2025届高三英语一轮复习名词性从句讲义

2024-11-25
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 高考复习-一轮复习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 48 KB
发布时间 2024-11-25
更新时间 2024-11-25
作者 Kent老师
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2024-11-25
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名词性从句 一.基本定义:名词性从句指在整个句子中起名词作用的从句。这种从句可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,所以这类从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 二.区分名词性从句的步骤:先找主句的谓语,然后分析。 1谓语之前的从句叫主语从句。 2谓语之后的从句按动词不同分为两种从句。如果谓语是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词,则其后的从句为宾语从句。介词后面的从句也是宾语从句。 3谓语是系动词(be动词或连系动词),其后的从句是表语从句。 4在主句中某个抽象名词后面的从句则为同位语从句。(但名词后也可能是定语从句,注意分析) 小试牛刀:写出从句的类型 What they are doing seems very important. ( ) 他们在做的事似乎很重要。 My hope is that he will be the best student in the class. ( ) 我的愿望是他能够成为班上最好的学生。 Nobody knows who he is. ( ) 大家都不知道他是谁。 I don't like the idea that money is everything. ( ) 我不喜欢金钱就是一切这一观点。 答案:主从、表从、宾从、同位语从句 三.名词性从句的连词 1.从属连词:that(无含义)、whether/if(是否) 注意:它们在名词性从句中不作成分。 2.疑问代词(也称作连接代词) what(什么)、which(哪一个)、who(谁)、whom(谁)、whose(谁的)、whatever、whoever、whichever。 (1) what用于询问事物、职业或做的事情,不体现选择的范围,不与of短语连用。它可以作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 (2) which用于询问人或事物,体现选择的范围,可以与of短语的连用。它可以作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 (3) who用于询问人,作主语、宾语、表语等成分。whom是who的宾格,作宾语。 (4) whose是who的所有格,作表语。 (5) whatever表示“任何......的事物”,是what的强调说法。whichever表示“任何一个”。whatever没有范围的选择,whichever有范围的选择。它们都可以作主语或宾语。 (6) whoever表示“任何人”,宾格是whomever。whoever作主语或宾语,whomever作宾语。 3.疑问形容词(也可以称为连接形容词)。 what(什么)、which(哪一个、哪些)、whose(谁的)、whatever(任何......的事物)、whichever(任何一个)。 (1) what修饰单数名词、复数名词,不修饰代词one。它不与of短语连用,不体现选择的范围。which修饰单数名词、复数名词、one。它可以与of短语连用,有选择的范围。 (2) whose可以修饰单数名词或复数名词。 (3) whatever和whichever都可以修饰单数名词或复数名词,但whatever不体现选择的范围,不能of短语连用,但whichever可以。 4.疑问副词(又称为连接副词) (1)when表示“何时”,询问时间,作表语或时间状语。 (2)where表示“何地”,询问地点,作表语或地点状语。 (3)why表示“为什么”,询问原因,作原因状语。 (4)how表示“怎样、如何”,作表语或方式状语。how表示“多么”,作程度状语修饰形容词原级或副词原级。 特别关注:疑问词引导名词性从句时在从句中要充当成分,它要放在名词性从句的开头。 4. 名词性从句要用陈述语序,语序为: 1. 连词+主语+谓语+其他 2. 疑问代词+谓语+其他 3. 疑问代词/疑问副词+主语+谓语+其他 4. 疑问形容词+名词或one+谓语+其他 5. 疑问形容词+名词或one+主语+谓语+其他 注意:时态是一般现在时,单个疑问词或疑问形容词+名词/one作主语,谓语用三单。 五.含有主语从句的复合句结构:主语从句+主句;主句(it作形式主语)+主语从句。 1. 定义:用作主语的从句叫主语从句。 2. 主语从句构成:连词+简单句。 3. 引导主语从句的从属连词有that和whether。that没有含义,在主语从句中不作成分,放在句首时不能省略。whether表示“是否”,在主语从句中不作成分,不管它在句中什么位置,都不能省略。 That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显,她们的确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。 Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 特别关注:if表示“是否”时不能放在句首引导主语从句。 4.连接词/疑问词(所有疑问词都可以引导主语从句) (1)疑问代词 What’s done is done. 事已成定局。(What’s是what is的缩写,what作主语,因为谓语be动词用了is) What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。(what作did的宾语) Which is the best of all those ways is uncertain. 所有那些方法中的哪一个最好还不能肯定。(which作主语,谓语be动词用了is) Which of the three forms a substance will take depends on the kind of substance,and on its volumes,temperatures and pressure.物质处于三种状态中的哪一种取决于物质的种类,以及它的体积,温度和压力。(which作will take的宾语) Who does the work makes no difference. 谁做这项工作并不重要。(who作主语,谓语用了三单形式does) Who he is does not concern me. 他是谁与我无关。(who作is的表语) Who/Whom you want to make friends with does not concern me. 你想与谁交朋友与我无关。(who作介词with的宾语,可以换成whom) Whose the cellphone is remains unknown. 这部手机是谁的仍然未知。(whose作is的表语) Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的事情就值得做好。(whatever作主语,谓语be动词用了is) Whatever he said wasn’t true. 他说的任何事情都不是真的。(Whatever作said的宾语) Whoever comes is welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。(whoever作主语,谓语要用三单形式,因此用了comes) Whoever/Whomever you invite will be welcome. 你邀请的任何人都受欢迎。(whoever作invite的宾语,可以与whomever互换) Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize. 你们中任何哪一个得第一名都会获奖。(whichever作主语,谓语要用三单形式,因此用了comes) Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪个哪个就是你的。(whichever作want的宾语) (2) 疑问形容词 What motive he could have had is not quite clear to us. 他会有什么样的动机我们不十分清楚。(what修饰motive) Which design is the best must be tried in practice. 哪一个设计最好必须在实践中验证。(which作定语修饰design) Whose fault spoilt the work must be made clear. 谁的错误破坏了工作必须查清楚。(whose作定语修饰fault) Whatever result we get must be checked. 我们取得的任何成果都要核实。(whatever作定语修饰result) Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪个队得分最多,哪个队就赢。(whichever作定语修饰team) (3) 疑问副词 When we arrive doesn’t matter. 我们什么时候到没有关系。(when作时间状语) Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。(where作地点状语) How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。(how作方式状语) Why he did it will remain a puzzle for ever.他干此事的原因将永远是个谜。 知识拓展 it作形式主语指代主语从句(此时if也可以引导主语从句) (1)It+be+形容词+that/whether/if/疑问词引导的主语从句.(在口语中that可以省略,其余连词不能省略。) It is wonderful that all of you have passed the difficult exam! 你们都通过了这次很难的考试真令人高兴! It is uncertain whether/if he can come here tonight. 他是否今晚可以来这里还不确定。 It is still open to question who is to head the group. 谁领导这个小组还未决定。(who作主语) It is not clear how accurate the results are. 这些结果的精确程度不清楚。(how作程度状语修饰accurate) (2) It+be+(修饰语)+名词(短语)+that/whether/if/疑问词引导的主语从句. It is a pity that you have missed the wonderful lecture. 你错过了这么精彩的演讲真遗憾。 It is a problem whether/if they will come. 他们是否会来还是一个问题。 It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet. 我们什么时候举行运动会还是个问题。(when作时间状语) (3)It+be+(not)+过去分词+that/whether/if/疑问词引导的主语从句. It is said that he will get a new job.据说他会得到一份新工作。 It hasn’t been decided yet whether/if we shall have a meeting this afternoon. 我们是否今天下午要开会还没有确定。 It has not been found out what particular properties this kind of alloy has. 还没弄清楚这种合金的特性。(what作定语修饰properties) (4)It is necessary/strange/important/natural+that引导的主语从句时从句用虚拟语气,即从句谓语要用should+动词原形(should可以省略)。 It is necessary that he should be sent there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去。 特别关注 1.主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。 Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗? Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗? Has it been decided where we are to hold the meeting? 决定了我们开会的地点了吗?(where作地点状语) 2.主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。 How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪! 六.含有表语从句的复合句结构:主句+表语从句 1.定义:放在be动词或连系动词(appear、seem、look等)后面作表语的句子。 2.表语从句构成:连词+简单句。 3.从属连词that、whether可以引导表语从句,if不能引导表语从句。 (1)that引导表语从句时没有含义,在从句中不作成分,通常不省略。 My idea is that we should do it at once. 我的想法是我们应该马上做。 (2)whether意为“是否”,引导表语从句时在从句中不作成分,不省略。 The question is whether he is honest. 问题是他是否诚实。 4.whichever、whoever、whomever通常不引导表语从句,whatever很少用于引导表语从句,其余疑问词/连接词可以引导表语从句。 What he wants to get is whatever you have. 他想得到的是你所拥有的一切。(whatever作have的宾语) The turning of the earth on its own axis is what makes the change from day to night. 地球的自传是由白天变成黑夜的原因。(what作主语,谓语要用三单形式makes)   The question is who/whom we should trust. 问题是我们应当相信谁。(who/whom作should trust的宾语) The question is whose the bike is. 问题是这辆自行车是谁的。(whose作is的表语) What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。(which作定语修饰road) The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。(how作方式状语) That's why I can't go with you. 那就是我不能同你一起去的原因。(why作原因状语) 5.just as表示“就像......”,as if/as though表示“好像”。   He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 It isn’t as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你离开不回来了。 He looks as though he was in great pain. 他看起来很痛。 6.because和why引导表语从句的异同点: 相同点:它们主句的主语都用it/this/that,都可以翻译为“......是......的原因”。 不同点:why引导的表语从句强调“前因后果”,because引导的表语从句强调“前果后因”。 He was ill. That’s why he was sent to the hospital. 他病了。那是他被送到医院的原因。 He was sent to the hospital. That’s because he was ill. 他被送到医院。那是因为他生病了。 7.It seems/appears that引导的表语从句: it指代某种情况,that引导表语从句(口语中that可以省略) It seems/appears that he is very rich. 他似乎非常富有。 特别关注 1. when引导表语从句时还可以表示“.......的时间”,相当于the time when。where引导表语从句时还可以意为“......的地方”,相当于the place where。what引导表语从句时还可以意为“......的事”,相当于the thing that/which。 That was when he did the experiment.那是他做实验的时间。 This is where he was born.这是他出生的地方。 This is what I want to know.这是我想知道的事情。 2.在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句,谓语动词需用“should+动词原形” 表示,should可以省略。常见的词有:advice,suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea等。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 七.含有宾语从句的复合句结构:主句+宾语从句(有时也有宾语从句前置的情况) 1.定义:放在及物动词、心理状态的形容词、介词或“及物动词+副词”类型的短语的后面作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。 2.构成:连词+宾语从句(从句一律用陈述语序) 3.从属连词that:that引导宾语从句时常放在心理活动类动词、表示“听、说、问、教”等具有肯定含义的及物动词后面作宾语。它没有含义,只起连接作用,在从句中不作成分,通常可以省略。 I think(that)he will invite me.我想他会邀请我。 特别关注:在正式文本中,下列情况中的引导词that不省略。 (1)介词except后面接的that引导的宾语从句。 He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。 (2)that引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语。 We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们呆在家里。 (3)引导词that的后面接了状语从句。 She said that if she came back early, she would come for the meeting. 她说,如果早回来的话就来参加会议。 (4)it作形式宾语。 I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。 (5)宾语从句中的主语是this/that或this/that+单数名词。 He said that this was not his book, but his sister’s. 他说这不是他的书,是他姐姐的书。 He says that that man will teach us English.他说那个男人将教我们英语。 (6)宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语。 I tell them that they must clean the classroom.我告诉他们必须打扫教室。 (7)一个句子含有两个that引导的宾语从句时,通常情况下第一个that可以省略,第二个that不省略。 He said (that) the book was very interesting and that all the children like to read it. 他说那本书很有趣,所有小孩都喜欢读。 (8)宾语前置结构(位于句首时)。 That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我们队会赢。 (9)that从句单独回答问题时。如: —What did he hear? 他听说了什么事? —That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试及格了。 4.whether和if表示“是否”引导宾语从句的异同点: 相同点:whether和if都可以把or not放在宾语从句的句末,通常可以互换使用。 He asked me whether/if I could help him. 他问我我是否可以帮他。 I don’t know whether/if he will come or not.我不知道他是否会来。 不同点: 1.whether可以直接接or not,if不可以。 Please tell me whether or not you agree.请告诉我你是否同意。 2.介词后面用whether,不用if。 It depends on whether he can solve the problem.那取决于他能否解决这个问题。 5.疑问词引导宾语从句的用法: (1)what作疑问代词时意为“什么”,引导宾语从句时可以询问事物、职业或主语所做的事情,在宾语从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等成分,它作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。what作疑问形容词时意为“什么”,作定语修饰名词。 I know what makes him so happy. 我知道什么让他这么开心。(what makes...happy是宾语从句,what在该从句中作主语,谓语动词用make的第三人称单数形式) I don’t know what he is. 我不知道他是做什么的。(what he is是宾语从句,what在该从句中作is的表语) Can you tell me what you are doing now? 你能告诉我你正在做什么吗?(what... doing now是宾语从句,what在该从句中作are doing的宾语) Do you know what color it is? 你知道这是什么颜色吗?(what color it is是宾语从句,what在该从句中作定语修饰color) (2)which作疑问代词时意为“哪一个”,在宾语从句中可以作主语、宾语等成分,作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。它作疑问形容词时其后要接名词或one。 I wonder which is Tom’s bag. 我想知道哪个是汤姆的书包。(which is Tom’s bag是宾语从句,which在该从句中作主语,谓语动词用了be动词的第三人称单数形式is) Can you tell me which you like better, surfing or skating? 你可以告诉我,冲浪,溜冰,你更喜欢哪一个吗?(which you like...skating是宾语从句,which在该从句中作及物动词like的宾语) We wonder which one is Linda’s mother among them. 我们想知道她们中哪一个是琳达的母亲。(which one...them是宾语从句,which作定语修饰one) 特别关注 which是在特定的范围内作选择,what是在一个相当大而且界限不清的范围内选择。 Do you know which the biggest animal on land is, the panda, the tiger or the elephant? 你知道哪个是陆地上最大的动物,熊猫,老虎还是象? (在熊猫,老虎,象三者之间选择) I wonder what the biggest animal is on land. 我想知道什么是陆地上最大的动物。 (在陆地上所有的动物中选择,范围太大) (3)who意为“谁”,引导宾语从句时用于询问人,在宾语从句中可以作主语、表语、宾语。它作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 I wonder who breaks the window. 我想知道谁打碎了这扇窗户。(who breaks the window是宾语从句。who在该从句中作主语,谓语动词用break的第三人称单数形式) I wonder who he is. 我想知道他是谁。(who he is是宾语从句,who作is的表语) Can you tell me who you hate? 你可以告诉我你讨厌谁吗?(who you hate是宾语从句,who在该从句中作及物动词hate的宾语) (4)whom意为“谁”,是who的宾格,在宾语从句中作宾语,不作主语。它作宾语时可以与who互换使用。 I want to know whom/who you are waiting for ? 我想知道你在等谁?(whom/who... for是宾语从句,whom/who在该从句中作介词for的宾语) (5)when意为“何时”,引导宾语从句时询问时间,在宾语从句中作时间状语或表语。 —Please tell me when you will come. 请告诉我你什么时候会来。(when you will come是宾语从句,when在该从句中作时间状语) —About in the evening.大约晚上。 —Please tell me when your birthday is. 请告诉我你的生日是在什么时候。(when your birthday is是宾语从句,when在该从句中作is的表语) —It is on April 16th.在4月16日。 (6)where意为“哪里”,引导宾语从句时询问地点,在宾语从句中作地点状语或表语。 —I know where he lives. 我知道他住在哪里。(where he lives是宾语从句,where在该从句中作地点状语) Can you tell me where she is? 你能告诉我她在哪里吗?(where she is是宾语从句,where在该从句中作is的表语) (7)why意为“为什么”,引导宾语从句时询问原因,在宾语从句中作原因状语。回答时可以用“Because+句子.”或表示目的的动词不定式。 —You must tell us why you are late for school. 你必须告诉我们你为什么上学迟到。(why...for school是why引导宾语从句) —Because I am sick.因为我生病了。 —I wonder why you come to Wuhan. 我想知道你为什么来武汉。(why... to Wuhan是why引导的宾语从句) —To visit my relatives.为了拜访我的亲戚。 (8)how意为“多么”,引导宾语从句时作程度状语修饰形容词原级或副词原级。它意为“如何”时询问方式,在宾语从句中作方式状语。 He was asked how serious the situation had become. 他被问起情况已经变得有多严重。(how serious...become是宾语从句,how修饰形容词原级serious) I want to know how fast he can run. 我想知道他能跑多快。(how fast... run是宾语从句,how修饰副词原级fast) —Do you remember how he came? —你还记得他怎么来的吗?(how he came是宾语从句,how在该从句中作方式状语) —Yes.He came by taxi.—记得。他坐出租车来的。 知识拓展 1. whatever作疑问代词或疑问形容词时可以引导宾语从句。 Give them whatever they desire.  他们想要什么就给他们什么。(whatever作desire的宾语) I will just say whatever comes into my mind.  我想到什么就说什么。(whatever作主语,谓语用了come的三单形式comes) Goats eat whatever food they can find.  山羊找到什么食物就吃什么食物。(whatever作定语修饰food) 2. whichever作疑问代词或疑问形容词时可以引导宾语从句。 Buy whichever is cheapest.  买最便宜的。(whichever作主语,谓语be动词要用三单形式is) Take whichever you like.  哪个你喜欢你就拿哪个。(whichever作动词like的宾语) I’ll take whichever books you don’t want.  你不要的任何书我都要。(whichever作定语修饰books) 3.疑问代词whoever可以引导宾语从句,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。它的宾格whomever也可以引导宾语从句,作宾语。 I’ll take whoever wants to go.  谁想去我就带谁去。(whoever作主语,谓语用了want的三单形式) She can marry whoever/whomever she chooses.  她愿意嫁谁就嫁谁。(whoever作chooses的宾语,可以与whomever互换) 5.宾语从句的时态呼应原则: (1)主句是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态根据从句的时间状语或句意来确定。 I don’t know whether he will come tomorrow.我不知道他是否明天会来。 I hear of that you bought a new bike yesterday.我听说你昨天买了一辆新自行车。 (2)主句是一般过去时,从句可以用与过去相关的时态,比如一般过去时、过去将来时、过去完成时。 He said he could do the dishes alone.他说他能独自一个人洗盘子。 He said he had worked here since 1949.他说他自从1949年以来他就在这里工作。 She said she would start at once.她说她将立即出发。 6.宾语从句的时态不一致原则: (1)主句是一般过去时,在以下几种情况中宾语从句仍用现在时。 (2)宾语从句是客观真理、自然科学现象、谚语等内容。 Once upon a time, people didn’t know that the earth moves around the sun. 很久以前,人们并不知道地球围绕着太阳转。 My parents told me that practice makes perfect.我父母告诉我熟能生巧。 (3)宾语从句表示反复出现或习惯性的动作。 He asked me when the train usually starts.他问我这辆火车通常何时发车。 (4)宾语从句的谓语在转述时仍然在继续,表示此刻仍存在的状况。(转述即主句含有tell,say等表示说的动词) She told me the other day that she is only six.几天前,她告诉我她只有6岁。 (5)从句谓语在讲话人讲话时尚未发生,从句可以用一般现在时或现在进行时,强调该动作与现在有联系,是之后会发生或要进行的动作。 I said you need to keep quiet if the red light is on.我说如果红灯亮你们就需要保持安静。 He said that he is trying to repair his car.他说他正在设法修理小汽车。 6.宾语从句虚拟语气 (1)wish接that引导的宾语从句时从句谓语可以用虚拟语气。 若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时。若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词;若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would (could)+动词原形。如: We wish that he didn’t smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。 I wish he had attended the lecture yesterday. 我希望他昨天出席了讲座。 I wish that I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。 I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。 (2)insist表示“坚持”,接that引导的宾语从句时,从句谓语用“should+动词原形”(should可以省略)。 I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。 He insisted that I (should) go with them. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。 注意:insist表示“坚持说”,接宾语从句时从句不用虚拟语气。 He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。 (3)order、command表示“命令”时,接that引导的宾语从句时,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成(should可以省略)。 He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。 The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告还押。 (4)advise, suggest, propose, recommend表示“建议”,接that引导的宾语从句时,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成(should可以省略)。 The doctor advised that he change his job. 医生劝他换工作。 They recommend that this tax be abolished. 他们建议取消这种税。 I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now. 我建议我们现在就吃午饭。 The committee proposed (that) Mr. Day be elected. 委员会建议推选戴先生。 注意:suggest表示“表明、认为、暗示”时接宾语从句,从句不用虚拟语气。 He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。 What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。 I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。 (5)ask, demand, require, request表示“要求”,接that引导的宾语从句时,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成(should可以省略)。 I ask that he(should)leave. 我要求他走开。 He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出场。 They require that I should go at once. 他们要求我立刻走。 I demand that John (should) go there at once. 我要求约翰立即到那里去。 (6)move表示“提议”,vote表示“投票”,接that引导的宾语从句时,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成(should可以省略)。 I move that we should accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案。 Congress has voted that the present law be maintained. 国会投票决定维持现在这条法律。 (7)urge表示“敦促”,接that引导的宾语从句时,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成(should可以省略)。 He urges that the restrictions be lifted. 他敦促取消这些限制。 He urged that they go to Europe. 他敦促他们到欧洲去。 (8)arrange表示“安排”,接that引导的宾语从句时,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成(should可以省略)。 He arranged that I should go abroad.  他安排我去国外。 I arranged that Tom(should) meet them. 我安排好叫汤姆去接他们。 (9)desire表示“希望”,intend表示“打算”,接that引导的宾语从句时,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成(should可以省略)。 She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。 They intended that the news (should) be suppressed. 他们打算封锁这条消息。 (10)direct表示“指示”,接that引导的宾语从句时,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成(should可以省略)。 The general directed that the prisoners(should) be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。 八.含有同位语从句的复合句结构:主句+同位语从句;主句的一部分+同位语从句+主句的其余部分 1. 定义:用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。该从句起补充说明的作用。 2. 用法:同位语从句的先行词是抽象名词,比如fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark,doubt等。 3.构成:连词+简单句。 4.从属连词:that、whether可以引导同位语从句,if不引导同位语从句。 (1)that引导同位语从句时没有词义,只起连接作用,不能省略。 They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。 (2) whether意为“是否”,引导同位语从句时在从句中不作成分,但不能省略。 I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。 5.大部分疑问词都可以引导同位语从句,但whatever、whichever、whoever、whomever通常不引导同位语从句。 You have no idea what I have suffered. 你不知道我受的苦。(what作have suffered的宾语) I have no idea what he is now. 我不知道他现在是做什么的。(what作is的表语) The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。(who作主语) The problem who/whom he would take the place of was discussed in the meeting over and over again.他将代替谁这个问题在会议上被反复讨论。(who作介词of的宾语,可以换成whom) With time going on,the doubt which of the teams would win disappeared. 随着时间的推进,哪支队伍会赢的疑问消失了。(which作主语) I have no idea what size shoes she wears. 我不知道她穿几号的鞋。(what作定语修饰size) I have no idea which city Amy likes best. 我不知道艾米最喜欢哪座城市。(which作定语修饰city) These coats are quite nice.I have no idea which I should choose. 这些外套相当漂亮。我不知道我应该选择哪一件。(which作should choose的宾语) The message whose responsibility it was was known to all. 大家都知道谁承担责任这条消息。(whose作定语修饰responsibility) We have no idea when Tom will arrive. 我们不知道汤姆将什么时候到。(when作时间状语) We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。(where作地点状语) It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。(how作方式状语) I have no idea why he is angry with me. 我不知道他为什么生我的气。(why作原因状语) 6.间隔式同位语从句:同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后,但有些情况下,由于句子结构的原因,同位语从句不紧跟在名词后,而被其他的词隔开。 The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。 7.先行词是suggestion、advice、order、request等名词,其后有that引导的同位语从句时从句要用should+动词原形(should可以省略)。 She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once. 她请求立即请医生来。 8.同位语从句和定语从句的区别: (1)先行词有区别: 同位语从句修饰抽象名词。定语从句修饰表示“人、事物”的名词、代词,也可以修饰抽象名词。 (2)引导词不同。 1)同位语从句的连词有that、whether、what、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、how、why。除了that以外,其他引导词都有含义。 2)定语从句的关系词有that、which、who、whom、whose、as、when、why、where。除了as、which引导非限制性定语从句时有含义,as可以翻译为“正如”,which可以翻译成“它、这”,其余情况的关系词都没有含义。(详见定语从句资料) (3)引导词的用法不同。 1)同位语从句的引导词一律不能省略。限制性定语从句中,关系代词which、who、whom、that作宾语时通常可以省略。 2)关系副词when要修饰时间名词,where要修饰地点名词,why修饰原因名词(reason),而同位语从句没有这些限制,统一修饰抽象名词。 The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。(同位语从句,that作成分,不能省略) The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. 他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。 (定语从句,that在从句中作told的宾语,可以省略) I'll never forget the day when ( = on which ) we met for the first time . 我将不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。(定语从句) I have no idea when we met for the first time. 我不知道我们第一次是在什么时候见面的。 (同位语从句) 9.表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词suggestion/advice、order、request、desire等后面接that引导的同位语从句时,从句谓语用虚拟语气结构should+动词原形(should可以省略)。 This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 这就是我们唯一的请求:尽快解决这个问题。 The boss gave order that the work (should) be finished this weekend. 老板下令这周末完成这项工作。 9. 共性:主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的时态遵循呼应原则。 (1)主句用一般现在时,从句时态由自身情况而定。 (2)主从句都可以用过去范畴的时态。(参考上面的例句) 8 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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2025届高三英语一轮复习名词性从句讲义
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2025届高三英语一轮复习名词性从句讲义
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