新概念英语第二册条件句课件

结构形式及用法 e.g. If we heat ice, it melts. （客观事实） If I make a promise, I keep it. （现在习惯） If I made a promise, I kept it. （过去习惯） If从句 主句 用法 一般现在时 一般现在时 表示普遍真理和客观事实 一般现在时 一般现在时 表示现在习惯动作 一般过去时 一般过去时 表示过去习惯动作 if的意义接近于whenever，意为“每当条件出现时，就会产生相应结果”，条件具有再现或常现的特点。 主、从句中动词时态通常一致，都用一般现在时或一般过去时。 提示1 提示2 其用法与一般现在时、一般过去时的基本用法有关。 提示3 重难点解析 33.1 第一种类型 条件句（Type I） 33.4 第四种类型 条件句（Type IV） 33.3 第三种类型 条件句（Type III） 33.2 第二种类型 条件句（Type II） Type II If从句 主句 基本形式一 一般现在时 shall / will / can等情态助动词+不定式 基本形式二 一般现在时 祈使句 e.g. If we catch the 10 o’clock train, we shall (will, can, etc.) get there by lunch-time. If you wake up before me, give me a call. 基本形式 1 重难点解析 33.1 第一种类型 条件句（Type I） 33.4 第四种类型 条件句（Type IV） 33.3 第三种类型 条件句（Type III） 33.2 第二种类型 条件句（Type II） e.g. If you should see him, what will / would you do? （变体形式一） If you should meet Henry, ask him to come here. （变体形式一） If you will do the beds, I will wash the dishes. （变体形式二） 比较：If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go. （基本形式一） 变体形式 2 Type II If从句 主句 变体形式一 should +不定式 shall / will +不定式；祈使句； would / might等+不定式 变体形式二 will +不定式 shall / will +不定式 变体形式三 would +不定式 shall / will +不定式； would / should / could / might +不定式 重难点解析 33.1 第一种类型 条件句（Type I） 33.4 第四种类型 条件句（Type IV） 33.3 第三种类型 条件句（Type III） 33.2 第二种类型 条件句（Type II） If you would kindly wait a moment, I’ll see what I can do. （变体形式三） I’d be delighted if you would attend. （变体形式三） 比较：If the landlord would give up his land, that would be a blessing to the peasant. （非真实条件句） should仅表示一种不太肯定的婉转口气。 should可置于句首，省去if，使用倒装语序，如“Should you need anything else, please call this number.”。 提示1 提示2 will通常表“意愿”，相当于be willing to，因此不要和基本形式一相混淆，如果条件中没有“意愿”的意思，就不能用此变体。 提示3 条件句中的would也表“意愿”，是比will更客气的请求。主句中如果需要语气婉转也可用would等情态助动词，这时需要注意与非真实条件句的语义区别。 提示4 重难点解析 33.1 第一种类型 条件句（Type I） 33.4 第四种类型 条件句（Type IV） 33.3 第三种类型 条件句（Type III） 33.2 第二种类型 条件句（Type II） e.g. Set your alarm clock, and you won’t oversleep. （替换形式一） = If you set your alarm clock, you won’t oversleep. Set your alarm clock, or (else) you’ll oversleep. （替换形式二） = If you don’t set your alarm clock, you’ll oversleep. 替换形式 3 这两个替换形式是以并列结构表示条件意义。 提示1 Type II 并列分句1 并列分句2 替换形式一 祈使句 and sb. will / won’t +不定式 替换形式二 祈使句 or（else） sb. will + 不定式 重难点解析 33.1 第一种类型 条件句（Type I） 33.4 第四种类型 条件句（Type IV） 33.3 第三种类型 条件句（Type III） 33.2 第二种类型 条件句（Type II） 有时甚至进一步省去谓语动词，形成“名词 + and + 主句”的结构。例如： One more effort and you will succeed. = If you make one more effort, you will succeed. 提示2 重难点解析 33.1 第一种类型 条件句（Type I） 33.4 第四种类型 条件句（Type IV） 33.3 第三种类型 条件句（Type III） 33.2 第二种类型 条件句（Type II） e.g. If he has finished his work by six o’clock, we shall be able to take him with us. If I can find her / I must / I may, I’ll give her your message. If you’ve been travelling all night, you probably need a rest. If he arrived only yesterday, he’ll probably not leave before Sunday. If that was what he told you, he was telling lies. If he hadn’t come in when you arrived, he won’t come in at all this morning. If that was Lucy, she has put on a lot of weight. 其他形式举隅 4 只要语义表达符合逻辑，任何一种正常的时体组合都可能用于条件句。 提示 重难点解析 33.1 第一种类型 条件句（Type I） 33.4 第四种类型 条件句（Type IV） 33.3 第三种类型 条件句（Type III） 33.2 第二种类型 条件句（Type II） e.g. If we caught the 10 o’clock train, we would get there by lunch-time. If I knew how it worked, I could tell you what to do. I should wait a little longer, if I were you. If Richard worked hard next term, he would be able to pass the examination. If you were telling the truth, I would apologize. 基本形式 1 基本形式 基本形式 Type III If从句 主句 基本形式 一般过去时/were / were doing would / could / might等情态助动词+不定式 这是非真实条件句的一种类型，传统语法常称之为“与现在或将来事实相反的虚拟条件句”。其实它有时仅表达对现在或将来情况的主观假想，只是实现的可能性很小，并非完全不可能实现。 提示1 重难点解析 33.1 第一种类型 条件句（Type I） 33.4 第四种类型 条件句（Type IV） 33.3 第三种类型 条件句（Type III） 33.2 第二种类型 条件句（Type II） 若条件句的谓语动词为be，经常用were来代替was。正式文体中，一般认为were是更正确的用法。 提示2 把主、从句谓语动词的时态（现在和将来）都推移到过去，这符合距离象似性原则，通过拉大说话人的设想和现实的时空距离，从而显得不太真实。 提示3 重难点解析 33.1 第一种类型 条件句（Type I） 33.4 第四种类型 条件句（Type IV） 33.3 第三种类型 条件句（Type III） 33.2 第二种类型 条件句（Type II） e.g. If I were to do that, what would you say? （变体形式一） = Were I to do that, what would you say? 比较： [1] If you’d cook the dinner, I’d do the washing-up afterwards. （变体形式二。非真实条件句，用would表示说话者认为对方不大可能愿意去做饭。） 变体形式 2 Type III If从句 主句 变体形式一 were to +不定式 would / could / might等情态助动词 +不定式 变体形式二 would +不定式 would / could / might等情态助动词 +不定式 重难点解析 33.1 第一种类型 条件句（Type I） 33.4 第四种类型 条件句（Type IV） 33.3 第三种类型 条件句（Type III） 33.2 第二种类型 条件句（Type II） [2] If you would try Italian food, you would like it. （真实条件句，用would表示客气的请求，使得语气更加婉转而已。） [3] If you will do the beds, I will wash the dishes. （真实条件句，用will表示说话者认为对方有可能愿意去铺床。） 变体形式一是传统语法称之为“与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句”的另一种形式。were可以置于句首而把连词if省去，引起倒装结构。 通过变体二与真实条件句的比较，可以看出“真实”与“非真实”的意义区别不但取决于形式，更取决于语境。 提示1 提示2 两种变体形式的条件句都用表将来时间的半助动词和助动词的过去式（were to，would），分别表达对将来不太可能实现情况的主观假想以及不太可能实现的“意愿”。 提示3 重难点解析 33.1 第一种类型 条件句（Type I） 33.4 第四种类型 条件句（Type IV） 33.3 第三种类型 条件句（Type III） 33.2 第二种类型 条件句（Type II） 用法：表示与过去事实相反的非真实条件句。 e.g. —Why didn’t you pay Tom? —You didn’t tell me to. If you’d told me to, I’d have paid him of course. We would / could / might have called you if we had known your telephone number. （事实是“我们当时不知道你的电话，无法给你打电话。”） 基本形式 1 传统语法称之为“与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句”。 提示1 Type IV If从句 主句 基本形式 had + -ed分词 would / could / might等情态助动词 + have + -ed分词 重难点解析 33.1 第一种类型 条件句（Type I） 33.4 第四种类型 条件句（Type IV） 33.3 第三种类型 条件句（Type III） 33.2 第二种类型 条件句（Type II） 把主、从句谓语动词的时态（过去时）都推移到“过去的过去”，即从句用过去完成体，主句相应地用情态助动词的过去式（“过去”）+现在完成体（“过去”），这符合距离象似性原则，“过去的过去”的使用使得心理距离更加遥远，因而显得不真实。 提示2 重难点解析 33.1 第一种类型 条件句（Type I） 33.4 第四种类型 条件句（Type IV） 33.3 第三种类型 条件句（Type III） 33.2 第二种类型 条件句（Type II） 错综时间条件句：指主、从句时态不一致的非真实条件句。需要根据条件和结果的具体时间关系选用动词的适当形式。 常见的两种情形： 1. 因过去的假定条件而产生现在的结果。 基本形式：（if从句）had + -ed分词 +（主句）一般过去时 e.g. If you had followed the rules, you wouldn’t be in trouble. （但是你当初没有遵守规则，现在就陷入了麻烦。） I would have a better job if I had tried harder. （但是我当初没有努力，现在就没有一个好工作。）   2. 从句是目前的假定条件，主句是过去的结果。 基本形式：（if从句）一般过去时 +（主句）would / could等+ have + -ed分词 错综时间条件句 2 重难点解析 33.1 第一种类型 条件句（Type I） 33.4 第四种类型 条件句（Type IV） 33.3 第三种类型 条件句（Type III） 33.2 第二种类型 条件句（Type II） e.g. If I were rich, I would have bought that Ferrari we saw yesterday. （但是我现在没有钱，那就是我昨天没有买那辆法拉 利的原因。） If you knew any foreign language, we would have sent you abroad. （但是你现在不懂外语，当初我们就没送你出国。） 不能说：* If she told him about the problem, he would have solved it. （现在假定“她告诉他这个问题”和“他当初就解决了这个问题”没有逻辑关系。） 应该说：If she had told him about the problem, he would have solved it. 能用于第二种情形的动词多是些表状态的静态动词。 这种时间上的错综必须以保证句子合乎逻辑为前提。 提示1 提示2 重难点解析 33.1 第一种类型 条件句（Type I） 33.4 第四种类型 条件句（Type IV） 33.3 第三种类型 条件句（Type III） 33.2 第二种类型 条件句（Type II） 当非真实条件句谓语动词中有had，were，should时，条件句中的if可以省略，且采用倒装语序。 e.g. Had I known what was going to happen, I would not have left her alone. = If I had known what was going to happen, I would not have left her alone. Were it not for the building work, the pool area would be open. = If it were not for the building work, the pool area would be open. Should we fail again, we would not be disappointed. = If we should fail again, we would not be disappointed. 省略if的非真实条件句 3 这种结构用于非常正式或文学文体中，现代英语中不太常见。 提示1 重难点解析 33.1 第一种类型 条件句（Type I） 33.4 第四种类型 条件句（Type IV） 33.3 第三种类型 条件句（Type III） 33.2 第二种类型 条件句（Type II） 省略if后，这种条件关系是通过倒装语序来体现的。 如果条件句为否定句，倒装时not不和had，were，should一起提前。如不能表达为：Hadn’t it been for…，应该表达为：Had it not been for...。 提示2 提示3 重难点解析 33.1 第一种类型 条件句（Type I） 33.4 第四种类型 条件句（Type IV） 33.3 第三种类型 条件句（Type III） 33.2 第二种类型 条件句（Type II） ①* If I realized that he was ill, I should have offered to help him. ②* If you asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. ③ * Hadn’t it been for his help, we wouldn’t have managed to finish our project.   ①√ If I had realized that he was ill, I should have offered to help him. ②√ If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. ③√ Had it not been for his help, we wouldn’t have managed to finish our project. 典型错误 4 备注 重难点解析 33.1 第一种类型 条件句（Type I） 33.4 第四种类型 条件句（Type IV） 33.3 第三种类型 条件句（Type III） 33.2 第二种类型 条件句（Type II） ________ the attempted rescue mission, the hostages might still be alive. A. B. C. D. If it not had been for If had it not been for Had it not been for Had not it been for 该题考查非真实条件句省略if的用法。非真实条件句除通常用if引导外，当条件从句部分含有had，were或者should时，在非常正式的语体中可以省略if，而把had，were或者should移至句首构成倒装结构。该题即为if it had not been for的省略倒装结构，意为“若不是当时”。注意：若从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，不需要提前。因此C为正确答案。 若不是当时的那次营救行动，那些人质现在可能仍然活着。 专四真题链接 The bad news was that he could be a very dangerous person ________ he choose to be. A. B. C. D. should could might must 该题考查非真实条件句省略if的用法。该句是含主语补语从句的复杂句，在that引导的主语补语从句中，he could be a very dangerous person是主句，后面应有一个条件状语从句交代“他可能成为一个非常危险的人”的条件。当非真实条件从句中含有should，were或had时，在非常正式的语体中可省略if，而把should，were或had移至句首构成倒装结构。该题即为if he should choose to be的省略倒装结构。因此A为正确答案。 坏消息是，倘若他愿意，他有可能成为一个非常危险的人。 专四真题链接 At that moment, with the crowd watching me, I was not afraid in the ordinary sense, as I ______ if I ______ alone. A. B. C. D. would have been … had been should be … had been could be … were might have been … were 该题考查非真实条件句（Type IV）。as意为“像…”，根据I was not afraid的时态及句意可知，该句表达与过去事实相反的主观假想，为非真实条件句，主句要用情态助动词的过去时形式加不定式完成体would have done表达，从句用过去完成体had done，因此A为正确答案。 在那一刻，一大群人盯着我，我顾不上害怕，不像只有我一人的时候。 专四真题链接 If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ______ able to advise you much better than I can. A. B. C. D. will be was would be were 该题考查非真实条件句（Type III）。由条件句动词的形式explained可判断，该句是对现在或将来情况的假想，主句谓语动词应该用would / could / should / might +不定式，因此C为正确答案。 假如你把情况跟你的律师做一番解释，他会给你提供比我更好的建议。 专四真题链接 If it ______ tomorrow, the match would be put off. A. B. C. D. was to rain were to rain was raining had rained 该题考查非真实条件句（Type III）的一个变体形式。由主句谓语动词的形式would be和条件句的时间状语tomorrow可知，该句为对将来情况假想的非真实条件句。该类非真实条件句的一个变体形式是：（If从句） were to +不定式，（主句） would, etc +不定式，因此B为正确答案。 倘若明天下雨，比赛就将延期。 专四真题链接 If there were no subjunctive mood, English ______ much easier to learn. A. B. C. D. could have been would be will be would have been 该题考查非真实条件句Type III的基本形式。根据句意及条件句的动词形式were可知，该句为对现在情况的假想，主句谓语动词应该用would +不定式，因此B为正确答案。 假如没有虚拟语气，英语就好学多了。 专四真题链接 Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _____ much better results now. A. B. C. D. would be getting could have got must get would get 该题考查错综时间非真实条件句以及省略if引起局部倒装的用法。根据从句的形式Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam可知，该句为非真实条件句省略if引起局部倒装的情况，相当于If Judy had been...，是与过去事实相反的非真实条件句。根据主句的时间状语now可以判断，主句为对现在情况的假想，这是一种典型的错综时间非真实条件句，主句动词应该用would +不定式，即条件从句用过去假定，主句用现在假定，表示因过去的假定而产生现在的结果，因此D为正确答案。 假如朱迪在那次数学考试中更细心一点，她现在的成绩就会更好了。 专四真题链接 If only the patient ______ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. A. B. C. D. had received received should receive were receiving 该题考查错综时间非真实条件句。根据从句中If only … instead of using … 可知，从句是对过去的假定，应该用过去完成体。主句he might still be alive now为对现在的假定，这是错综时间条件句的典型类型，表示因过去的假定而产生现在的结果，其句型为：（If从句）had + -ed分词，（主句）would / should / could / might + 不定式。因此A为正确答案。 假如当初病人不用抗生素，而接受一种不同的治疗方法，他现在可能还活着。 专四真题链接 ______ you ______ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. A. B. C. D. If, had Have, had Should, have In case, had 该题考查非真实条件句的省略倒装结构。根据句意，本句表示对现在或将来情况的主观假想，即从句动词用虚拟语气should +不定式，If you should have ...= Should you have ...，由于这种主观假想实现的可能性虽然极小但毕竟不是完全没有可能，所以通常这类从句后面主句的谓语用祈使语气或陈述语气。该题的主句正是祈使句，因此C为正确答案。注意：当虚拟条件从句部分含有should，were或had时，在非常正式的语体中可以省略if，而把should，were或had移至句首，构成倒装结构。 假如你的打印机还有其他问题，可以咨询你的经销商。 专四真题链接 ______ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? A. B. C. D. Would you be surprised Were you surprised Had you been surprised Would you have been surprised 该题考查与过去事实相反的非真实条件句（Type IV）。由条件句if I had arrived yesterday ... 的动词形式及时间状语可知，该句为与过去事实相反的非真实条件句，其基本形式为：（If从句）had + -ed分词，（主句）would / should / could / might + have + -ed分词，因此D为正确答案。注意：句中的surprised为形容词。 假如我昨天抵达，但事先没让你知情，你当时会不会感到吃惊呢？ 专四真题链接 本讲主要介绍了四种类型的条件句，其中Type I和Type II是两种真实条件句，Type III和Type IV是两种非真实条件句。在掌握基本形式的基础上，还需掌握各种变体形式和替换形式。学习的关键是主句和从句动词的变化形式及所表达的不同意义，这与动词的时体形式、语气以及情态助动词的用法密切相关，学习本讲建议复习13-15、17、18讲的内容。Type I的结构特点是主、从句的动词时态一致，其用法与一般现在时表客观事实、现在习惯和一般过去时表过去习惯的基本用法有关。Type II的基本形式的结构特点是主、从句的动词时态、情态不一致，从句用一般现在时表将来时间。Type II的变体形式主要“变”在从句使用情态助动词，should，will，would分别表示“不太肯定的婉转口气”、“意愿”、“客 本讲总结 气的请求”，其中should还可置于句首，使用省略if倒装语序。Type III、Type IV这两种非真实条件句的学习可利用距离象似性原理帮助理解，把握“时态”后推的共性，利用比较的方法体会它们与真实条件句的区别。错综时间条件句需要根据条件和结果的具体时间关系选用动词的适当形式，避免机械套用。最后需要注意省略if的非真实条件句采用倒装语序的三种情况，这种结构用于非常正式的语体中。 本讲总结 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What happens to water if the temperature rises to 100 degrees Centigrade? How many days are there in February if it is a leap year? How did you go to your office if your car broke down? What do you expect a teacher to do if you make a mistake? Who do people go and see if they feel ill? Water boils if the temperature rises to 100 degrees Centigrade. There are 29 days in February if it is a leap year. I went to my office by bus if my car broke down. If I make a mistake, I expect the teacher to correct it. If people feel ill, they go to see a doctor. 练习精讲 Ex.33B Ex.33A Ex.33D Ex.33C Ex.33F Ex.33E 6. 7. 8. How do people dress if they work in a post office? What do we get if we mix red with yellow? What kind of music did you prefer if you went to a concert? If people work in a post office, they wear a green uniform. If we mix red with yellow, we get orange. If I went to a concert, I preferred to listen to pop music. 练习精讲 Ex.33B Ex.33A Ex.33D Ex.33C Ex.33F Ex.33E 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. If I see him again, I ________ (tell) him what you said. I will accept your explanation only if you __________ (support) it with evidence. Tell me the truth, or you ________ (be) in really serious trouble. If you don’t hear from me by next Friday, you _______ ______ (assume) I’m not coming. Look up the answer in the key only if it ________ (be) really impossible for you to work it out yourself. If the worst ____________ (come) to the worst, we can give up the idea completely. Give me time and I ________ (find) a solution. will tell will support will be can assume is should come will find 练习精讲 Ex.33B Ex.33A Ex.33D Ex.33C Ex.33F Ex.33E 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. I should be much obliged if you __________ (lend) me the money. If you add six and three, you ___________ (get) nine. The school ________ (close) if it snows, don’t they? If you want to pass, you ________________________ (work) harder. If I was out of work, I ________ (do) some odd jobs. If he ________ (say) that, he must be a fool. If you ___________________ (kindly take) me in your car, I shall be able to get to the hospital in time. She’ll lose weight if she ________ (go) on a diet. would lend get / will get closes will have to work / must work did said would kindly take goes 练习精讲 Ex.33B Ex.33A Ex.33D Ex.33C Ex.33F Ex.33E 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What would you do about the problem if you _______ (be) in my shoes? If you ____________ (stay) in England just a few months longer, your English would probably show a noticeable improvement. I wouldn’t buy the picture even if I _________ (afford) it. If only he ____________ (admit) he was wrong, his friends might be more sympathetic. If there weren’t so many mosquitoes, it ________ (be) a perfect evening. If the letters in that sign were bigger, it ____________ read more easily. were were to stay could afford would admit would be could be read 练习精讲 Ex.33B Ex.33A Ex.33D Ex.33C Ex.33F Ex.33E 7. If he __________ (lift) a finger to help me, I would be sure of success. would lift 练习精讲 Ex.33B Ex.33A Ex.33D Ex.33C Ex.33F Ex.33E 1. 2. 3. He didn’t give me his number, so I couldn’t telephone him. The shop didn’t pack the goods properly, so they got damaged. He wasn’t able to answer all the questions, so he didn’t pass the examination. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him. If the shop had packed the goods properly, they would not have got damaged. If he had been able to answer all the questions, he would have passed the examination. 练习精讲 Ex.33B Ex.33A Ex.33D Ex.33C Ex.33F Ex.33E 4. 5. She didn’t read the book, so she did not understand what I meant. We understood what he was saying, so we did not ask him to explain again. If she had read the book, she would have understood what I meant. If we had not understood what he was saying, we would have asked him to explain again. 练习精讲 Ex.33B Ex.33A Ex.33D Ex.33C Ex.33F Ex.33E 1. 2. 3. We missed the train, so we are waiting on this cold platform. There was a very sharp frost last night, so we’re able to go skating today. Since you didn’t take my advice, you’re in a difficult position now. If we had not missed the train, we would not be waiting on this cold platform. If there had not been a very sharp frost last night, we would not be able to go skating today. If you had taken my advice, you would not be in a difficult position now. 练习精讲 Ex.33B Ex.33A Ex.33D Ex.33C Ex.33F Ex.33E 4. 5. The bank manager didn’t lend him the money, so he is not moving to a larger house. I did not bring enough money with me, so I am not going to visit any other places of interest. If the bank manager had lent him the money, he would be moving to a larger house. If I had brought enough money with me, I would be visiting many other places of interest. 练习精讲 Ex.33B Ex.33A Ex.33D Ex.33C Ex.33F Ex.33E 1. 2. 3. 4. 如果不是闰年，二月份有多少天？ 当初他住在上海时，每次出席音乐会，总是喜欢古典音乐。 如果她答应参加宴会，她一定会来的。 除非立即戒烟，他的健康状况不会改善。 How many days are there in February if it is not a leap year? When he lived in Shanghai, he used to like classical music if he went to a concert. If she promised to come to the party, she will certainly come. / If she has promised to come to the party, she will certainly come. His health won’t improve unless he gives up smoking at once. 练习精讲 Ex.33B Ex.33A Ex.33D Ex.33C Ex.33F Ex.33E 5. 6. 7. 8. 即使出得起钱，我也不买这幅图画。 假如你处于我的地位，你会怎样处理这个问题？ 如果商店把货物包扎好，这些货物就不会损毁了。 如果当初你采纳我的劝告，你现在就不会陷入这样的困境。 I wouldn’t buy this picture even if I could afford it. What would you do about the problem if you were in my shoes? If the shop had packed the goods properly, they wouldn’t have got damaged. If you had taken my advice, you would not be in a difficult position now. 练习精讲 Ex.33B Ex.33A Ex.33D Ex.33C Ex.33F Ex.33E 9. 10. 假如我是她，我决不会接受他们的邀请。 要不是因为全球金融危机，中国经济将会更加快速发展。 If I were her, I would never have accepted their invitation. If it were not for the global financial crisis, China’s economy would be developing at a greater speed. 练习精讲 Ex.33B Ex.33A Ex.33D Ex.33C Ex.33F Ex.33E $$