2025年中考英语一轮复习知识清单—谓语动词的时态

2025届中考英语一轮复习知识清单——谓语动词的时态 知识点1一般现在时 1.一般现在时的形式 (1)谓语动词是 be动词 肯定句 I am happy. He/ She/ It is happy. We/ You/ They are happy. 疑问句 Am I happy? Is he/ she/ it happy? Are we/ you/ they happy? 否定句 I am not happy./I'm not happy. He/ She/ It is not/ isn't happy. We/ You/ They are not/ aren't happy. 否定疑问句 Am I not happy? Is he/ she/ it not happy? 或 Isn't he/ she/ it happy? Are we/ you/ they not happy? 或 Aren't we/ you/ they happy? (2)谓语动词为实义动词(以work为例) 肯定句 I work. He/ She/ It works. We/ You/ They work. 疑问句 Do I work? Does he/ she/ it work? Do we/ you/ they work? 否定句 I do not/ don't work. He/ She/ It does not/ doesn't work. We/ You/ They do not/ don't work. 否定疑问句 Do I not work? 或 Don't I work? Does he/ she/ it not work? 或 Doesn't he/ she/ it work? Do we/ you/ they not work? 或 Don't we/ you/ they work? 2.一般现在时的用法 (1)表示现在经常发生或习惯性的动作，常与表示时间或频度的状语连用。 例 She usually gets up at 6:30.她通常六点半起床。 (2)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力。 例 Bill likes beef, but he doesn't like chicken. 比尔喜欢牛肉，但他不喜欢鸡肉。 She speaks Spanish.她说西班牙语。 (3)表示客观真理。 例 The earth moves round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 Magellan proved that the earth is round. 麦哲伦证实地球是圆的。(4)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 ①表示按时刻表或安排等预计要发生的事情或动作，这一用法往往只限于某些表示“来;去;开始;停止”等意义的词,如 arrive、come、 go、 leave、 start、 stop等。 例 The train arrives at 10:30.火车十点半到达。 ②在含有 if、unless、as soon as、when、once、until 等引导的时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主从复合句中，主句若是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。 例 I will discuss this matter with you when we meet next time. 下次我们见面时我会和你讨论这件事。 I' ll visit the Great Wall if it doesn't rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我将去游览长城。 知识点2一般过去时 1.一般过去时的形式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 ①主语+ was/ were+其他. ②主语+动词的过去式+其他. She was born on a cold morning.她出生在一个寒冷的早上。 Bob wanted to go to Shanghai last year.鲍勃去年想去上海。 否定句 ①主语+ was/ were+ not+其他. ②主语+ did not/ didn't+动词原形+其他. Her younger sister wasn't in yesterday.她妹妹昨天不在家。 We didn't agree with you.我们不同意你的观点。 一般 疑问句 ①Was/ Were+主语+其他? ②Did+主语+动词原形+其他? Were you very tired last night? 你昨晚很累吗? Did he invite you to his party? 他邀请你参加他的聚会了吗? 2.一般过去时的用法 (1)表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常见的标志有:①yesterday、the day before yesterday 等;②last+时间名词( last year、 last week、 last month 等);③时间段+ ago( two weeks ago等);④in+过去的年份或月份;⑤just now、once upon a time 等。 例 Mr. Smith came to see you just now.史密斯先生刚才来看过你。 (2)与 always、usually、often、sometimes、never、once a week等表示频度的副词或短语连用时，表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作以及过去的习惯动作。 例 The doctor came once a week and examined all who were ill. 那位医生每周来一次，检查所有病人。(3) since引导的时间状语从句中一般用一般过去时。 例 You have been at his bedside since he became ill. 自从他生病，你一直守在他的床边。 (4)“used to+动词原形”也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 例 The river used to be clean. 这条河以前是干净的。 知识点3 一般将来时 1.一般将来时的形式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 ①主语+ will/shall+动词原形+其他. ②主语+ be(am/ is/ are) going to+动词原形+其他. They will go to Beijing next week.他们下周将要去北京。 I am going to buy a bike.我打算买一辆自行车。 否定句 ①主语+ will/ shall+ not+动词原形+其他. ②主语+ be (am/ is/ are) + not+ going to+动词原形+其他. I will/ shall not refuse his request.我将不会拒绝他的请求。 We are not going to take singing lessons.我们将不上声乐课。 一般 疑问句 ①— Will/ Shall+主语+动词原形+其他? — Yes, 主 语 + will./ No, 主 语+ won't. ②Be(am/ is/ are)+主语+ going to+动词原形+其他? — Yes,主语+ be./ No, 主语+ be+ not. — Will people use money in 100 years? 一百年后人们还会用钱吗? — Yes, they will./ No, they won't.是的,人们用钱。/不,人们不用钱了。 — Are you going to move to Shanghai? 你打算搬到上海吗?— Yes,I am./ No, I am not.是的，我打算搬到上海。/不，我不打算搬去。 2.一般将来时的用法 (1)表示将要发生的动作或将来存在的状态。 例 We will know the result in two days.两天后我们就会知道结果。 I will leave for Canada next Friday.我下周五将启程前往加拿大。 (2) be going to 结构表示主观打算要做某事，或表示现在已有迹象表明将要发生某种情况。 例I'm going to sell my old house. 我打算卖掉我的旧房子。 It's going to rain soon.很快就会下雨。 (3) be about to do 表示正要或即将发生的动作,不强调主观。一般不能与具体的时间状语连用。 例 Be quiet! The film is about to start.安静! 电影马上开始。 (4) beto do 表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。 例 Lucy is to visit Beijing in June.露西六月要去北京。 (5)表示某种必然的趋势。 例 Fish will not live without water. 没有水，鱼就无法生存。 there be 句型的一般将来时 there will be 和 there is going to be 表示某地将存在某人或某物,两者有时可以互换。此句型中不能出现表示拥有关系的 have 或 has。 There will be a meeting tomorrow.明天将有一个会议。 There is going to be a basketball match next week.下周将有一场篮球比赛。 知识点4 现在进行时 1.现在进行时的形式: am/ is/ are+动词的-ing形式 其句式如下表所示(以动词 work为例)： 肯定句 I am working. He/ She/ It is working. We/ You/ They are working. 疑问句 Am I working? Is he/ she/ it working? Are we/ you/ they working? 否定句 I am not working. He/ She/ It is not/ isn't working. We/ You/ They are not/ aren't working. 否定 疑问句 Am I not working? Is he/ she/ it not working?或 Isn't he/ she/ it working? Are we/ you/ they not working? 或 Aren't we/ you/ they working? 2.现在进行时的用法 (1)表示此刻正在进行或发生的动作。 例 I'm reading a work by Shakespeare now. 我现在正在读莎士比亚的一部作品。 It's snowing heavily outside.外面正下着大雪。 (2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。 例 Alice is writing a book about herself these days. 这些天艾丽斯在写一本关于她自己的书。 (3)表示将要发生的动作。 ①表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作，此时常与表示将来的时间状语连用，主语往往是人。 例I'm meeting Peter at the airport this afternoon. 今天下午我将去机场接彼得。 Laura is flying to Hong Kong tomorrow. 劳拉明天将坐飞机去香港。②表示马上就要发生的事情：进行时态用于非延续性动词，往往表示“马上就”,这类动词主要为 come、go、leave、start、begin、stop、 arrive、 return等。 例 We are leaving early tomorrow morning. 我们明天一大早就离开。 (4)表示特定的情感：现在进行时与 always、forever等词连用时往往表达说话者生气、赞扬、同情、不满、好奇等情绪，或生动描述某一心理。 例I'm always losing keys.我总是丢钥匙。(生气) She is always following me.她老是跟着我。(厌烦) 表将来的表达法 ①一般将来时表将来(详见一般将来时的用法)。 ②现在进行时表将来(详见现在进行时的用法)。 ③一般现在时表将来(详见一般现在时的用法)。 ④be about to do 表将来(详见一般将来时的用法)。 ⑤be to do 表将来(详见一般将来时的用法)。 知识点5 过去进行时 1.过去进行时的形式: was/ were+动词的-ing形式 其句式如下表所示(以动词 work为例)： 肯定句 I/ He/ She/ It was working. We/ You/ They were working. 疑问句 Was I/ he/ she/ it working? Were we/ you/ they working? 否定句 I/ He/ She/ It was not/ wasn't working. We/ You/ They were not/ weren't working. 否定疑问句 Was I/ he/ she/ it not working?或 Wasn't I/ he/ she/ it working? Were we/ you/ they not working? 或 Weren't we/ you/ they working? 2.过去进行时的用法 (1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去时间的时间状语，或者 when、while、as 引导的表示过去的时间状语从句。有时没有时间状语，需要根据语境体会。 例 What were you doing this time last night? 昨天晚上这个时候你在做什么? I was writing a letter when you phoned. 你打来电话时我正在写信。 (2)表示过去一段时间内持续发生的动作。 例 We were expecting you yesterday.我们昨天一直在等你。 (3)表示一个过去的动作发生时，另一个过去的动作正在进行。 例I was watering the flowers when suddenly it began to rain. 我正在给花浇水，突然开始下雨了。(4)表示两个过去的动作同时进行，这时可用 while连接。 例 George was reading while his wife was listening to the radio. 乔治在读书，而他的妻子在听广播。 (5) go、come、leave、arrive、start 等动词的过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。 例 He said he was coming this evening.他说他今天晚上来。 (6)表达褒贬等感情色彩:过去进行时可以和 always、constantly、 forever等连用，表示说话人的主观感情，如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。 例 He was forever complaining about something. 他老是怨这怨那。 知识点6现在完成时 1.现在完成时的形式: have/ has+过去分词 其句式如下表所示(以work为例)： 肯定句 He/ She/ It has worked. I/ We/ You/ They have worked. 疑问句 Has he/ she/ it worked? Have I/ we/ you/ they worked? 否定句 He/ She/ It has not/ hasn't worked.或 He's/ She's/ It's not worked. I/ We/ You/ They have not/ haven't worked.或I' ve/ We' ve/ You' ve/ They' ve not worked. 否定疑问句 Has he/ she/ it not worked? 或 Hasn't he/ she/ it worked? Have I/ we/ you/ they not worked? 或 Haven'tI/ we/ you/ they worked? 2.现在完成时的用法 (1)表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。 例— Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃过午饭了吗? —— Yes, I have. I' ve just had it.是的,我刚吃过。 I have already watched the film.我已经看过这部电影了。 (2)表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去,常和 for、since连用。 例 We have lived here since 2000. 自从2000年以来我们就住在这里。 I have learned English for eight years.我学英语八年了。 (3)用在固定句型中 have gone to 已去某地(未回) ①. have been to 曾去过某地(已回) have been in 已经在某地 例 He has gone to Beijing.他去了北京。 I have been to Beijing.我去过北京。 He has been in Beijing since last week.他从上周就一直在北京。②It has been+时间段+ since从句(从句用一般过去时) 例 It has been two years since the old man died. 这个老人去世两年了。 It has been ten years since we left here.我们离开这里十年了。 3.现在完成时常用标志词的用法 (1) just意为“刚刚”，表示动作刚刚结束，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。 例 He has just come back from Beijing.他刚从北京回来。 (2) ever意为“从来，曾经，在任何时候”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。 例 Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你曾经去过上海吗? (3) never意为“从来没有”,常与 before 连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。 例 I have never traveled by plane before. 我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。 (4) before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。 例I haven't heard of it before.我以前没有听说过这件事。 (5) since+过去某个时间点或一般过去时的从句； for+时间段。 例I have been here since 1990.从 1990 年起,我就一直在这儿。 Great changes have taken place since you left. 自从你走后，这里发生了很大的变化。 I have been in Beijing for two years.我在北京有两年了。 4.延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法 (1)现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词，非延续性动词在肯定句中不和一段时间连用。 例我离开这所学校八年了。 误:I' ve left this school for eight years. 正:I' ve been away from this school for eight years. (2)非延续性动词与一段时间连用要转化为延续性动词。 buy→have borrow→keep open→be open close→be closed begin/start→be on come→be here go→be there arrive→be in finish→be over die→be dead put on→wear get up→be up wake up→be awake lose→be lost join→be in leave→be away fall asleep→be asleep catch a cold→have a cold marry/ get married→be married 知识点7 过去将来时 1.过去将来时的形式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 ①主语+ would/ should+动词原形+其他. ②主语+ was/ were going to+动词原形+其他. He asked me when he would see me again.他问我什么时候才能再见到我。 She said she was going to see me the next day.她说她第二天将会来看我。 否定句 ①主语+ would/ should+ not+动词原形+其他. ②主语 + was/ were + not + going to+动词原形+其他. He told me that he would not leave until I came.他告诉我，我回来他才会离开。 She said that she was not going to make such mistakes.她说她不会犯这样的错误。 2.过去将来时的用法 (1)表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 例 He said he would be here at eight o’ clock. 他说他会在八点钟到这儿。 (2)表示曾经打算或准备要做的或根据客观迹象推断将要发生的动作,用“was/ were+ going to+动词原形”表示。 例 I thought it was going to rain soon. 我想马上就要下雨了。 They were going to start a new job when I saw them. 我见到他们时，他们正打算开始新的工作。 知识点8 过去完成时 1.过去完成时的形式：had+过去分词 其句式如下表所示(以动词 work为例)： 肯定句 I/ We/ You/ They/ He/ She/ It had worked. 疑问句 Had I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it worked? 否定句 I/ We/ You/ They/ He/ She/ It had not/ hadn't worked.或I'd/ We'd/ You'd/ They'd/ He'd/ She'd/ It'd not worked. 否定疑问句 Had I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it not worked? 或 Hadn't I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it worked? 2.过去完成时的用法 (1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。 例 By the end of last week, we had received over 1,000 letters from all over the world.到上周末为止,我们已经收到了来自世界各地的一千多封信。(2)表示“愿望、打算”的动词,如 want、hope、mean、think、expect、 plan、 intend等用于过去完成时，表示未曾实现的过去的愿望或意图。 例I had thought I would go for a swim.我原想去游泳的。 3.过去完成时与现在完成时的用法比较 相同点 所表示的动作均始于过去，都常与表一段时间的状语连用 不同点 ①过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时 的动作(句中可有表示过去特定时间的状语)；②现在完成时表示的 是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作(句中不可有表示过去特定时间 的状语) 知识点9 常用时态的区别 1.一般现在时与现在进行时 (1)一般现在时与现在进行时的基本用法的区别： 一般现在时 表示目前经常发生或习惯性的动作、客观事实或表示主语目前的特征、状态和能力等 现在进行时 表示说话时正在进行的动作，或现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作 (2)以 here、there开头的句子不用现在进行时，而用一般现在时。 例 There goes the bell.铃响了。 (3)有些动词,如 taste、smell、sound、look等用作系动词时,通常不用于进行时，而用作实义动词时，则可以用于进行时中。 例I'm looking at the picture by Picasso. It looks really nice. 我正在看毕加索的画，它看起来真是太美了。 2.一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时 所表示的事情发生在过去，与现在没有关系 现在完成时 所表示的事情与现在有关系，是过去发生的事情在现在产生的结 果或对现在的影响，或一直持续着 例 Did you go to Canada last year? (表示去年发生的事情) 你去年去加拿大了吗? Have you been to Canada? (表示过去某个时间发生的行为,但问的是现在的情况) 你去过加拿大吗? 3.一般过去时与过去进行时 一般过去时 侧重于说明发生某动作的事实，表示动作已完成 过去进行时 表示在过去某一特定时间点或时间段正在进行的动作，侧重于强 调某动作的持续过程或动作持续的时长，动作不一定完成 例 It rained cats and dogs last night.昨晚雨下得真大。 It was raining cats and dogs last night.昨晚整整一夜都在下大雨。 第 54 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$