新概念英语第二册语法动词ing形式课件

1. 构成：动词 + -ing e.g. He sat smoking and wondering what to do. （现在分词） Smoking is a serious danger to health. （动名词） 2. 四种语法形式 -ing分词的形式 1 -ing分词包括传统上的现在分词和动名词，前者更像动词、形容词或副词，后者更像名词。 提示 -ing分词 主动态 被动态 一般形式 doing being done 完成体形式 having done having been done 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 3. 否定式：通常在-ing分词之前加not e.g. We held each other’s hand, not knowing (not know) what to say. Not having been used (not use) for a long time, the machine got rusty. 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 1. 完成体：其动作先于主句动词的动作。 e.g. She admitted having driven (drive) the car without insurance. （先于admitted） Having worked (work) in the fields for two hours, they took a rest. （先于took a rest） 2. 被动态：其逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。 e.g. Carlos just missed being caught (catch). （Carlos是catch的承受者） Having been told (tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistakes. （he是tell的承受者，同时强调动作发生在“repeated”之前） 完成体、被动态的意义及用法 2 有时，在remember，recall，regret等词之后也可以用一般形式表示其动作先于主句动词的动作，如“I remember posting / having posted it.”。 提示 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 admit, acknowledge, anticipate, advocate, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, can’t resist, can’t stand, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, detest, dislike, don’t mind, ensure, enjoy, escape, excuse, evade, facilitate, fancy, favour, finish, give up, imagine, include, keep (on), mind, miss, pardon, postpone, practise, put off, resent, report, risk, stop, suggest ... e.g. We’re considering buying a new car. He denied having been there. We appreciate your inviting us to your party. She can’t stand being kept waiting. 能带-ing分词而不能带不定式的动词 1 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.3 -ing 分词分句 2. -ing分词逻辑主语的三种情况 （1）隐含在语境中； （2）在句中其他地方（如主句的主语）； （3）需单独引出（名词通格或属格/代词宾格或属格）。 e.g. Father suggested going there by bus. （语境中） Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow? （主句主语 you） I don’t mind John / John’s / him / his buying another one. (John / John’s / him / his) 只能带-ing分词作宾语的动词通常表示说话人对客观事实所作出的反应，如承认（admit）、享受（enjoy）、否认（deny）、避免（avoid）、原谅（excuse）等。 可以利用熟词带生词、同义词、近义词、反义词来联想记忆。例如：admit — acknowledge (同义词)；dislike — detest — resent (近义词)；deny ↔ admit (反义词)。 提示1 提示2 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.3 -ing 分词分句 3. 能带-ing分词也可带-that分句作宾语的动词 acknowledge, admit, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, deny, fancy, imagine, suggest, mean, mention, propose, recall, recollect, understand ... e.g. She acknowledged being at fault. = She acknowledged that she had been at fault. 在口语中倾向于使用名词通格和代词宾格引出逻辑主语。 在deny，postpone，defer等词之后，-ing分词逻辑主语多用属格。 提示1 提示2 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.3 -ing 分词分句 attempt, begin, can’t bear, continue, deserve, dread, hate, intend, like, loathe, love, need, neglect, omit, plan, prefer, require, start ... 1. begin / start等动词 begin, start, continue, cease, can’t bear, like, love, prefer, dread, neglect, omit, propose ... （a）表一般的、习惯的、抽象的行为：多用-ing分词； 表特定的、临时的、具体的动作：多用不定式。 e.g. I can’t bear living here. I can’t bear to see the child treated stupidly. Phil prefers doing it this way. He prefers to go by train this evening. 能带不定式和-ing分词而意义无甚区别的动词 1 would like意思是wish或want，后面永远接不定式，如“What would you like to do tomorrow?”。 提示 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 （b）主句动词已用于进行体时，后多接不定式。 e.g. It’s beginning to rain. We are proposing to start at eight. （c）begin / start之后若跟静态动词，只能用不定式。 e.g. We began to see what he meant. （see“理解”） You’ll eventually start to believe it. 2. need，want等动词，可用-ing分词的主动形式表被动意义 e.g. The watch needs cleaning and oiling. (= to be cleaned and oiled) The house wants painting. (= to be painted) Your car urgently required seeing to. (= to be seen to) That boy deserves looking after. (= to be looked after) 作此种用法时，require，deserve不及need，want普通。 提示 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 3. attempt，intend，plan之后，跟不定式更普通 e.g. He had attempted to rescue the drowning man. They plan to plant the area with grass and trees. 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 1. remember / forget / regret等动词 + -ing分词：先于主句动词的动作 + 不定式：后于主句动词的动作 e.g. I remember posting the letter. （“寄信”先于“记得”） I remembered to post the letter. （“寄信”后于“记得”） I regret telling you that John stole it. （“告诉”发生 在“抱歉”之前） I regret to tell you that John stole it. （“抱歉”在先， 即抱歉要告知某事） 能带不定式和-ing分词而意义不同的动词 2 回顾过去做过的事用-ing分词，表达将来要做的事用不定式。 提示 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 2. try / mean / can’t help等动词 在try，mean，can’t help等动词之后，用-ing分词还是用不定式，取决于动词本身的不同含义。 e.g. He tried writing with a brush. （“试着”写） He tried to write better. （“尽量努力地”写） Your plan would mean spending hours. （“意味着” 花费数小时） I didn’t mean to make you angry. （“有意”让你生气） I couldn’t help finishing it. （“不得不”结束某事） I couldn’t help to finish it. （“不能帮助”结束某事） He has learned swimming. （“学过”游泳） He has learned to swim. （“学会了”游泳） 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 3. stop / go on / leave off等动词 + -ing分词：作宾语 + 不定式：作目的状语 e.g. They stopped talking. (SVO) They stopped to talk. (SVA) He went on pointing out mistakes in the paper. (SVO)（同一动作的继续） He went on to point out mistakes in the paper. (SVA)（放下原来的事，转而去指出错误） try doing用来谈论某种尝试，做某事是为了看看结果会怎样；try to do是作一番努力，试图做某种困难的事。 learn doing用来谈及某门学科或技能的学习，“不一定学会”；learn do to用来谈论学习的结果——成功“学会”了某种技巧。 提示1 提示2 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 4. allow / permit / advise等动词 既可以接-ing分词作宾语，也可以接带逻辑主语的不定式结构。 e.g. She doesn’t allow talking here. She doesn’t allow us to talk here. 作此种用法的动词多表“建议”、“允许”、“鼓励”等意义。 提示 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 ① * My uncle suggested me to get a job in a bank. ② * I remember to see him once somewhere.   ① My uncle suggested (my / me) getting a job in a bank. √ 或 My uncle suggested that I (should) get a job in a bank. √ ② I remember seeing him once somewhere. √ 典型错误 3 备注 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 以-ing分词作谓语动词的分句结构，属于非限定从属分句，往往能与限定从属分句相互转换。 e.g. [1] He denied taking her book. = He denied that he had taken her book. [2] The boys shouting the loudest are the winners. = The boys who have shouted the loudest are the winners. = The boys who have been shouting the loudest are the winners. [3] Having finished my work, I went to bed. = After I had finished my work, I went to bed. -ing分词分句： 上述例[1]-ing分词分句相当于名词性限定分句（宾语从句），例[2]相当于形容词性限定分句（关系分句），例[3]相当于副词词性限定分句（状语从句）。 提示 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 1. 不带主语和从属连词的-ing分词分句 （1）逻辑主语在主句中（如主句的主语或宾语） e.g. He denied having been there. （逻辑主语He） I have a friend living in London. （逻辑主语a friend） （2）用作评注性状语的固定用语 e.g. Judging from what you say, he has done his best. Generally speaking, the more you pay, the more you get. 2. 带从属连词的-ing分词分句 从属连词：although，though，as if，as though，even if，if，once，unless，when(ever)，while，whether ... or等，表达让步、时间、条件等逻辑关系。 -ing分词分句的结构模式 1 其逻辑主语有时是说话人，有时难以判定。 提示 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 e.g. When sleeping, I never hear a thing. (=When I sleep) Though understanding no Greek, Charles was able to communicate with them. (=Though he didn’t understand Greek) 3. 带主语的-ing分词分句 （1）作宾语 e.g. Do you mind my / me making a suggestion? My parents object to me / my going out alone. -ing分词分句的逻辑主语通常也是主句的主语，谓语含有主动或进行的意义。 提示 其逻辑主语直接用通格/宾格或属格。 提示 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 （2）作介词补足成分（介词宾语） e.g. I’m annoyed about John / John’s forgetting to pay. Did you do it without him / his asking you? （3）作主语 e.g. Susan(’s) running away from home was the last straw. It’s no use your pretending to be deaf. （it为形式主语） （4）作状语（-ing分词分句独立结构） e.g. The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. So many members being absent, the meeting had to be put off. The question (having been) settled, the meeting adjourned. With the tree growing tall, we get more shade. 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 独立结构有时可以用介词with或without引出。 提示3 having been，being有时可以省去（逻辑主语是代词时除外），而变成-ed分词分句、无动词分句。 -ing分词分句独立结构作状语，通常表时间、条件、原因、方式或伴随情况等。 提示1 提示2 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 1. 句子成分和词组成分 （1）句子成分：作主语、宾语、主语补语、宾语补语、状语 e.g. Flying a plane is dangerous. （主语） It’s foolish behaving like that. （主语） I like getting up early. （宾语） Our duty is serving the people heart and soul. （主语补语） I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. （宾语补语） You won’t catch me doing that again. （宾语补语） They described the boy as being very clever. （宾语补语） –ing分词分句的句法功能 2 能用-ing分词作宾语补语的动词通常是表示感觉和心理状态的动词、表示“致使”意义的动词、以及regard，describe，think of等动词。 提示 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 （2）词组成分：作名词修饰语、作介词补足成分 e.g. We shall arrive too late to catch the train leaving at eight. (=that leaves at eight) The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground. (=who were wearing their school uniforms) He dreams of sailing round the world. Paul is angry about not being invited to the party. Teenagers often have difficulty (in) expressing themselves. The heavy snow prevented them (from) going to the concert. -ing分词前的介词有时省略，主要见于口语，特别常见于美式英语。 提示 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 2. 作状语：表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随状况或行为方式 （1）表示时间 e.g. Opening the door, I saw nobody in. (=When I opened the door) While waiting for the train, I met Pater Taylor. (=While I was waiting for the train) （2）表示原因 e.g. Being well taken care of, she recovered quickly. Having worked hard all day, I was ready for bed by eight o’clock. 如带从属连词，通常是when，while，whenever等。 -ing分词分句作状语比相应的限定分句正式，文学色彩较浓。 提示1 提示2 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 （3）表示条件 e.g. Working hard, you will succeed. Even if receiving visitors, patients must observe normal hospital rules. （4）表示让步 e.g. Knowing all this, they still insisted on my paying for the damage. Whether waking or sleeping, the subject is always in his mind. 表示原因不带从属连词。 提示 如带从属连词，通常是if，once，even if，unless，且通常限于真实条件句。 提示 如带从属连词，通常是though，although，whether ... or等。 提示 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 （5）表示结果 e.g. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. A bomb exploded at the hotel yesterday afternoon, killing seven people. （6）表示伴随状况或行为方式 e.g. The old man was fast asleep, holding a book in his hand. Alice stopped speaking as if waiting for him to speak. 表示结果不带从属连词，位于句末。 提示 表示行为方式的从属连词一般是as if和as though。 提示 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 备注 ① * Be careful while cross the street. ② * Although worked very hard, he failed to turn in his research paper on time.   ① Be careful while crossing the street. √ 或 Be careful while you cross the street. √ ② Although working very hard, he failed to turn in his research paper on time. √ 或 Although he worked very hard, he failed to turn in his research paper on time. √ 典型错误 3 重难点解析 22.0 -ing分词 的形式及用法 22.2 既能直接带不定式又 能直接带-ing分词的动词 22.1 -ing分词与 动词的搭配关系 22.3 -ing 分词分句 This is one of the issues that deserve __________. A. B. C. D. being mentioned mentioning to mention for mention 该题考查动词deserve之后用-ing分词主动形式表被动意义的用法。英语中表示“需要”、“值得”等含义的动词need，require，want，deserve之后可以用-ing分词表被动意义，deserve mentioning相当于deserve to be mentioned，因此B为正确答案。参见《教程》P239。 这是值得提及的问题之一。 专四真题链接 Please pardon ________ you. A. B. C. D. my disturbing disturbing me to disturb that I disturb 该题考查动词与-ing分词的搭配及-ing分词的逻辑主语问题。及物动词pardon之后只能带-ing分词而不能带不定式，也不能接that-分句，因此C、D均不正确。该句为祈使句，disturbing的逻辑主语显然不是听话人“you”，而是说话人“I”，因此其逻辑主语也不能省略，需要用物主限定词或代词宾格表示出来，因此A为正确答案。参见《教程》P236。 请原谅我打扰你了。 专四真题链接 Which of the italicized parts functions as an object? A. B. C. D. He doesn’t like the idea of my speaking at the meeting. It is no use your pretending not to know the matter. Her falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip. My parents strongly object to my going out alone at night. 该题考查-ing分词分句的句法功能。A项意为“他不喜欢我在会上发言的想法”，句中斜体部分为介词词组作the idea的后置修饰语；B项意为“你装作不知道这件事，这样没有用”，-ing分词分句作真正主语，it为形式主语；C项意为“她掉入河中成了整个旅程中的高潮部分”，-ing分词分句作主语；D项意为“我的父母强烈反对我晚上独自外出”，-ing分词分句作介词to的宾语。因此D为正确答案。 哪个句子的斜体部分充当宾语？ 专四真题链接 ________ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work. A. B. C. D. To be not tall Not being tall Being not tall Not to be tall 该题考查-ing分词分句作主语的用法以及-ing分词的否定式。-ing分词分句和不定式分句都可以作主语，在意义上相近，但是-ing分词分句多用来表示泛指的、抽象的、已知的意义，不定式分句多用来表示特指的、具体的、将来的动作。该句中“个子不高”是一种抽象的、已知的概念，应该用-ing分词分句，其否定式是在-ing分词之前加not，因此B为正确答案。A、C不是正确的否定式。 个子不高不应成为生活和工作中的一大劣势。 专四真题链接 “The man preparing the documents is the firm’s lawyer” has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT _______. A. B. C. D. the man who has prepared the documents ... the man who has been preparing the documents ... the man who is preparing the documents ... the man who will prepare the documents ... 该题考查对-ing分词作后置修饰语的意义的理解。该句-ing分词在句中作后置修饰语，-ing分词可表示主动或进行的动作，但是不可以表示将来，表将来应该用不定式作后置修饰语。因此选D。A项表主动，B项表主动和进行，C项表主动和进行，均为-ing分词的可能意义。 “The man preparing the documents is the firm’s lawyer”有下列所有可能的意义，除了______。 专四真题链接 ______, he can now only watch it on TV at home. A. B. C. D. Obtaining not a ticket for the match Not obtaining a ticket for the match Not having obtained a ticket for the match Not obtained a ticket for the match 该题考查-ing分词的完成体作原因状语的用法以及-ing分词的否定式。分句的逻辑主语和动词obtain是主动关系，应该用-ing分词。又因为“现在在家看电视”是此前未能买到票的结果，所以应该用-ing分词的完成体来表示已完成的动作，因此C为正确答案。注意：-ing分词完成体的否定式为not having done。 由于此前没有买到比赛的票，他现在只能在家里观看比赛的电视转播。 专四真题链接 In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid ______. A. B. C. D. from being beaten being beaten beating to be beaten 该题考查动词avoid与-ing分词的搭配。及物动词avoid只能带-ing分词而不能带不定式作宾语。根据句意，动词avoid跟宾语beating之间是被动关系，应该用beating的被动式，因此B为正确答案。 在国际比赛中，声望是极其重要的，因此唯一重要的事就是避免被击败。 专四真题链接 He resented ______ to wait. He expected the minister ______ him at once. A. B. C. D. to be asked, to see being asked, to see to be asked, seeing being asked, seeing 该题考查动词resent与-ing分词的搭配以及expect与不定式的搭配。动词resent只能带-ing分词而不能带不定式作宾语，动词expect只能带不定式而不能带-ing分词作宾补。又因为句中动词resent跟宾语asking之间是被动关系，应该用asking的被动式，因此B为正确答案。 他讨厌被要求等候，他期待部长马上接见他。 专四真题链接 He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder ______ out and three men climbing down it. A. B. C. D. throwing being thrown having thrown having been thrown 该题考查感官动词之后用-ing分词被动态作宾语补语的用法。感官动词see可用-ing分词、不定式及-ed分词作宾语补语，句中a rope ladder与throw是被动关系，通常情况下是用-ed分词作宾语补语，但考虑到后面的平行结构用了-ing分词climbing，说明这里表达被动和进行，即表达“绳梯正在被扔出”的过程，应该用-ing分词的被动态形式，因此B为正确答案。另外，感官动词接不定式作宾语补语就表示动作的已完成，不与-ing分词的完成体形式连用，因此D不对。 他注意到直升飞机在田野上空盘旋，接下来让他吃惊的是，他看到一架绳梯从飞机里扔出来，三个人正顺着它往下爬。 专四真题链接 I never regretted ______ his offer, for it was not where my interest lay. A. B. C. D. not to accept not having accepted having not accepted not accepting 该题考查动词regret与-ing分词的搭配以及-ing分词的否定式。动词regret既可接不定式作宾语也可接-ing分词作宾语，两者的区别在于：regret to do sth.意为“对将要做的事表示遗憾”，regret doing sth.意为“后悔做了某事”。根据句意，此处指后悔做过了某事，应该用-ing分词的完成体形式，因此B为正确答案。C不是正确的否定形式，D没用完成体。 我从不为没有接受他的提议而后悔，因为那不是我的兴趣所在。 专四真题链接 本讲主要介绍了-ing分词和动词的搭配关系，既能直接带不定式又能直接带-ing分词的动词，-ing分词分句的结构模式和句法功能。 学习中首先掌握-ing分词的四种语法形式及其否定式，理解-ing分词的完成体、被动态的意义及用法。-ing分词和动词的搭配关系的学习难点是掌握能带-ing分词而不能带不定式作宾语的常见动词，这些动词通常表示说话人对客观事实所作出的反应，可以利用熟词带生词、同（近）义词、反义词来联想记忆。注意need，want，require，deserve等动词之后的-ing分词用主动形式表被动意义，相当于不定式的被动态。既能带不定式又能带-ing分词而意义不同的动词可分组学习，remember / forget / regret等词的用法与时间先后有关， 本讲总结 try / mean / can’t help等词的用法取决于动词本身的不同含义，stop / go on / leave off等词与句法功能有关。-ing分词分句通常不带自己的主语，其逻辑主语通常可在上下文或情景中得以判定；-ing分词分句有时可通过带从属连词明示它与主句之间的逻辑关系；-ing分词分句也能带自己的主语，作动词宾语、介词补足成分（介词宾语）时用名词通格、代词的宾格或属格，带主语的-ing分词分句可以构成“独立结构”，常用作状语。-ing分词分句既可用作主语、宾语、主语补语、宾语补语、状语等句子成分，也可用作名词修饰语、介词补足成分等词组成分。 -ing分词分句可用作各种状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随状况或行为方式等。-ing分词分句作状语比相应的限定分句更为正式，建议在写作中学习使用。 本讲总结 1. 2. 3.0 4. 5. He was in low spirits and even considered ________ (go) away. Practise ________ (put) the tip of your tongue between your teeth and blowing: You will pronounce perfect th’s! I can’t help ________ (wonder) whether we should risk ________ (go) without raincoats. My mother detested ________ (go) to classical concerts so I never learned _____________ (appreciate) classical music until I was old enough ________ (start) a collection of records. He didn’t feel like ________ (work), so he suggested ________ (spend) the day in the garden. going putting wondering going going to appreciate to start spending working 练习精讲 Ex.22B Ex.22A Ex.22D Ex.22C Ex.22E 6. 7.0 8. 9. 10. You still have a lot ________ (learn) if you’ll forgive my ________ (say) so. Tim decided ________ (put) broken glass on top of his wall ___________ (prevent) boys __________ (climb) over it. You certainly mustn’t miss ________ (see) this wonderful film. Do you recollect __________ (tell) John about the new house? We all appreciate your ________ (want) ________ (help) us in our difficulties. to learn to put seeing telling wanting saying to prevent climbing to help 练习精讲 Ex.22B Ex.22A Ex.22D Ex.22C Ex.22E 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Michael always defers ________ (do) his homework till the last moment. The witness denied __________ (see) the accused man. Michael has delayed ________ (write) to her till today. A: I’m thinking of ________ (fly) to Oxford tomorrow in my helicopter. Would you like ________ (come)? B: No, thanks. I want ________ (go) to Oxford, but I’d rather ________ (go) by train. I loathe ________ (fly). If we buy plenty of food now, it will save __________ (shop) again next week. doing having seen writing flying shopping to come to go go flying 练习精讲 Ex.22B Ex.22A Ex.22D Ex.22C Ex.22E 16. 17. 18. 19. The peasant boy swore ________ (take) revenge on his father’s murderer. The law forbids ________ (sell) liquor to minors. I didn’t mean ________ (eat) anything but the cakes looked so good that I couldn’t resist ________ (try) one. A: I don’t mind __________ (travel) by bus, but I hate ________________ (stand) in queues. B: I don’t care for ________ (queue) either; and you waste so much time ________ (wait) for buses. I think it’s better ________ (go) by tube or taxi. to take selling to eat travelling standing / to stand queuing waiting to go trying 练习精讲 Ex.22B Ex.22A Ex.22D Ex.22C Ex.22E 20. A: Would you children mind ________ (keep) quiet for a moment? I’m trying ________ (fill) up a form. B: It’s no use ________ (ask) children ________ (keep) quiet. They can’t help ________ (make) a noise. keeping to fill asking to keep making 练习精讲 Ex.22B Ex.22A Ex.22D Ex.22C Ex.22E 1. 0 2.0 3. 0 He didn’t even acknowledge that he had received the invitation. I didn’t recall that he had said any such thing. The accused pretended that he didn’t understand the lawyer’s questions. He didn’t even acknowledge receiving / having received the invitation. I didn’t recall him / his saying / having said any such thing. The accused pretended not to understand the lawyer’s questions. 练习精讲 Ex.22B Ex.22A Ex.22D Ex.22C Ex.22E 4.0 5. 0 6. 0 7. The headmaster suggested that I should try the examination again the following year. Do you anticipate that there will be any real problem in getting support? Surely he won’t deny that he was there on that occasion. I vowed that I would never follow his advice again. The headmaster suggested my trying the examination again the following year. Do you anticipate there being any real problem in getting support? Surely he won’t deny being there on that occasion. I vowed never to follow his advice again. 练习精讲 Ex.22B Ex.22A Ex.22D Ex.22C Ex.22E 8. 9. 10. No teacher would profess that he knows all the answers. I can’t imagine that he would ever agree to such a proposition (计划). I hope that I will have read this book by next Friday. No teacher would profess to know all the answers. I can’t imagine him / his ever agreeing to such a proposition. I hope to have read this book by next Friday. 练习精讲 Ex.22B Ex.22A Ex.22D Ex.22C Ex.22E 1.0 2.0 3. 4. 5. 6. Most people prefer ________ (spend) money to ________ (earn) it. Sorry, we don’t allow ________ (smoke) in the lecture room. This problem demands ________________ (look into). The doctor advised ________ (take) exercise. Try ________ (put) in some more vinegar — that might make it taste a bit better. Our teacher has promised ____________ (help) us ___________ (prepare) for the examinations which he has put off ________ (hold) till next week. spending smoking to be looked into taking earning putting to help (to) prepare holding 练习精讲 Ex.22B Ex.22A Ex.22D Ex.22C Ex.22E 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. She began _____________ (understand) what he really wanted. I resented ________ (be) unjustly accused and asked him _____________ (apologize). I remember _______ (hear) him ______ (say) the grass needed ________________ (cut). It’s silly ________ (risk) ________ (get) your feet wet. I’ve always loved _______ (act). I’d love _______ (see) you ________ (wear) a Roman toga and ________ (recite) Shakespeare. to understand being to apologize hearing say cutting / to be cut to risk getting acting wearing reciting to see 练习精讲 Ex.22B Ex.22A Ex.22D Ex.22C Ex.22E 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. I hate __________ (mention) it, but you owe me some money. I regret ________ (tell) you that the entry for the exam is closed. I advise you ________ (wait) before ________ (decide) ________ (accept) the job. Training to be a singer means __________ (practise) at least two hours every day. She generally begins ________ (knit) after lunch. I wish he would stop ____________ (pretend) to be an expert on Byzantine Art. to mention to tell to wait deciding to accept practicing knitting pretending 练习精讲 Ex.22B Ex.22A Ex.22D Ex.22C Ex.22E 18. 19. 20. I dislike ________ (be) looked at while ___________ (attempt) ________ (learn) ________ (ski). I appreciate ___________ (you, want) ________ (help) my friend, but it’s time he learnt __________ (practise) ________ (do) his work alone. I know you will pardon _________ (I, say) so, but you keep ________ (give) us too many hard words ________ (spell) in English. being your wanting my saying giving to spell attempting to learn skiing to help to practise doing 练习精讲 Ex.22B Ex.22A Ex.22D Ex.22C Ex.22E 1.0 2.0 3. 0 a. The boy wants watching. __________________________________________ b. The boy wants to watch. __________________________________________ a. The man tried turning the key another way. __________________________________________ b. The man tried to turn the key another way. __________________________________________ a. I’ve quite forgotten putting it there. __________________________________________ b. I’ve quite forgotten to put it there. __________________________________________ That boy ought to be watched. That boy wants to see what is happening. The man experimented by turning the key another way. The man made an attempt to turn the key another way. I put it there, but I’ve quite forgotten what I did. It hasn’t occurred to me that I should put it there. Expand the following sentences so as to clarify the difference in meaning between the two members of each pair. 练习精讲 Ex.22B Ex.22A Ex.22D Ex.22C Ex.22E 4.0 5. a. I can’t help apologizing. __________________________________________ b. I can’t help to apologize for him. __________________________________________ a. Revolution means liberating the productive forces. __________________________________________ __________________________________________ b. They meant to liberate the productive forces. __________________________________________ I cannot but apologize. I can’t help him to apologize for his wrongdoing. The meaning of revolution is the liberation of the productive forces. They intended to liberate the productive forces. 练习精讲 Ex.22B Ex.22A Ex.22D Ex.22C Ex.22E 1.0 2.0 3. 4. 0 5. 她买好车票以后就开始收拾行李。 你们对执行这项计划有什么反对意见吗？ 重修这条运河已经给国民经济带来许多好处。 看到面前坐着这么多人，她感到很紧张。 我在四川住过许多年，对那里情况很了解。 After booking the ticket, she began to pack her things. Have you any objection to carrying out this plan? Rebuilding this canal has already brought many benefits to our national economy. Seeing so many people before her, she felt very nervous. Having lived in Sichuan for many years, I know that place very well. 练习精讲 Ex.22B Ex.22A Ex.22D Ex.22C Ex.22E 6.0 7. 0 8. 0 9. 10. 我们开始敲门，以为那就是他的住所。 天气这样暖和，有人建议在露天举行晚会。 她坐在那里一声不响，泪水顺着面颊流下来。 当他到达村里时，发现姑娘们正在田里摘棉花。 昨天下午老师撞见几个小学生在教室里抽烟。 We began to knock at the door, thinking that was his home. The weather being so warm, someone suggested having the party in the open air. She sat there silent, tears streaming down her cheeks. When he got to the village, he found the girls picking cotton in the fields. Yesterday afternoon the school master caught some pupils smoking cigarettes in the classroom. 练习精讲 Ex.22B Ex.22A Ex.22D Ex.22C Ex.22E $$