专题48 被动语态的构成（精讲课件）-备战2025年中考英语语法复习全攻略（全国通用）

被动语态的构成 初中英语语法课件 ENGLISH LESSON 英 英 语 语 堂 堂 课 课 contents 目录 01 被动语态与主动语态的关系 02 各种时态及情态动词的被动语态 03 被动语态的各种句式 04 情态动词的被动语态的句式 被动语态与主动语态的关系 PART ONE 3 语 态 语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子中主语和谓语动词的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。 4 主动语态 强调动作发出者 被动语态 强调受到动作影响的对象 We use electricity to run machines. 我们用电力来开动机器。 Electricity is used to run machines. 电力被我们用来 开动机器。‌ 5 主动语态 强调动作发出者 被动语态 强调受到动作影响的对象 Our school will hold a sports meeting next week. 我们学校下星期 举行运动会。 The school sports meeting will be held next week. 校运动会将在 下星期举行。 主动语态 强调动作发出者 被动语态 强调受到动作影响的对象 They are painting the house. 他们正在粉刷房子。 The house is being painted. 房子正在被粉刷。 7 由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。 助动词 be有时态、人称和数的变化。   助动词 be后与及物动词的过去分词构成被动结构，而不是与动词的过去式构成被动结构。 1 2 3 TIPS- 被动语态的特征 8 各种时态及情态动词的被动语态 PART two 9 名称 构成 以动词eat为例 一般现在时 is/ am/ are+P. P. is/ am/ are+ eaten 一般过去时 was/ were+P. P. was/ were+ eaten 一般将来时 will/ shall be+P. P. is/ am/ are going to be+P. P. will/ shall be+ eaten is/ am/ are going to be+ eaten 过去将来时 would/ should+ be+P. P. would/ should+ be+ eaten 现在进行时 is/ am/ are+ being+P. P. is/ am/ are+ being+ eaten 过去进行时 was/ were+ being+P. P. was/ were+ being+ given 现在完成时 have/ has been+P. P. have/ has been+ eaten 过去完成时 had been+P. P. had been+ eaten 含情态动词 的被动语态 情态动词+ be+P. P. 情态动词+ be+ eaten 10 被动语态‌：The classroom is cleaned every day. ‌ 教室每天都被打扫。 一般现在时‌： 一般过去时： 一般将来时： 被动语态‌：The cake was eaten by my brother. 蛋糕被我弟弟给吃了。 ‌ 被动语态‌：The report will be finished tomorrow. 报告将在明天完成‌ 。 ‌ 11 被动语态‌：I thought the work would be finished by 6 pm. 我认为工作将在下午六点前完成‌。 过去将来时‌： 现在进行时： 过去进行时： 被动语态‌：The flowers are being watered by my mom. 花儿正在被我妈妈浇水‌。‌ 被动语态‌：She told me that a new bridge was being built. 她 告诉我正在建一座新的桥‌。 ‌ 12 被动语态‌： The letter has been received. 信已经被收到了‌。 现在完成时： 过去完成时： 被动语态‌：he cake had been eaten before I arrived at the party. 在我到达派对之前,蛋糕已经被吃掉了。 含情态动词的被动语态： 被动语态‌：The work must be finished by Friday. 工作必须在周五之前被完成。  13 被动语态的 各种句式 PART three 14 句式 结构 肯定句式 主语+ be+过去分词+( by…). 否定句式 主语+ be+ not+过去分词+( by…). 一般疑问句式 Be+主语+过去分词+( by…)? 特殊疑问句式 特殊疑问词(不作主语)+be+主语+过去分词+( by…)? 特殊疑问词(作主语)+be+过去分词+( by…)? 15   — Have you heard about that car accident near the school? 你听说学校附近的那场车祸了吗? — Yes, luckily no one was hurt. 是的，幸运的是没有人受伤。  A road has been built by the government.  一条道路已经被政府修建了。   一般过去时的被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态 被动语态的肯定句式:主语+ be+过去分词+( by…).     一般现在时的被动语态 现在进行时的被动语态 I am not invited to go to the party by my friend.    我没有被朋友邀请去参加聚会。   My bike isn't being repaired by Tom now.    我的自行车现在没有被汤姆修理。   被动语态的否定句式:主语+ be+ not+过去分词+( by…).     一般现在时的被动语态 现在进行时的被动语态 Are they used for posting letters? 它们被用来邮递信件吗? Are trees being planted over there by them? 那边的树正在被他们种植吗?   被动语态的一般疑问句式： Be+主语+过去分词+( by…)?     一般过去时的被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态 When was the basketball team set up? 这支篮球队是什么时候成立的? How many man- made satellites have been sent up into space? 已经有多少颗人造卫星被发射升空? 被动语态的特殊疑问句式： ①特殊疑问词(不作主语)+be+主语+过去分词(+by…)? ②特殊疑问词(作主语)+ be+过去分词+( by…)? 情态动词的被动语态的句式 PART FOUR 20 句式 结构 肯定句式 主语+情态动词+ be+过去分词+( by…). 否定句式 主语+情态动词+ not+ be+过去分词+( by...). 一般疑问句式 情态动词+主语+ be+过去分词+( by…)? 特殊疑问句式 特殊疑问词(不作主语)+情态动词+主语+ be+过去分词 +( by...)? 特殊疑问词(作主语)+情态动词+ be+过去分词+( by...)? 21     The project must be finished by the end of this week.   这个项目这个周末前必须完成。   Such work can be done in an hour or so by her.   这样的工作她能在一小时左右做完。   情态动词的肯定句式：主语+情态动词+ be+过去分词+( by…).     These clothes needn't be washed. 这些衣服不必洗。 These books mustn't be lent to others. 这些书不能借给别人。   情态动词的否定句式:主语+情态动词+ not+ be+过去分词+( by…).         Should I be allowed to make my own decision? 应该允许我自己做决定吗? Can the homework be done in class? 这些家庭作业能在课堂上完成吗?    情态动词的一般疑问句式：情态动词+主语+ be+过去分词+( by…)?     When must this work be done? 这项工作必须在什么时候完成? Who might be elected president of the university? 谁可能被选为这所大学的校长?   情态动词的特殊疑问句式： ①特殊疑问词(不作主语)+情态动词+主语+ be+过去分词(+ by…)? ②特殊疑问词(作主语)+情态动词+ be+过去分词(+ by…)? practice 1．It’s wrong that the children ________ all day. A．make to study B．make studying C．are made studying D．are made to study 2．The garden is more and more beautiful because many flowers ____ every year. A．are planted B．planted C．were planting 3．Do you think that the bridge ________ in a year? A．would be completed B．will be completed C．had been completed D．is being completed 4．—I’m a bit forgetful and I’m afraid I will forget the meeting time. —Don’t be worried. You ________ of the time before it. A．will remind B．are reminded C．remind D．will be reminded D A B D 26 5．Paper ________ in ancient China more than 2,000 years ago. A．is invented B．was invented C．invented 6．There’s no doubt that poisonous capsules will appear again unless the producers ________ strictly. A．have punished B．punish C．are punished D．are punishing 7．—Mmm ..., so delicious. What is it? —It ________ jiaozi, one of the Chinese traditional dumplings in North China. A．calls B．is called C．called D．was called 8．—________ I take photos here? —Sorry, you can’t. It’s not ________ in the museum. A．Must; allow B．Can; allowing C．Can; allowed B C B C 27 9．The fish ______ in the market tomorrow. A．will sell B．will sold C．will be sold D．will been sold 10．A new bridge ________ in our city next year. A．will build B．will be built C．is built 11．—Don’t come into my bedroom unless you ________ to. —All right, sister. If I knock at the door first, can I? A．are asking B．ask C．will ask D．are asked 12．To many people’s surprise, the PRC ________. A．found B．was founding C．was founded D．founded 13．People say a new railway station ________ next year. A．will build B．builds C．is built D．will be built C B D C D 28 THE END $$