长难句分析课件-2025届高三英语一轮复习

长难句分析 1 五大基本句型: ① I am Li Hua. ② I love you. ③ I come. ④ I gave you an apple. ⑤ You make me happy. 主系表 主谓宾 主谓 主谓间宾直宾 主谓宾宾补 三大句子结构: ① ：只包含一个主谓结构，eg: I am Li Hua. ② ：由并列连词（and,but,or等）连接的两个或多个简单句。 eg: I am Li Hua and I come from Shaoguan. ③ ：由一个主句+一个或多个从句构成。 eg: I come from Shaoguan which is a beautiful city. 简单句 并列句 复合句 观察并翻译以下句子： 1. Zhong Nanshan is a doctor. 3. Zhong Nanshan, who graduated from Beijing Medical University, is an extremely excellent doctor in China, leading the fights against COVID-19 pandemic. 2. Zhong Nanshan is an extremely excellent doctor in China. 思考：是什么使得句子又长又难？ 一个句子=主干+N个修饰 介词短语 从句 非谓语动词短语 形容词 副词 介词短语 如果你愿意一层一层一层地拨开它的心； 你会发现，你会讶异， 就只是简单五大基本句型。 遇到长难句怎么办？ 形容词 副词 介词短语 非谓语 动词 从句 并列结构 五大基本句型 同位语 插入语 找主干： 跳读修饰成分，先找出句子的主干（主谓宾）并理解其意义，然后再理解修饰成分，便可长句短化，难句易化。 微 技 巧 分析长难句第一种方法：找主干 快速找出主干的方式是找出谓语动词。 1. 找动词。找出句子中所有的动词（除去非谓语动词：-ing,-ed,to do) 2. 找连词或者引导词。顺着动词往前找，如果有引导词，说明这个动词所在的句子是个从句，如果有并列连词，看是否是并列谓语动词。如果都没有，说明这个就是主句的谓语动词。 3. 顺藤摸瓜。顺着谓语动词，找出主语、宾语（如有）等其他主干成分，找出主干。 We’ll explore beautiful park sites while ( we are ) conducting invasive plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection.[2024新课标I卷阅读理解A篇] 小试牛刀：找出下面句子的主干 1. [2024新课标I卷阅读理解C篇]According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.  步骤：①找出所有动词 ②往前找是否有并列连词或者引导词 ③顺藤摸瓜 主干是：__________________________ 2. [2024新课标I卷阅读理解D篇]Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. 主干是：__________________________ People approach digital texts. 人们对待数字文本（的心态）。 Daru and his team tested （how well...） Daru 和他的团队测试... 非谓语 非谓语 练习：找出下面句子的主干 1. [2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读理解C篇]She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.  2. [2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读理解D篇]As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. 3. [2024新课标Ⅱ卷七选五]You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. 非谓语 长难句翻译— 括号法 就是将修饰部分用括号括起来，使句子结构变得清晰的方法。 一. 识别三“长”两“短”两“语” 三长----介词短语 (1) 介词短语【定义】从介词开始到名词结束、表达一个独立的完整的含义的结构。【起止标识】标记介词短语时，要从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词(动名词、名词性从句）终止。如：at home、in the school、in the beautiful park、during my happy childhood、over the last few years、for three weeks、to the destination 【例句】 After chatting with Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon, I returned to my office. (After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00 to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (to my office). (2) 从句 【定义】从句是复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分，由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which、if、although等关系词引导的非主句部分。【起止标识】标记从句时，一定从关系词开始，到以下四种终止。① 到句尾终止，如：Mika is a teacher who teaches English.② 到逗号终止，如：When I was young, I listened to the radio.③ 到下一个修饰成分终止，如：I will invite Yao Ming who was a top basketball player to Beijing. ④ 到下一个谓语动词终止，如：Yao Ming who was a top basketball player is studying in Shanghai. 一. 识别三“长”两“短”两“语” 三长----从句 (to Beijing是介词短语，属于另一个修饰成分) （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （3） 非谓语动词短语 【起止标识】标记非谓语动词短语时，从to do, doing 或done开头，到以下四种情况终止。 ①到句尾终止，如：Mika is a teacher teaching English. ②到逗号终止，如：To improve my English, I often listen to the English radio. ③到下一个修饰成分终止，如：Jack walked into the hall, waving to the audience. ④到下一个谓语动词终止，如：We, singing a happy song, rode to school. 一. 识别三“长”两“短”两“语” 三长----非谓语 （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） (to the audience 是介词短语，属于另一个修饰成分) 识别同位语（一个名次形式对另外一个名词进行解释与说明） eg: I am Li Hua, a boy of 16. 练习：划出下面句子的同位语。 1.Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer， was hired to make the images. 2.He likes skating，an hobby inspired by an athlete，which makes him quite healthy. 一. 识别三“长”两“短”两“语” （ ） （ ） （ ） 识别插入语 （多数插入语都位于双逗号或双破折号之间, 和句子其他部分明显地隔离开来）。 1.The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ——touched down last week in the South Pole basin. 2.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 一. 识别三“长”两“短”两“语” （ ） （ ） 【定义】平行并列结构是指由并列词将两个或两个以上含义相似、结构相同的并列项连接起来构成的结构。 二、 一“并列” Zhong Nansha is an extremely excellent doctor in China and he led the fights against COVID-19 pandemic. （并列句） Zhong Nansha is an extremely excellent doctor in China leading the fights against SARS and COVID-19 pandemic. (并列词语） 【标记方法】标记时要先找到并列词，然后再找并列项。 在标注形如A and B的平行并列结构时，应先找B (即右并列项)后找A (即左并列项)。由于英语中的修饰成分往往置于中心词之后，所以A和B两个并列项后面可能各自带有很长的尾巴，形成“A … and B …”的形式，导致A离and 相对较远，不易辨认，而B通常离and很近，容易识别。找到B之后，利用A和B结构相同、含义相似的原则，很容易将A确定出来。 eg: 1. Singing and laughing, we headed to the park. 2. The children can go with us or they can stay at home. 一找并列词，二找B，三确定A 非谓语动词并列 整句并列 如何判断并列的成分？ 长难句翻译— 括号法应用 就是将修饰部分用括号括起来，使句子结构变得清晰的方法。 括号法步骤：①找连词，明句子 ②做标记，明主干 ③做直译，先主干后修饰 ④ 调语序 （ ） 括号法应用： “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. 并列连词是_____, 并列部分是__________ 和__________, ______ 和______ 该句是（ ）简单句（ ）并列句 （ ）复合句 做标记：将修饰部分用括号括起来。 主干是：________________________________ 翻译句子：_______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ （ ） （ ） 括号法步骤：①找连词，明句子 ②做标记，明主干 ③做直译，先主干后修饰 ④ 调语序 √ and to inform (to) lead places species （ ） （ ） Biodiversity apps can use our study results... 生物多样性应用程序可以利用我们的研究结果告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方——甚至是物种。 注意有插入语时， “先读两端, 再读中间”。 括号法应用： The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism (数字极简主义）, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide that it’s right for you. 该句是（ ）简单句（ ）并列句 （ ）复合句 做标记：将修饰部分用括号括起来。 主干是：________________________________ 翻译句子：__________________________________________________ 括号法步骤：①找并列连词，明句子 ②做标记，明主干 ③做直译，先主干后修饰 ④ 调语序 √ （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） The goal of this book is (to make the case) and then (to teach you)... 这本书的目的是为数字极简主义做一个案例，包括对它的要求和为什么它有效的详细探索，然后如果你认为它适合你,它会教你如何采用这种哲学。 真题应用： 1. 阅读理解：“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 2. 语法填空：Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse _60_______ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for __61（the)__ first time. have sb./sth.(to) do sth 让某人做... √ walks （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ （ ） ） （ ） 一. 找主干：跳读修饰成分，先找出句子的主干（主谓宾）并理解其意义，然后再理解修饰成分，便可长句短化，难句易化。 步骤： ①找出所有动词 ②往前找是否有并列连词或者引导词 ③顺藤摸瓜 二. 括号法：就是将修饰部分用括号括起来，使句子结构变得清晰的方法。 括号法步骤：①找连词，明句子 ②做标记，明主干 ③做直译，先主干后修饰 ④ 调语序 总结：遇到长难句怎么办？ Thank you for watching 感谢观看 21 $$