内容正文:
第09讲 语法知识之名词性从句
知识梳理
演练
【考情链接】
名词性从句是比较重要的语法项目。每年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲都有附录语法项目表中对名词性从句列了四项:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。全国卷新课标Ⅰ对名词性从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中,主要考查从句引导词的用法。
名词性从句主要要求考生掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句的基本用法;一些易混引导词的辨析;名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。未来对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构,而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的综合运用能力。
【要点梳理】
考点一:名词性从句的分类
名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
主语从句
做主语,用that,whether,what(=the thing that)等连接词(原疑问词)引导
宾语从句
做宾语,用that(可省略),if,whether(or not),what(=the thing which)等连接词(原疑问词)引导
表语从句
用that(一般不省略),whether,what(=the thing which)等连接词(原疑问词)引导
同位语从句
用that(常用在news,thought,idea等词后),whether等连接词(原疑问词)引导
· 主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。如:
Who will go is not important.
It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.
That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人也可用who/whom。例如:
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.(主语从句)
It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. (主语从句)
It is in the morning that the murder took place.(强调句)
It is John that broke the window. (强调句)
句型
例子
1
It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that … 事实是… / It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
2
It is +形容词+从句
It is natural that… 很自然…/ It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
3
It is +不及物动词+从句
It seems that… 似乎…/ It happened that… 碰巧…
It appears that… 似乎…
4
It +过去分词+从句
It is reported that… 据报道…/ It has been proved that…已证实…
It is said that… 据说…
情况说明
例句
1
if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
If he will come or not is unknown (误)
Whether he will come or not is unknown (正)
2
It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前
It is said that Jiang will visit our school. (正)
Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (误)
3
It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (正)
That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (误)
4
It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (正)
Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (误)
5
含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (正)
Is that will rain in the evening likely? (误)
· 宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。
情况说明
例句
1
作动词的宾语
由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略)
I heard (that) he joined the army.
由what, whether (if),when, where 等引导的宾语从句
She did not know what had happened.
I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
动词+间接宾语+宾语从句
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2
作介词的宾语
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3
作形容词的宾语
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
4
it 可以作为形式宾语
We heard it that she would get married next month.
5
否定的转移(若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式)
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:
anxious,aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt,satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。
· 表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look,remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如:
1)The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2)This is why we can’t get the support of the people.
3)But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4)The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
· 现在进行时
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
情况说明
例句
1
同位语从句的功能(一般由that引导)
对于名词进一步解释,
The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
说明名词的具体内容,
The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2
同位语从句在句子中的位置
有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,被别的词隔开
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
考点二:名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句的引导词如下表所示:
分类
引导词
功能
从属连词
that
在从句中不作任何句子成分,也没有词汇意义
whether,if
在从句中不作任何句子成分,意为“是否”
because,as if/though
在从句中不作任何句子成分,分别意为“因为”,“好像”
连接代词
who(ever),whom,what(ever),whose,which(ever)
who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;whom在从句中作宾语;which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语;whose在从句中作定语
连接副词
when(ever),where,wherever,why,how
在从句中作状语
· 主语从句:它的连接词都不能省
That everything changes in the world is often remembered by my grandfather.
(is remembered 是谓语部分,那放在谓语前面的从句就是主语从句。主语从句里面 everything changes in the world 是主谓结构,不缺成分,因此用that引导)
“世界上的一切都在变化。”这一点我的祖父一直铭记在心。
连接词whether,if 引导的主语从句:whether 引导主语从句可以放句首,也可以放句尾,表示“是否”,不可省略。if 引导的主语从句只能放在句尾,前面要用 it 作形式主语。
Whether or not she will come is uncertain.
她会不会来还不确定。
It remains to be seen if they can be good parents.
他们是否能成为一对合格的父母还有待观察。
Whichever you want is yours.
主语从句 谓语
你想要哪个就给你哪个。
you want 后面应该跟 sth,即宾语是不是?但是嘿,偏偏就没有这个宾语,气不气人?所以 whichever 就充当了这个宾语成分。
状语包括:时间、地点、方式、程度、状态、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步。然后再找一个词概括,于是状语就产生了。
How he became rich is still a puzzle.
主语从句 谓语
看主语从句里面,he became rich 已经是完整的主系表结构了,how 作的就是方式状语。
句意为:他是如何致富的仍然是一个谜。
为了避免头重脚轻的情况发生,我们一般会把很长的主语从句放到后面,但是这样一来就少了个领头羊,那怎么办?狸猫换太子,找个替身放上去,it 就光荣献身,做了这个小替身。一般见到 it 作主语,如果不是特指什么的话,那就是形式主语没跑了,然后往后面找主语从句就行了。
主要有以下几个句型:
● It + be + 形容词(clear /unfair等)+ that ...
● It + be + 名词词组(a fact /a pity /a shame等)+ that ...
● It + be + 过去分词(announced /believed /expected等)+ that ...
● It + seems /appears /happens等+ that ...
· 宾语从句
I believe (that) she will succeed.(从句主谓宾结构完整,所以找个不作成分的that)我相信她会成功。
whether /if引导的宾语从句,whether /if不作成分,含“是否”之意,不可省略。
Nobody knows whether /if she likes this present.(从句结构完整,根据句意,用whether/if引导)
没人知道她喜不喜欢这份礼物。
只用whether不用if的情况(背背背,重点!):
● 介词+ whether:It depends on whether it will rain next week.
● whether ... or not ...:I want to know whether it’s harmful or not.
● whether to do:I can’t decide whether to pick.
● 谓语动词后接宾从:I have found (动词) that she did well in school (宾从).
● 介词后接宾从:It depends on (介词) whether it’ll rain today (宾从).
● 形容词后接宾从:I’m glad (形容词) that you came (宾从).(这些形容词一般是sure \certain \pleased \happy \afraid \surprised \sorry \willing等表示情感的形容词)
=主句用过去时,从句也是过去时;主句用一般现在时或一般将来时,从句可用任何时态。
● He said he was going to take care of his mom.
●Tom says he has read the book already.
· 表语从句:跟在系动词后面的从句
常见的系动词有:
感官动词:look \sound \taste \feel \smell
“变得”:become \get \turn \grow \come \go \fall \run
“似乎”:seem \appear \look
“依旧”:remain \keep \stay \stand \lie \hold
“证明是”:prove
The problem is that I’ve lost my wallet.问题是我的钱包丢了。
because 也可以引导表语从句,但不能和 reason一起出现。
I’m a little bit sleepy. It’s because I stayed up late last night.我有点困了。这是因为我昨天晚上熬夜了。
This is where I first met her.(从句I first met her 结构完整,所以我们用连接副词where表地点)
这是我第一次见到她的地方。
一般跟在特定动词后面,如 seem \appear \look \sound \taste\feel 等。
as if \as though引导的表语从句,可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气,根据后面的内容来判断。
It sounds as if you are from Hongkong.听起来你好像来自中国香港。(真实)
It looks as if he were from the Moon.他看起来好像来自月球。(虚拟)
· 同位语从句
跟在名词后面起解释说明作用的从句,跟定语从句最大的区别是同位语从句不缺成分,而定语从句缺成分。
1. 连接词 that,whether 引导。
注:whether意为“是否”,不作成分,不能用if引导同位语从句。
2. 连接代词 what,which,who,whose等引导。
3. 连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导。
4. 不是所有的名词后面都可以接同位语从句。同位语从句跟同位语最大的不同就是:同位语从句只能跟在一些抽象名词后面,不像同位语是许多名词的随行身份证。
可以接同位语从句的名词有:
fact,idea,news,thought,hope,belief,truth,doubt,suggestion,warning,message,feeling,reason,report,question,promise,advice,explanation,wish,fear,problem,reply,possibility,truth,probability 等。
You have no idea how worried I was.(how引导的同位语从句,解释说明 idea,从句不缺成分,how 作程度状语)你不知道我当时有多担心。
There is some doubt whether he will come.(whether 引导的同位语从句,解释说明 doubt,从句不缺成分)
对他是否会来有些怀疑。
The thought that I may lose my computer makes me nervous.(that 引导的同位语从句,解释说明 thought,从句不缺成分)一想到我可能会丢了电脑,我就紧张。
知识 1 : 连接代词与连接副词引导的名词性从句
引导词类别
常见引导词
作用
连接代词
what,which,who,whose,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever
有词义;在从句中担任成分,作主语、表语、宾语或定语等
连接副词
how,when,where,why,however,whenever,wherever
有词义;在从句中担任成分,作状语
知识 2 : whether, if引导名词性从句的区别
项目
用法
示例
只用whether场合
引导主语从句且位于句首
Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 她来不来都没有关系。
引导表语从句
The question is whether it’s worth trying. 问题是值不值得一试。
引导同位语从句
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意。
引导宾语从句且与or not直接连用
He has made the decision on whether the family will move to Beijing. 他已决定全家是否搬到北京去。
与不定式连用
Whether to take the job offer is up to you.是否接受这份工作由你决定。
位于介词之后
It all depends on whether they will support us.这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。
whether和if均可场合
引导宾语从句且不与or not直接连用
I don’t know whether/if he will come or not.我不知道他是不是回来。
Karan asked whether/if I could pick up lunch on my way home. 卡冉问我能不能回家的路上带午餐。
知识 3 : 不能省略that的情况
特殊情况
例句
that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时
That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.
他考试不及格,这使他父母很失望。
that引导表语从句时
The truth is that I didn’t go there.事实是我没有去那里。
that引导同位语从句时
The news that our team has won is true.
我们队获胜的消息是真的。
当that引导的从句作介词的宾语时
They share little in common except that they are from the same country.除了来自同一个国家之外,他们几乎没有共同点。
当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,第一个that可省略,其他的that不可省略
I believe (that) you’ve done your best and that things will get better.
我相信你已经尽力了,而且情况会好起来的。
当it作形式宾语,that引导的从句作真正的宾语时
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他不会屈服的,他已经表明了这一点。
当that引导的宾语从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语或与从句主语之间有插入语时
He announced,believe it or not,that he would never forgive her.信不信由你,他宣布他永远不会原谅她。
知识 4 : that和what引导名词性从句的区别
特点
用法
示例
what是连接代词,既起连接作用又作句子成分
what作从句主语
What he had hoped at last came true. 他希望的事终于成为现实。
what作从句宾语
Her interest was aroused by what he said.他的话引起了她的兴趣。
what作从句定语
What few visitors we have are always made welcome.对不多的游客我们也表示欢迎。
what作从句表语
He is not what he was ten years ago. 他不再是十年前的他了。
that是连词,只起连接作用不作句子成分
that引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句。
That she lacks experience is obvious. 她缺少经验,这是显然的。
My idea is that you shouldn’t have left the country. 我的意见是你不应该离开那个国家。
知识 5 : 含感叹句的宾语从句用法
句式
用法
示例
主句+what+(a/an) + adj. +n+主语+谓语
what是感叹形容词,中心词必须是名词。
You can't imagine what a mistake I made.你无法想象我犯了多大一个错误。
主句+how+ adj/adv+主语+谓语
how是感叹副词,直接修饰形容词或副词。
You have no idea how excited I was when I received the gift.你不清楚我收到礼物时多么激动。
知识 6 : wh- ever类从句典型用法归纳
项目
用法
示例
whatever
1.强调内容,意为“无论什么”,相当于anything that;
2.引导主语从句、宾语从句或让步状语从句,作主语、宾语。
Whatever she did was right.她做的一切都是对的。
Do whatever you like. 你喜欢做什么就做什么。
Whatever happens, don’t forget to write.无论怎样别忘了写信。
whichever
1.强调特定范围内的选择,意为“无论哪一个”。
2. 引导主语从句、宾语从句或让步状语从句,多作主语、宾语、定语。
Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. 你们谁第一个到达这里谁就获奖。
Whichever you choose, the others will be angry with you.
无论你选哪个,其余的人都会生气的。
whoever
引导名词性从句,相当于anyone who,在从句作主语。
Give it to whoever you see in the meeting-room.你在会议室里看见谁就把它给谁。
whomever
引导名词性从句,意为“无论是谁”,在从句作宾语。
He was free to marry whomever he chose. 他看上了谁就可以和谁结婚。
whenever
whenever引导让步状语从句,在句中作时间状语。
Whenever I see him, he's reading.我无论什么时候看到他,他都在看书。
wherever
wherever引导让步状语从句,在句中作时间状语。
You can sit wherever you like.你喜欢坐哪儿都可以。
Wherever he goes, I'll go.不管他去哪里,我也去。
however
however引导让步状语从句,后接形容词或副词。
However high it may be, it can’t reach the sky. 它不论有多高,也高不到天上去。
知识 7 : 两种典型的同位语从句用法
项目
用法
示例
名词+ that…型同位语从句
1.名词fact, news, truth, doubt, belief, thought, problem等词后面,对名词做进一步解释说明,连接词只能用that,且不能省略;
2.有时名词和同位语从句被谓语等分割开来。
3.同位语从句对前边名词起解释说明作用,that不作成分;定语从句起限制作用,that充当从句的主语、宾语等。
I didn't receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我没有听到会议被推迟的消息。
Word came that he had been admitted to Beijing University.消息传来他已经被北京大学录取了。
名词+wh-…型同位语从句
have no idea后面接who, what, when等wh-类连接词。
You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。
I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。
知识 8 : 含it作形式主语/宾语的名词性从句
项目
用法
示例
It is + n. +that从句
1.名词:pity, shame, surprise, fact…
2.it作形式主语,that作真正主语。
It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. 你没有去看这个电影,多可惜啊!
It is + adj. +that从句
1.形容词:certain, surprising, likely…
2.it作形式主语,that作真正主语。
It is likely that the sport meets will be postponed.很有可能运动会将被延迟。
It +不及物动词+that从句
1.动词:happen, seem, occur…
2.it作形式主语,that作真正主语。
It happened that the harvest was bad in 1988.碰巧1988年的收成很不好。
It + be +过去分词+that从句
1.动词:say, believe, report, suggest…
2.it作形式主语,that作真正主语。
It's said that she will go to Beijing next month.
据说她下个月要去北京。
动词+it+ n/adj +that从句
1.名词/形容词:pity, clear, important…
2. it作形式宾语,that作真正宾语。
Didn't I make it clear to you that I was not coming?我不是向你明确表示我不来了吗?
知识 9 : 名词性从句中虚拟语气用法
项目
用法
示例
一二三四类
1.动词:一坚持insist二命令order, command三建议advise, suggest, recommend四要求demand, desire, require, request;
2.名词:order, command, advice, suggest, requirement等;
3.that从句谓语动词采用(should) do结构。
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week.有人建议会议推迟到下星期举行。
We agreed to the order that the task should be completed at 5 o'clock.我们同意在5点完成任务的命令。
Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.我们唯一的要求是尽快解决这个问题。
因时而变类
1. I wish that…类(现在—did, 过去—had done, 将来—would do);
2. I would rather that…类(现在—did, 过去—had done, 将来—did);
3. It looks as if…(现在—did, 过去—had done)。
I wish that I had met that film star yesterday.我真希望昨天能见到那个电影明星。
I would rather that you hadn't eaten the carrot.我宁愿你没吃掉那胡萝卜。
She looks as if nothing had happened to her.她看起来好像什么事也没发生。
考点三:名词性从句解题三步走
第一步:根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系,或者根据句式结构判断是否是名词性从句。
第二步:一旦判断是名词性从句,就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语,用连接代词;若缺少状语就用连接副词。
第三步:如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整,是否需要用whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整就用that。
· 【名词性从句思维导图】
课堂精练
演练
· 单句语法填空
1.While making friends, we’re supposed to focus on what we have in common and set aside we disagree. (用适当的词填空)
2. remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that’s the real spirit of invention. (用适当的词填空)
3.It makes no differences you support my plan or not.(用适当的词填空)
4. one of you breaks the exquisite window will have to pay for it. (用适当的词填空)
5.I could get you a job here if that’s you want. (用适当的词填空)
6.His suggestion was we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. (用适当的词填空)
7.He was fired from the factory. That was he was too lazy. (用适当的词填空)
8.When you get there, you can take you like. (用适当的词填空)
9.I can’t imagine excited she was when she received your letter and presents. (用适当的词填空)
10.They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is they need an English trainer. (用适当的词填空)
11 is known to us all is that the 2024 Olympic Games will take place in Paris. (用适当的词填空)
12. we will have a picnic depends on the weather. (用适当的词填空)
13.Although repetition helps memory, psychologists doubt it helps long-term memory. (用适当的词填空)
14.There is no better way to know yourself and to see you are capable of. (用适当的词填空)
15.We are amazed by the boy has done to the picture. (用适当的词填空)
16. he wants to tell us is not clear.
17.—Children’s behaviour is most easily influenced by his parents.
—True. That’s we should set a good example to our kids. (用适当的词填空)
18.When dining alone, we can consume whatever we would like, with the added bonus we might be able to eat more healthily. (用适当的词填空)
19.For much of Chinese history, was considered as money were small coins with holes in the middle. (用适当的词填空)
20.He always participated to the best of his ability in they were doing. (用适当的词填空)
· 语法与写作
1. (2024年新课标I卷)我写信是想和你分享上周五在花园里的美术课。整个课堂都充满创造力和喜悦。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. (2024年新课标I卷)这次公园上课的经历教会我从不同的角度看世界。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. (2024年浙江1月卷)我相信,只有每个人的贡献和参与,这场运动才能创造奇迹。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. (2024年浙江1月卷)任何想报名的人都填写申请表,并在本周五之前与我们联系。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷)我被告知我在写作比赛中获得一等奖,而且两天后有一个颁奖仪式。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
6. (2022年全国甲卷)海洋对于人类就像水对于鱼类一样重要。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7.(2022年全国甲卷)我坚信只有通过共同努力保护海洋我们才有美好的未来。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
8. (2021年全国乙卷) 毫无疑问,与传统的学习方法相比,在线学习有许多优势。(同位语从句)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9.(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷)我建议Youth (校英语报)刊登一些指导我们英语学习的文章,并且我希望它会变得更受欢迎。(宾语从句)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
10. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷)我写信是想问,我能不能在你的美术馆做志愿者。(宾语从句)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
课后反馈
演练
单句语法填空
1.She told me that the plane____________ (take) off at 8:00 a.m. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.Another unique human characteristic is ____________ we walk upright. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.You can ask for help____________has rich experience in solving this kind of problem. (用适当的词填空)
4.It became popular for its ease of use, and eventually progressed into____________we now consider to be the standard script. (用适当的词填空)
5.He didn't tell me____________keys were lost. (用适当的词填空)
6.It’s jaw-dropping____________much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.(用适当的词填空)
7.Now that summer is finally here, families are preparing for____________ they expect to be a great vacation away from the daily routines. (用适当的词填空)
8.I wonder____________ it is that prevented him from coming to school every day. (用适当的词填空)
9.It’s not what we do once in a while____________ shapes our lives, but____________we do consistently. (用适当的词填空)
10.As a new diplomat, he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions. (用适当的词填空)
语法与写作
1. (2024新课标I卷)我会打电话给你,还我欠你的钱。我保证我会信守诺言,否则你就守着我的手表!
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. (2024新课标I卷) 我告诉他,多亏了他的慷慨和及时的帮助,一切都很顺利。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. (2024浙江1月卷)当太阳射出光芒时,女孩注意到阴影是如何在地面上形成图案的,引导着她的道路。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. (2024浙江1月卷)她兴奋地了解到,只要有一点创造力和观察力,任何挑战都可以克服。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. (2023新课标I卷)我被告知我在写作比赛中获得了一等奖,两天后将有颁奖典礼。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
6. (2023新课标I卷)听到这个消息我非常高兴,我立即把它和老师分享了。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7. (2023新课标I卷)得知自己获得一等奖,三天后将举行颁奖典礼,我非常激动。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
8. (2023新课标I卷) 这次经历让我意识到,只要我们勇于尝试,就一定能够取得成功。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9. (2023浙江1月卷)窗户上原来的洞找不到了,这真是一种莫大的安慰。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
10. (2023浙江1月卷)那只鸟好像在等我,它那双圆睁的眼睛紧紧地盯着我,好像在表达感激之情。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
【2024·新高考Ⅱ卷】
If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
【2023·新高考Ⅱ卷】
This is ________ they need an English trainer.
【2022·新高考Ⅱ卷】
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
【2022·新高考Ⅱ卷】
He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ______ to thank him. ”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
【2022·北京卷】
It’s easy to explain how we determine ________ smells are dangerous or not: we learn.
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第09讲 语法知识之名词性从句
知识梳理
演练
【考情链接】
名词性从句是比较重要的语法项目。每年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲都有附录语法项目表中对名词性从句列了四项:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。全国卷新课标Ⅰ对名词性从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中,主要考查从句引导词的用法。
名词性从句主要要求考生掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句的基本用法;一些易混引导词的辨析;名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。未来对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构,而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的综合运用能力。
【要点梳理】
考点一:名词性从句的分类
名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
主语从句
做主语,用that,whether,what(=the thing that)等连接词(原疑问词)引导
宾语从句
做宾语,用that(可省略),if,whether(or not),what(=the thing which)等连接词(原疑问词)引导
表语从句
用that(一般不省略),whether,what(=the thing which)等连接词(原疑问词)引导
同位语从句
用that(常用在news,thought,idea等词后),whether等连接词(原疑问词)引导
· 主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。如:
Who will go is not important.
It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.
That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人也可用who/whom。例如:
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.(主语从句)
It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. (主语从句)
It is in the morning that the murder took place.(强调句)
It is John that broke the window. (强调句)
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
句型
例子
1
It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that … 事实是… / It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
2
It is +形容词+从句
It is natural that… 很自然…/ It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
3
It is +不及物动词+从句
It seems that… 似乎…/ It happened that… 碰巧…
It appears that… 似乎…
4
It +过去分词+从句
It is reported that… 据报道…/ It has been proved that…已证实…
It is said that… 据说…
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
情况说明
例句
1
if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
If he will come or not is unknown (误)
Whether he will come or not is unknown (正)
2
It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前
It is said that Jiang will visit our school. (正)
Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (误)
3
It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (正)
That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (误)
4
It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (正)
Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (误)
5
含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (正)
Is that will rain in the evening likely? (误)
· 宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。
情况说明
例句
1
作动词的宾语
由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略)
I heard (that) he joined the army.
由what, whether (if),when, where 等引导的宾语从句
She did not know what had happened.
I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
动词+间接宾语+宾语从句
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2
作介词的宾语
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3
作形容词的宾语
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
4
it 可以作为形式宾语
We heard it that she would get married next month.
5
否定的转移(若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式)
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:
anxious,aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt,satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。
· 表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look,remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如:
1)The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2)This is why we can’t get the support of the people.
3)But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4)The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
· 现在进行时
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
情况说明
例句
1
同位语从句的功能(一般由that引导)
对于名词进一步解释,
The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
说明名词的具体内容,
The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2
同位语从句在句子中的位置
有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,被别的词隔开
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
考点二:名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句的引导词如下表所示:
分类
引导词
功能
从属连词
that
在从句中不作任何句子成分,也没有词汇意义
whether,if
在从句中不作任何句子成分,意为“是否”
because,as if/though
在从句中不作任何句子成分,分别意为“因为”,“好像”
连接代词
who(ever),whom,what(ever),whose,which(ever)
who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;whom在从句中作宾语;which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语;whose在从句中作定语
连接副词
when(ever),where,wherever,why,how
在从句中作状语
· 主语从句:它的连接词都不能省
1. 连接词that很特别,它不作任何成分,无意义,但是人家就是不能省。
That everything changes in the world is often remembered by my grandfather.
(is remembered 是谓语部分,那放在谓语前面的从句就是主语从句。主语从句里面 everything changes in the world 是主谓结构,不缺成分,因此用that引导)
“世界上的一切都在变化。”这一点我的祖父一直铭记在心。
连接词whether,if 引导的主语从句:whether 引导主语从句可以放句首,也可以放句尾,表示“是否”,不可省略。if 引导的主语从句只能放在句尾,前面要用 it 作形式主语。
Whether or not she will come is uncertain.
她会不会来还不确定。
It remains to be seen if they can be good parents.
他们是否能成为一对合格的父母还有待观察。
2. 连接代词what,which,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等引导。
Whichever you want is yours.
主语从句 谓语
你想要哪个就给你哪个。
you want 后面应该跟 sth,即宾语是不是?但是嘿,偏偏就没有这个宾语,气不气人?所以 whichever 就充当了这个宾语成分。
3. 连接副词when,where,why,how等引导。它们在从句里一般作状语。
状语包括:时间、地点、方式、程度、状态、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步。然后再找一个词概括,于是状语就产生了。
How he became rich is still a puzzle.
主语从句 谓语
看主语从句里面,he became rich 已经是完整的主系表结构了,how 作的就是方式状语。
句意为:他是如何致富的仍然是一个谜。
4. it 代替主语从句作形式主语。
为了避免头重脚轻的情况发生,我们一般会把很长的主语从句放到后面,但是这样一来就少了个领头羊,那怎么办?狸猫换太子,找个替身放上去,it 就光荣献身,做了这个小替身。一般见到 it 作主语,如果不是特指什么的话,那就是形式主语没跑了,然后往后面找主语从句就行了。
主要有以下几个句型:
● It + be + 形容词(clear /unfair等)+ that ...
● It + be + 名词词组(a fact /a pity /a shame等)+ that ...
● It + be + 过去分词(announced /believed /expected等)+ that ...
● It + seems /appears /happens等+ that ...
· 宾语从句
1. that 引导的宾语从句,that 可省略,无意义,不作成分。
I believe (that) she will succeed.(从句主谓宾结构完整,所以找个不作成分的that)我相信她会成功。
whether /if引导的宾语从句,whether /if不作成分,含“是否”之意,不可省略。
Nobody knows whether /if she likes this present.(从句结构完整,根据句意,用whether/if引导)
没人知道她喜不喜欢这份礼物。
只用whether不用if的情况(背背背,重点!):
● 介词+ whether:It depends on whether it will rain next week.
● whether ... or not ...:I want to know whether it’s harmful or not.
● whether to do:I can’t decide whether to pick.
2. 连接代词引导的宾语从句:在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语的what,which,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等,参见前文,和主语从句用法一样。
3. 连接副词when,where,why,how等引导的宾语从句。
4. 记住用宾语从句的三种情况:动宾、形宾、介宾。
● 谓语动词后接宾从:I have found (动词) that she did well in school (宾从).
● 介词后接宾从:It depends on (介词) whether it’ll rain today (宾从).
● 形容词后接宾从:I’m glad (形容词) that you came (宾从).(这些形容词一般是sure \certain \pleased \happy \afraid \surprised \sorry \willing等表示情感的形容词)
5. 注意宾语从句的时态要和主句保持一致。
=主句用过去时,从句也是过去时;主句用一般现在时或一般将来时,从句可用任何时态。
● He said he was going to take care of his mom.
●Tom says he has read the book already.
· 表语从句:跟在系动词后面的从句
常见的系动词有:
感官动词:look \sound \taste \feel \smell
“变得”:become \get \turn \grow \come \go \fall \run
“似乎”:seem \appear \look
“依旧”:remain \keep \stay \stand \lie \hold
“证明是”:prove
1. 连接词 that,whether,because引导。
The problem is that I’ve lost my wallet.问题是我的钱包丢了。
because 也可以引导表语从句,但不能和 reason一起出现。
I’m a little bit sleepy. It’s because I stayed up late last night.我有点困了。这是因为我昨天晚上熬夜了。
2. 连接代词 what,which,who,whose 等引导。
3. 连接副词 when,why,where,how 等引导。
This is where I first met her.(从句I first met her 结构完整,所以我们用连接副词where表地点)
这是我第一次见到她的地方。
● as if \as though(好像、似乎)也可以引导表语从句。
一般跟在特定动词后面,如 seem \appear \look \sound \taste\feel 等。
as if \as though引导的表语从句,可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气,根据后面的内容来判断。
It sounds as if you are from Hongkong.听起来你好像来自中国香港。(真实)
It looks as if he were from the Moon.他看起来好像来自月球。(虚拟)
· 同位语从句
跟在名词后面起解释说明作用的从句,跟定语从句最大的区别是同位语从句不缺成分,而定语从句缺成分。
1. 连接词 that,whether 引导。
注:whether意为“是否”,不作成分,不能用if引导同位语从句。
2. 连接代词 what,which,who,whose等引导。
3. 连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导。
4. 不是所有的名词后面都可以接同位语从句。同位语从句跟同位语最大的不同就是:同位语从句只能跟在一些抽象名词后面,不像同位语是许多名词的随行身份证。
可以接同位语从句的名词有:
fact,idea,news,thought,hope,belief,truth,doubt,suggestion,warning,message,feeling,reason,report,question,promise,advice,explanation,wish,fear,problem,reply,possibility,truth,probability 等。
You have no idea how worried I was.(how引导的同位语从句,解释说明 idea,从句不缺成分,how 作程度状语)你不知道我当时有多担心。
There is some doubt whether he will come.(whether 引导的同位语从句,解释说明 doubt,从句不缺成分)
对他是否会来有些怀疑。
The thought that I may lose my computer makes me nervous.(that 引导的同位语从句,解释说明 thought,从句不缺成分)一想到我可能会丢了电脑,我就紧张。
知识 1 : 连接代词与连接副词引导的名词性从句
引导词类别
常见引导词
作用
连接代词
what,which,who,whose,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever
有词义;在从句中担任成分,作主语、表语、宾语或定语等
连接副词
how,when,where,why,however,whenever,wherever
有词义;在从句中担任成分,作状语
知识 2 : whether, if引导名词性从句的区别
项目
用法
示例
只用whether场合
引导主语从句且位于句首
Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 她来不来都没有关系。
引导表语从句
The question is whether it’s worth trying. 问题是值不值得一试。
引导同位语从句
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意。
引导宾语从句且与or not直接连用
He has made the decision on whether the family will move to Beijing. 他已决定全家是否搬到北京去。
与不定式连用
Whether to take the job offer is up to you.是否接受这份工作由你决定。
位于介词之后
It all depends on whether they will support us.这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。
whether和if均可场合
引导宾语从句且不与or not直接连用
I don’t know whether/if he will come or not.我不知道他是不是回来。
Karan asked whether/if I could pick up lunch on my way home. 卡冉问我能不能回家的路上带午餐。
知识 3 : 不能省略that的情况
特殊情况
例句
that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时
That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.
他考试不及格,这使他父母很失望。
that引导表语从句时
The truth is that I didn’t go there.事实是我没有去那里。
that引导同位语从句时
The news that our team has won is true.
我们队获胜的消息是真的。
当that引导的从句作介词的宾语时
They share little in common except that they are from the same country.除了来自同一个国家之外,他们几乎没有共同点。
当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,第一个that可省略,其他的that不可省略
I believe (that) you’ve done your best and that things will get better.
我相信你已经尽力了,而且情况会好起来的。
当it作形式宾语,that引导的从句作真正的宾语时
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他不会屈服的,他已经表明了这一点。
当that引导的宾语从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语或与从句主语之间有插入语时
He announced,believe it or not,that he would never forgive her.信不信由你,他宣布他永远不会原谅她。
知识 4 : that和what引导名词性从句的区别
特点
用法
示例
what是连接代词,既起连接作用又作句子成分
what作从句主语
What he had hoped at last came true. 他希望的事终于成为现实。
what作从句宾语
Her interest was aroused by what he said.他的话引起了她的兴趣。
what作从句定语
What few visitors we have are always made welcome.对不多的游客我们也表示欢迎。
what作从句表语
He is not what he was ten years ago. 他不再是十年前的他了。
that是连词,只起连接作用不作句子成分
that引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句。
That she lacks experience is obvious. 她缺少经验,这是显然的。
My idea is that you shouldn’t have left the country. 我的意见是你不应该离开那个国家。
知识 5 : 含感叹句的宾语从句用法
句式
用法
示例
主句+what+(a/an) + adj. +n+主语+谓语
what是感叹形容词,中心词必须是名词。
You can't imagine what a mistake I made.你无法想象我犯了多大一个错误。
主句+how+ adj/adv+主语+谓语
how是感叹副词,直接修饰形容词或副词。
You have no idea how excited I was when I received the gift.你不清楚我收到礼物时多么激动。
知识 6 : wh- ever类从句典型用法归纳
项目
用法
示例
whatever
1.强调内容,意为“无论什么”,相当于anything that;
2.引导主语从句、宾语从句或让步状语从句,作主语、宾语。
Whatever she did was right.她做的一切都是对的。
Do whatever you like. 你喜欢做什么就做什么。
Whatever happens, don’t forget to write.无论怎样别忘了写信。
whichever
1.强调特定范围内的选择,意为“无论哪一个”。
2. 引导主语从句、宾语从句或让步状语从句,多作主语、宾语、定语。
Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. 你们谁第一个到达这里谁就获奖。
Whichever you choose, the others will be angry with you.
无论你选哪个,其余的人都会生气的。
whoever
引导名词性从句,相当于anyone who,在从句作主语。
Give it to whoever you see in the meeting-room.你在会议室里看见谁就把它给谁。
whomever
引导名词性从句,意为“无论是谁”,在从句作宾语。
He was free to marry whomever he chose. 他看上了谁就可以和谁结婚。
whenever
whenever引导让步状语从句,在句中作时间状语。
Whenever I see him, he's reading.我无论什么时候看到他,他都在看书。
wherever
wherever引导让步状语从句,在句中作时间状语。
You can sit wherever you like.你喜欢坐哪儿都可以。
Wherever he goes, I'll go.不管他去哪里,我也去。
however
however引导让步状语从句,后接形容词或副词。
However high it may be, it can’t reach the sky. 它不论有多高,也高不到天上去。
知识 7 : 两种典型的同位语从句用法
项目
用法
示例
名词+ that…型同位语从句
1.名词fact, news, truth, doubt, belief, thought, problem等词后面,对名词做进一步解释说明,连接词只能用that,且不能省略;
2.有时名词和同位语从句被谓语等分割开来。
3.同位语从句对前边名词起解释说明作用,that不作成分;定语从句起限制作用,that充当从句的主语、宾语等。
I didn't receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我没有听到会议被推迟的消息。
Word came that he had been admitted to Beijing University.消息传来他已经被北京大学录取了。
名词+wh-…型同位语从句
have no idea后面接who, what, when等wh-类连接词。
You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。
I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。
知识 8 : 含it作形式主语/宾语的名词性从句
项目
用法
示例
It is + n. +that从句
1.名词:pity, shame, surprise, fact…
2.it作形式主语,that作真正主语。
It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. 你没有去看这个电影,多可惜啊!
It is + adj. +that从句
1.形容词:certain, surprising, likely…
2.it作形式主语,that作真正主语。
It is likely that the sport meets will be postponed.很有可能运动会将被延迟。
It +不及物动词+that从句
1.动词:happen, seem, occur…
2.it作形式主语,that作真正主语。
It happened that the harvest was bad in 1988.碰巧1988年的收成很不好。
It + be +过去分词+that从句
1.动词:say, believe, report, suggest…
2.it作形式主语,that作真正主语。
It's said that she will go to Beijing next month.
据说她下个月要去北京。
动词+it+ n/adj +that从句
1.名词/形容词:pity, clear, important…
2. it作形式宾语,that作真正宾语。
Didn't I make it clear to you that I was not coming?我不是向你明确表示我不来了吗?
知识 9 : 名词性从句中虚拟语气用法
项目
用法
示例
一二三四类
1.动词:一坚持insist二命令order, command三建议advise, suggest, recommend四要求demand, desire, require, request;
2.名词:order, command, advice, suggest, requirement等;
3.that从句谓语动词采用(should) do结构。
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week.有人建议会议推迟到下星期举行。
We agreed to the order that the task should be completed at 5 o'clock.我们同意在5点完成任务的命令。
Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.我们唯一的要求是尽快解决这个问题。
因时而变类
1. I wish that…类(现在—did, 过去—had done, 将来—would do);
2. I would rather that…类(现在—did, 过去—had done, 将来—did);
3. It looks as if…(现在—did, 过去—had done)。
I wish that I had met that film star yesterday.我真希望昨天能见到那个电影明星。
I would rather that you hadn't eaten the carrot.我宁愿你没吃掉那胡萝卜。
She looks as if nothing had happened to her.她看起来好像什么事也没发生。
考点三:名词性从句解题三步走
第一步:根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系,或者根据句式结构判断是否是名词性从句。
第二步:一旦判断是名词性从句,就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语,用连接代词;若缺少状语就用连接副词。
第三步:如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整,是否需要用whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整就用that。
· 【名词性从句思维导图】
课堂精练
演练
· 单句语法填空
1.While making friends, we’re supposed to focus on what we have in common and set aside we disagree. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:在交朋友的时候,我们应该把注意力集中在我们的共同点上,把我们的分歧放在一边。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,从句中结构完整,应该用连接副词引导,在从句中作地点状语,根据句意,应用where引导。故填where。
2. remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that’s the real spirit of invention. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:仍然重要的是,我们有一种难以置信的思考和创造的欲望,这是真正的发明精神。分析句子结构,空处引导一个主语从句,并在从句中作主语,结合表语“that we have an incredible desire to think and create”,这里指“……的事物”,所以应用连接代词what引导主语从句。故填What。
3.It makes no differences you support my plan or not.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】whether
【详解】考查主语从句及固定搭配。句意:你支持不支持我的计划都没有关系。该句中It为形式主语,该空需要主语从句的连接词,从句成份完整,根据后面的“or”可知,应填whether。故填whether。
4. one of you breaks the exquisite window will have to pay for it. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Whichever
【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意:无论你们之中哪一个人打破了窗户,都得为此赔偿。根据句意,这里强调“无论哪一个”,句中给了范围 of you,,故用whichever one,意为“无论哪一个”。故填Whichever。
5.I could get you a job here if that’s you want. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查表语从句。句意:如果你想要的话,我可以在这里给你找份工作。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句。表语从句中缺少宾语,且意义为“……的事物”,所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
6.His suggestion was we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查表语从句。句意:他的建议是我们应该有一个助理。有太多的工作要做。分析句子结构可知,was后应为表语从句,此处缺少表语从句的连接词,从句中不缺少任何成分,故填that。
7.He was fired from the factory. That was he was too lazy. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】because
【详解】考查表语从句。句意:他被工厂开除了,那是因为他太懒了。结合句意可知,that was because+原因,符合句意,此处使用because引导的表语从句,故填because。
8.When you get there, you can take you like. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whatever
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:到了那里,你想拿什么就拿什么。空处引导宾语从句,从句缺少like后面的宾语,表示“无论什么”,应用whatever引导宾语从句,故填whatever。
9.I can’t imagine excited she was when she received your letter and presents. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】how
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:我无法想象她收到你的信和礼物时有多激动。分析句子结构可知,此处应为连接词引导的宾语从句作imagine的宾语,从句中不缺少主语和宾语,结合句意可知,此处表示“多么”应为how修饰空后的excited,所以此处应使用连接副词how。故填how。
10.They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is they need an English trainer. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】why
【详解】考查表语从句。句意:他们还需要准备好接受国际记者的英语采访。这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从句中结构完整,应该用连接副词连接,前文提到需要培训师的原因,此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意,应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
11 is known to us all is that the 2024 Olympic Games will take place in Paris. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:众所周知,2024年奥运会将在巴黎举行。分析句子结构和意思可知,“_____is known to us all”是主语从句,从句中缺少主语,指“……的事情”,用连接代词what。故填What。
12. we will have a picnic depends on the weather. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】When
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:我们什么时候去野餐取决于天气。分析句子结构可知,此处应为连接词引导的主语从句,从句中不缺主语和宾语,但句意不完整,结合句意,可知,此处表示“什么时候”应为when符合句意,且位于句首,首字母需大写。故填When。
13.Although repetition helps memory, psychologists doubt it helps long-term memory. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whether/if
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:虽然重复有助于记忆,但心理学家怀疑它是否有助于长期记忆。此处引导宾语从句,连接词在从句中表示“是否”,应用whether或if引导。故填whether或if。
14.There is no better way to know yourself and to see you are capable of. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:没有比这更好的方法来了解你自己,看看你能做什么。连接代词what引导名词性从句时,在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语,表示“……的人/事/物/话/地方”。分析句子可知,空格后是宾语从句,从句引导词在从句中作介词of后的宾语,表示“(你能做的)事情”。综上,应用连接代词what引导词该宾语从句。故填what。
15.We are amazed by the boy has done to the picture. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:我们对这个男孩对这幅画所做的感到惊讶。分析从句可知,从句缺少宾语,指物,所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
16. he wants to tell us is not clear.
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意:他想告诉我们什么还不清楚。该空引导主语从句,从句中缺乏宾语,意为“什么”,用连接代词what,首字母大写。故填What。
17.—Children’s behaviour is most easily influenced by his parents.
—True. That’s we should set a good example to our kids. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】why
【详解】考查表语从句。句意:——孩子的行为最容易受到父母的影响。——没错。那就是为什么我们应该为我们的孩子树立一个好榜样。空处引导表语从句,从句主干成分完整,缺少“为什么”之意,应用连接副词why。that’s why...“那就是为什么……”。故填why。
18.When dining alone, we can consume whatever we would like, with the added bonus we might be able to eat more healthily. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句的连接词。句意:当一个人吃饭时,我们可以吃任何我们喜欢的东西,还有一个额外的好处,我们可能会吃得更健康。此处引导同位语从句,解释bonus的具体内容,从句不缺少成分,句意完整,设空处应用that引导。故填that。
19.For much of Chinese history, was considered as money were small coins with holes in the middle. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:在中国历史的大部分时间里,钱被认为是中间有洞的小硬币。设空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语,指物,应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
20.He always participated to the best of his ability in they were doing. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whatever
【详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意:无论他们在做什么,他总是尽自己最大的努力去参与。此处指“他们做的任何事”,设空处引导宾语从句作宾语。故填whatever。
· 语法与写作
1. (2024年新课标I卷)我写信是想和你分享上周五在花园里的美术课。整个课堂都充满创造力和喜悦。
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2. (2024年新课标I卷)这次公园上课的经历教会我从不同的角度看世界。
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3. (2024年浙江1月卷)我相信,只有每个人的贡献和参与,这场运动才能创造奇迹。
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4. (2024年浙江1月卷)任何想报名的人都填写申请表,并在本周五之前与我们联系。
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5. (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷)我被告知我在写作比赛中获得一等奖,而且两天后有一个颁奖仪式。
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6. (2022年全国甲卷)海洋对于人类就像水对于鱼类一样重要。
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7.(2022年全国甲卷)我坚信只有通过共同努力保护海洋我们才有美好的未来。
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8. (2021年全国乙卷) 毫无疑问,与传统的学习方法相比,在线学习有许多优势。(同位语从句)
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9.(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷)我建议Youth (校英语报)刊登一些指导我们英语学习的文章,并且我希望它会变得更受欢迎。(宾语从句)
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10. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷)我写信是想问,我能不能在你的美术馆做志愿者。(宾语从句)
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【答案】
1. I’m writing to share with you the Art class in the garden last Friday. What happened there truly broadened my horizons.
2. Being surrounded by nature during class has made me realize how important it is to protect our environment.
3. I’m convinced that only with everyone’s contribution and participation can the campaign work wonders.
4. Anyone who wants to sign up for it fills in the application form and contacts us by this Friday.
5. I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days.
6. The oceans are to our human beings what water is to fish.
7. It is my firm belief that only with joined efforts to protect oceans can we have a bright future.
8. There is no doubt that online learning has many advantages over the traditional learning method.
9. I suggest that Youth carry articles to guide us in our English learning, and I hope that it will become even more popular.
10.I’m writing to ask if I could work in your art gallery as a volunteer.
课后反馈
演练
单句语法填空
1.She told me that the plane____________ (take) off at 8:00 a.m. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】takes
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:她告诉我飞机早上8点起飞。分析句子可知,空格处表示客观事实和规律,需用一般现在时态,主语为the plane,为第三人称单数且与动词之间为主动关系。故填takes。
2.Another unique human characteristic is ____________ we walk upright. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查表语从句连接词。句意:人类的另一个独特特征是直立行走。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,且从句不缺成分,句意完整,应用无任何意义只起连接作用的that来引导,故填that。
3.You can ask for help____________has rich experience in solving this kind of problem. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whoever
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:你可以向任何在解决这类问题方面有丰富经验的人寻求帮助。分析句子可知,“ask sb. for help”意为“向某人寻求帮助”,句子为宾语从句,空格处单词引导从句,作“ask”的宾语,根据句意可知,应用“whoever”引导从句,意为“……的任何人,无论谁”,在从句中作主语。故填whoever。
4.It became popular for its ease of use, and eventually progressed into____________we now consider to be the standard script. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意:它因易于使用而流行起来,并最终发展成为我们现在所认为的标准脚本。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,应该用what引导。故填what。
5.He didn't tell me____________keys were lost. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:他没有告诉我是谁的钥匙丢了。设空处引导宾语从句,连接词在从句中作定语,表示“谁的”。故填whose。
6.It’s jaw-dropping____________much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】how
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:这么多完美的食物被扔掉,令人瞠目结舌——从被杂货店拒绝的“难看”(但还可以吃)的蔬菜,到大量没吃完的盘子被扔进餐馆的垃圾桶。分析可知,it为形式主语,因此空处引导主语从句,从句成分完整,但缺少修饰much的程度副词how,故填how。
7.Now that summer is finally here, families are preparing for____________ they expect to be a great vacation away from the daily routines. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:夏天终于来了,很多家庭都在为他们期望的一个远离日常生活的美好假期做准备。分析句子结构,空格处位于介词for后,引导宾语从句,从句中expect后缺宾语,表示事物,所以填what。故答案为what。
8.I wonder____________ it is that prevented him from coming to school every day. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:我想知道是什么阻止他每天来上学。空处引导宾语从句,作wonder的宾语,从句是强调句型的特殊疑问句式,结合句意可知,此处指“是什么阻止他每天来上学”,用what引导,故填what。
9.It’s not what we do once in a while____________ shapes our lives, but____________we do consistently. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】 that what
【详解】考查强调句和主语从句。句意:塑造我们生活的不是我们偶尔做的事,而是我们坚持做的事。分析句子,第一空中构成的是it is+强调的部分+that+句子,构成的是强调句结构,故填that;第二空引导的是主语从句,引导词在从句中作宾语,意为“什么”,故用从属连词what。故填①that②what。
10.As a new diplomat, he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】how
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意:作为一名新外交官,他经常考虑如何在这种情况下做出更恰当的反应。在宾语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语,根据“he can react more appropriately on such occasions”可知,此处是指如何在这种情况下做出更恰当的反应,所以应用连接副词how表示“如何”。故填how。
语法与写作
1. (2024新课标I卷)我会打电话给你,还我欠你的钱。我保证我会信守诺言,否则你就守着我的手表!
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2. (2024新课标I卷) 我告诉他,多亏了他的慷慨和及时的帮助,一切都很顺利。
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3. (2024浙江1月卷)当太阳射出光芒时,女孩注意到阴影是如何在地面上形成图案的,引导着她的道路。
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4. (2024浙江1月卷)她兴奋地了解到,只要有一点创造力和观察力,任何挑战都可以克服。
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5. (2023新课标I卷)我被告知我在写作比赛中获得了一等奖,两天后将有颁奖典礼。
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6. (2023新课标I卷)听到这个消息我非常高兴,我立即把它和老师分享了。
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7. (2023新课标I卷)得知自己获得一等奖,三天后将举行颁奖典礼,我非常激动。
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8. (2023新课标I卷) 这次经历让我意识到,只要我们勇于尝试,就一定能够取得成功。
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9. (2023浙江1月卷)窗户上原来的洞找不到了,这真是一种莫大的安慰。
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10. (2023浙江1月卷)那只鸟好像在等我,它那双圆睁的眼睛紧紧地盯着我,好像在表达感激之情。
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【参考答案】
1. I will call you and return the money I owe you. I promise I will keep my word or you keep my watch!
2. I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly.
3. As the sun cast its rays, the girl noticed how the shadows created patterns on the ground, guiding her path.
4. She learned excitedly that with a little creativity and observation, any challenge could be overcome.
5. I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days.
6. I was so happy to hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher.
7. I was thrilled to learn that I had gained the first prize and an award ceremony would be held in three days.
8.This experience made me realize that as long as we are brave enough to try, we can surely achieve success.
9. It was a great comfort that the original hole in the window was nowhere to be found.
10. It seemed that the bird was waiting for me, its beady eyes locked on mine as if trying to convey gratitude.
【2024·新高考Ⅱ卷】
If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买,那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语,且是指事物,所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
【2023·新高考Ⅱ卷】
This is ________ they need an English trainer.
【答案】 why
【解析】考查表语从句。句意:这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从句中结构完整,应该用连接副词连接,前文提到需要培训师的原因,此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意,应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
【2022·新高考Ⅱ卷】
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
【答案】whether或if
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:对于她的出席,Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句,宾语从句句意不完整,whether/if“是否”符合语境,故填whether或if。
【2022·新高考Ⅱ卷】
He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ______ to thank him. ”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
【答案】how
【解析】考查特殊疑问词。句意:我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构,设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意,how意为“如何”,符合句意。故填how。
【2022·北京卷】
It’s easy to explain how we determine ________ smells are dangerous or not: we learn.
【答案】whether
【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的:我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知,空格前的determine为及物动词,空格后是主+系+表的句子结构,所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知,此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。
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