第16讲 重点题型之完形填空（知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练）-【决胜春考】2025 春季高考英语冲刺总复习（天津专用）

( 第 16 讲： 重点题型之完形填空 ) 1、 考试要求 1.熟悉语篇结构，根据局内层次、句组层次和语篇层次答题 2.掌握答题技巧，明确答题步骤 3.掌握词汇基本用法通过真题和美文渗透文化意识、语言意识和思维品质 2、 命题分析 年份 体裁 字数 2024 记叙文 0.85 记叙文 0.65　 2023 记叙文 0.65 记叙文 0.65 2022 记叙文 0.65 记叙文 0.65　 考点一：五大方法速判句内层次题 句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信息凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。 【方法1 利用习惯搭配和固定结构解题】 It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be __41__ to the public because of Italy's privacy laws, 42.finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin. 41．A. attached B．allocated C．exposed D．submitted 【方法2 利用生活常识和文化背景解题】 完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。解答完形填空题时，有时文章中提供的信息还不够，还需要把读者头脑中储存的一般知识信息结合起来考虑，最后作出符合常识的最佳答案。因此，考生的知识范围越广，则对文章的理解会更容易，整体上知道所选短文在说什么，那么局部上的每一个空填起来也会得心应手。因此解答完形填空题时，考生的英语语言知识和有关世界的知识，都发挥着重要的作用。 当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，先找出并理解文章主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节，注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。如： After ___2___ theBritish flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before theystarted the 950-mile journey back. A. growing B. puttingC. planting D. laying 【方法3 利用句子分析法解题】 完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。 However，within fifteen minutes of 39.arriving，my worries had gone. Everyone was so __40__ and like-minded that it was very 41.easy to feel at home. 40．A. confident B．friendly C．energetic D．curious 【方法4 利用逻辑关系解题】 利用逻辑关系解题 尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落与段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。 (1) 句中逻辑关系 Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements—usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,and___45___nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arrangeddifferently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in thebody. A. mostly B. partly C.sometimes D. rarely (2) 句间逻辑关系 在此，我们发现所谓逻辑关系并不抽象，它往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。当然，句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部，它还可以渗透到篇章的层面上，在句与句之间表现出来。如： Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash. ___13___, she encourages them to get___14___ ways to do business. A. Still B. Yet C.Instead D. While (3) 段间逻辑关系 这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。如： Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, ___29___, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20thcentury, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s,radically changed the process, although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent. A. indeed B. hence C.however D. therefore When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 23.disturbing happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24.damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. __25__， the number of snakes had declined as well. 25．A. Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise 【方法5 利用语境暗示分析法解题】 上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。 She was__49__for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge，we shared in her50.delight at her recovery. As she was 51.leaving she was eager to say 52.goodbye to each of us in the nursing team. 49．A. grateful B．thoughtful C．sorrowful D．fearful 考法二：四大技巧稳抓句组层次题 句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。 【技巧1 利用感情色彩关联解题】 考生在第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用。如： I was so surprisedthat I was ___47___(speechless). My cousin must have made an effort to gethimself into shape. ___48___(As a result), at the point in our game when I’dhave predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was___49___(instead) 7 to 9 and Ed was 50 (leading). 【技巧2 利用语境暗示分析法解题】 在句组层次题中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。 3.【2021·全国卷甲卷】 Burchill was 41.staying at the hotel on business and planning to 42.visit some friends in the area. They had asked him to 43.bring some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he __44__ a suitcase full of pepperoni. 44．A. filled B．locked C．abandoned D．lost 【技巧4 利用词语复现解题】 复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。 一、原词复现 【2022•全国甲】When I first dated Steve, I learned he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was thrilled that he was an animal lover, I worried that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 46 the cat. 46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly 提醒：Flora—Flora原词复现 【2022·新高考I卷】My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years. Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we 22 along Chalk Creek. 22. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled 提醒：camping ---camped原词复现 二、同义词复现 He 23 (offered) to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes，which he would repair again 24 . 24. A. by accident B. in advance C. for free D. on credit 提醒：free of charge与for free是同义词复现。 三、近义词复现 While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 (experience) at college for the better: I discovered ASL—American Sign Language (美式手语). 41. A. searching  B. planning C. natural  D. formal 【2022·新高考I卷】Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly interrupted our peaceful morning trip. The 29 picked up and thunder rolled. 29. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed 提醒：storms—wind近义词复现 四、反义词复现 【2022·新高考Ⅱ卷】 She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world，stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore It might sound like one long，expensive 42 (vacation), but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel 43 . 43. A. safe B. busy C. helpful D. affordable 【2019·全国Ⅱ卷】Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49 . It just started licking(舔) Ehlers’ face. 49. A. surprise B. joy C. hesitation D. anxiety 提醒：Nervousness and fear—joy 是反义词复现 五、上下词复现 Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. .. One day they’ll 47(wake up) and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 48(lie) . I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 (consequences). I have a very strong 51 (fear) that the lie we’re telling is doing 52 (spiritual) damage to our children. 49. A. parents B. twins C. colleagues D. teachers 提醒：our twins，the kids以及下文中的our children与下文parents是总括与分述的词汇复现 We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47(child) sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49(see) or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. 48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears 提醒：ears与下文中的hear是上下词复现 考法三：七种逻辑提升语篇层次题 完形填空中主要考查七大逻辑关系：对立关系、并列和递进关系、目的和因果关系、条件关系、时间关系、层次和顺序关系、例证关系。 一、对立关系 对立关系包括让步、对比和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语有：but，however，yet(然而，但是)，on the contrary(相反)，by contrast(相比之下)，unfortunately，although，even though，while，nevertheless(然而，不过)，whereas(然而，反之)，in spite of(尽管)，regardless of(不管，不顾)，anyhow，after all(毕竟)，instead of(而不是)，rather than(而不是)，not...but，otherwise(否则)，or else，to the opposite(对立面)，compared with等。 For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44(interrepted) as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45(surprising) research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea. 46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested He has recently made a significant 16 (discovery)—loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes，but it can be 17 in a clever way. The 18(solution) Chat benches. 17. A. experienced B. suffered C. prevented D. felt 二、并列和递进关系 并列和递进关系常用的标志词和短语有：and，or，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)...，similarly等。 A year later, much to my 58 delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 59 him to. That’s only for giving 60 water to the dogs that brought us together. 59. A. beg B. trust C. need D. aid The students who he’s 15 (driven) have gone on to become physicians，teachers and engineers，but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students 16 call him “Grandpa”. 16.A.even B. ever C. once D. already 三、目的和因果关系 目的和因果关系常用的标志词和短语有：because，for，since，as，thus(因此)，hence(因此)，therefore，so，so...that，such...that，in order that，consequently(因此)，accordingly，due to，thanks to，on account of(由于，因为)，because of，seeing that(由于，因为)，in that(因为)，now that，as a result，for this reason等。 The ticket had a strict no-transfer(不可转让) 45 (policy)，but since passport information was not required when 46(booking)，any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can 47 it. 47. A. use B. borrow C. choose D. buy 四、条件关系 条件关系常用的标志词和短语有：if，unless，whether，supposing，on condition that，provided that，depending on等。 As you mark off another “Earth Day” in your calendars，content that for at least 24 hours I remained in your thoughts，I wanted to remind you that I am frightened that 41 I can’t soon receive the appropriate medicine and care I need，my illness will become terminal beyond all cures. 41. A. when B. though C. if D. unless 五、时间关系 时间关系常用的标志词和短语有：before，since，as，until，meanwhile，at the moment，when，whenever，as soon as等。 For him，it was one thing to 49(accept) his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 50 it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. 50. A. until B. when C. unless D. before 六、层次和顺序关系 层次和顺序关系常用的标志词和短语有：besides，finally，first，firstly，further，eventually，in the first place，last，next，second，secondly，third，thirdly，to begin with，to start with，on the one hand，on the other hand等。 49 ，the couple found that their bodies turned for the better，with re-found strong muscles that they thought had 50.lost forever. 49. A. Initially B. Eventually C. Temporarily D. Consequently 七、例证关系 例证关系常用的标志词和短语有：all in all，altogether，in brief，in sum，in conclusion，in short，in summary，on the whole，to sum up，to summarize，as a proof，as an example，for example，for instance，in particular，just as，namely，such as，that is，as to，say等。 “I hope this method would be put into practice in the near future, 41 in the next 10 years,” he says. 41. A. imagine B. say C. suppose D. consider （2024·天津·高考真题）I had struggled with math since fourth grade, but worked very hard to 1 the smart students around me. In eleventh grade, much to my classmates 2 , I signed up for precalculus BC, the hardest math class. That was when I met Mr. Dena and told him I had 3 in math, yet I would try my hardest. He was convinced I could succeed 4 the doubts from my classmates. Mr. Dena kept an unforgettable 5 by Sir Isaac Newton on his chalk board: “If I have been able to see further, it is only because I stand on the shoulders of giants.” He reflected on that throughout the year and was 6 to teach us more than math. Mr. Dena occasionally gave partner tests, believing that we could solve hard problems together. He drew names out of a hat to 7 partners. Students were 8 out loud that they wouldn't be paired with me. As the “lucky” name was 9 , the class burst into laughter. My partner joked about being 10 with me. However, we worked well together and surprised everyone with our 11 on this test. I learned so much from my classmates and I realized this was really 12 we had partner tests. The final exam was Mr. Dena's final 13 to us, but I failed it. I told him I didn't understand how I could do so 14 on a test when I had studied so hard. He explained it's not about the grades; it's about true understanding. If studying didn't 15 on a test, it would someday. I knew then that 16 passing or failing tests, studying was about hard work and effort. And I 17 myself harder than I ever had. To be challenged in math really changed the way I 18 other challenges in life. I wasn't going to let a grade stop me from learning some of the best lessons of my life. Mr. Dena is one of the giants that Newton 19 . He has helped me see not only more 20 ideas than I thought possible, but who I can be. 1．A．keep up with B．give in to C．stay away from D．watch out for 2．A．sorrow B．delight C．surprise D．relief 3．A．talent B．methods C．innovation D．weaknesses 4．A．in spite of B．in case of C．in view of D．in consequence of 5．A．diary B．quote C．essay D．letter 6．A．embarrassed B．determined C．astonished D．puzzled 7．A．assign B．honor C．persuade D．monitor 8．A．reading B．singing C．praying D．applauding 9．A．registered B．changed C．abandoned D．picked 10．A．concerned B．stuck C．impressed D．content 11．A．negotiation B．mistake C．performance D．standard 12．A．when B．why C．where D．how 13．A．decision B．challenge C．instruction D．victory 14．A．accurately B．carefully C．effortlessly D．poorly 15．A．give out B．break down C．turn up D．pay off 16．A．beyond B．within C．upon D．across 17．A．praised B．defended C．pushed D．criticized 18．A．viewed B．created C．ignored D．presented 19．A．admires B．establishes C．measures D．describes 20．A．social B．mathematical C．psychological D．moral （2024·天津·高考真题）At 23, I applied for my first job and it was not successful. When I received the 21 email, I felt disappointed and angry. I had spent days 22 the interview and in the end, I didn’t even know what went wrong. Months later, after a job interview at another company, I got a call From the manager. “ 23 , we decided to offer the job to someone else,” he said. “Would you like to hear the feedback (反馈)?” The manager went on to tell me I hadn’t expressed my 24 for applying for the position. The feedback was 25 to hear, but he was right. As I just wanted a job in my home city, I didn’t 26 much whether it fit my interests. The job at the company was something I was capable of doing, but I didn’t feel 27 about it — and that showed in the interview. From the non, I decided to carefully evaluate each job opening and only 28 at I was interested in. In my applications, I also began 29 clearly why I wanted that particular job. Soon my effort 30 , as I got an offer I was truly excited about. Years later, I found myself on the other side of the table, interviewing 31 for a position in my lab. One of them got my attention. On paper, his application looked 32 , but the interview went badly. He didn’t seem to have done any reading 33 about my research, which made me wonder 34 he was truly interested in working with me. When I called to tell him, I couldn’t offer him the 35 , he was disappointed. I then told him where he could 36 in future interviews. As the 37 went on, I got the sense that he was grateful for what I said. Nowadays, when my own trainees apply for positions else where, I encourage them to 38 feedback. It’s never pleasant to 39 constructive criticism, but if we are told where we are lagging (落后), we are more likely to avoid making the same 40 in the future. 21．A．congratulation B．invitation C．rejection D．complaint 22．A．taking up B．preparing for C．calling off D．passing down 23．A．Consequently B．Hopefully C．Surprisingly D．Unfortunately 24．A．requirement B．motivation C．imagination D．suggestion 25．A．tough B．pleasant C．frightening D．reasonable 26．A．care B．regret C．doubt D．know 27．A．nervous B．enthusiastic C．relaxed D．embarrassed 28．A．introduce B．abandon C．pursue D．display 29．A．examining B．stating C．judging D．instructing 30．A．came about B．faded away C．settled down D．paid off 31．A．officials B．candidates C．visitors D．employers 32．A．great B．easy C．confusing D．complicated 33．A．in advance B．on average C．by contrast D．for free 34．A．that B．when C．where D．whether 35．A．salary B．degree C．award D．position 36．A．continue B．serve C．improve D．participate 37．A．conversation B．adventure C．negotiation D．journey 38．A．set aside B．ask for C．put off D．contribute to 39．A．give away B．insist on C．listen to D．fight for 40．A．proposals B．decisions C．comments D．mistakes （2023·天津·高考真题）There are moments when strangers’ lives collide(碰撞)by accident, and even though they may never see each other again, they’ re changed forever. These can be moments when true character is 41 , often through acts of kindness and generosity of unlikely heroes.   Not long ago, I was a(n) 42 to that kind of moment. On a summer midnight, my parents and I had just 43 a long flight and started to walk through the empty airport when I saw a passenger suddenly fall to the ground. We 44 ran toward him. My parents, who are doctors, dropped everything and began trying to 45 what had happened. As they asked him questions and searched for a(n) 46 information card, other passengers from the flight joined us. My parents 47 that the man was hypoglycaemic(低血糖的) and in major need of sugar. 48 , the only thing we could find was a protein bar. We were 49 it would not be enough to save him. Just then, a young boy, Mecca, arrived at the 50 with the flight attendants(空乘人员). He quietly announced, “I have a Snickers(士力架巧克力)!” Nobody responded to him as they were in the 51 of trying to save a stranger's life. Mecca dug deep into his backpack, and 52 a Snickers. He then handed it to my father, who was trying to manage with the protein bar. Within seconds of the Snickers replacing the protein bar, the man regained 53 . Mecca, a fourth grader,   54 this stranger's life! No one could have guessed that earlier that night, Mecca had just been through a 55 time. His father's flight was unexpectedly canceled, 56 him to fly alone. He had never flown by himself before and was very nervous. His grandmother filled his backpack with candy to make him a little less 57 . When we told Mecca's parents of his 58 actions, they smiled from ear to ear. They were surprised that he had saved some candy and was able to think about the candy during the 59 . As time goes on, I remain 60 by the experience of witnessing a nine-year-old save a stranger's life. Even today Mecca's kindness continues to make me smile. 41．A．created B．revealed C．introduced D．preserved 42．A．witness B．visitor C．match D．exception 43．A．caught B．confirmed C．gotten off D．put off 44．A．safely B．accidentally C．casually D．immediately 45．A．get across B．figure out C．take down D．bring up 46．A．medical B．financial C．educational D．military 47．A．recalled B．determined C．admitted D．guaranteed 48．A．Instead B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．However 49．A．worried B．confused C．embarrassed D．annoyed 50．A．station B．destination C．scene D．department 51．A．chaos B．possession C．habit D．direction 52．A．gave away B．set aside C．pulled out D．kept off 53．A．memory B．appetite C．independence D．consciousness 54．A．risked B．saved C．sacrificed D．respected 55．A．proper B．tough C．enjoyable D．mysterious 56．A．forcing B．urging C．reminding D．permitting 57．A．guilty B．anxious C．sensitive D．doubtful 58．A．modest B．ambitious C．heroic D．confident 59．A．flight B．operation C．performance D．emergency 60．A．relieved B．puzzled C．frustrated D．inspire （2023·天津·高考真题）In my early thirties, I decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa at 5, 895 meters above sea level. After months of preparation, I started my great 61 .At the base of the mountain, I met Mik, a local porter, who warmly 62 me. Mik’s job was to carry my equipment up the mountain, set up the tent (帐篷), and carry everything back down after reaching the 63 . Mik stood about 1.6 meters tall. I was 64 with a pack nearly as tall as his whole body. Just imagine this little man with the huge equipment 65 on his head. The first day of the climb was 66 the rain forest, across a slippery (滑的), muddy ground covered with tree roots and vines (藤蔓). Mik was carrying 30 kilos on his head! By that evening, we made it to 3, 000 meters. The air was 67 and it was colder. When I arrived at the campsite for the night, my tent was already set up and 68 me. Day two was much steeper (陡峭的) and rockier. I really had to 69 what I was doing. And I felt guilty for the tough.   70 Mik had to work in Yet when I turned to Mik, he said with the biggest smile, “Polle, polle, ”which means“ 71 , take it easy” in his native language. I 72 back, my burden lighter somehow. Over the next five days, the climb got 73 difficult. The temperatures could 74 from 21°C to below freezing in a few hours. At 5, 700 meters, there’s only half the oxygen 75 in each breath compared to at sea level. That leaves many people with severe headache. Yet Mik remained 76 . He always had a smile and a positive 77 .It had an enormous impact on me, giving me the 78 to keep going. Even today, when I find myself 79 with anything in life, I just think back to Mik and his smile. A great attitude can bring joy to those around you, or even 80 stranger to the top of a mountain. 61．A．performance B．business C．presentation D．adventure 62．A．questioned B．congratulated C．greeted D．invited 63．A．base B．peak C．forest D．border 64．A．covered B．equipped C．occupied D．treated 65．A．balanced B．exposed C．displayed D．folded 66．A．outside B．beside C．through D．over 67．A．thinner B．softer C．drier D．sweeter 68．A．looking after B．pointing to C．resting on D．waiting for 69．A．focus on B．comment on C．inquire into D．break into 70．A．locations B．conditions C．atmosphere D．competition 71．A．stop B．hurry C．relax D．move 72．A．ran B．talked C．smiled D．rode 73．A．slightly B．increasingly C．automatically D．equally 74．A．swing B．circle C．climb D．last 75．A．predictable B．available C．noticeable D．affordable 76．A．ambitious B．modest C．thankful D．cheerful 77．A．direction B．advantage C．attitude D．relationship 78．A．impression B．platform C．opportunity D．strength 79．A．cooperating B．struggling C．associating D．communicating 80．A．persuade B．introduce C．motivate D．recommend （2022·天津·高考真题）When I was in sixth grade, I joined the band program to learn to play the clarinet (单簧管). The beginning of the year had gone 81 . But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind. One day, when my teacher told us to play in front of the other students, I was filled with fear. I knew I would 82 . When I began to play, my rhythms (节奏) were good, but my tone was another 83 . “Did you practice your lesson?” the teacher barked at me. I felt so 84 and my world came 85 down in an instant. From then on, I hated playing the clarinet and I kept getting 86 . With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset. In a moment of 87 , I asked for sick leave. It was so relieving and such a(n) 88 way out. The avoidance of my lessons continued until my mum asked me about it. “I want to quit.” My tears started 89 . “If you really want to quit, why are you crying?” asked mum. She 90 and I realized I wanted to stay in band and, by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to 91 out of. I made a 92 not to hide from my fears and to stand up to even the worst of them, so a 93 could be achieved. The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem and couldn’t 94 why. She asked me gently to play for her. I tried, but only an unpleasant sound came out. She didn’t 95 at me and handed me a new reed (簧片). I put it in place and tried again. To my great 96 I could play well. My problem was solved and my fear was 97 a lot that year. 98 I’m glad that I overcame my fear. Fear can 99 everything in a person’s life. Hiding from those very fears only creates a hole, which makes a person stay 100 inside. After facing up to a fear, one may find life easier and much more enjoyable. 81．A．badly B．endlessly C．randomly D．smoothly 82．A．mess up B．move on C．set out D．take off 83．A．impression B．essay C．story D．factor 84．A．ashamed B．starved C．excited D．relaxed 85．A．crashing B．moving C．selling D．bending 86．A．stricter B．worse C．happier D．smarter 87．A．joy B．panic C．doubt D．sympathy 88．A．funny B．important C．easy D．traditional 89．A．drying B．disappearing C．flowing D．separating 90．A．had a point B．made a change C．reached a level D．took a break 91．A．send B．bring C．pick D．climb 92．A．request B．resolution C．presentation D．proposal 93．A．balance B．degree C．position D．solution 94．A．figure out B．give away C．think over D．make up 95．A．aim B．smile C．wave D．shout 96．A．anger B．sorrow C．disappointment D．surprise 97．A．felt B．shown C．removed D．voiced 98．A．Carrying on B．Looking back C．Stepping aside D．Turning around 99．A．consume B．examine C．reflect D．rescue 100．A．unknown B．unpunished C．interested D．trapped （2021·天津·高考真题）My brother and I are exactly one year apart. We look like twins, but we are completely 101 . By the time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother 102 meditation (冥想),while I was a born 103 who preferred the theatrical, even when off stage. I took his relative silence to be offensive. We simply didn't 104 . I didn't 105 having a tense relationship with my brother because I was involved at school. 106 , I threw myself into the world of musicals. I practised singing in the bedroom every day to remain at my best and be 107 for roles; my brother would meditate on a window seat. He might feel high school was already hard enough 108 my noisy singing. So space to practise became a（n） 109 between us because we shared a room. At the start of the semester, I practised “Circle of Life" for a musical. This was the first time I 110 to learn a song, because my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice. I was annoyed in that period and 111 practising, declaring I had reached the ceiling of my singing career. For the first time in years my brother 112 quiet when I got home. After two days of this, my brother asked me to 113 him in meditation. Feeling my anger at my inability to manage this song 114 ,I accepted. My brother said, "When your mind floats away, you simply come back. Don't blame yourself" I got the message, and it soon became my new 115 . I kept trying at the song, no longer getting 116 at myself. And just in time for the trial performance, I was able to 117 power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice. It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything 118 the first time and that good things come with continual 119 .I now understand why my brother favours the 120 . 101．A．mature B．different C．content D．normal 102．A．disliked B．preferred C．replaced D．abandoned 103．A．writer B．leader C．painter D．performer 104．A．get along B．drop by C．show off D．check in 105．A．try B．mind C．enjoy D．delay 106．A．In particular B．In vain C．In return D．In theory 107．A．humorous B．ordinary C．competitive D．grateful 108．A．above B．below C．near D．without 109．A．issue B．contrast C．agreement D．balance 110．A．struggled B．expected C．promised D．decided 111．A．began B．allowed C．stopped D．continued 112．A．hated B．experienced C．accepted D．wanted 113．A．help B．invite C．join D．admire 114．A．gracefully B．suddenly C．fiercely D．cautiously 115．A．limit B．sentence C．mistake D．philosophy 116．A．rude B．angry C．surprised D．excited 117．A．lose B．share C．reduce D．maintain 118．A．wrong B．right C．back D．down 119．A．luck B．absence C．effort D．fear 120．A．fight B．noise C．quiet D．safety （2021·天津·高考真题）For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 121 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 122 took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 123 . For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was 124 his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the 125 of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed 126 to get to work? With that thought in mind, Pruitt 127 a plan and posted it on the community website. He 128 to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again 129 . And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the 130 to buy one. The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty 131 bicycles. Then came more than 500 132 for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be 133 to their owners. Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are 134 struggling. 135 simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes. In addition to 136 skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. 137 , the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment. "It's a really great 138 for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a 139 , but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the 140 that he can make on people." 121．A．amazed B．mad C．curious D．frightened 122．A．emotions B．career C．opinions D．route 123．A．ever B．together C．instead D．yet 124．A．ride B．lock C．repair D．replace 125．A．lack B．variety C．increase D．quality 126．A．instruction B．qualification C．transportation D．permission 127．A．came up with B．stuck to C．gave up D．broke away from 128．A．remembered B．refused C．hesitated D．offered 129．A．by accident B．in advance C．for free D．on credit 130．A．profit B．budget C．courage D．excuse 131．A．shared B．used C．expensive D．modern 132．A．enquiries B．advertisements C．notices D．announcements 133．A．exported B．sold C．lent D．returned 134．A．hardly B．slightly C．truly D．instantly 135．A．Without B．Beyond C．Upon D．Among 136．A．practical B．commercial C．mathematical D．social 137．A．Otherwise B．However C．Somehow D．Meanwhile 138．A．promise B．celebration C．comfort D．experience 139．A．competition B．service C．ceremony D．suggestion 140．A．compromise B．impression C．impact D．progress ( 第 18 页 共 19 页 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ ( 第 16 讲： 重点题型之完形填空 ) 1、 考试要求 1.熟悉语篇结构，根据局内层次、句组层次和语篇层次答题 2.掌握答题技巧，明确答题步骤 3.掌握词汇基本用法通过真题和美文渗透文化意识、语言意识和思维品质 2、 命题分析 年份 体裁 字数 2024 记叙文 0.85 记叙文 0.65　 2023 记叙文 0.65 记叙文 0.65 2022 记叙文 0.65 记叙文 0.65　 考点一：五大方法速判句内层次题 句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信息凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。 【方法1 利用习惯搭配和固定结构解题】 It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be __41__ to the public because of Italy's privacy laws, 42.finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin. 41．A. attached B．allocated C．exposed D．submitted 【分析】本题可以利用习惯搭配解题。根据下文的“because of Italy's privacy laws”可知主人公的真名是隐私的、不可透露的。由此可知正确选项。 【方法2 利用生活常识和文化背景解题】 完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。解答完形填空题时，有时文章中提供的信息还不够，还需要把读者头脑中储存的一般知识信息结合起来考虑，最后作出符合常识的最佳答案。因此，考生的知识范围越广，则对文章的理解会更容易，整体上知道所选短文在说什么，那么局部上的每一个空填起来也会得心应手。因此解答完形填空题时，考生的英语语言知识和有关世界的知识，都发挥着重要的作用。 当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，先找出并理解文章主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节，注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。如： After ___2___ theBritish flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before theystarted the 950-mile journey back. A. growing B. puttingC. planting D. laying 【解析】根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案为plant。 【方法3 利用句子分析法解题】 完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。 However，within fifteen minutes of 39.arriving，my worries had gone. Everyone was so __40__ and like-minded that it was very 41.easy to feel at home. 40．A. confident B．friendly C．energetic D．curious 【分析】本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。从上述分析可以看出，第40题与“like-minded”形成对应关系。因为有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，由此可知正确选项。 【方法4 利用逻辑关系解题】 利用逻辑关系解题 尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落与段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。 (1) 句中逻辑关系 Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements—usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,and___45___nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arrangeddifferently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in thebody. A. mostly B. partly C.sometimes D. rarely 【解析】短文中的usually和and是本题逻辑推理的线索。And前后构成了并列关系，即and前的 usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen这些维生素成分和and 后面的nitrogen 成分形成并列关系，相应修饰 carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 的usually必然和修饰 nitrogen 的45空的词构成一一对应的逻辑关系。鉴于此，在45空考虑填入的应是和usually相对应的频度副词，而语义与usually略有不同。mostly 和partly都表示了部分、量的含义，与频度无关。rarely(很少地，罕有地)虽表示了频度关系，但其意义与usually相反，不符合一一对应的一致性，因此排除。只有C项sometimes(不时，有时)恰到好处地表示了and前后两部分的逻辑对应。故选C。 (2) 句间逻辑关系 在此，我们发现所谓逻辑关系并不抽象，它往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。当然，句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部，它还可以渗透到篇章的层面上，在句与句之间表现出来。如： Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash. ___13___, she encourages them to get___14___ ways to do business. A. Still B. Yet C.Instead D. While 【解析】根据前后句子的意思可推出两句间的逻辑关系是转折，意思是“Old Mr Cleveland把工人用带子捆绑起来(没有任何自由)，而她不那样，相反(instead)她鼓励雇员”。 (3) 段间逻辑关系 这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。如： Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, ___29___, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20thcentury, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s,radically changed the process, although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent. A. indeed B. hence C.however D. therefore 【解析】这里有两种情况，第一可能是第二段前后的逻辑体现;第二就是段落的前后衔接。但是，这个题出现在第二段的第一句，那么，从完形填空注重逻辑关系的命题思路来看，我们优先考虑第二种情况。前段末句意为“不是每个人都能够正确看待这个进程”。而第二段首句为“大家普遍认为”，显然这两者之间存在了逻辑意义上的相反，此处可能体现了一种转折关系。故选C。 When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 23.disturbing happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24.damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. __25__， the number of snakes had declined as well. 25．A. Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise 【解析】本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。空前提到“鸟的数量减少了”，空后提到“蛇的数量也减少了”，此处表示语意上的递进。 【方法5 利用语境暗示分析法解题】 上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。 She was__49__for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge，we shared in her50.delight at her recovery. As she was 51.leaving she was eager to say 52.goodbye to each of us in the nursing team. 49．A. grateful B．thoughtful C．sorrowful D．fearful 【解析】本题可通过语境暗示解题。根据下文中“everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her”可推知，她感激医护人员为她做的一切。thoughtful“周到的，体贴的”；sorrowful“悲伤的”；fearful“担心的，害怕的”。 考法二：四大技巧稳抓句组层次题 句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。 【技巧1 利用感情色彩关联解题】 考生在第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用。如： I was so surprisedthat I was ___47___(speechless). My cousin must have made an effort to gethimself into shape. ___48___(As a result), at the point in our game when I’dhave predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was___49___(instead) 7 to 9 and Ed was 50 (leading). 【解析】surprised 一词道出了情况的转折，我们可以看到这时作者用词的转变。made an effort，get into shape 等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择起到了很好的引导作用。speechless, instead 都是由惊讶得出的。 在完形填空中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。 【技巧2 利用语境暗示分析法解题】 在句组层次题中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。 3.【2021·全国卷甲卷】 Burchill was 41.staying at the hotel on business and planning to 42.visit some friends in the area. They had asked him to 43.bring some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he __44__ a suitcase full of pepperoni. 44．A. filled B．locked C．abandoned D．lost 【解析】本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文“They had asked him to 43.bring some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east”，可推知Burchill应该是装了一手提箱的辣香肠带给朋友，此题选A符合上下文语境。 【技巧4 利用词语复现解题】 复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。 一、原词复现 【2022•全国甲】When I first dated Steve, I learned he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was thrilled that he was an animal lover, I worried that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 46 the cat. 46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly 【解析】 46. A。虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。根据上文的“he had a dog, Molly, and a car, Flora (他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫)”可知，此处指作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora。故选A。 提醒：Flora—Flora原词复现 【2022·新高考I卷】My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years. Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we 22 along Chalk Creek. 22. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled 【解析】22. A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我们沿着白垩溪露营。A. camped露营；B. drove开车；C. walked散步；D. cycled骑自行车。根据上文“My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.”可知，此处指作者与家人一起在溪边露营。故选A。 提醒：camping ---camped原词复现 二、同义词复现 He 23 (offered) to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes，which he would repair again 24 . 24. A. by accident B. in advance C. for free D. on credit 【解析】24. C。by accident偶然；in advance提前；for free免费；on credit赊账。上文提到他主动提出为有需要的人免费修自行车，根据空前的again及语境可知，此处指他会再次免费修废弃的自行车。故选C。 提醒：free of charge与for free是同义词复现。 三、近义词复现 While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 (experience) at college for the better: I discovered ASL—American Sign Language (美式手语). 41. A. searching  B. planning C. natural  D. formal 【解析】41. A。根据首句提供的相关信息:high school与college，以及“not generally encourage students to explore”与“sets the stage for that exploration”分析判断，“我”亲身经历了这个探索过程，发现这个让“我”的大学的经历更加美好的东西:美式手语。故是searchingprocess(探索过程)，与前文的exploration吻合。本题可以利用语义复现解题。第41空是上文“explore”的近义词复现，故选A。 【2022·新高考I卷】Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly interrupted our peaceful morning trip. The 29 picked up and thunder rolled. 29. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed 【解析】29. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. noise噪音；C. temperature温度；D. speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。 提醒：storms—wind近义词复现 四、反义词复现 【2022·新高考Ⅱ卷】 She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world，stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore It might sound like one long，expensive 42 (vacation), but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel 43 . 43. A. safe B. busy C. helpful D. affordable 【解析】43. D。safe安全的；busy繁忙的；helpful有帮助的；affordable负担得起的。由but可知，此处与上文中的expensive(昂贵的)构成反义关系，也就是“便宜的”或“负担得起的”。故选D。 【2019·全国Ⅱ卷】Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49 . It just started licking(舔) Ehlers’ face. 49. A. surprise B. joy C. hesitation D. anxiety 【解析】49. B。设空处下一句Itjust started licking Ehlersface.(小狗开始舔Ehlers的脸)说明小狗见到Ehlers很高兴与之前的紧张和害怕形成对比。根据空后内容可知，此处指小狗的紧张和害怕被高兴(joy)所取代了。故选B。 提醒：Nervousness and fear—joy 是反义词复现 五、上下词复现 Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. .. One day they’ll 47(wake up) and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 48(lie) . I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 (consequences). I have a very strong 51 (fear) that the lie we’re telling is doing 52 (spiritual) damage to our children. 49. A. parents B. twins C. colleagues D. teachers 【解析】49. A。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。parents父母twins双胞胎colleagues同事teachers老师。根据下文to our children，可知这里意思是作者想知道父母是否应该说出真相。根据上文中提到的our twins，the kids以及下文中的our children可知，此处是指父母(parents)。故选A。 提醒：our twins，the kids以及下文中的our children与下文parents是总括与分述的词汇复现 We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47(child) sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49(see) or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. 48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears 【解析】48. A。foot脚；nose鼻子；hand手；ear耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。此处ears与下文中的hear是上下词复现。 提醒：ears与下文中的hear是上下词复现 考法三：七种逻辑提升语篇层次题 完形填空中主要考查七大逻辑关系：对立关系、并列和递进关系、目的和因果关系、条件关系、时间关系、层次和顺序关系、例证关系。 一、对立关系 对立关系包括让步、对比和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语有：but，however，yet(然而，但是)，on the contrary(相反)，by contrast(相比之下)，unfortunately，although，even though，while，nevertheless(然而，不过)，whereas(然而，反之)，in spite of(尽管)，regardless of(不管，不顾)，anyhow，after all(毕竟)，instead of(而不是)，rather than(而不是)，not...but，otherwise(否则)，or else，to the opposite(对立面)，compared with等。 For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44(interrepted) as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45(surprising) research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea. 46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested 【解析】句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained解释；B. confirmed证实；C. contradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。根据下文“Our19suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 40 _ when others use it.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。答案：C。 He has recently made a significant 16 (discovery)—loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes，but it can be 17 in a clever way. The 18(solution) Chat benches. 17. A. experienced B. suffered C. prevented D. felt 【解析】根据空格前的but与空格后的in a clever way及“Chat benches.”可知，虽然孤独会导致很多问题，但可以通过长椅聊天的方式来预防(prevent)。答案C。 二、并列和递进关系 并列和递进关系常用的标志词和短语有：and，or，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)...，similarly等。 A year later, much to my 58 delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 59 him to. That’s only for giving 60 water to the dogs that brought us together. 59. A. beg B. trust C. need D. aid 【解析】句意：他没有跪下，我也不需要他跪下。A. beg乞求；B. trust信任；C. need需要；D. aid帮助。由上文的“He did not kneel (跪) down (他没有跪下)”和常识可知，一般求婚是要下跪的，但史蒂夫没有下跪，作者对此并不在意，因为作者不需要他下跪。故选C。 The students who he’s 15 (driven) have gone on to become physicians，teachers and engineers，but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students 16 call him “Grandpa”. 16.A.even B. ever C. once D. already 【解析】根据语境，此处表示这些大学生视威尔逊为楷模和朋友，甚至(even)亲切地叫他“爷爷”。 答案A。 三、目的和因果关系 目的和因果关系常用的标志词和短语有：because，for，since，as，thus(因此)，hence(因此)，therefore，so，so...that，such...that，in order that，consequently(因此)，accordingly，due to，thanks to，on account of(由于，因为)，because of，seeing that(由于，因为)，in that(因为)，now that，as a result，for this reason等。 The ticket had a strict no-transfer(不可转让) 45 (policy)，but since passport information was not required when 46(booking)，any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can 47 it. 47. A. use B. borrow C. choose D. buy 【解析】因为前面提到预订的时候并不需要提供护照信息，所以任何叫Elizabeth Gallagher的加拿大人都可以用(use)这张票。borrow借入；choose选择；buy购买。答案 A。 四、条件关系 条件关系常用的标志词和短语有：if，unless，whether，supposing，on condition that，provided that，depending on等。 As you mark off another “Earth Day” in your calendars，content that for at least 24 hours I remained in your thoughts，I wanted to remind you that I am frightened that 41 I can’t soon receive the appropriate medicine and care I need，my illness will become terminal beyond all cures. 41. A. when B. though C. if D. unless 【解析】句意为：我担心如果我的疾病得不到恰当的医疗和我所需要的照料，我的疾病就是致命的。if引导条件状语从句。答案C。 五、时间关系 时间关系常用的标志词和短语有：before，since，as，until，meanwhile，at the moment，when，whenever，as soon as等。 For him，it was one thing to 49(accept) his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 50 it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. 50. A. until B. when C. unless D. before 【解析】根据下文“This moved him to action.”可知，对他来说在可以如此容易解决的情况下，让事情继续下去完全是另一回事。when“当……的时候”，符合此处语境。答案B。 六、层次和顺序关系 层次和顺序关系常用的标志词和短语有：besides，finally，first，firstly，further，eventually，in the first place，last，next，second，secondly，third，thirdly，to begin with，to start with，on the one hand，on the other hand等。 49 ，the couple found that their bodies turned for the better，with re-found strong muscles that they thought had 50.lost forever. 49. A. Initially B. Eventually C. Temporarily D. Consequently 【解析】最后(eventually)，夫妻俩发现他们的身体都有所好转。initially最初；temporarily临时地；consequently因此，所以。答案B。 七、例证关系 例证关系常用的标志词和短语有：all in all，altogether，in brief，in sum，in conclusion，in short，in summary，on the whole，to sum up，to summarize，as a proof，as an example，for example，for instance，in particular，just as，namely，such as，that is，as to，say等。 “I hope this method would be put into practice in the near future, 41 in the next 10 years,” he says. 41. A. imagine B. say C. suppose D. consider 【解析】say在此处用作举例，意为“譬如，比方说”。故选B项。 （2024·天津·高考真题）I had struggled with math since fourth grade, but worked very hard to 1 the smart students around me. In eleventh grade, much to my classmates 2 , I signed up for precalculus BC, the hardest math class. That was when I met Mr. Dena and told him I had 3 in math, yet I would try my hardest. He was convinced I could succeed 4 the doubts from my classmates. Mr. Dena kept an unforgettable 5 by Sir Isaac Newton on his chalk board: “If I have been able to see further, it is only because I stand on the shoulders of giants.” He reflected on that throughout the year and was 6 to teach us more than math. Mr. Dena occasionally gave partner tests, believing that we could solve hard problems together. He drew names out of a hat to 7 partners. Students were 8 out loud that they wouldn't be paired with me. As the “lucky” name was 9 , the class burst into laughter. My partner joked about being 10 with me. However, we worked well together and surprised everyone with our 11 on this test. I learned so much from my classmates and I realized this was really 12 we had partner tests. The final exam was Mr. Dena's final 13 to us, but I failed it. I told him I didn't understand how I could do so 14 on a test when I had studied so hard. He explained it's not about the grades; it's about true understanding. If studying didn't 15 on a test, it would someday. I knew then that 16 passing or failing tests, studying was about hard work and effort. And I 17 myself harder than I ever had. To be challenged in math really changed the way I 18 other challenges in life. I wasn't going to let a grade stop me from learning some of the best lessons of my life. Mr. Dena is one of the giants that Newton 19 . He has helped me see not only more 20 ideas than I thought possible, but who I can be. 1．A．keep up with B．give in to C．stay away from D．watch out for 2．A．sorrow B．delight C．surprise D．relief 3．A．talent B．methods C．innovation D．weaknesses 4．A．in spite of B．in case of C．in view of D．in consequence of 5．A．diary B．quote C．essay D．letter 6．A．embarrassed B．determined C．astonished D．puzzled 7．A．assign B．honor C．persuade D．monitor 8．A．reading B．singing C．praying D．applauding 9．A．registered B．changed C．abandoned D．picked 10．A．concerned B．stuck C．impressed D．content 11．A．negotiation B．mistake C．performance D．standard 12．A．when B．why C．where D．how 13．A．decision B．challenge C．instruction D．victory 14．A．accurately B．carefully C．effortlessly D．poorly 15．A．give out B．break down C．turn up D．pay off 16．A．beyond B．within C．upon D．across 17．A．praised B．defended C．pushed D．criticized 18．A．viewed B．created C．ignored D．presented 19．A．admires B．establishes C．measures D．describes 20．A．social B．mathematical C．psychological D．moral 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．B 14．D 15．D 16．A 17．C 18．A 19．D 20．B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】哲理感悟、记叙文 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从四年级开始学数学就很吃力，同学们都不愿意和作者进行小组活动，但作者却很努力，微积分课程的老师Mr. Dena让作者理解到了学习不是关乎于考试，而是努力和付出，付出终会有回报的。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从四年级开始，我的数学就很困难，但是我努力赶上我周围那些最聪明的学生。A. keep up with赶上；B. give in to向……屈服；C. stay away from远离；D. watch out for注意，留意。根据空前的“but worked very hard to”转折but可知，尽管我的数学学起来很费力，但我还是尽力追上、赶上周围的同学，故选A。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我的同学惊讶的是，我报名了微积分BC这一课程，最难的数学课。A. sorrow伤心；B. delight高兴；C. surprise惊讶；D. relief轻松。根据前文“I had struggled with math since fourth grade”可知，我本身学数学就有一定的困难，但我却报名了最难的数学课，这让我的同学很惊讶，故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是当我遇到Mr. Dena的时候，我告诉他，我在数学上有一定的弱点，但我会尽最大的努力。A. talent天赋；B. methods方法；C. innovation创新；D. weaknesses弱点，劣势。根据前文“I had struggled with math since fourth grade”可知，我本身学数学就有一定的困难，因此我告诉Mr. Dena，我学数学有一定的劣势，故选D。 4．考查短语词义辨析。句意：他让我相信，即使同学怀疑我，但我还是能成功。A. in spite of尽管；B. in case of以防……； C. in view of鉴于；D. in consequence of因为，由于……的结果。根据空后“the doubts from my classmates.”可知，即使我学数学有困难，即使同学对我有怀疑，但他让我相信，我还是能成功，故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mr. Dena在黑板上留下了Sir Isaac Newton的一句难忘的话：“如果我能看得更远，那是因为我站在巨人肩膀上。”A. diary日记；B. quote引文，引语；C. essay论文；D. letter信。根据后文“Sir Isaac Newton on his chalk board: “If I have been able to see further, it is only because I stand on the shoulders of giants.””可知，后文提到Mr. Dena引用了的Sir Isaac Newton一句话，写在黑板上，故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他一整年都在思考这一点，并决定要教我们除了数学以外更多的东西。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. determined有决心的；C. astonished惊讶的；D. puzzled困惑的。根据空前“He reflected on that throughout the year”可知，他全年都在思考“如果我能看得更远，那只是因为我站在巨人肩膀上”这一点，因此下定决心要教我们除了数学以外更多的东西，故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从帽子里抽出名字来分配搭档。A. assign分配；B. honor尊敬；C. persuade说服；D. monitor监视。根据前文“Mr. Dena occasionally gave partner tests”可知，他会给我们进行小组测试，因此从帽子里抽出名字来分配搭档，故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同学都大声祈祷不要跟我分在一组。A. reading阅读；B. singing唱歌；C. praying祈祷；D. applauding鼓掌。根据前文“I had struggled with math since fourth grade”可知，我学数学有一定的困难，因此在分组的时候，同学都大声祈祷不要跟我分在一组，故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当“幸运的”名字被挑选出来时，同学们都大笑起来。A. registered注册；B. changed改变；C. abandoned抛弃；D. picked挑选。根据前文“He drew names out of a hat”可知，Mr. Dena从帽子里抽出名字来分配搭档，因此当“幸运儿”的名字被选出来的时候，故选D。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的搭档开玩笑说被我缠住了。A. concerned关心的；B. stuck被困的，被缠住的；C. impressed印象深刻的；D. content满意的。根据前文“Students were 　　8　　 out loud that they wouldn't be paired with me.”可知，同学们都不想和我一组，因此我的搭档开玩笑说被我缠住了，我会拖累他，故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们合作得很好，并用我们在这次考试的成绩震惊了每个人。A. negotiation谈判；B. mistake错误；C. performance表现，成绩；D. standard标准。根据空后“on this test”可知，我们合作得很好，用考试的成绩震惊了每个人，故选C。 12．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我从同学那里学到了很多，并且我意识到，这也就是为什么我们有小组测试。A. when当……时候；B. why为什么；C. where哪里；D. how怎样。根据空后“we had partner tests”可知，我们进行小组测试的原因是因为我们能从搭档那里学到很多东西，故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：期末考试就是Mr. Dena对我们最后的考验，但我没能通过考试。A. decision决定；B. challenge挑战，考验；C. instruction指导；D. victory胜利。根据前文“The final exam”可知，期末考试是Mr. Dena对我们最后的考验，故选B。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我告诉他，我学习如此努力了，怎么还能在考得这么差。A. accurately准确地；B. carefully小心地；C. effortlessly不费力地；D. poorly差地。根据空后“when I had studied so hard”可知，我感到很疑惑，为什么我这么努力，考试成绩却这么差，故选D。 15．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：如果学习没有在考试上得到回报，那终有一天会有回报的。A. give out泄露，分发；B. break down垮掉；C. turn up出现；D. pay off取得回报。根据后文“He explained it's not about the grades; it's about true understanding.”可知，Mr. Dena解释道，学习是理解，而不是分数，因此如果努力没有在测试上取得回报，那终有一天会有回报的，故选D。 16．考查介词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，我知道了，学习是超出通过或者没通过考试的范围，是关乎于努力和汗水的。A. beyond超出……范围；B. within在……范围以内；C. upon在……上；D. across跨越。根据后文“studying was about hard work and effort.”可知，学习是关乎于努力和付出的，超出了通过考试或者没通过考试的范围，故选A。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我督促自己比之前更加努力了。A. praised表扬；B. defended辩护；C. pushed督促，催促；D. criticized批评。根据前文“I knew then that 　　16　　 passing or failing tests, studying was about hard work and effort.”可知，我理解到学习不是关于考试是否通过，而且关乎于努力和付出的，因此我督促自己比之前更加努力了，故选C。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：挑战数学真的改变了我看到生活中的挑战的方式。A. viewed看待；B. created创造；C. ignored忽视；D. presented呈现。根据空前“To be challenged in math really changed the way”可知，挑战数学改变了我看到生活中的挑战的方式，故选A。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mr. Dena就是Newton描述的巨人之一。A. admires钦佩；B. establishes建立；C. measures测量；D. describes描述。根据前文“Sir Isaac Newton on his chalk board: “If I have been able to see further, it is only because I stand on the shoulders of giants.””可知，Newton说过，“如果我能看得更远，那只是因为我站在巨人肩膀上”，而作者就将Mr. Dena视为Newton描述的巨人之一，让作者看得更远，故选D。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不仅让我看到了比我想象的更多的数学改变，还让我看到了我能成为什么。A. social社会的；B. mathematical有关数学的；C. psychological心理的；D. moral道德上的。根据前文“I signed up for precalculus BC, the hardest math class. That was when I met Mr. Dena”可知，Mr. Dena是我的数学老师，因此让我看到了比我想象的更多的数学概念，故选B。 （2024·天津·高考真题）At 23, I applied for my first job and it was not successful. When I received the 21 email, I felt disappointed and angry. I had spent days 22 the interview and in the end, I didn’t even know what went wrong. Months later, after a job interview at another company, I got a call From the manager. “ 23 , we decided to offer the job to someone else,” he said. “Would you like to hear the feedback (反馈)?” The manager went on to tell me I hadn’t expressed my 24 for applying for the position. The feedback was 25 to hear, but he was right. As I just wanted a job in my home city, I didn’t 26 much whether it fit my interests. The job at the company was something I was capable of doing, but I didn’t feel 27 about it — and that showed in the interview. From the non, I decided to carefully evaluate each job opening and only 28 at I was interested in. In my applications, I also began 29 clearly why I wanted that particular job. Soon my effort 30 , as I got an offer I was truly excited about. Years later, I found myself on the other side of the table, interviewing 31 for a position in my lab. One of them got my attention. On paper, his application looked 32 , but the interview went badly. He didn’t seem to have done any reading 33 about my research, which made me wonder 34 he was truly interested in working with me. When I called to tell him, I couldn’t offer him the 35 , he was disappointed. I then told him where he could 36 in future interviews. As the 37 went on, I got the sense that he was grateful for what I said. Nowadays, when my own trainees apply for positions else where, I encourage them to 38 feedback. It’s never pleasant to 39 constructive criticism, but if we are told where we are lagging (落后), we are more likely to avoid making the same 40 in the future. 21．A．congratulation B．invitation C．rejection D．complaint 22．A．taking up B．preparing for C．calling off D．passing down 23．A．Consequently B．Hopefully C．Surprisingly D．Unfortunately 24．A．requirement B．motivation C．imagination D．suggestion 25．A．tough B．pleasant C．frightening D．reasonable 26．A．care B．regret C．doubt D．know 27．A．nervous B．enthusiastic C．relaxed D．embarrassed 28．A．introduce B．abandon C．pursue D．display 29．A．examining B．stating C．judging D．instructing 30．A．came about B．faded away C．settled down D．paid off 31．A．officials B．candidates C．visitors D．employers 32．A．great B．easy C．confusing D．complicated 33．A．in advance B．on average C．by contrast D．for free 34．A．that B．when C．where D．whether 35．A．salary B．degree C．award D．position 36．A．continue B．serve C．improve D．participate 37．A．conversation B．adventure C．negotiation D．journey 38．A．set aside B．ask for C．put off D．contribute to 39．A．give away B．insist on C．listen to D．fight for 40．A．proposals B．decisions C．comments D．mistakes 【答案】 21．C 22．B 23．D 24．B 25．A 26．A 27．B 28．C 29．B 30．D 31．B 32．A 33．A 34．D 35．D 36．C 37．A 38．B 39．C 40．D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】记叙文、生活故事 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者两次面试失败后，通过获得反馈并调整求职策略，最终成功找到工作的经历。第一次失败后，他因缺乏反馈而感到失望和愤怒；第二次失败时，他得到了关于表达动机不清晰的反馈，这促使他开始仔细选择职位。最终，他只申请感兴趣的工作，并成功找到工作。后来作为面试官，作者会为求职者提供反馈，帮助他们改进。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我收到拒绝邮件时，我感到失望和愤怒。A. congratulation祝贺；B. invitation邀请；C. rejection拒绝；D. complaint投诉。根据后文“I felt disappointed and angry.”可知，作者会感到失望和愤怒说明被拒绝了。故选C。 22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我花了好几天准备面试，到最后，我甚至不知道哪里出了问题。A. taking up从事；B. preparing for准备；C. calling off取消；D. passing down传递。根据上文“I had spent days”以及宾语“the interview”指花时间准备面试。故选B。 23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“不幸的是，我们决定把这份工作给别人，”他说。A. Consequently结果；B. Hopefully有希望地；C. Surprisingly惊人地；D. Unfortunately不幸地。根据后文“we decided to offer the job to someone else”可知，工作给了别人，对作者来说是不幸地。故选D。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经理接着告诉我，我没有表达我申请这个职位的动机。A. requirement要求；B. motivation动机；C. imagination想象；D. suggestion建议。根据后文“I just wanted a job in my home city”可知，作者的动机只是想要一份工作，这是经理没有听到作者申请时所表达出的。故选B。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些反馈让人难以接受，但他是对的。A. tough艰难的；B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. frightening可怕的；D. reasonable合理的。根据后文“to hear, but he was right”中but表示转折，说明经理的话让作者难受，但却是事实。故选A。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为我只想在家乡找一份工作，所以我并不太在意这份工作是否符合我的兴趣。A. care关心，在意；B. regret后悔；C. doubt怀疑；D. know知道。根据上文“As I just wanted a job in my home city”以及后文“much whether it fit my interests”可知，作者只是想要一份工作，并不太在意这份工作是否符合自己的兴趣。故选A。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这家公司的工作是我有能力做的，但我对它没有热情——这在面试中表现出来了。A. nervous紧张的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. relaxed放松的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文作者面试被拒，说明作者对这份工作并没有热情，因此被经理拒绝了。故选B。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从一开始，我就决定仔细评估每一个工作机会，只追求我感兴趣的。A. introduce介绍；B. abandon抛弃；C. pursue追求；D. display展示。根据上文“I decided to carefully evaluate each job opening and only”可知，作者评估工作机会，是为了追求自己感兴趣的工作。故选C。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我的申请中，我也开始清楚地说明我为什么想要这份工作。A. examining检查；B. stating陈述；C. judging判断；D. instructing指导。根据后文“clearly why I wanted that particular job”指作者在申请中陈述自己申请的理由。故选B。 30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：很快，我的努力得到了回报，我得到了一份令我真正兴奋的工作。A. came about发生；B. faded away消失；C. settled down定居；D. paid off取得回报。根据后文“as I got an offer I was truly excited about”可知，作者得到了想要的工作，努力得到了回报。故选D。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年以后，我发现自己站在桌子的另一边，为我实验室的一个职位面试候选人。A. officials官员；B. candidates候选人；C. visitors游客；D. employers雇主。根据上文“I found myself on the other side of the table”可知，作者站在了桌子的另一边，即成为了面试候选人的面试官。故选B。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在纸上，他的申请书看起来不错，但面试进行得很糟糕。A. great不错的；B. easy容易的；C. confusing令人困惑的；D. complicated复杂的。根据后文“but the interview went badly”可知，but表示转折，申请书看起来不错，但面试进行得很糟糕。故选A。 33．考查介词短语辨析。句意：他似乎没有提前阅读我的研究，这让我怀疑他是否真的有兴趣和我一起工作。A. in advance提前；B. on average平均的；C. by contrast相比之下；D. for free免费地。根据后文“about my research, which made me wonder whether he was truly interested in working with me.”可知，作者怀疑他是否有兴趣和自己一起工作，所以推测他没有提前阅读作者的研究。故选A。 34．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他似乎没有提前阅读我的研究，这让我怀疑他是否真的有兴趣和我一起工作。A. that那；B. when当……时候；C. where在哪里；D. whether是否。此处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”应用whether。故选D。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我打电话告诉他我不能给他这个职位时，他很失望。A. salary薪水；B. degree度数；C. award奖品；D. position职位，位置。根据上文“for a position in my lab”可知，此处指给对方这个职位。故选D。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我告诉他在以后的面试中他可以改进的地方。A. continue继续；B. serve服务；C. improve改善；D. participate参加。根据后文“constructive criticism”可推测得知，作者告诉了对方面试中可以改进的地方。故选C。 37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着谈话的进行，我感觉到他对我所说的话很感激。A. conversation谈话；B. adventure冒险；C. negotiation谈判；D. journey旅程。根据上文“I then told him”指作者和对方进行了谈话。故选A。 38．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如今，当我自己的学员申请其他公司的职位时，我鼓励他们寻求反馈。A. set aside留出；B. ask for寻求；C. put off推迟；D. contribute to有助于。根据后文“feedback”可知，指面试者向面试官寻求反馈。故选B。 39．考查动词短语辨析。句意：听建设性的批评从来都不是一件愉快的事，但如果我们被告知我们落后的地方，我们更有可能避免在未来犯同样的错误。A. give away赠送；B. insist on坚持；C. listen to听；D. fight for为……而战。根据后文“constructive criticism”以及后文“we are told where we are lagging”指听建设性的批评，故选C。 40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：听建设性的批评从来都不是一件愉快的事，但如果我们被告知我们落后的地方，我们更有可能避免在未来犯同样的错误。A. proposals提议；B. decisions决定；C. comments评论；D. mistakes错误。根据上文“we are more likely to avoid making the same”可知，听从建议是为了避免犯同样的错误。故选D。 （2023·天津·高考真题）There are moments when strangers’ lives collide(碰撞)by accident, and even though they may never see each other again, they’ re changed forever. These can be moments when true character is 41 , often through acts of kindness and generosity of unlikely heroes.   Not long ago, I was a(n) 42 to that kind of moment. On a summer midnight, my parents and I had just 43 a long flight and started to walk through the empty airport when I saw a passenger suddenly fall to the ground. We 44 ran toward him. My parents, who are doctors, dropped everything and began trying to 45 what had happened. As they asked him questions and searched for a(n) 46 information card, other passengers from the flight joined us. My parents 47 that the man was hypoglycaemic(低血糖的) and in major need of sugar. 48 , the only thing we could find was a protein bar. We were 49 it would not be enough to save him. Just then, a young boy, Mecca, arrived at the 50 with the flight attendants(空乘人员). He quietly announced, “I have a Snickers(士力架巧克力)!” Nobody responded to him as they were in the 51 of trying to save a stranger's life. Mecca dug deep into his backpack, and 52 a Snickers. He then handed it to my father, who was trying to manage with the protein bar. Within seconds of the Snickers replacing the protein bar, the man regained 53 . Mecca, a fourth grader,   54 this stranger's life! No one could have guessed that earlier that night, Mecca had just been through a 55 time. His father's flight was unexpectedly canceled, 56 him to fly alone. He had never flown by himself before and was very nervous. His grandmother filled his backpack with candy to make him a little less 57 . When we told Mecca's parents of his 58 actions, they smiled from ear to ear. They were surprised that he had saved some candy and was able to think about the candy during the 59 . As time goes on, I remain 60 by the experience of witnessing a nine-year-old save a stranger's life. Even today Mecca's kindness continues to make me smile. 41．A．created B．revealed C．introduced D．preserved 42．A．witness B．visitor C．match D．exception 43．A．caught B．confirmed C．gotten off D．put off 44．A．safely B．accidentally C．casually D．immediately 45．A．get across B．figure out C．take down D．bring up 46．A．medical B．financial C．educational D．military 47．A．recalled B．determined C．admitted D．guaranteed 48．A．Instead B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．However 49．A．worried B．confused C．embarrassed D．annoyed 50．A．station B．destination C．scene D．department 51．A．chaos B．possession C．habit D．direction 52．A．gave away B．set aside C．pulled out D．kept off 53．A．memory B．appetite C．independence D．consciousness 54．A．risked B．saved C．sacrificed D．respected 55．A．proper B．tough C．enjoyable D．mysterious 56．A．forcing B．urging C．reminding D．permitting 57．A．guilty B．anxious C．sensitive D．doubtful 58．A．modest B．ambitious C．heroic D．confident 59．A．flight B．operation C．performance D．emergency 60．A．relieved B．puzzled C．frustrated D．inspire 【答案】 41．B 42．A 43．C 44．D 45．B 46．A 47．B 48．D 49．A 50．C 51．A 52．C 53．D 54．B 55．B 56．A 57．B 58．C 59．D 60．D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】记叙文、善行义举（个人）、生活故事 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个乘客在机场低血糖突然倒地，陌生人们一起帮忙，其中一个年仅九岁的男孩麦加用自己的巧克力救了这个人的命。这种不期而遇的碰撞可以改变人们的生命，也可以展现出人性中最善良的一面。 41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些时刻可能揭示了真正的品格，通常是通过非凡英雄的善良和慷慨的行为展现出来的。A. created创造；B. revealed揭示；C. introduced引入；D. preserved保护。根据前文“There are moments when strangers’ lives collide(碰撞)by accident, and even though they may never see each other again, they’ re changed forever.”以及后文“often through acts of kindness and generosity of unlikely heroes.”可知，有时候，陌生人的生活会因为偶然的碰撞而交错在一起，即使他们可能永远不会再见面，他们也会永远改变。这些时刻通常是通过非凡英雄的善良和慷慨的行为展现出来的，可能揭示了真正的品格。故选B。 42．考查名次词义辨析。句意：不久以前，我也曾目睹过这样的时刻。A. witness目击者，亲历者；B. visitor访问者；C. match比赛；D. exception例外。根据后文“that kind of moment.”以及后文的内容，可知此处表示作者也是这个时刻的亲历者。故选A。 43．考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：一个夏天的午夜，我和父母刚下了长途飞机，正要穿过空荡荡的机场，突然看到一位乘客摔倒在地。A. caught抓住；B. confirmed确认；C. gotten off下车；D. put off推迟。根据后文“started to walk through the empty airport”可知，作者和父母刚下飞机，走出空荡荡的机场。故选C。 44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们立即向他跑去。A. safely安全地；B. accidentally意外地；C. casually随意地；D. immediately立即地。根据“I saw a passenger suddenly fall to the ground.”可知，突然看到有人倒下，故作者和家人立刻跑过去。故选D。 45．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我的父母都是医生，他们放下了手上的东西，开始试图弄清楚到底发生了什么。A. get across理解；B. figure out弄清楚；C. take down拆除；D. bring up提出。根据前文“dropped everything and began trying to”可知，因为作者的父母放下手里的东西去弄清楚到底发生了什么。故选B。 46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他们问他问题并寻找医疗信息卡时，航班上的其他乘客也加入了我们。A. medical医疗的；B. financial金融的；C. educational教育的；D. military军事的。根据“information card”以及后文的“the man was hypoglycaemic”可知，在男人倒下后，作者的父母询问相关的医疗信息卡，原来男人是低血糖而倒下。故选A。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为这个人患有低血糖症，非常需要糖。A. recalled回忆起；B. determined决定，确定；C. admitted承认；D. guaranteed保证。根据“that the man was hypoglycaemic(低血糖的)”可知，父母确定因为低血糖男人才倒下。故选B。 48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们唯一能找到的是一个蛋白质棒。A. Instead相反；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. However然而。根据“the only thing we could find was a protein bar.”可知，男人倒下是因为低血糖，需要糖回升血糖，而当前只能找到一个蛋白质棒，前后构成转折关系。故选D。 49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们担心这不足以救他。A. worried担心的；B. confused困惑的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据“it would not be enough to save him”可知，因为当前只能找到一个蛋白质棒，因此作者和家人担心这不足以救助倒下的男人。故选A。 50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，一个名叫麦加的小男孩和空乘人员来到了现场。A. station站；B. destination目的地；C. scene场景；D. department部门。根据“Mecca, arrived at the”可知，一个名叫麦加的小男孩和空乘人员来到了现场。故选C。 51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有人回应他，因为他们正处于混乱之中拯救一个陌生人的生命。A. chaos混乱；B. possession拥有；C. habit习惯；D. direction方向。根据“trying to save a stranger's life”可知，因为在场的人都处于混乱之中拯救陌生人的生命，因此没人回复他。故选A。 52．考查动词短语辨析。句意：麦加从背包里掏出一块士力架。A. gave away赠送；B. set aside搁置；C. pulled out拉出；D. kept off避开。根据“Mecca dug deep into his backpack,”可知，麦加在背包里翻了半天，掏出一块士力架。故选C。 53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：士力架代替了蛋白质棒，几秒钟后，这名男子就恢复了意识。A. memory记忆力；B. appetite食欲；C. independence独立；D. consciousness意识。根据“Within seconds of the Snickers replacing the protein bar,”可知，当士力架代替了蛋白质棒，男子血糖恢复，几秒钟后，这名男子就恢复了意识。故选D。 54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：四年级学生麦加救了这个陌生人的命！A. risked冒险；B. saved拯救；C. sacrificed牺牲；D. respected尊敬。根据“this stranger's life”可知，四年级学生麦加救了这个陌生人的命。故选B。 55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有人能想到，那天晚上早些时候，麦加刚刚经历了一段艰难的时期。A. proper适当的；B. tough艰难的；C. enjoyable令人愉快的；D. mysterious神秘的。根据后文“His father's flight was unexpectedly canceled,  ___16___ him to fly alone.”可知，他父亲的航班意外取消，迫使他独自飞行，由此可知麦加刚刚经历了一段艰难的时期。故选B。 56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他父亲的航班意外取消，迫使他独自飞行。A. forcing强迫，迫使；B. urging催促；C. reminding提醒；D. permitting允许。根据“His father's flight was unexpectedly canceled,”可知，由于麦加父亲的航班意外取消，由此迫使麦加独自乘坐航班。故选A。 57．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的祖母在他的背包里装满了糖果，让他不那么焦虑。A. guilty愧疚的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. doubtful怀疑的。根据“He had never flown by himself before and was very nervous.”可知，麦加从未独自做过航班，因此祖母在其包中装满糖果不让他焦虑。故选B。 58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们把麦加的英勇事迹告诉他的父母时，他们笑得合不拢嘴。A. modest谦虚的；B. ambitious有抱负的；C. heroic英勇的；D. confident自信的。根据前文“Mecca dug deep into his backpack, and ___12___ a Snickers. He then handed it to my father, who was trying to manage with the protein bar.”可知，作者将麦加救助低血糖男人的英雄过程告诉了麦加的父母。故选C。 59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们都很惊讶，麦加还存了一些糖果，在紧急情况下还能想到糖果。A. flight航班；B. operation手术；C. performance表演；D. emergency紧急情况。根据前文麦加递送士力架给作者的父亲以及“was able to think about the candy”可知，麦加的父母很惊讶，在低血糖男子倒下的紧急情况下麦加还能想到糖果。故选D。 60．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的流逝，目睹一个九岁的孩子救了一个陌生人的生命的经历仍然激励着我。A. relieved放心的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. frustrated沮丧的；D. inspired激励的。根据“Even today Mecca's kindness continues to make me smile.”可知，在经历此事后，直到今天，麦加的善良仍然让作者微笑，由此一个九岁的孩子麦加拯救陌生人的经历激励着作者。故选D。 （2023·天津·高考真题）In my early thirties, I decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa at 5, 895 meters above sea level. After months of preparation, I started my great 61 .At the base of the mountain, I met Mik, a local porter, who warmly 62 me. Mik’s job was to carry my equipment up the mountain, set up the tent (帐篷), and carry everything back down after reaching the 63 . Mik stood about 1.6 meters tall. I was 64 with a pack nearly as tall as his whole body. Just imagine this little man with the huge equipment 65 on his head. The first day of the climb was 66 the rain forest, across a slippery (滑的), muddy ground covered with tree roots and vines (藤蔓). Mik was carrying 30 kilos on his head! By that evening, we made it to 3, 000 meters. The air was 67 and it was colder. When I arrived at the campsite for the night, my tent was already set up and 68 me. Day two was much steeper (陡峭的) and rockier. I really had to 69 what I was doing. And I felt guilty for the tough.   70 Mik had to work in Yet when I turned to Mik, he said with the biggest smile, “Polle, polle, ”which means“ 71 , take it easy” in his native language. I 72 back, my burden lighter somehow. Over the next five days, the climb got 73 difficult. The temperatures could 74 from 21°C to below freezing in a few hours. At 5, 700 meters, there’s only half the oxygen 75 in each breath compared to at sea level. That leaves many people with severe headache. Yet Mik remained 76 . He always had a smile and a positive 77 .It had an enormous impact on me, giving me the 78 to keep going. Even today, when I find myself 79 with anything in life, I just think back to Mik and his smile. A great attitude can bring joy to those around you, or even 80 stranger to the top of a mountain. 61．A．performance B．business C．presentation D．adventure 62．A．questioned B．congratulated C．greeted D．invited 63．A．base B．peak C．forest D．border 64．A．covered B．equipped C．occupied D．treated 65．A．balanced B．exposed C．displayed D．folded 66．A．outside B．beside C．through D．over 67．A．thinner B．softer C．drier D．sweeter 68．A．looking after B．pointing to C．resting on D．waiting for 69．A．focus on B．comment on C．inquire into D．break into 70．A．locations B．conditions C．atmosphere D．competition 71．A．stop B．hurry C．relax D．move 72．A．ran B．talked C．smiled D．rode 73．A．slightly B．increasingly C．automatically D．equally 74．A．swing B．circle C．climb D．last 75．A．predictable B．available C．noticeable D．affordable 76．A．ambitious B．modest C．thankful D．cheerful 77．A．direction B．advantage C．attitude D．relationship 78．A．impression B．platform C．opportunity D．strength 79．A．cooperating B．struggling C．associating D．communicating 80．A．persuade B．introduce C．motivate D．recommend 【答案】 61．D 62．C 63．B 64．B 65．A 66．C 67．A 68．D 69．A 70．B 71．C 72．C 73．B 74．A 75．B 76．D 77．C 78．D 79．B 80．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】记叙文、个人经历、生活故事 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者攀登非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山的经历，并强调了保持积极态度的重要性。 61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几个月的准备，我开始了我伟大的冒险。A. performance表现、表演；B. business生意；C. presentation介绍；D. adventure冒险。根据上文“In my early thirties, I decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa at 5, 895 meters above sea level.”可知，作者决定攀登非洲最高峰，这自然是冒险。故选D。 62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在山脚下，我遇到了当地的搬运工Mik，他热情地和我打招呼。A. questioned质疑；B. congratulated祝贺；C. greeted欢迎；D. invited邀请。根据“a local porter”可知，Mik是搬运工，那么自然在山脚迎接作者。故选C。 63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mik的工作是把我的设备搬上山，支好帐篷，到达山顶后再把所有东西搬下来。A. base底部、基地；B. peak顶峰；C. forest森林；D. border边界。根据上文“Mik’s job was to carry my equipment up the mountain, set up the tent (帐篷), and carry everything back down”可知，Mik需要帮助作者把东西搬上去，然后到达山顶再卸下来。故选B。 64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我佩带的背包几乎和他的整个身体一样高。A. covered覆盖；B. equipped配备；C. occupied占据；D. treated对待。根据“with a pack nearly as tall as his whole body”可知，作者登山所装备的物品。短语：be equipped with，意为“装备有……”，符合句意。故选B。 65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可以想象这个小个子男人头顶着巨大的装备，却依然保持着平衡的样子。A. balanced平衡；B. exposed暴露；C. displayed展示；D. folded折叠。根据前文“Just imagine this little man with the huge equipment”和句意可知，Mik是个搬运工，所以他不仅要头顶着装备，还得保持平衡。故选A。 66．考查介词词义辨析。句意：攀爬的第一天要穿过热带雨林，穿过一片长满树根和藤蔓的湿滑泥泞的地面。A. outside在……外；B. beside在……旁；C. through通过；D. over超越。根据空后的“the rain forest, across a slippery (滑的), muddy ground covered with tree roots and vines (藤蔓).”可知，空处指的是“穿过”热带雨林，从内部穿过，用介词through。故选C。 67．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：空气更稀薄，也更冷。A. thinner更稀薄；B. softer更软；C. drier更干燥；D. sweeter更甜蜜。根据前文“ Mik was carrying 30 kilos on his head! By that evening, we made it to 3, 000 meters.”和常理可知，越往山上走，空气越稀薄。故选A。 68．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我到达露营地过夜时，我的帐篷已经搭好了，正等着我。A. looking after照顾；B. pointing to指向；C. resting on依靠；D. waiting for等待。根据上文的“my tent was already set up”可知，作者的帐篷已经搭好了，所以应该是在等着作者。故选D。 69．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我必须专注于我正在做的事情。A. focus on专注于；B. comment on评论；C. inquire into调查；D. break into闯入、突然发出。根据空前的“Day two was much steeper (陡峭的) and rockier.”可知，路很难走，所以作者得专注。故选A。 70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对Mik不得不在这样艰苦的条件下工作感到内疚。A. locations方位；B. conditions条件；C. atmosphere氛围；D. competition竞赛。根据上文“Day two was much steeper(陡峭的)and rockier”可知，作者是对于Mik不得不在这样艰苦的条件下工作而感到内疚。故选B。 71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我转向Mik时，他面带笑容地说：“Polle，Polle”，在他的母语中，意思是“放松，放轻松”。A. stop停下；B. hurry急忙；C. relax放松；D. move移动。根据空后的“take it easy”可推测，空处指的是放松。故选C。 72．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也报以微笑，我的负担不知怎么减轻了。A. ran跑；B. talked谈论；C. smiled笑；D. rode骑行。根据上文“Yet when I turned to Mik, he said with the biggest smile,”可知，Mik是在对着作者笑，因此空处指的是作者也对着Mik笑。故选C。 73．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的五天里，攀登变得越来越困难。A. slightly稍微；B. increasingly逐渐地、越来越……；C. automatically自动地；D. equally同样地。根据“The temperatures could ___14___from 21°C to below freezing in a few hours. ”和常识可知，越往上攀爬越困难。故选B。 74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几小时内，气温就会从21摄氏度降到冰点以下。A. swing摇摆；B. circle转圈；C. climb爬；D. last持续。根据空后的“from 21°C to below freezing in a few hours.”可知，空处指的是气温的变化。故选A。 75．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在海拔5700米的地方，每次呼吸所含的氧气只有海平面的一半。A. predictable可预测的；B. available可利用的、可得到的；C. noticeable显而易见的；D. affordable承担得起的。根据空前“At 5, 700 meters, there’s only half the oxygen”可知，空处指的是在海拔5700米的地方的氧气含量只有海平面的一半。故选B。 76．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Mik仍然很高兴。A. ambitious有雄心的；B. modest谦虚的；C. thankful感激的；D. cheerful高兴的。根据下文“He always had a smile and a positive  ___17___  .”可知，Mik一直都表现得很高兴。故选D。 77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他总是面带微笑，态度积极。A. direction方向；B. advantage优点；C. attitude态度；D. relationship关系。根据空前“He always had a smile”以及下文“A great attitude can bring joy to those around you, or even___20___stranger to the top of a mountain.”可知，Mik拥有积极的生活态度。故选C。 78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它对我产生了巨大的影响，给了我继续前进的力量。A. impression印象；B. platform月台、平台；C. opportunity机会；D. strength力气。根据下文“A great attitude can bring joy to those around you, or even ___20___ stranger to the top of a mountain.”可知，Mik积极的态度对作者有很大的影响，激励作者前行，也就是给了作者前行的力量。故选D。 79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使在今天，当我发现自己在生活中挣扎时，我也会想起Mik和他的微笑。A. cooperating合作；B. struggling挣扎；C. associating联系；D. communicating交流。根据下文“with anything in life, I just think back to Mik and his smile”和上文内容可知，作者爬山是冒险，也就是在挣扎；由此可知，作者指的是即便在现在，只要作者很辛苦地挣扎时，作者都会想到Mik。故选B。 80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：良好的态度可以给你周围的人带来快乐，甚至可以激励陌生人登上山顶。A. persuade劝服；B. introduce介绍；C. motivate激励；D. recommend推荐。根据上文“It had an enormous impact on me, giving me the ___18___ to keep going.”可知，Mik的态度一直激励着作者继续前行。故选C。 （2022·天津·高考真题）When I was in sixth grade, I joined the band program to learn to play the clarinet (单簧管). The beginning of the year had gone 81 . But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind. One day, when my teacher told us to play in front of the other students, I was filled with fear. I knew I would 82 . When I began to play, my rhythms (节奏) were good, but my tone was another 83 . “Did you practice your lesson?” the teacher barked at me. I felt so 84 and my world came 85 down in an instant. From then on, I hated playing the clarinet and I kept getting 86 . With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset. In a moment of 87 , I asked for sick leave. It was so relieving and such a(n) 88 way out. The avoidance of my lessons continued until my mum asked me about it. “I want to quit.” My tears started 89 . “If you really want to quit, why are you crying?” asked mum. She 90 and I realized I wanted to stay in band and, by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to 91 out of. I made a 92 not to hide from my fears and to stand up to even the worst of them, so a 93 could be achieved. The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem and couldn’t 94 why. She asked me gently to play for her. I tried, but only an unpleasant sound came out. She didn’t 95 at me and handed me a new reed (簧片). I put it in place and tried again. To my great 96 I could play well. My problem was solved and my fear was 97 a lot that year. 98 I’m glad that I overcame my fear. Fear can 99 everything in a person’s life. Hiding from those very fears only creates a hole, which makes a person stay 100 inside. After facing up to a fear, one may find life easier and much more enjoyable. 81．A．badly B．endlessly C．randomly D．smoothly 82．A．mess up B．move on C．set out D．take off 83．A．impression B．essay C．story D．factor 84．A．ashamed B．starved C．excited D．relaxed 85．A．crashing B．moving C．selling D．bending 86．A．stricter B．worse C．happier D．smarter 87．A．joy B．panic C．doubt D．sympathy 88．A．funny B．important C．easy D．traditional 89．A．drying B．disappearing C．flowing D．separating 90．A．had a point B．made a change C．reached a level D．took a break 91．A．send B．bring C．pick D．climb 92．A．request B．resolution C．presentation D．proposal 93．A．balance B．degree C．position D．solution 94．A．figure out B．give away C．think over D．make up 95．A．aim B．smile C．wave D．shout 96．A．anger B．sorrow C．disappointment D．surprise 97．A．felt B．shown C．removed D．voiced 98．A．Carrying on B．Looking back C．Stepping aside D．Turning around 99．A．consume B．examine C．reflect D．rescue 100．A．unknown B．unpunished C．interested D．trapped 【答案】 81．D 82．A 83．C 84．A 85．A 86．B 87．B 88．C 89．C 90．A 91．D 92．B 93．D 94．A 95．D 96．D 97．C 98．B 99．A 100．D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】哲理感悟、音乐与舞蹈、记叙文 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为自己单簧管演奏得不好，感到很沮丧，决定逃避，在妈妈的启发下，作者决定面对恐惧，找到老师寻求帮助，最终解决了问题，也战胜了自己的恐惧。 81．考查副词词义辨析。句意：年初进展顺利。A. badly严重地；B. endlessly无穷地；C. randomly随机地；D. smoothly顺利地。根据下文“But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind.”可知，上下文为转折关系，年初进展顺利，但随着大多数学生的进步，我似乎落后了。故选D项。 82．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我知道我会搞砸的。A. mess up搞砸；B. move on继续前进；C. set out动身，出发；D. take off起飞。根据上文“I seemed to fall behind”可知，我似乎落后于其他同学，由此可知，我认为自己演奏的不好，会搞砸的。故选A项。 83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我开始演奏时，我的节奏很好，但我的音调是另一回事。A. impression印象；B. essay散文；C. story故事，情节；D. factor因素。根据上文“I seemed to fall behind”可知，我演奏的不好，虽然节奏很好，但演奏不在调上，音调是另一回事，“my tone was another story”用来描述演奏不在调上。故选C项。 84．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很羞愧，我的世界瞬间崩溃了。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. starved饥饿的；C. excited兴奋的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“Did you practice your lesson?”可知，老师质疑我的演奏，怀疑我没有练习，由此可知，我为此感到羞愧。故选A项。 85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感到很羞愧，我的世界瞬间崩溃了。A. crashing崩溃；B. moving移动；C. selling出售；D. bending弯曲。根据上文“Did you practice your lesson?”可知，老师质疑我的演奏，怀疑我没有练习，由此可知，我感到很羞愧，感觉世界瞬间崩溃了。故选A项。 86．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我讨厌吹单簧管，而且越来越糟糕。A. stricter更严格的；B. worse更糟的；C. happier更快乐的；D. smarter更聪明的。根据下文“I grew increasingly upset”可知，我感到越来越沮丧，由此可知，我的状态越来越糟糕。故选B项。 87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一阵恐慌中，我请了病假。A. joy喜悦；B. panic恐慌；C. doubt疑惑；D. sympathy同情。根据上文“I hated playing the clarinet”和“With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset.”可知，我讨厌吹单簧管，我感到越来越沮丧，由此可知，因为对即将到来的表演感到恐慌，所以我请了病假。故选B项。 88．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种解脱和容易的方式。A. funny有趣的；B. important重要的；C. easy容易的；D. traditional传统的。根据上文“I hated playing the clarinet”可知，我讨厌吹单簧管，由此可知，我请了病假，这是一种让我解脱的容易的方式，我可以不再面对单簧管表演。故选C项。 89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我想退出。”我的眼泪开始流下来。A. drying使变干；B. disappearing消失；C. flowing流动；D. separating使分开。根据下文“why are you crying”可知，我哭了，由此可知，我的眼泪流了下来。故选C项。 90．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她说得很有道理，我意识到我想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。A. had a point有道理；B. made a change做出改变；C. reached a level达到一定水平；D. took a break休息一下。根据句中“I realized I wanted to stay in band and”可知，我意识到我想留在乐队里，由此可知，我认为妈妈的话“If you really want to quit, why are you crying?(如果你真的想退出，为什么要哭？)”说得很有道理，如果我真想退出，就不会哭。故选A项。 91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说得很有道理，我意识到我想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。A. send发送；B. bring带来；C. pick挑选；D. climb爬。根据句中“created a black hole”可知，我无法面对我的恐惧，就像给自己创造了一个黑洞，很难爬出来。故选D项。 92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧，即使是最糟糕的恐惧，我也要与之对抗，这样才能找到解决办法。A. request请求；B. resolution正式决定，决心；C. presentation演示；D. proposal提议。根据句中“stand up to even the worst of them”可知，我决定与恐惧对抗，由此可知，我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧。故选B项。 93．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧，即使是最糟糕的恐惧，我也要与之对抗，这样才能找到解决办法。A. balance平衡；B. degree程度，度数；C. position位置；D. solution解决办法。根据句中“stand up to even the worst of them”可知，我决定与恐惧对抗，是为了找到解决问题的办法。故选D项。 94．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：第二天，我见到了我的乐队老师，告诉她我有一个问题，不理解为什么会这样。A. figure out理解，想出；B. give away赠送；C. think over仔细考虑；D. make up编造。根据句中“The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem”可知，我把问题告诉老师，由此可知，我不理解为什么会这样，所以才请教老师。故选A项。 95．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她没有冲我大喊大叫，递给我一个新簧片。A. aim目的是；B. smile微笑；C. wave挥手；D. shout喊叫。根据句中“She asked me gently to play for her.”可知，老师温柔地让我为她演奏，由此可知，她愿意帮助我解决问题，得知我的问题后，没有冲我大喊大叫。故选D项。 96．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我非常惊讶的是，我能演奏得很好。A. anger愤怒；B. sorrow悲伤；C. disappointment失望；D. surprise惊讶。根据句中“I could play well”可知，我之前一直演奏不好，突然能演奏得很好，这令我感到惊讶。故选D项。 97．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那一年，我的问题解决了，我的恐惧消除了很多。A. felt感觉到；B. shown展示；C. removed去除，使消失；D. voiced表达，吐露。根据句中“My problem was solved”可知，我的问题解决了，由此可知，我的恐惧消除了很多，不再那么害怕演奏了。故选C项。 98．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：回首往事，我很高兴我克服了恐惧。A. Carrying on继续；B. Looking back回顾，回首往事；C. Stepping aside下台，让位；D. Turning around转身，调转方向。根据句中“I overcame my fear”可知，我克服了恐惧是发生在过去的事，由此可知，句中指回首往事，我很高兴我克服了恐惧。故选B项。 99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：恐惧会消耗一个人生活中的一切。A. consume消耗；B. examine检查；C. reflect反映；D. rescue营救。根据上文“by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____ out of”可知，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我陷入困境，无法面对生活，由此可知，恐惧会消耗一个人生活中的一切。故选A项。 100．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：躲避这些恐惧只会造成一个洞，让人困在里面。A. unknown未知的；B. unpunished未受惩罚的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. trapped受困的。根据上文“by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____ out of”可知，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞，由此可知，躲避恐惧只会造成一个洞，人被困在里面。故选D项。 （2021·天津·高考真题）My brother and I are exactly one year apart. We look like twins, but we are completely 101 . By the time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother 102 meditation (冥想),while I was a born 103 who preferred the theatrical, even when off stage. I took his relative silence to be offensive. We simply didn't 104 . I didn't 105 having a tense relationship with my brother because I was involved at school. 106 , I threw myself into the world of musicals. I practised singing in the bedroom every day to remain at my best and be 107 for roles; my brother would meditate on a window seat. He might feel high school was already hard enough 108 my noisy singing. So space to practise became a（n） 109 between us because we shared a room. At the start of the semester, I practised “Circle of Life" for a musical. This was the first time I 110 to learn a song, because my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice. I was annoyed in that period and 111 practising, declaring I had reached the ceiling of my singing career. For the first time in years my brother 112 quiet when I got home. After two days of this, my brother asked me to 113 him in meditation. Feeling my anger at my inability to manage this song 114 ,I accepted. My brother said, "When your mind floats away, you simply come back. Don't blame yourself" I got the message, and it soon became my new 115 . I kept trying at the song, no longer getting 116 at myself. And just in time for the trial performance, I was able to 117 power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice. It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything 118 the first time and that good things come with continual 119 .I now understand why my brother favours the 120 . 101．A．mature B．different C．content D．normal 102．A．disliked B．preferred C．replaced D．abandoned 103．A．writer B．leader C．painter D．performer 104．A．get along B．drop by C．show off D．check in 105．A．try B．mind C．enjoy D．delay 106．A．In particular B．In vain C．In return D．In theory 107．A．humorous B．ordinary C．competitive D．grateful 108．A．above B．below C．near D．without 109．A．issue B．contrast C．agreement D．balance 110．A．struggled B．expected C．promised D．decided 111．A．began B．allowed C．stopped D．continued 112．A．hated B．experienced C．accepted D．wanted 113．A．help B．invite C．join D．admire 114．A．gracefully B．suddenly C．fiercely D．cautiously 115．A．limit B．sentence C．mistake D．philosophy 116．A．rude B．angry C．surprised D．excited 117．A．lose B．share C．reduce D．maintain 118．A．wrong B．right C．back D．down 119．A．luck B．absence C．effort D．fear 120．A．fight B．noise C．quiet D．safety 【答案】 101．B 102．B 103．D 104．A 105．B 106．A 107．C 108．D 109．A 110．A 111．C 112．B 113．C 114．A 115．D 116．B 117．D 118．B 119．C 120．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】哲理感悟、家人和亲人 、夹叙夹议 【分析】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者喜欢表演，哥哥喜欢冥想，二者性格爱好完全不同，关系紧张。在作者遭遇失败时，哥哥教给他冥想，作者从中悟出了做事的哲理，取得了成功。 101．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们看起来像双胞胎，但实际上我们是完全不同的。A. mature成熟的；B. different不同的；C. content满意的；D. normal正常的。根据下文“my older brother ____2____ meditation (冥想),while I was a born ____3____ who preferred the theatrical,”哥哥喜欢冥想而作者喜欢表演，前后对比可知二者性格不同。故选B。 102．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到我们上中学的时候，很明显，我哥哥更喜欢冥想，而我是一个天生的表演者，喜欢戏剧，即使是在舞台下。A. disliked不喜欢；B. preferred更喜欢；C. replaced取代；D. abandoned抛弃，放弃。根据句中对比的内容“while I was a born ____3____ who preferred the theatrical”和preferred呼应，可知哥哥更喜欢冥想。故选B。 103．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到我们上中学的时候，很明显，我哥哥更喜欢冥想，而我是一个天生的表演者，喜欢戏剧，即使是在舞台下。A. writer作家；B. leader领导者；C. painter画家；D. performer表演者。根据“the theatrical ,even when off stage.”和下文的“in time for the trial performance”可知作者喜欢表演。故选D。 104．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们就是合不来。A. get along相处，进展；B. drop by顺便拜访；C. show off炫耀；D. check in登记，报到。根据上句“I took his relative silence to be offensive.”及下文“a tense relationship with my brother”作者和哥哥性格和爱好不同，作者甚至认为哥哥相对沉默是一种冒犯，可知两人相处地不好，关系紧张。故选A。 105．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不介意和我哥哥关系紧张，因为我在学校很忙。A. try试图，努力；B. mind介意；C. enjoy欣赏，享受；D. delay推迟，延误。根据句中“because I was involved at school.”和下文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”可知在学校很忙，在家依然我行我素，并不介意和哥哥的关系。故选B。 106．考查介词短语辨析。句意：特别是，我全身心地投入了音乐剧的世界。A. In particular尤其，特别；B. In vain徒劳；C. In return作为回报；D. In theory理论上。根据上文“preferred the theatrical”和下文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”可知作者非常喜欢音乐。故选A。 107．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我每天在卧室里练习唱歌，以保持最佳状态，争取角色；我哥哥会坐在靠窗的座位上冥想。A. humorous幽默的；B. ordinary普通的，平常的；C. competitive竞争的；D. grateful感激的。根据“I practised singing in the bedroom every day” 作者每天练习，可知竞争很激烈。故选C。 108．考查介词词义辨析。句意：就算没有我吵闹的歌声，他也会觉得高中已经够难的了。A. above超过，在……之上；B. below在……下面；C. near在……附近；D. without没有。哥哥经常冥想，作者认为即使没有自己吵闹的歌声，哥哥也会觉得高中很难。故选D。 109．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以练习的空间成了我们之间的问题，因为我们共用一个房间。A. issue问题，发行；B. contrast对比，差异；C. agreement同意，一致；D. balance平衡。根据上文“a tense relationship with my brother”和句中“we shared a room.”可知练习唱歌的空间是作者和哥哥之间的问题。故选A。 110．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我第一次费劲地学歌，因为当我切换到头音时，我的声音嘶哑了。A. struggled奋斗，努力；B. expected预期，盼望；C. promised允诺，许诺；D. decided决定。根据“my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice”可知作者学歌很费劲。故选A。 111．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那段时间里，我很恼火，停止了练习，宣称自己已经达到了歌唱事业的顶峰。A. began开始；B. allowed允许，准许；C. stopped停止；D. continued继续。根据下文“my brother ____12____ quiet when I got home.”家里安静了，可知作者停止了练习唱歌。故选C。 112．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回家时，哥哥多年来第一次感到安静。A. hated厌恶；B. experienced体验，经历；C. accepted接受；D. wanted想要。因为作者停止在家唱歌了，哥哥体验到了家里的安静。故选B。 113．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样过了两天，我哥哥要我和他一起冥想。A. help帮助；B. invite邀请；C. join参加；D. admire钦佩。根据下文“I accepted”可知哥哥让作者和他一起冥想，作者同意了。故选C。 114．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我觉得自己无法优美地驾驭这首歌很生气，于是就接受了。A. gracefully优美地，优雅地；B. suddenly突然；C. fiercely猛烈地；D. cautiously谨慎地。根据下文“I was able to ____17____ power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice.”可知作者想优美地驾驭这首歌。故选A。 115．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我明白了这个意思，它很快就成为了我的新哲学。A. limit限度；B. sentence句子，判决；C. mistake错误；D. philosophy哲学。根据下文“It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything ____18____ the first time and that good things come with continual ____19____.”可知作者把哥哥的话作为自己的哲学。故选D。 116．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直试着唱这首歌，不再生自己的气了。A. rude粗鲁的；B. angry生气的；C. surprised吃惊的；D. excited兴奋的。与上文“I was annoyed in that period和my anger at my inability”呼应，可知作者开始因为自己唱不好生气，现在想明白了，不生气了。故选B。 117．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在试演的时候，尽管换了头音，我还是能保持唱歌的能力。A. lose丢失；B. share分享；C. reduce减少；D. maintain保持。根据句中“was able to”和下文“good things come with”可知作者成功保持了唱歌的能力。故选D。 118．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，重要的是要知道，你不必总是在第一次就把每件事都做正确，好的事情总是伴随着不断的努力而来。A. wrong错误的；B. right正确的；C. back后面的；D. down情绪低落的。根据作者的经历和常识可知，第一次做事不一定能做好。故选B。 119．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，重要的是要知道，你不必总是在第一次就把每件事都做正确，好的事情总是伴随着不断的努力而来。A. luck运气；B. absence缺席；C. effort努力；D. fear害怕，担心。根据上文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”和“I kept trying at the song”可知只有不断努力才能成功。故选C。 120．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我现在明白我哥哥为什么喜欢安静了。A. fight斗争，打架；B. noise噪音；C. quiet安静，和平；D. safety安全。根据上文“my older brother ____2____ meditation”“my brother would meditate on a window seat.”可知哥哥喜欢冥想，喜欢安静。故选C。 （2021·天津·高考真题）For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 121 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 122 took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 123 . For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was 124 his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the 125 of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed 126 to get to work? With that thought in mind, Pruitt 127 a plan and posted it on the community website. He 128 to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again 129 . And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the 130 to buy one. The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty 131 bicycles. Then came more than 500 132 for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be 133 to their owners. Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are 134 struggling. 135 simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes. In addition to 136 skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. 137 , the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment. "It's a really great 138 for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a 139 , but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the 140 that he can make on people." 121．A．amazed B．mad C．curious D．frightened 122．A．emotions B．career C．opinions D．route 123．A．ever B．together C．instead D．yet 124．A．ride B．lock C．repair D．replace 125．A．lack B．variety C．increase D．quality 126．A．instruction B．qualification C．transportation D．permission 127．A．came up with B．stuck to C．gave up D．broke away from 128．A．remembered B．refused C．hesitated D．offered 129．A．by accident B．in advance C．for free D．on credit 130．A．profit B．budget C．courage D．excuse 131．A．shared B．used C．expensive D．modern 132．A．enquiries B．advertisements C．notices D．announcements 133．A．exported B．sold C．lent D．returned 134．A．hardly B．slightly C．truly D．instantly 135．A．Without B．Beyond C．Upon D．Among 136．A．practical B．commercial C．mathematical D．social 137．A．Otherwise B．However C．Somehow D．Meanwhile 138．A．promise B．celebration C．comfort D．experience 139．A．competition B．service C．ceremony D．suggestion 140．A．compromise B．impression C．impact D．progress 【答案】 121．B 122．A 123．C 124．D 125．A 126．C 127．A 128．D 129．C 130．B 131．B 132．A 133．D 134．C 135．B 136．A 137．D 138．D 139．B 140．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】故事、公益活动（组织机构）、记叙文 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自己的自行车被偷后，想出了给人免费修车的计划。他把这一计划发布到了网上，主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻居的孩子们免费修车，得到了邻居的赞赏。 121．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Robbie Pruitt承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。A. amazed惊讶的；B. mad生气的；C. curious好奇的；D. frightened害怕的。根据后文“letting go of his anger”可知发现车被偷，Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。故选B。 122．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但很快，他的情绪发生了变化。A. emotions情绪；B. career事业；C. opinions观点；D. route路线。结合后文“After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知Robbie Pruitt从生气沮丧变成了同情，情绪发生了变化。故选A。 123．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在放下愤怒和沮丧之后，他发现自己走上了同情之路。A. ever曾经；B. together一起；C. instead相反；D. yet然而。结合上文“he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知，发现自己的车被偷，Robbie Pruitt放下愤怒和沮丧，反而走上了同情他人的道路。故选C。 124．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于热衷于骑自行车的Pruitt来说，第一件要做的事就是取代他被偷的自行车。A. ride骑车；B. lock锁上；C. repair修理；D. replace取代。根据后文“his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping”可知车被偷，Pruitt要买车来取代被偷的自行车。故选D。 125．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. lack缺乏；B. variety多样；C. increase增加；D. quality质量。根据上文“he found few available”可知商店里也缺少自行车。故选A。 126．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. instruction指令；B. qualification资格；C. transportation运输工具；D. permission允许。根据前后文“needed … to get to work”可知，Pruitt猜测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。故选C。 127．考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. came up with提出；B. stuck to坚持；C. gave up放弃；D. broke away from突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan and posted it on the community website”指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。 128．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remembered记得；B. refused拒绝；C. hesitated犹豫；D. offered提议。结合后文“to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it”指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车，offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”。故选D。 129．考查固定短语辨析。句意：他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。A. by accident偶然；B. in advance提前；C. for free免费；D. on credit赊账。呼应上文“fix bikes free of charge”他的修车都是免费的。故选C。 130．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。A. profit利润；B. budget预算；C. courage勇气；D. excuse借口。根据前后文“folks who could truly use them but didn't have the…to buy one”可知，Pruitt捐车的对象是那些需要车但是预算不够，买不起的人，but表示转折，说明预算紧张。故选B。 131．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一帖子发布当天，Pruitt收到了30辆二手自行车。A. shared共享的；B. used二手的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. modern现代的。根据上文“He also asked for unwanted bikes”可知，Pruitt也回收不想要的二手车，所以在帖子发布当天收到了30辆二手自行车。故选B。 132．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后就来了500多个询问详细信息的询问。A. enquiries询问；B. advertisements广告；C. notices通知；D. announcements公告。根据后文“for detailed information”可知有询问详细信息的询问。故选A。 133．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2020年底，Pruitt已经修复了140多件自行车，这些自行车要么捐赠，要么返还原主。A. exported出口；B. sold出售；C. lent借给；D. returned返回，返还。结合后文“to their owners”指修好的车返还给主人，return符合语境。故选D。 134．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt试图把他的捐赠捐给那些真正生活困难挣扎的家庭。A. hardly几乎不；B. slightly轻微地；C. truly真实地；D. instantly立即。此处呼应上文“folks who could truly use them”指Pruitt的捐赠都是给那些真正生活有困难的家庭的。故选C。 135．考查介词词义辨析。句意：除了满足物质需求，他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会。A. Without没有；B. Beyond除……之外；超过；C. Upon在……上；D. Among在……中间。结合后文“he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes”可知，不仅满足了物质上的需求，还提供了学习如何修理自行车的机会。故选B。 136．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了实用技能，Pruitt的课程还教授团队合作，鼓励自我价值，促进社区感觉。A. practical实际的；B. commercial商业的；C. mathematical数学的；D. social社会的。根据上文“he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.”可知，Pruitt为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会，即教授他们实用技能。故选A。 137．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，孩子们也有了一种成就感。A. Otherwise否则；B. However然而；C. Somehow不知怎么；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前后文语境，可知孩子们通过参加Pruitt的课程，学到了实用技能，同时还有了一种成就感，Meanwhile符合语境。故选D。 138．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位邻居在接受当地报纸采访时说：“对孩子们来说，这真是一次很棒的经历。”A. promise承诺；B. celebration庆祝；C. comfort安慰；D. experience经历。根据语境，参与Pruitt的课程对孩子们来说，是一次经历。故选D。 139．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。A. competition比赛；B. service服务；C. ceremony典礼；D. suggestion建议。结合上文可知，Pruitt为人们免费修车，还为社区的孩子教授如何修车，所以他提供的是服务。故选B。 140．考查名词词义辨析。句意：而是他能对人们产生的影响。A. compromise妥协；B. impression印象；C. impact影响；D. progress进步。根据后文“he can make on people”可知为短语make impact on“对……产生影响”。故选C。 ( 第 6 页 共 40 页 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$