专题49 被动语态的用法（精讲课件）-备战2025年中考英语语法复习全攻略（全国通用）

被动语态的用法 初中英语语法课件 ENGLISH LESSON 英 英 语 语 堂 堂 课 课 目录 被动语态的用法 01 主动语态和被动语态的转化 02 被动语态 的用法 01 强调动作的承受者  主语应该是说话者要突出强调的重点。如果我们感兴趣的重点是动作的承受者(宾语)，就用被动语态将其宾语变为主语，使其突出。  Many houses were destroyed in the earthquake of April 20, 2013 in Ya’ an. 2013年4月20日在雅安的地震中很多房屋被损坏了。 强调 destroy的承受者 many houses 说话者不知道动作的执行者，或者认为没有必要指出。 Do you know when the first train was produced in China? 你知道中国的第一辆火车是什么时候制造的吗?  The house is being repaired. 这座房子正在修缮中。 没有必要指出动作的执行者 被动句有时不用 by短语，因为使用被动句多因动作执行者不明确或者不重要，但是有时也用 by短语来强调或突出重要的、新的信息。 The beautiful gift was given by my grandfather. 这份精美的礼物是我爷爷给我的。 强调动作的执行者 强调 give 的发出者 grandfather 主动语态和 被动语态的转化 02 步骤 1 主动语态转化为被动语态的步骤 They built a new school last year. A new school was built by them last year.‌ 将主动语态的宾语(a new school) 作被动语态的主语(A new school) 步骤 2 主动语态转化为被动语态的步骤  谓语动词变为“ be+及物动词的过去分词( was built)”，并通过 be的变化来表现出不同的时态(词句为过去时）。 They built a new school last year. A new school was built by them last year.‌ 步骤 3 主动语态转化为被动语态的步骤  主动语态的主语变为介词 by的宾语( by Bruce)，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时 by短语可以省略) They built a new school last year. A new school was built by them last year.‌ 步骤 4 主动语态转化为被动语态的步骤  其他的成分( last year)不变。 They built a new school last year. A new school was built by them last year.‌ 主动语态转化为被动语态的各种情况 （1）主语 + 谓语 + 宾语… 主语+ be done (+ by…) Mary broke the cup. 主语 谓语 宾语 The cup was broken by Mary. 原宾语 be+过去分词 by+施动者 主动语态 被动语态 12 主动语态转化为被动语态的各种情况 (2)A.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 主语+ be done+直接宾语(+ by...) They gave the children many good books. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语   The children were given many good books. 原间接宾语 be+过去分词 原直接宾语 主动语态 被动语态 13 主动语态转化为被动语态的各种情况 (2)B. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语   主语+ be done to/ for+间接宾语(+ by...) They gave the children many good books. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 Many good books were given to the children. 原直接宾语 be+过去分词+ to 原间接宾语 主动语态 被动语态 14 主动语态转化为被动语态的各种情况 (3)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语   主语+ be done+主语补足语(+ by…) We made Mr. White leader of the team. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 Mr. White was made leader of the team. 原宾语 be+过去分词 原宾语补足语 主动语态 被动语态 15 主动语态转化为被动语态的各种情况  (4)A. 主语+谓语+宾语从句…   It+ be done+原来的宾语从句… They say that Nell is one of the richest people. 主语 谓语 宾语从句 It is said that Nell is one of the richest people. be+过去分词 原宾语从句 主动语态 被动语态 16 主动语态转化为被动语态的各种情况  B. 主语+谓语(+宾语从句的连接词)+从句的主语+从句的谓语… 主语+ be done+不定式 to do… We believed that he would succeed. 主语 谓语 从句的主语 从句的谓语 He was believed to succeed. 主语 be done 不定式 主动语态 被动语态 17 主动语态转化为被动语态的各种情况 (5)祈使句：谓语+宾语…   Let+宾语+ be done... Keep the book where it is. 谓语 宾语 Let the book be kept where it is. 原宾语 be+过去分词 主动语态 被动语态 18 practice 1．The telephone ________ by Alexander Graharm Bell. A．was invented B．invent C．is inventing 2．—Mom, may I go shopping with my friends this afternoon? —Sorry. You can’t go out unless your homework ________. A．has completed B．is completed C．will be completed 3．—Why have I never seen this kind of 5G mobile phone? —Because it ________ by Huawei last week. A．was produced B．produced C．has produced D．was producing A B A 19 practice 4．A large number of engineers ________ to Africa by our government to help the people there every year. A．have sent B．are sent C．were sent D．send 5．—Why not get your ears ________? —As a student, I’m not ________. A．pierce; allowed B．pierced; allowing C．pierce; allowing D．pierced; allowed 6．In 1958, Pinyin ________ by a Chinese linguist and his team. A．designs B．is designed C．designed D．was designed B D D 20 7．I don’t know if Tom ________ to the meeting tomorrow. A．invites B．will invite to C．will be invited D．is invited 8．—Can I smoke in the hallways? —Sorry, it ________. A．isn’t allowed B．isn’t allowing C．doesn’t allow D．aren’t allowed 9．— Oh, the room is too dirty, Tony! — Sorry, Mom. It ________ yesterday. I forgot to do it. A．didn’t clean B．isn’t cleaned C．cleaned D．wasn’t cleaned 10．More attention should ________ to our pronunciation. A．pay B．be paid C．paying D．be practice C A D 21 practice 11．—Have you finished your fashion design? —Not yet. I’ll finish it if I ________ ten more minutes. A．will be given B．give C．will give D．am given 12．Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they ________ into school. A．introduce B．had introduced C．were introduced 13．—Where will the 2028 Olympics ________? —It will be in Los Angeles, USA． A．count down B．care about C．take place D．carry out D C C 22 THE END 23 $$