developing mental health issues. Learning social emotions involves a combination of personal experience, guidance, and formal education. 44 This environment influences teenagers’ earliest understanding of how to communicate and manage their emotions. They feel safe and supportive to express their emotions freely and learn to manage them without fear of judgment. Schools also play a significant role through social emotional learning programs that teach these skills in a structured environment. Community involvement, extracurricular activities, and peer (同伴) interactions offer additional opportunities for teenagers to practice and refine their social emotional skills. 45 It contributes to a teenager’s ability to manage their own emotions, understand others’ emotions, and face social complexities. This learning is a cornerstone for shaping their identity, influencing their interpersonal relationships, academic success, mental health, and future life outcomes. A．What exactly are social emotions? B．The journey into mature emotion is quite easy. C．Social emotion learning for teenagers is essential. D．Central to this phase is the concept of social emotions. E．This helps shape their own personal principles and beliefs. F．Families play a crucial role in modeling and developing these skills. G．Moreover, social emotional skills are closely linked to mental health. 【答案】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了青少年时期是身体、心理和情感发生巨大变化的转变时期，说明了社会情感技能的作用和重要性。 41．根据上文“The teenage years are a transformative period marked by great physical, psychological, and emotional changes.(青少年时期是身体、心理和情感发生巨大变化的转变时期)”以及后文“They refer to the feelings that arise during interactions with others, such as gratitude, shame, sympathy, guilt, and pride.(它们指的是在与他人互动时产生的感觉，比如感激、羞耻、同情、内疚和骄傲)”可知，本句主要承接上文，继续说明青少年时期的情感变化阶段，故D选项“这个阶段的核心是社会情感的概念”符合语境，故选D。 42．根据上文“Understanding and managing social emotions can help develop teenagers’ identities. Teenagers experience a wide range of emotions from social interactions, which significantly influences their self-understanding and social awareness. In the process, they learn to understand, and appropriately respond to both their own emotions and those of others.(理解和管理社会情绪可以帮助发展青少年的身份。青少年在社会交往中体验到各种各样的情绪，这对他们的自我理解和社会意识有很大的影响。在这个过程中，他们学会理解并适当地回应自己和他人的情绪)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，承接上文说明理解和回应自己和他人情绪的作用。故E选项“这有助于塑造他们自己的个人原则和信仰”符合语境，故选E。 43．根据后文“Teenagers with strong social emotional skills are better equipped to handle stress, resist peer pressure, and avoid risky behaviors, reducing the likelihood of developing mental health issues.(拥有强大社交情感技能的青少年能够更好地处理压力，抵抗同辈压力，避免危险行为，减少发展心理健康问题的可能性)”可知，本句总结后文，后文主要说明了社交情感技能会影响青少年心理健康。故G选项“此外，社交情感技能与心理健康密切相关”符合语境，故选G。 44．根据后文“This environment influences teenagers’ earliest understanding of how to communicate and manage their emotions. They feel safe and supportive to express their emotions freely and learn to manage them without fear of judgment. Schools also play a significant role through social emotional learning programs that teach these skills in a structured environment. Community involvement, extracurricular activities, and peer (同伴) interactions offer additional opportunities for teenagers to practice and refine their social emotional skills.(这种环境影响了青少年对如何沟通和管理情绪的最早理解。他们感到安全和支持自由地表达自己的情绪，并学会管理他们，而不用担心被评判。学校也通过在结构化的环境中教授这些技能的社会情感学习项目发挥了重要作用。社区参与、课外活动和同伴互动为青少年练习和完善他们的社交情感技能提供了额外的机会)”可知，后文列举了学校、社区参与、课外活动和同伴互动对培养情感技能的作用，可知本句也是在说明会影响青少年情绪技能的环境。故F选项“家庭在培养和培养这些技能方面起着至关重要的作用”符合语境，故选F。 45．根据后文“It contributes to a teenager’s ability to manage their own emotions, understand others’ emotions, and face social complexities. This learning is a cornerstone for shaping their identity, influencing their interpersonal relationships, academic success, mental health, and future life outcomes.(它有助于青少年管理自己的情绪，理解他人的情绪，以及面对社会复杂性的能力。这种学习是塑造他们的身份、影响他们的人际关系、学业成功、心理健康和未来生活成果的基石)”可知，本段总结了情感技能的重要性，C选项中Social emotion learning对应后文It。故C选项“对青少年来说，社会情感学习是必不可少的”符合语境，故选C。 · 2024·重庆·三模 In modern life, stress has become an unwelcome companion for many. According to a survey conducted in 2023, 91 percent of adults reported experiencing high or extreme levels of stress. 46 One alternative gaining popularity is wellness tourism, praised as the fastest-growing sector in the travel industry. The change of scenery and adventurous nature of an active holiday can lead to an overall change in the dominant chemicals in our brain, triggering releases of dopamine (多巴胺). 47 We often see dopamine travel as a complete distraction from everyday life, which promotes meaning or growth. Besides, such a form of travel has been proven to increase feelings of well-being, as well as increases in general activity level. 48 This is particularly present for outdoor trips such as mountaineering or skiing where a sense of accomplishment can lead to long lasting increases in self worth and confidence. 49 Oliver Brendon, CEO of Attraction Tickets.com adds: “The dopamine travel trend is centered on immersing yourself in exciting landscapes, which is why the brightly-colored theme parks such as Walt Disney World and Universal Orlando Resort make such popular destinations.” For more mindful moments, surrounding yourself in nature can create a sense of adventure and escape unlike traditional wellness getaways. 50 Going sailing on the tranquil lazy river at Discovery Cove is another wise choice. A．Consider choosing experiences like swimming with sea life. B．Try riding the popular roller coaster at Disney’s Hollywood Studios. C．These benefits have been reported as lasting up to a long post-holiday time. D．This effect of certain holidays has coined a new travel trend — dopamine travel. E．As we struggle with this stress, promoting our well-being has become most significant. F．It’s evident that we are increasingly seeking comfort and refreshment in holiday experiences. G．Just as other dopamine trends encourage bright colors, our environments also play a, vital role. 【答案】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种新的旅游形式——多巴胺旅行，介绍了该形式的特点和好处，同时推荐了一些热门的景点和度假方式。 46．根据上文“According to a survey conducted in 2023, 91 percent of adults reported experiencing high or extreme levels of stress.(根据2023年进行的一项调查，91%的成年人报告说他们经历了高度或极端的压力)”可知，本句应该是引出“如何减压”这个话题。E选项“当我们与这种压力作斗争时，促进我们的幸福变得最重要”符合语境。故选E。 47．根据上文“The change of scenery and adventurous nature of an active holiday can lead to an overall change in the dominant chemicals in our brain, triggering releases of dopamine (多巴胺).(在一个充满活力的假期里，景色的变化和冒险的性质会导致我们大脑中主要化学物质的全面变化，引发多巴胺的释放)”可知，上句提出“多巴胺”，进而引出“多巴胺旅行”这一概念。D选项“某些假期的影响创造了一种新的旅行趋势——多巴胺旅行”承接上文，符合语境，故选D。 48．根据上文“Besides, such a form of travel has been proven to increase feelings of well-being, as well as increases in general activity level.(此外，这种形式的旅行已被证明可以增加幸福感，并增加一般活动水平)”可知，本题前一个句子重点描述了这种旅行方式带给我们的帮助是些什么。C 项中的“these benefits”承接上文，本句继续补充说明这种旅行方式带来的影响。C选项“据报道，这些好处可以持续到节后很长一段时间”符合语境，故选C。 49．根据后文“Oliver Brendon, CEO of Attraction Tickets.com adds: “The dopamine travel trend is centered on immersing yourself in exciting landscapes, which is why the brightly-colored theme parks such as Walt Disney World and Universal Orlando Resort make such popular destinations.”(Attraction Tickets.com的首席执行官奥利弗·布兰登补充说：“多巴胺旅游的趋势是让自己沉浸在令人兴奋的风景中，这就是为什么沃尔特·迪斯尼世界和奥兰多环球影城度假村等色彩鲜艳的主题公园成为如此受欢迎的目的地。”)”以及段落中的关键信息“the brightly-colored”可知，本段重点想讨论的是多巴胺旅行的特点之一是具备鲜明色彩的环境。G选项“就像多巴胺的其他倾向会促使颜色变亮一样，我们的环境也起着至关重要的作用”符合语境，故选G。 50．根据上文“For more mindful moments, surrounding yourself in nature can create a sense of adventure and escape unlike traditional wellness getaways.(对于更专注的时刻，置身于大自然中可以创造一种冒险和逃避的感觉，而不是传统的健康度假)”以及后文“Going sailing on the tranquil lazy river at Discovery Cove is another wise choice.(在探索湾宁静慵懒的河流上扬帆是另一个明智的选择)”可知，该空是举例说明多巴胺旅行的一种形式。A选项“考虑选择像和海洋生物一起游泳这样的经历”符合语境，故选A。 课后反馈 演练 2024·湖南·二模 The first way we learn to communicate is through body language — our facial expressions, our gestures and, when we’re older, our postures. Even after we figure out how to speak, this non-verbal communication still exerts (施加) a powerful and often unconscious influence over our interactions, people’s first impressions of us and even our impressions of ourselves. 36 . Change how you feel To de-stress: Forcing a smile can make running easier and tough tasks less stressful. One 2012 experiment found that a grin makes holding your hand in ice water more bearable. To feel more confident: 37 . Striking this so-called power pose shortly before an interview or athletic contest can be particularly powerful for women, who tend to sit and stand in a way that takes up less space. To persevere: 38 . In a 2008 study, students who sat with their arms crossed kept working on an impossible problem nearly twice as long as those with their arms at their sides. Change how others feel 39 : Studies show that holding someone’s gaze may help people think you’re trustworthy and intelligent. According to body language expert Carol Kinsey Goman, it can also make people think you’re a good listener. To foster connections: Mirroring the facial expressions and gestures of the person you’re talking to can help them feel more comfortable. One 2011 experiment found this is an effective sales skill. To engage or disengage: If you want to let someone know you’re listening, sit facing them with your full body, knees and shoulders pointed at them. 40 . A．To come across as sincere B．But if you want to spread tension, angle your body slightly away — facing full-on is confrontational (对抗性的) when things get heated C．Here’s how to use body language to everyone’s benefit D．Making your index finger (食指) and middle finger crossed can help you gather strength E．To inform people F．Standing like Wonder Woman — legs apart, hands on hips, chest up — may make you feel more powerful G．Crossing your arms across your chest can help you persist in solving a problem 【答案】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何使用肢体语言。 36．根据上文“Even after we figure out how to speak, this non-verbal communication still exerts(施加) a powerful and often unconscious influence over our interactions, people’s first impressions of us and even our impressions of ourselves.”（ 即使在我们学会了如何说话之后，这种非语言交流仍然会对我们的互动、别人对我们的第一印象，甚至是我们对自己的印象产生强大的、往往是无意识的影响）可知，上文说明了肢体语言的重要性，所以要如何使用肢体语言提出建议，且总起下文的标题。故C选项“以下是如何使用肢体语言使得对每个人都有好处”切题。故选C项。 37．根据上文“To feel more confident”（让自己更自信:）可知，选项承接上文说明那个动作使人更自信。故F选项“像神奇女侠一样站立——双腿分开，双手叉腰，挺胸——这会让你感觉更有力量”切题。powerful呼应confident。故选F项。 38．根据下文“In a 2008 study, students who sat with their arms crossed kept working on an impossible problem nearly twice as long as those with their arms at their sides. ”（在2008年的一项研究中，双臂交叉坐着的学生解决不可能的问题的时间几乎是双臂放在身体两侧的学生的两倍。）可知，选项与下文主题相关，说的都是双臂交叉在胸前有助于解决问题。故G选项“双臂交叉在胸前可以帮助你坚持解决问题”切题。故选G项。 39．根据下文“Studies show that holding someone’s gaze may help people think you’re trustworthy and intelligent. According to body language expert Carol Kinsey Goman, it can also make people think you’re a good listener.”（ 研究表明，和别人凝视会让别人觉得你值得信赖、聪明。根据肢体语言专家卡罗尔·金赛·戈曼的说法，它还可以让人们认为你是一个好的倾听者。）可知，本段主要在说要表现出真诚。故A选项“给人真诚的印象”切题，为本段的标题。故选A项。 40．根据上文“If you want to let someone know you’re listening, sit facing them with your full body, knees and shoulders pointed at them.”（ 如果你想让别人知道你在听，那就坐着，把整个身体、膝盖和肩膀都面向他们）可知，选项承接上文说明身体部分的姿势代表了不同的意义且与上文为转折关系。故B选项“但如果你想分散紧张感，那就把身体稍微向外倾斜——当事情变得激烈时，面朝全身是对抗性的。”切题。故选B项。 · 2024·湖北黄冈·三模 In our modern economy, accelerated learning can be crucial for success. Learning faster means gaining more knowledge—quicker than others. 16 Anyone can learn from them and accelerate their learning process with the following techniques. Combine Learning Styles That Play to Your Strengths When you aim to accelerate your learning, what you choose to learn should not be limited to a curriculum or classroom structure. 17 Different materials along with your learning style can accelerate or slow down your comprehension process. The best learning style is the one that makes it easier to process, or comprehend ideas, and subjects faster. Once you know your learning strengths and weaknesses, you can choose learning strategies that play to your strengths. Seek First to Understand The Basic Structure of The Topic You Choose 18 So you need to seek first to understand the basics. In other words, you have to get to know the tree’s root, trunk, then branch out from there. Don’t start from the branches or the leaves, pursue the root and work your way to the topic. Therefore, whatever topic you choose to learn or study, just start with the basics. Give Yourself Plenty of Time in Both “Focused” And “Diffused”(分散的)Modes Normally, the human brain is not meant to stay in “focused” mode for hours at a time. 19 Consequently, when your brain is active for a very long time, you’re actually blocking your access to the diffused mode — a more relaxed state. Therefore, diffused mode is just as valuable as the focused mode. So — just take breaks, let your mind wander, think about other things, and give your brain plenty of time to make better connections. 20 A．You can benefit a lot from staying focused. B．Smart learners don’t have any special secrets. C．You should try to choose whatever you like best. D．Every topic or subject has a logical structure to it. E．Then you can learn better by imposing breaks on yourself. F．Long-lasting attention to a single task can block memory and recall. G．You can practically choose content from many sources, experts, and authors. 【答案】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些技巧以帮助人们更加有效地进行快速学习。 16．根据空后的“Anyone can learn from them and accelerate their learning process with the following techniques. (任何人都可以向他们学习，并通过以下技巧加速他们的学习过程)”可推测，空处提到了一些会快速学习的人。选项B“Smart learners don’t have any special secrets.(聪明的学习者没有什么特别的秘密。)”中的“Smart learners”与下文的“them”保持一致，内容上也自然引出下文内容。故选B。 17．根据标题“Combine Learning Styles That Play to Your Strengths (结合能发挥你优势的学习方式)”以及空前的“When you aim to accelerate your learning, what you choose to learn should not be limited to a curriculum or classroom structure. (当你的目标是加速你的学习，你选择学习不应该局限于课程或课堂结构)”可知，我们可以选择学习课程或课堂之外的内容；而下文“Different materials along with your learning style can accelerate or slow down your comprehension process.(根据你的学习方式选择不同的材料可以加速或减缓你的理解过程)”则指出不同的学习内容选择不同的学习方式。选项G“You can practically choose content from many sources, experts, and authors. (实际上，您可以从许多来源、专家和作者中选择内容。)”与上下文内容一致，指的是选择不同的学习内容，并采用适当的学习方式。故选G。 18．根据下文“So you need to seek first to understand the basics. In other words, you have to get to know the tree’s root, trunk, then branch out from there. Don’t start from the branches or the leaves, pursue the root and work your way to the topic. Therefore, whatever topic you choose to learn or study, just start with the basics.(所以你需要先了解基础知识。换句话说，你必须了解树的根，树干，然后从那里伸出树枝。不要从枝叶入手，要追根溯源，直达主题。因此，无论你选择学习或研究什么主题，都要从基础开始)”可知，我们要了解自己所学内容的结构。选项D“Every topic or subject has a logical structure to it.(每个话题或主题都有一个逻辑结构。)”自然引出下文内容，指出每个话题或主题都有一个逻辑结构，所以我们应该了解自己所学内容的逻辑结构。故选D。 19．根据空前内容“Normally, the human brain is not meant to stay in “focused” mode for hours at a time.(正常情况下，人类的大脑不会一次保持几个小时的“专注”模式)”可知，人类大脑不会一直保持专注。选项F“Long-lasting attention to a single task can block memory and recall.(长时间专注于一项任务会阻碍记忆和回忆。)”与上文内容一致，指的是人类大脑不能一直保持专注，同时引出下文“Consequently, when your brain is active for a very long time, you’re actually blocking your access to the diffused mode—a more relaxed state.(因此，当你的大脑长时间处于活跃状态时，你实际上是在阻碍你进入扩散模式——一种更放松的状态)”。故选F。 20．根据上文内容“Therefore, diffused mode is just as valuable as the focused mode. So—just take breaks, let your mind wander, think about other things, and give your brain plenty of time to make better connections.(因此，扩散模式和聚焦模式一样有价值。所以，只要休息一下，让你的思想游离，想想其他事情，给你的大脑足够的时间来建立更好的联系)”可知，上文提出我们应该劳逸结合。选项E“Then you can learn better by imposing breaks on yourself.(然后你可以通过给自己一些休息时间来学得更好。)”与上文内容相符，指出休息会让学习效果更好。故选E。 【2024年新高考I卷】 Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 1 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. 2 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 3 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 4 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". 5 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A．I don't often use this dictionary. B．It takes no account of the context. C．But I still don't want to replace them. D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E．Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 【答案】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。 1．上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。 2．上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。 3．下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。 4．下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。 5．上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。 【2024年新高考II卷】 Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 6 Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 7 ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 8 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ● 9 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. 10 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A．Visit during off-peak times. B．So, should we stop traveling? C．Travel for you and no one else. D．Can overtourism be avoided then? E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F．You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G．Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 【答案】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。 6．前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions  and destinations.(旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行吗？”符合语境。故选B。 7．前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，符合语境。故选C。 8．前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”符合语境。故选E。 9．空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。 10．前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 【2024年浙江卷1月】 In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. 11 But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? 12 We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 13 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. 14 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. 15 A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. A．But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B．Your motivation should be your main concern. C．Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D．Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E．The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F．If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G．A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. 【答案】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的注意事项。 11．由上文“In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. (在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故G选项“A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. (一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 12．由上文“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (但是所有的在线课程都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑问，故F选项“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (如果你参加了在线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 13．由上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. (在线学习最明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习)”可知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，本空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题，故A选项“But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. (但这并不意味着没有最后期限。)”与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一句话，符合题意。故选A。 14．由下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. (他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩通常较低)”可知，本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题，故D选项“Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. (Alex Davidson教授亲自授课和在线授课)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代D项中的“Alex Davidson教授”，符合题意。故选D。 15．由下文“A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. (社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议，讨论课程概念)”可知，本空要说跟“人们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项“The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. (对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选E。 【2024年全国甲卷】 What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 61 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. 62 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 63 Control emotional (情绪的) eating. 64 Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. 65 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14-16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A．Eat properly throughout the day. B．We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C．Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D．Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E．Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F．For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G．That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 【答案】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了，在饮食上注意节制及其如何节制的方法。 61．上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. (基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物，你应该在用餐结束时感到满足，但不要太饱)”指出，进餐时不要吃太饱，吃东西要适量。下文“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. (但这并不意味着要告别你喜欢的食物)”指出，适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F项“对我们许多人来说，节制意味着比现在吃的少。”解释了何为适量进食。承上启下，符合文意，选项中的“means”与下文一致。故选F项。 62．根据上文“Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. (慢慢来。放慢脚步，把食物看作是有营养的东西，而不仅仅是会议间隙吃的东西，这一点很重要)”可推知，本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽，不要过于急躁。C项“不要在上班的路上急忙吃下一顿饭。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。 63．上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. (如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物。”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。故选E项。 64．根据本段首句“Control emotional (情绪的) eating. (控制情绪化进食)”以及下文“Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom.(我们中的许多人也会求助于食物来处理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊)”可推知，本段主要建议读者不要情绪化的进行暴饮暴食，要进行健康饮食。B项“我们吃东西并不总是为了充饥。”指出有些人吃东西并不总是为了充饥，引出下文有些人通过食物发泄情绪，符合语境。故选B项。 65．设空处位于段首，总结全段，下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day, Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. (健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以让你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食14 — 16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早餐。)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“全天合理饮食。”符合语境。故选A项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！共 23 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第17讲 重点题型之阅读理解七选五 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 在英语高考试题中，“七选五”归属于阅读板块，在一篇约 300 词的文章中设置 5 个空白处，考生在七个选项中选择五个填入空白处的最佳选项，使补全后的文章前后连贯，结构完整，上下文意思通顺。“七选五”题型主要考查学生的语篇分析能力，检测学生对语篇的整体结构和上下文逻辑意义的理解与掌握，学生在解题过程中需要具备语篇意识，结合语篇结构、衔接手段把握句间关系与段间关系。文本的选材往往为真实的情境，旨在通过阅读渗透核心价值观，培养学生的学科素养，考查学生的关键能力。 年份 卷别 主题 话题 2024 2024新课标I卷 人与自我 使用英语词典体验 2024新课标II卷 人与自我 如何避免过度旅游 2024全国甲卷 人与自我 适度饮食 2023 2023新课标I卷 人与自我 自我宽恕中成长 2023新课标Ⅱ卷 人与自我 开启艺术之旅建议 2023全国甲卷 人与自我 培养耐心秘诀 2022 2022新课标I卷 人与自我 寻找健身小伙伴 2022新课标Ⅱ卷 人与自我 写文章修改文章建议 2022全国甲卷 人与社会 外出吃饭注意事项 2021 2021全国甲卷 人与社会 交换衣服派对 2020 2020全国I卷 人与社会 表情符号有助于职场 2020全国III卷 人与社会 乔迁聚会安排 【要点梳理】 考点一：文体特点 说明议论文 注意，第一段与后边段落中的总分结构，一个段落内部，论点与论据之间的总分结构；段落内部不同论据间的并列结构；不同论点之间的并列结构。做题时，我们要找到表示总分结构及并列结构的关键词，这个是方法的核心。 记叙文 注意记叙文是包括记叙和议论两个环节。所以需要分清楚哪里是记叙，哪里是议论。方法，记叙环节是过去时或者过去完成时；议论环节是一般现在时或者现在完成时。 考点二：主要设题类型及特点 七选五题型考查词汇、语法、语篇方面的理解与运用，尤其是辨析句与句之间、段与段之间的逻辑关系，把握衔接手段，促使语意连贯。把握设空处前后句的衔接词，往往是解题的关键，而常见的衔接手段有：代词、冠词和连词等，考生需要理解上下文语境，建立句间和段间的连贯语义，使其逻辑无缝衔接。运用词汇衔接，语法衔接，结构衔接三种衔接手段解决七选五难题。 该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。   故设空处考察一般为以下三类： 1.主旨概括句（文章整体内容）。设空处常在段首或者在黑标题处。 2.过渡性句子（文章整体结构）。设空处常在段中或段末，附近常有反映文章的行文结构的词汇（首先，其次，再次等） 3.细节性句子（上下文逻辑意义）。设空处常在段中或段末，附近没有反映文章的行文结构的词汇。 考点三：解题策略 1. 析段内篇章结构，利用大局观助力解题 根据 2020—2024 年新高考英语的七选五真题，语篇结构意识是高考七选五重点考查的项目。高考七选五多选用说明文类文本，结构往往是总—分—总或者总—分结构，文章常有小标题分点阐述，考生可以较为容易地掌握文章的语篇结构，体现了高考命题的“基础性”。然而，近几年七选五的命题不满足于考查考生能否正确选出小标题，而将命题目光投向考段内结构，或者段间结构。以下以部分真题为例，探究如何用大局观巧妙解题。 2. 细心留意衔接词，衔接紧密才是硬道理 七选五题型考查词汇、语法、语篇方面的理解与运用，尤其是辨析句与句之间、段与段之间的逻辑关系，把握衔接手段，促使语意连贯。把握设空处前后句的衔接词，往往是解题的关键，而常见的衔接手段有：代词、冠词和连词等，考生需要理解上下文语境，建立句间和段间的连贯语义，使其逻辑无缝衔接。 3. 若无明显标志词，读上下文抓隐含逻辑 《新课标》指出学生应不仅能利用语篇衔接手段有逻辑地组织信息，也能使用恰当的句子、段落和篇章结构，增强文章的逻辑性。笔者对比分析了2020—2023年全国新高考Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷七选五题型的设空趋势与命题规律，发现命题趋向于考查过渡句，减少考查小标题句，尤其是在设空前后减少出现体现明显逻辑的标志词，需要考生运用辩证思维理解并把握上下文语义，重构语篇的逻辑脉络。 4. 小心甄别干扰项，同词同构可能是陷阱 笔者对2020—2023年新高考全国卷、2024年1月浙江卷和九省联考卷的七选五真题语篇与题源文本对比后发现，命题专家在对题源文本进行删减与改编后，常常将题源文本的部分删除内容改编成干扰项，因此干扰项往往具有极大的迷惑性。此外，命题人在设置干扰项时，常用“词汇复现”或者“句式一致”的手段迷惑考生，如果考生忽略篇章的逻辑语义，则容易误入陷阱，与正确答案擦肩而过。 【解题步骤】 1. 通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。 2. 详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。 3. 定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。 4. 通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。 5. 确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。 【解题技巧】 技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系 在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。 技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系 转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。 表示转折关系的连接词有：However, nevertheless, nonetheless, still；though，yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever，on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise，not...but，as well等。 技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断——例证关系 前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。 技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断——递进关系 递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。 技巧五：从词汇线索上判断——代词 英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。 技巧六：从词汇线索上判断——同义词/近义词 英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。 技巧七：从词汇线索上判断——上下义词/同一范畴词 上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。 技巧八：从试题位置上判断——问题在段首　 假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。 另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。 技巧九：从试题位置上判断-——问题在段尾 所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。 考点四：考法归纳 一、快速浏览全文，了解文章大意 ●整体把握：首先用几秒钟的时间扫读全文，判断文章的类型和结构，这有助于把握文章的总体方向。 ●理解主题：快速浏览标题、首段和尾段，以及每段的首尾句，以获取文章的主题和大致内容。 二、仔细阅读空白处前后文 ●寻找线索：仔细阅读空白处前后的句子，找出与空白处内容相关的关键词、同义词、反义词、逻辑关系等线索。 ●分析语境：理解空白处前后文的语境，包括话题、语气、时态等，以便选择与之相匹配的句子。 三、分析选项，确定答案 ●排除法：首先排除与文章主题、结构或语境明显不符的选项，缩小选择范围。 ●逻辑关系：分析空白处与前后文之间的逻辑关系，如因果关系、转折关系、递进关系、平列关系等，选择符合逻辑关系的句子。 ●代词指代：注意代词在文中的作用，通过判断代词所指代的内容，确定句子的正确位置。 ●词汇重现：关注选项与原文中词汇的重现，包括原词复现、近义复现、同根词复现、上下义复现等，这些都可以作为选择答案的线索。 四、注意段落结构和主题句 ●段落主题句：段落主题句通常位于段首或段尾，概括了整段内容。如果空白处位于段首或段尾，要特别注意寻找或概括段落主题句。 ●段落结构：了解段落内部的结构，如总分关系、分总关系等，有助于确定句子在段落中的位置。 五、代入验证，确保连贯 ●代入选项：将选定的句子代入原文空白处，检查是否与前后文内容紧密相连，逻辑通顺。 ●全文通读：完成所有选项后，通读全文一遍，检查整篇文章的连贯性和逻辑性。 · 【阅读理解七选五思维导图】 课堂精练 演练 · 2024·广东广州·三模 The teenage years are a transformative period marked by great physical, psychological, and emotional changes. 41 They refer to the feelings that arise during interactions with others, such as gratitude, shame, sympathy, guilt, and pride. Understanding and managing social emotions can help develop teenagers’ identities. Teenagers experience a wide range of emotions from social interactions, which significantly influences their self-understanding and social awareness. In the process, they learn to understand, and appropriately respond to both their own emotions and those of others. 42 In academic settings, social emotional competencies like self-regulation, motivation, and social awareness directly impact a teenager’s ability to learn, participate, and engage in school activities. 43 Teenagers with strong social emotional skills are better equipped to handle stress, resist peer pressure, and avoid risky behaviors, reducing the likelihood of developing mental health issues. Learning social emotions involves a combination of personal experience, guidance, and formal education. 44 This environment influences teenagers’ earliest understanding of how to communicate and manage their emotions. They feel safe and supportive to express their emotions freely and learn to manage them without fear of judgment. Schools also play a significant role through social emotional learning programs that teach these skills in a structured environment. Community involvement, extracurricular activities, and peer (同伴) interactions offer additional opportunities for teenagers to practice and refine their social emotional skills. 45 It contributes to a teenager’s ability to manage their own emotions, understand others’ emotions, and face social complexities. This learning is a cornerstone for shaping their identity, influencing their interpersonal relationships, academic success, mental health, and future life outcomes. A．What exactly are social emotions? B．The journey into mature emotion is quite easy. C．Social emotion learning for teenagers is essential. D．Central to this phase is the concept of social emotions. E．This helps shape their own personal principles and beliefs. F．Families play a crucial role in modeling and developing these skills. G．Moreover, social emotional skills are closely linked to mental health. · 2024·重庆·三模 In modern life, stress has become an unwelcome companion for many. According to a survey conducted in 2023, 91 percent of adults reported experiencing high or extreme levels of stress. 46 One alternative gaining popularity is wellness tourism, praised as the fastest-growing sector in the travel industry. The change of scenery and adventurous nature of an active holiday can lead to an overall change in the dominant chemicals in our brain, triggering releases of dopamine (多巴胺). 47 We often see dopamine travel as a complete distraction from everyday life, which promotes meaning or growth. Besides, such a form of travel has been proven to increase feelings of well-being, as well as increases in general activity level. 48 This is particularly present for outdoor trips such as mountaineering or skiing where a sense of accomplishment can lead to long lasting increases in self worth and confidence. 49 Oliver Brendon, CEO of Attraction Tickets.com adds: “The dopamine travel trend is centered on immersing yourself in exciting landscapes, which is why the brightly-colored theme parks such as Walt Disney World and Universal Orlando Resort make such popular destinations.” For more mindful moments, surrounding yourself in nature can create a sense of adventure and escape unlike traditional wellness getaways. 50 Going sailing on the tranquil lazy river at Discovery Cove is another wise choice. A．Consider choosing experiences like swimming with sea life. B．Try riding the popular roller coaster at Disney’s Hollywood Studios. C．These benefits have been reported as lasting up to a long post-holiday time. D．This effect of certain holidays has coined a new travel trend — dopamine travel. E．As we struggle with this stress, promoting our well-being has become most significant. F．It’s evident that we are increasingly seeking comfort and refreshment in holiday experiences. G．Just as other dopamine trends encourage bright colors, our environments also play a, vital role. 课后反馈 演练 2024·湖南·二模 The first way we learn to communicate is through body language — our facial expressions, our gestures and, when we’re older, our postures. Even after we figure out how to speak, this non-verbal communication still exerts (施加) a powerful and often unconscious influence over our interactions, people’s first impressions of us and even our impressions of ourselves. 36 . Change how you feel To de-stress: Forcing a smile can make running easier and tough tasks less stressful. One 2012 experiment found that a grin makes holding your hand in ice water more bearable. To feel more confident: 37 . Striking this so-called power pose shortly before an interview or athletic contest can be particularly powerful for women, who tend to sit and stand in a way that takes up less space. To persevere: 38 . In a 2008 study, students who sat with their arms crossed kept working on an impossible problem nearly twice as long as those with their arms at their sides. Change how others feel 39 : Studies show that holding someone’s gaze may help people think you’re trustworthy and intelligent. According to body language expert Carol Kinsey Goman, it can also make people think you’re a good listener. To foster connections: Mirroring the facial expressions and gestures of the person you’re talking to can help them feel more comfortable. One 2011 experiment found this is an effective sales skill. To engage or disengage: If you want to let someone know you’re listening, sit facing them with your full body, knees and shoulders pointed at them. 40 . A．To come across as sincere B．But if you want to spread tension, angle your body slightly away — facing full-on is confrontational (对抗性的) when things get heated C．Here’s how to use body language to everyone’s benefit D．Making your index finger (食指) and middle finger crossed can help you gather strength E．To inform people F．Standing like Wonder Woman — legs apart, hands on hips, chest up — may make you feel more powerful G．Crossing your arms across your chest can help you persist in solving a problem · 2024·湖北黄冈·三模 In our modern economy, accelerated learning can be crucial for success. Learning faster means gaining more knowledge—quicker than others. 16 Anyone can learn from them and accelerate their learning process with the following techniques. Combine Learning Styles That Play to Your Strengths When you aim to accelerate your learning, what you choose to learn should not be limited to a curriculum or classroom structure. 17 Different materials along with your learning style can accelerate or slow down your comprehension process. The best learning style is the one that makes it easier to process, or comprehend ideas, and subjects faster. Once you know your learning strengths and weaknesses, you can choose learning strategies that play to your strengths. Seek First to Understand The Basic Structure of The Topic You Choose 18 So you need to seek first to understand the basics. In other words, you have to get to know the tree’s root, trunk, then branch out from there. Don’t start from the branches or the leaves, pursue the root and work your way to the topic. Therefore, whatever topic you choose to learn or study, just start with the basics. Give Yourself Plenty of Time in Both “Focused” And “Diffused”(分散的)Modes Normally, the human brain is not meant to stay in “focused” mode for hours at a time. 19 Consequently, when your brain is active for a very long time, you’re actually blocking your access to the diffused mode — a more relaxed state. Therefore, diffused mode is just as valuable as the focused mode. So — just take breaks, let your mind wander, think about other things, and give your brain plenty of time to make better connections. 20 A．You can benefit a lot from staying focused. B．Smart learners don’t have any special secrets. C．You should try to choose whatever you like best. D．Every topic or subject has a logical structure to it. E．Then you can learn better by imposing breaks on yourself. F．Long-lasting attention to a single task can block memory and recall. G．You can practically choose content from many sources, experts, and authors. 【2024年新高考I卷】 Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 1 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. 2 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 3 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 4 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". 5 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A．I don't often use this dictionary. B．It takes no account of the context. C．But I still don't want to replace them. D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E．Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 【2024年新高考II卷】 Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 6 Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 7 ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 8 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ● 9 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. 10 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A．Visit during off-peak times. B．So, should we stop traveling? C．Travel for you and no one else. D．Can overtourism be avoided then? E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F．You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G．Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 【2024年浙江卷1月】 In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. 11 But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? 12 We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 13 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. 14 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. 15 A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. A．But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B．Your motivation should be your main concern. C．Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D．Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E．The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F．If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G．A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. 【2024年全国甲卷】 What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 61 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. 62 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 63 Control emotional (情绪的) eating. 64 Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. 65 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14-16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A．Eat properly throughout the day. B．We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C．Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D．Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E．Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F．For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G．That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！共 23 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$