期末专项：阅读理解课件- 2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语上册

八上期末专项 阅读理解 Sample Text. 判断型 能根据上下文和构词法推断、判断题干或选项的正误 选择型 能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息 排序型 能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节， 预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局 匹配性 能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义 填空型 能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系 01 02 03 04 05 06 阅读理解题型 回答问题型 能够概括理解文章主题，理解作者意图 2 04 05 06 01 02 03 说明文、议论文为主 说明文、记叙文为主 阅读理解文章类型 Science Society culture Customs History Stories 3 细节理解题 questions of details 01 02 03 04 词义猜测题 words in context 推理判断题 questions of inference 主旨归纳题 main idea 判断题目类型 做出正确选择 Make your choice 选择型阅读理解 4 一、细节理解题 1.细节理解题 细节理解题在中考英语阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，但这部分题目相对来说比较简单，只要通过题干的关键词，在文中找到题目的相关信息，仔细对比，就能得出答案。其正确选项特征为：同义替换、语言简化、正话反说等。其干扰项特征为：张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非等。 细心审题 直接就题找答案 变通理解 间接转述找答案 多点归纳 综合事实找答案 细节理解题 细节理解和细节判断 解题技巧： 6 二、推理判断题 2.推理判断题 推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力。推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题，弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键。其正确选项特征为：立足原文，只推一步；一般不可出现绝对概念。其干扰选项特征为：曲解文意、张冠李戴、偷梁换柱、无中生有、鱼目混珠、扩缩范围等。 7 推理判断题 如何推测文章的观点或结论 ★ 答题窍门：这类问题问的不一定是全文的中心思想或作者的全部观点，可能只是文章中的某一观点。但要推测出文中的某一观点，仍离不开对全文主要观点或中心思想的把握。 如何推断文章的隐含意义 ★ 干扰选项：（1）文章中直接表达的信息； （2）无关紧要或片面推出的结论； （3）完全相反的结论等。 ★ 答题误区：考生易误选文章中直接表达的信息的选项或片面的结论选项。 ★ 答题窍门：（1）全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论； （2）忠实于原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断； （3）切忌选择表层信息选项，应该立足由已知推断未知。 8 三、主旨归纳题 3.主旨大意题 主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。其干扰选项特征为：过于笼统，不知所云；以偏概全，主次不分；移花接木，偷换概念；无中生有，生搬硬套等。 9 主题归纳题 If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you  have never seen before, it might be a comet ( 彗星 ).      A  comet  sometimes  looks  like  a  star.  Like  a  planet,  a  comet  has  no  light  of  its  own. It shines from the sunlight it reflects ( 反射 ). Like the earth, a comet goes  round the sun, but on a much longer path ( 轨道 ) than the earth travels. If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you  have never seen before, it might be a comet ( 彗星 ).      A  comet  sometimes  looks  like  a  star.  Like  a  planet,  a  comet  has  no  light  of  its  own. It shines from the sunlight it reflects ( 反射 ). Like the earth, a comet goes  round the sun, but on a much longer path ( 轨道 ) than the earth travels. 专项解题方法： 1. 2. 首段指出中心; 尾段对全文进行总结归纳。 学会在头脑中形成mind map，更好把握文章中心。 注意：要理解文章作者的原意， 而不能按你自己的意愿去想当然。 四、词义猜测题 4.词义猜测题 中考阅读理解试题中对于词义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大。词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。要做好该类试题需要：利用上下文线索猜测词义(重述、定义、举例、同义词或近义词、反义词等)；根据语法知识猜测词义；根据上下文逻辑猜测词义；根据构词法猜测词义；根据常识或背景知识猜测词义等。 11 根据上下文进行逻辑上的推理猜测词义。 通过构词法猜词。 通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词。 词义猜测题 专项解题方法： 12 Mobile phones are more and more popular in schools. It is not surprising to see middle school students taking mobile phones. There are two reasons for this. On one hand, mobile phones are much cheaper now. Students from rich families can afford them. Besides, it is also easier for parents to find their children. On the other hand, using a little phone is a certain kind of fashion (时尚). However, mobile phones become a problem for school these days. Sometimes mobile phones ring (响) in class. Sometimes students send text messages to their friends in class. And sometimes students even use mobile phones to cheat (作弊) during exams. Many students spend much time and money on the phones. So many schools want to stop their students from using mobile phones. But the parents are unhappy because they can’t find their children quickly without mobile phones. Do you have any good advice for this problem? Talk about it with us and let’s share your ideas! Our e-mail: forest.nana@163.com 1．It’s ________ to see middle school students with mobile phones according to the passage. A．strange B．common C．exciting D．interesting 2．All of the following are reasons why middle school students have mobile phones EXCEPT that ________. A．mobile phones are inexpensive B．it’s cool to have a mobile phone C．parents want their children to take mobile phones D．students have lots of money Mobile phones are more and more popular in schools. It is not surprising to see middle school students taking mobile phones. There are two reasons for this. On one hand, mobile phones are much cheaper now. Students from rich families can afford them. Besides, it is also easier for parents to find their children. On the other hand, using a little phone is a certain kind of fashion (时尚). 细节理解题 细节理解题 However, mobile phones become a problem for school these days. Sometimes mobile phones ring (响) in class. Sometimes students send text messages to their friends in class. And sometimes students even use mobile phones to cheat (作弊) during exams. Many students spend much time and money on the phones. So many schools want to stop their students from using mobile phones. But the parents are unhappy because they can’t find their children quickly without mobile phones. Do you have any good advice for this problem? Talk about it with us and let’s share your ideas! Our e-mail: forest.nana@163.com 3．From this passage, we can know that ________. A．using a mobile phone is a cheap way to communicate. B．parents don’t want their children to use mobile phones. C．teachers don’t want their students to use mobile phones. D．It’s wrong for schools to stop students from using mobile phones. 4．What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase “text message” in Chinese? A．口信 B．课文内容 C．手机 D．短信息 5．Which is the best title for this passage? A．Students and Mobile Phones B．Mobile Phones C．Students’ Study D．the Use of Mobile Phones 细节理解题 词义猜测题 主旨大意题 Scientists have always wanted to know more about the universe（宇宙）. Years ago they knew many things about the moon. They knew how big it was and how far away from the earth. But they wanted to know more about it. They thought the best way was to send men to the moon.The moon is about 384, 000 kilometers away from the earth. A plane cannot fly to the moon because the air reaches only 240 kilometers away from the earth. But something can fly even when there is no air. That is a rocket（火箭）. How does a rocket fly? There is gas（气体）in the rocket. When the gas is made very hot inside the rocket, it will rush out of the end of the rocket, so it can make the rocket fly up into the sky. Rockets can fly out into space. Rockets with men in them have been to the moon.Several rockets without men in them have flown to another planet（行星）much farther away than the moon. One day rockets may be able to go to any place in space. 6．Scientists have known ________ the moon is. A．how long B．how big C．how old D．how heavy 7．The earth is about 384, 000 kilometers away from the ________. A．moon B．universe C．sun D．space 细节理解题 细节理解题 A plane cannot fly to the moon because the air reaches only 240 kilometers away from the earth. But something can fly even when there is no air. That is a rocket（火箭）. How does a rocket fly? There is gas（气体）in the rocket. When the gas is made very hot inside the rocket, it will rush out of the end of the rocket, so it can make the rocket fly up into the sky. Rockets can fly out into space. Rockets with men in them have been to the moon.Several rockets without men in them have flown to another planet（行星）much farther away than the moon. One day rockets may be able to go to any place in space. 48．A plane cannot fly to the moon because________. A．the plane must be driven by a man B．there is no gas in the plane C．the plane is not strong enough D．there is no air above 240 kilometres away from the earth 49．The hot gas in the rocket is used for ________. A．keeping the air in the rocket fresh（新鲜的）B．keeping the men in the rocket warm C．cooking food for the men D．making the rocket fly up 50．Several rockets without men in them have flown to________. A．the sun B．another planet of the sun C．the satellites of the sun D．the stars 推理判断题 细节理解题 推理判断题 There are many wetlands in China and some of them have become the world’s important wetlands. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are among them. They are in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. They are home for many different kinds of animals. The world’s largest Milu Deer Nature Reserve is in them. More than 700 Milu deer live freely there. There are not many red-crowned cranes in the world, but every winter you can see some in the Red-crowned Crane Nature Reserve in the Yellow Sea Wetlands. The temperature in the wetlands is usually neither too high nor too low. There is a lot of rain and sunshine, too. They are really good places for wildlife. Offering (提供) food and home for some special kinds of animals is not the only reason why we need to protect wetlands. Wetlands are important because they also prevent flood. But some people want to change the wetlands to make more space for farms and less space for wildlife. Luckily, more and more people are beginning to realize that we should protect the wetlands as soon as possible. Every year, on February 2nd, many activities are held to tell people more about wetlands. 1．Where is the Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands? In Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. 2. How many Milu deer live in Milu Deer Nature Reserve? 3. Why are wetlands important for human beings besides offering food and home for some special kinds of animals? 4. Are there any Red-crowned Cranes in the Yellow Sea Wetlands? Yes,there are 5. When are many activities held every year to protect the wetland Step One: 略读(skimming) Step Two: 查读(scanning) Step Three: 研读(study reading) 高分技巧 skimming弄清文章大意 scanning寻找所需信息 studyreading准确理解含义 高分技巧    1.关注起承转合的过渡词，如however，but，moreover，therefore，hence， thus，nevertheless等，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。 2. 警惕语气绝对的词，如：must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, none，completely,absolutely 等，通常不是答案 3. 关注试探性语气的词，如probably,  possibly,  may, usually, might,  more or less,relatively, be likely to, not necessary, ，tend to，be liable to，往往是答案 　　　　　　　　　　　　 20 高分技巧 了解题目设计常考位置 因果关系处 转折处 引言处 列举处 比较处 21 $$