【春考特训课】第11讲：语法知识之定语从句---【决胜春考】2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（江苏专用）

第11讲 语法知识之定语从句 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 定语从句是高中英语学习的重点和难点，也是高考考查的热点。在解题时，除了应特别注意进行语境分析，从上、下文中找出相关的引导词所充当的成分之外，还应对定语从句的考查热点有所了解，从而做到有的放矢，找到解题的突破口。 高频考点有: 1.关系代词(that.which.who.whom.whose,as)和关系副词(where. when. why)的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。 2.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别: 3.介词+关系代词的用法; 4.不定代词/数词+of which/whom 引导的非限制性定语从句: 5.定语从句与名词从句、状语从句、强调句、并列句、简单句的甄别。 【要点梳理】 考点一：定语从句 · 概念 定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。 · 定语从句“三要素” 1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 ①指人的先行词 ②指物的先行词 ★ 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。 He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.  (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 2.关系词：引导定语的词 （1）关系词的作用 ①替代前面的先行词（替代作用） ②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用） ③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用） （2）关系词的分类 ①标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类 ②关系代词：在从句中做 主，宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as） ③关系副词：在从句中作状语（When/where/why） 3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子 · 定语从句的分类 1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。 He is a teacher who works at our school. 2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开) Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history. 比较： He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.) He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons) 考点二：关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时 先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 先行词既有人又有物时 只用which的 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况 关系代词as和which 的区别 as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 1、关系代词的用法 that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 知识 1 ： 只用that不用which的情况 1、先行词为 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时。 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时。 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用 that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。 11、有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句。 知识 2 ： 只用which不用that的情况 1、 当介词放在关系代词之前时。 2、 在非限制性定语从句中。  3、 当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。 知识 3 ： 只用who不用that的情况 1、当先行词是one, ones,anyone或those时。 2、there be 结构中。 3、当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时。 4、为了避免重复或引起歧义。 5、当先行词是I,you,he,they等时（常用于谚语中）。 6、先行词是指成员的集体名词。 7、who可以引导非限制性定语从句。 8、先行词是拟人化的名词。 9、先行词指特定的人时用who,不指特定的人用that。 知识 4 ： 关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句) （1）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语 She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that) （2）关系代词在定语从句中作表语 He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that) （3）关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略 Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in. 比较：Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.（此时只能用which且不能省略） 知识 5 ： As引导定语从句用法 （1）As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。 常用于以下句型当中： Such/so….. as….  即“像…..一样”   the same …. as… 即“和…...同样的” A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday. He is not the same man as he was. （2）引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。 As I remember, there were a net bar here. Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all. ★the same as...和the same that...引导定语从句的区别 This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物) This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. （同类事物） 考点三：关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 · when时间状语 注意：It/This/That + be + the first/ second/ last time that… 只能用that,that可以省略，从句用相应的完成时。 · where 地点状语 注意：当先行词为模糊的地点时，如point. Situation, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等名词时用where. · why 原因状语 先行词为reason。 考点四：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1、介词如何确定 （1）依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定 （2）依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定 （3）根据意思来确定 （4）为了强调某一名词，不定式前加上关系词 2、关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置 （1）whom和which可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。 （2）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。 （3）关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。 （4）关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。 3、“名词/数词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构常见的形式有： 名词/one/two/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/a few/a little/the+比较级/the+最高级…+of+which/whom。 - Jack must be ill, for he looks like listless. - 杰克一定是生病了，因为他看起来无精打采的。 知识 6 ： 定语从句中的主谓一致 1、关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 2、“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the,the only,the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 知识 7 ： 几个特殊的先行词 （1）way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式 that / in which / 不填 The way in which / that / 不填 he explains the sentence to us is quite simple. 比较：The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple. ★way在定语中作tell的宾语 （2）先行词time time表示“次数”时，用关系代词that引导定语从句 This is the first time that the president has visited the country. time作“一段时间” 讲时，应用关系副词when This was the time when there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets ★此时when = during which 在..期间 （3）先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式 why/for which/that/不填 This is the reason why/for which/that/不填 he can not come here. 比较：Is this the reason that/which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the conference. ★reason 在定语从句中做explain的宾语 考点五：定语从句的解题方法 （1）判断从句是否为定语从句 （先行词，关系词，定语从句） （2）准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词 注意： ①关系代词whose的用法。Whose在定语从句中做定语。 当先行词是人：whose =  the + 名词 + of whom     当先行词是物：whose = the + 名词 + of which Do you know the boy whose parents / the parents of whom are on holiday? I'd like a room whose window / the window of which faces the sea. ②That引导定语从句，名词性从句 和 强调句型的区别: 定语从句中的that:  关系代词，在后面的定语从句中做句子成分。 名词性从句中的that：从属连词，只起连接主从句的作用，在从句中不做句子成分。 强调句中的that, 运用于it is/was…that..结构；判断标准：去掉强调句型结构，成分仍然完整。 比较： This is the book that I am looking for.(that 引导定语从句) It is at Bashu middle school that I have studied for three years.(that和前面的it is构成强调句型) The fact that he stole the money surprised all of us.(that 引导名词性从句--同位语从句) That he will come to the conference has excited all of us.(that引导名词性从句--主语从句) We all expect that they win, for members of their team are stronger.(that引导名词性从句--宾语从句) The reason for your failure is that you lack confidence in yourself.(that 引导名词性从句--表语从句) · 【定语从句思维导图】 课堂精练 演练 · 单句语法填空 1．___________is seen from the picture, a student is overloaded with piles of homework and endless afterschool training, making him breathless. 【答案】As 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：从照片中可以看出，一名学生被成堆的家庭作业和无休止的放学后训练弄得喘不过气来。此处是非限制性定语从句引导词，从句缺少主语，表示“正如”，应使用关系代词as。位于句首首字母大写，故填As。 2．“Nicolo,” ___________ real name cannot be exposed to the public because of Italy’ s privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：“Nicolo”在都灵的一家工厂工作了一整夜，由于意大利的隐私法，他的真实姓名不能向公众公开。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作定语，修饰先行词Nicolo，此处表示所属关系，应该用whose。故填whose。 3．There are some cases ___________ many students find themselves hard to get used to so many challenges. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在某些情况下，许多学生发现自己很难适应这么多的挑战。先行词为cases ，在定语从句中作抽象地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。 4．In this case, cool evening air is a slightly different temperature than the solar cell in the panel. That becomes energy, ___________ is transformed into electricity.     【答案】which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这就变成了能量，再转化成电能。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为energy，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用which引导，故填which。 5．This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere ___________ the customers are tended warmly and carefully. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这家餐厅有一种温馨的、像家一样的氛围，顾客们被热情而细心地接待。定语从句修饰先行词atmosphere，在从句作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 6．There was a time ___________we didn’t talk to each other, but you seem not to remember. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：曾经有一段时间我们彼此不说话，但你似乎不记得了。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是time，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when，故填when。 7．Woesler said that one of the reasons ___________modern Chinese literature has attracted him is that many works have strong regional characteristics. 【答案】why 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：沃斯勒说，中国现代文学吸引他的一个原因是，许多作品都具有强烈的地域特色。分析句子可知，此处引导限定词定语从句，先行词为the reasons，关系词替代先行词在从句中作原因状语从句，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。 8．Adolescence is an important period in a person’s growth ___________ guidance is badly needed in shaping the characters of the teenagers. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：青春期是一个人成长的重要时期，这时期在塑造青少年性格方面急需指导。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为an important period，在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when。故填when。     9．Tom's love for the Chinese bamboo flute started in elementary school, ___________ clear sound guided him onto the road of flute learning. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：汤姆对中国竹笛的喜爱始于小学，清脆的笛声引导他走上了学习长笛的道路。此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词为the Chinese bamboo flute，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰clear sound，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 10．The researcher also threw light on a truth that around 50,000 microfibers ___________ fell off the surface of jeans would find their way into our bodies every time they were cleaned. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：研究人员还揭示了一个事实，即每次清洗牛仔裤时，从牛仔裤表面脱落的约5万个微纤维都会进入我们的身体。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为microfibers，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 11．Hua Mulan, the story of ___________ has been told by generations in China, is a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534). 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：花木兰是北魏（386－534）的一位战士，中国历代都有花木兰的故事。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Hua Mulan，为人，作介词of后宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 12．According to IBM, it is the first machine ___________ can debate complicated topics with humans. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：根据IBM的说法，这是第一台可以与人类辩论复杂话题的机器。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词the first machine，为物，在从句中作主语，且先行词中有序数词first，所以这里只能用关系代词that。故填that。     13．China has many museums in ___________ the collections of cultural relics are beyond count. It would be a pity if so many cultural relics and cultural heritages were only displayed in museum cabinets，lifeless and cold. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国有许多博物馆，里面收藏的文物数不胜数。如果这么多文物和文化遗产只陈列在博物馆的柜子里，毫无生气，冷冰冰的，那将是一种遗憾。分析句子可知，此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是many museums，指物，作介词in后面的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 14．In the show, the actors and actresses are also joined by designers ___________ will create products based on what they see. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在节目中，设计师也会加入演员的行列，根据他们看到的东西设计产品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为designers，指人，关系词作定语从句的主语，应用关系代词who或者that。故填who或that。 15．Some people ___________ intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income, believing that is where their happiness lies. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一些意图赚大钱的人很感激有机会增加收入，认为这就是他们的幸福所在。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为Some people，指人，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰intention，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 16．Spring tea during Grain Rain is rich in vitamins and amino acids, ___________ can help to remove heat from the body and is good for the eyes. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：谷雨时节的春茶富含维生素和氨基酸，可以帮助身体散热，对眼睛有好处。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为spring tea，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。     17．Besides, he proposed the establishment of a national school system, ___________ had a farreaching influence on the Chinese educational system. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：此外，他还提出建立全国性的学校制度，对中国的教育制度产生了深远的影响。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“他还提出建立全国性的学校制度”这件事，且从句缺主语，因此用关系代词which引导句子。故填which。 18．___________ I have pointed out, it is important to include vegetables in our diet. 【答案】As 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如我所指出的，在我们的饮食中包括蔬菜是很重要的。表示“正如”，用as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的句子作宾语。置于句首，首字母大写。故填As。 19．___________ is often the case, senior three students feel anxious and upset before important examinations. 【答案】As 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：通常情况下，高三学生在重要考试前会感到焦虑和不安。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性地定语从句，修饰主句，位于句首，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词as；as if often the case为常用句式，表示“这是常有的事”，符合句子和句意；句首字母大写。故填As。 20．The students are chatting about the books and writers ___________ will add to their favorites. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：学生们正在讨论他们最喜欢的书和作家。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the books and writers，在从句中作主语，当先行词既有人又有物时，用that引导定语从句。故填that。   · 单项选择 1.His movie won several awards at the film festival,_________was beyond his wildest dream. A.which        B.that               C.where         D.it 2.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity __________sight matters more than hearing. A.when        B.whose         C.which        D.where 3.Last week, only two people came to look at the house,__________wanted to buy it. A.none of them   B.both of them    C.none of whom     D.neither of whom 4.After graduation she reached a point in her career________she needed to decide what to do. A.that       B.what          C.which        D.where 5.By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _______can be very eye-opening and rewarding. A.who       B.which       C.what         D.that 6.Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases_______beginners of English fail to use the language properly. A.which           B.as          C.why             D.where 7.It is reported that two schools, _______are being built in my hometown, will open next year. A.they both      B.which both       C.both of them    D.both of which 8.Women_______drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those              don’t. A.who;/          B./;who           C.who;who             D./;/ 9.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ____they can be controlled on purpose. A.with which           B.to which          C.of which         D.for which 10.Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street,_______used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. A.that          B.which            C.who             D.where 11.The village has developed a lot _______we learned farming two years ago. A.when         B.which           C.that           D.where 12.Eric received training in computer for one year, _______he found a job in a big company. A.after that     B.after which     C.after it         D.after this 13.He was educated at the local high school,_______he went on to Beijing University. A.after which       B.after that         C.in which    D.in that 14.—Where did you get to know her? —It was on the farm_______we worked. A.that          B.there        C.which          D.where 15.The book was written in 1946, _______the education system has witnessed great changes. A.when              B.during which          C.since then            D.since when 16.The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ______was more than we could expect. A.it B.what    C.which     D.that 17.I’ll give you my friend’s home address, _______I can be reached most evenings. A.which            B.when          C.whom              D.where 18.All the neighbors admire this family, _______the parents are treating their child like a friend. A.why       B.where         C.which              D.that 19.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _______consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. A.where          B.when               C.who              D.which 20.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _______are beyond our control. A.most of them    B.most of which    C.most of what     D.most of that 【答案】 1.答案:A 考点:考查非限制性定语从句 解析:which引导非限制性定语从句, 指代整个主句的内容。 2.答案:D 考点:考查定语从句 解析:句意为“那些成功的盲人舞蹈家认为舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更为重要的活动。”先行词activity后跟定语从句, 从句中where作地点状语, 意为“在那儿, 在那种情况或场合下”。 3.答案:D 考点:此处考查“of+关系代词whom”引导非限制性定语从句 解析:两者之间用neither表示否定。 4.答案:D 考点:本题考查定语从句关系词的确定。 解析:英语中, point/situation/case等作先行词, 其后的关系词在定语从句中作状语时, 用关系副词where（相当于in which）。该定语从句缺少地点状语, 因此用where。what不能引导定语从句。 5.答案:B 考点:考查非限制性定语从句 解析:空白处所在句为非限制性定语从句, C、D两项可排除,关系词在句中作主语, 且指代上文的事情, 所以A项可排除。 6.答案:D 考点:本题考查定语从句。 解析:定语从句中有些特例, 那就是case, point, situation等词作定语从句的先行词, 若定语从句缺状语, 则用where引导。此处先行词为cases, 后面定语从句缺少状语, 故选where。 7.答案:D 考点:此处考查定语从句 解析: 应用关系代词, 因此排除A、C两项；B项中的both应置于are之后,所以只有D 8.答案:C 考点:考查定语从句 解析:此句中包含两个定语从句, 且关系词在定语从句中都作主语, 不能省略。 9.答案:B 考点:考查定语从句。 解析:to which中的which指代前面提到的degree, 由于表示“在……程度上”时, degree前面习惯上要搭配介词to, 故要选B。又如：To what degree are you interested in Japanese? 你对日语的兴趣达到了什么程度? At that time politicians were not known to the degree that they are today. 那时政治家们并不像今天这样为人所知晓。题干的意思是：人类与动物面部表情的不同之处在于, 人类可以在一定程度上有意识地控制其表情。 10.答案:B 考点:本题考查定语从句。 解析:前有逗号,故为非限制性定语从句, 先行词为Chan’s restaurant, 指物, 又作定语从句的主语, 故用which。 11.答案:D 考点:本题考查定语从句, 且本句为分隔性定语从句。 解析:定语从句的先行词为the village, 从句中缺少地点状语, 故用where引导。 12.答案:B 考点:考查非限制性定语从句 解析:此处为“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句, which指代整个主句的内容。 13.答案:A 考点:考查非限制性定语从句 解析:after which为 “介词+关系代词”结构,引导非限制性定语从句, which指代整个主句的内容。 14.答案:D 考点:考查非限制性定语从句 解析:where在句中引导定语从句, 并在从句中作地点状语。 15.答案:D 考点:考查非限制性定语从句 解析:since when=since 1946, 此处用since来连接两个句子, 主句要用现在完成时态。 16.答案:C 考点:考查定语从句。 解析:句意为：那里的路况证明是非常好的, 这超出了我们的想象。which引导非限制性定语从句, which指代前面整个句子的内容。A、B、D三项均不能引导非限制性定语从句。 17.答案:D 考点:考查定语从句。 解析:由于先行词是home address表示地点, 故定语从句中的关系词应为where。 18.答案:B 考点:考查非限制性定语从句 解析:句意为：所有的邻居都对这个家庭赞赏不已, 在这个家庭里, 父母对待他们的孩子就像对待朋友一样。family后跟非限制性定语从句, 此处缺少地点状语, 故用where。 19.答案:A 考点:考查定语从句。 解析:这个从句应是定语从句, 先行词是前面的cases, 空白处在从句中作状语, 应用where引导, 指抽象的地点, 意为 “在这些案例中……”。 20.答案:B 考点:考查非限制性定语从句 解析:句意为：植物的生长速度受诸多因素的影响, 绝大多数的因素是我们控制不了的。which引导非限制性定语从句, 且作介词of的宾语。 课后反馈 演练 单句语法填空 1．Many young people, most of ___________are well-educated, realize the importance of the biodiversity on the Earth. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多年轻人，其中大多数受过良好教育，认识到地球上生物多样性的重要性。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词，与most of一起引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为people，作介词of的宾语，用关系代词whom。故填whom。 2．Who is the girl ___________ is standing under the tree? 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：站在树下的女孩是谁？此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the girl，主句中有who，应用that引导，在从句中作主语。故填that。 3．The first thing ___________ should be done is to develop a cultural relic protection plan. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：首先应该做的是制定一个文物保护计划。定语从句修饰先行词thing，在从句作主语，指物，且由序数词修饰，只能用that引导。故填that。 4．Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ___________ thousands were attending a water conference. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 5．Some people grow up in more formal families ___________ hugging isn’t common. Others may experience abuse that makes hugging unpleasant. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：有些人在比较正式的家庭长大，在那里拥抱并不常见。其他人可能会经历让拥抱变得不愉快的虐待。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为more formal families，在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。故填where。     6．It is a challenging job ___________ you need to closely cooperate with the other team members. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这是一项具有挑战性的工作，你需要与其他团队成员密切合作。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a challenging job，表抽象地点，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 7．Happiness and success often come to those ___________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：幸福和成功往往属于那些善于认识自身优势的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，“those”是先行词，指代“那些人”，关系词在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 8．___________the forecast predicted, the weather was horrible for the whole weekend. 【答案】As 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如天气预报所预测的那样，整个周末天气都很糟糕。分析句子结构可知，空格处应该填入关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”，即as，空格位于句首，故填As。 9．Their youngest child is at the stage ___________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们最小的孩子正处于能说单个单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。句中先行词为stage，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系代词where引导。故填where。     10．Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,  ___________she opened with her late husband Les. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：现在，艾琳•阿斯特伯里每天上午9点到下午5点在麦克莱斯菲尔德的宠物店工作，这家店是她和已故丈夫莱斯开的。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故填which。 单句语法填空 1．The reason ___________this traditional flatbread happens to be popular among the ethnic groups here lies in its being easy to bake, store and transport. 【答案】why 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这种传统的大饼之所以能在这里流行，是因为它易于烘烤、储存和运输。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，关系词在定语从句中作原因状语，应使用关系副词why。故填why。 2．This mountain was home to the Kua Fu tribe, ___________members were all tall and mighty like giants. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这座山是夸父部落的家园，他们的成员都像巨人一样高大威武。分析句子结构可知非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Kua Fu tribe，在从句中作定语，应用whose。故填whose。     3．The reasons why Chinese is enjoying great popularity are as follows. First, China is already a global economic power, ___________ influence is growing. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：首先，中国已经是一个全球经济大国，其影响力正在增长。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词China在从句中作定语，修饰后面的名词influence，用关系代词whose引导，故填whose。 4．Beside scientific missions, the crew also gave two live science lectures from the space station, during ___________ they conducted various experiments and answered questions from students watching the class on Earth. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：除了科学任务，宇航员还在空间站上进行了两次现场科学讲座，期间他们进行了各种实验，并回答了在地球上观看课堂的学生的问题。根据句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词lectures，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作介词during的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。 5．She studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with expects in the field from ___________ she gained a deep knowledge. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她学了两年半的中医，对中医有很深的了解。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是expects，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作from的宾语，应用“介词from+whom”引导。故填whom。 6．At the Chinese art festival, there are different places ___________ artists show their skills and teach the visitors. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上，有不同的地方，艺术家们展示他们的技能，并教游客。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词，先行词places指的是地点，所以此处使用关系副词where。故填where。     7．A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___________ gives off light in the dark. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：爱尔兰的一所学校推出了一套有趣的新校服。夹克的边缘有一块布，在黑暗中会发光。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。 8．___________ I have explained on the phone, your proposal will be considered at the next meeting. 【答案】As 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如我电话中已解释的那样，你的提议将在下次会议上考虑。根据句意可知，空处应用As引导非限制定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，指代整个主句的内容。故填As。 9．I could see a group of around 20 Brazilian dancers and a band in fancy costumes standing in the street, some of ___________ carried flags, which blew in the wind. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我可以看到一群大约20名巴西舞者和一个穿着奇装异服的乐队站在街上，其中一些人举着旗帜，在风中飘扬。空格处是“介词+which/whom”，先行词a group of around 20 Brazilian dancers and a band in fancy costumes是人，因此空格处用whom，故填whom。 10．Many developing countries ___________ rely on the export of agricultural products have become fearful of famine or droughtlike situations. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多依赖农产品出口的发展中国家已经开始担心饥荒或类似干旱的情况。此处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词countries，指物，关系词在从句作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。  【2024浙江1月卷】 Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 【答案】that/which。 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 【2023全国乙卷】 But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place         welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。     The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect. 【答案】whose。 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 【2023全国甲卷】 Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 【答案】as。 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 “There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【答案】where。 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【2022新高考I卷】 The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 【2022浙江1月卷】 Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 【答案】 that/who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。 【2022全国甲卷】 On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。     【2022天津3月卷】 Kenny still remembers the class discussion ________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up.     A．why       B．which       C．that       D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Kenny仍然记得课堂上的讨论，老师要求学生们分享他们长大后想成为什么样的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the class discussion。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，意为“在课堂讨论中”，是“模糊地点”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！共 23 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第11讲 语法知识之定语从句 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 定语从句是高中英语学习的重点和难点，也是高考考查的热点。在解题时，除了应特别注意进行语境分析，从上、下文中找出相关的引导词所充当的成分之外，还应对定语从句的考查热点有所了解，从而做到有的放矢，找到解题的突破口。 高频考点有: 1.关系代词(that.which.who.whom.whose,as)和关系副词(where. when. why)的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。 2.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别: 3.介词+关系代词的用法; 4.不定代词/数词+of which/whom 引导的非限制性定语从句: 5.定语从句与名词从句、状语从句、强调句、并列句、简单句的甄别。 【要点梳理】 考点一：定语从句 · 概念 定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。 · 定语从句“三要素” 1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 ①指人的先行词 ②指物的先行词 ★ 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。 He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.  (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 2.关系词：引导定语的词 （1）关系词的作用 ①替代前面的先行词（替代作用） ②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用） ③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用） （2）关系词的分类 ①标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类 ②关系代词：在从句中做 主，宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as） ③关系副词：在从句中作状语（When/where/why） 3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子 · 定语从句的分类 1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。 He is a teacher who works at our school. 2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开) Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history. 比较： He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.) He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons) 考点二：关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时 先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 先行词既有人又有物时 只用which的 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况 关系代词as和which 的区别 as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 知识 1 ： 只用that不用which的情况 1、先行词为 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时。 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时。 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用 that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。 11、有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句。 知识 2 ： 只用which不用that的情况 1、 当介词放在关系代词之前时。 2、 在非限制性定语从句中。  3、 当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。 知识 3 ： 只用who不用that的情况 1、当先行词是one, ones,anyone或those时。 2、there be 结构中。 3、当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时。 4、为了避免重复或引起歧义。 5、当先行词是I,you,he,they等时（常用于谚语中）。 6、先行词是指成员的集体名词。 7、who可以引导非限制性定语从句。 8、先行词是拟人化的名词。 9、先行词指特定的人时用who,不指特定的人用that。 知识 4 ： 关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句) （1）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语 She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that) （2）关系代词在定语从句中作表语 He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that) （3）关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略 Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in. 比较：Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.（此时只能用which且不能省略） 知识 5 ： As引导定语从句用法 （1）As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。 常用于以下句型当中： Such/so….. as….  即“像…..一样”   the same …. as… 即“和…...同样的” A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday. He is not the same man as he was. （2）引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。 As I remember, there were a net bar here. Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all. ★the same as...和the same that...引导定语从句的区别 This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物) This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. （同类事物） 考点三：关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 · when时间状语 注意：It/This/That + be + the first/ second/ last time that… 只能用that,that可以省略，从句用相应的完成时。 · where 地点状语 注意：当先行词为模糊的地点时，如point. Situation, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等名词时用where. · why 原因状语 先行词为reason。 考点四：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1、介词如何确定 （1）依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定 （2）依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定 （3）根据意思来确定 （4）为了强调某一名词，不定式前加上关系词 2、关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置 （1）whom和which可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。 （2）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。 （3）关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。 （4）关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。 3、“名词/数词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构常见的形式有： 名词/one/two/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/a few/a little/the+比较级/the+最高级…+of+which/whom。 - Jack must be ill, for he looks like listless. - 杰克一定是生病了，因为他看起来无精打采的。 知识 6 ： 定语从句中的主谓一致 1、关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 2、“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the,the only,the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 知识 7 ： 几个特殊的先行词 （1）way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式 that / in which / 不填 The way in which / that / 不填 he explains the sentence to us is quite simple. 比较：The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple. ★way在定语中作tell的宾语 （2）先行词time time表示“次数”时，用关系代词that引导定语从句 This is the first time that the president has visited the country. time作“一段时间” 讲时，应用关系副词when This was the time when there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets ★此时when = during which 在..期间 （3）先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式 why/for which/that/不填 This is the reason why/for which/that/不填 he can not come here. 比较：Is this the reason that/which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the conference. ★reason 在定语从句中做explain的宾语 考点五：定语从句的解题方法 （1）判断从句是否为定语从句 （先行词，关系词，定语从句） （2）准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词 注意： ①关系代词whose的用法。Whose在定语从句中做定语。 当先行词是人：whose =  the + 名词 + of whom     当先行词是物：whose = the + 名词 + of which Do you know the boy whose parents / the parents of whom are on holiday? I'd like a room whose window / the window of which faces the sea. ②That引导定语从句，名词性从句 和 强调句型的区别: 定语从句中的that:  关系代词，在后面的定语从句中做句子成分。 名词性从句中的that：从属连词，只起连接主从句的作用，在从句中不做句子成分。 强调句中的that, 运用于it is/was…that..结构；判断标准：去掉强调句型结构，成分仍然完整。 比较： This is the book that I am looking for.(that 引导定语从句) It is at Bashu middle school that I have studied for three years.(that和前面的it is构成强调句型) The fact that he stole the money surprised all of us.(that 引导名词性从句--同位语从句) That he will come to the conference has excited all of us.(that引导名词性从句--主语从句) We all expect that they win, for members of their team are stronger.(that引导名词性从句--宾语从句) The reason for your failure is that you lack confidence in yourself.(that 引导名词性从句--表语从句) · 【定语从句思维导图】 课堂精练 演练 · 单句语法填空 1．___________is seen from the picture, a student is overloaded with piles of homework and endless afterschool training, making him breathless. 2．“Nicolo,” ___________ real name cannot be exposed to the public because of Italy’ s privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin. 3．There are some cases ___________ many students find themselves hard to get used to so many challenges. 4．In this case, cool evening air is a slightly different temperature than the solar cell in the panel. That becomes energy, ___________ is transformed into electricity.     5．This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere ___________ the customers are tended warmly and carefully. 6．There was a time ___________we didn’t talk to each other, but you seem not to remember. 7．Woesler said that one of the reasons ___________modern Chinese literature has attracted him is that many works have strong regional characteristics. 8．Adolescence is an important period in a person’s growth ___________ guidance is badly needed in shaping the characters of the teenagers. 9．Tom's love for the Chinese bamboo flute started in elementary school, ___________ clear sound guided him onto the road of flute learning. 10．The researcher also threw light on a truth that around 50,000 microfibers ___________ fell off the surface of jeans would find their way into our bodies every time they were cleaned. 11．Hua Mulan, the story of ___________ has been told by generations in China, is a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534). 12．According to IBM, it is the first machine ___________ can debate complicated topics with humans. 13．China has many museums in ___________ the collections of cultural relics are beyond count. It would be a pity if so many cultural relics and cultural heritages were only displayed in museum cabinets，lifeless and cold. 14．In the show, the actors and actresses are also joined by designers ___________ will create products based on what they see. 15．Some people ___________ intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income, believing that is where their happiness lies. 16．Spring tea during Grain Rain is rich in vitamins and amino acids, ___________ can help to remove heat from the body and is good for the eyes. 17．Besides, he proposed the establishment of a national school system, ___________ had a farreaching influence on the Chinese educational system. 18．___________ I have pointed out, it is important to include vegetables in our diet. 19．___________ is often the case, senior three students feel anxious and upset before important examinations. 20．The students are chatting about the books and writers ___________ will add to their favorites. · 单项选择 1.His movie won several awards at the film festival,_________was beyond his wildest dream. A.which        B.that               C.where         D.it 2.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity __________sight matters more than hearing. A.when        B.whose         C.which        D.where 3.Last week, only two people came to look at the house,__________wanted to buy it. A.none of them   B.both of them    C.none of whom     D.neither of whom 4.After graduation she reached a point in her career________she needed to decide what to do. A.that       B.what          C.which        D.where 5.By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _______can be very eye-opening and rewarding. A.who       B.which       C.what         D.that 6.Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases_______beginners of English fail to use the language properly. A.which           B.as          C.why             D.where 7.It is reported that two schools, _______are being built in my hometown, will open next year. A.they both      B.which both       C.both of them    D.both of which 8.Women_______drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those              don’t. A.who;/          B./;who           C.who;who             D./;/ 9.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ____they can be controlled on purpose. A.with which           B.to which          C.of which         D.for which 10.Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street,_______used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. A.that          B.which            C.who             D.where 11.The village has developed a lot _______we learned farming two years ago. A.when         B.which           C.that           D.where 12.Eric received training in computer for one year, _______he found a job in a big company. A.after that     B.after which     C.after it         D.after this 13.He was educated at the local high school,_______he went on to Beijing University. A.after which       B.after that         C.in which    D.in that 14.—Where did you get to know her? —It was on the farm_______we worked. A.that          B.there        C.which          D.where 15.The book was written in 1946, _______the education system has witnessed great changes. A.when              B.during which          C.since then            D.since when 16.The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ______was more than we could expect. A.it B.what    C.which     D.that 17.I’ll give you my friend’s home address, _______I can be reached most evenings. A.which            B.when          C.whom              D.where 18.All the neighbors admire this family, _______the parents are treating their child like a friend. A.why       B.where         C.which              D.that 19.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _______consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. A.where          B.when               C.who              D.which 20.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _______are beyond our control. A.most of them    B.most of which    C.most of what     D.most of that 课后反馈 演练 单句语法填空 1．Many young people, most of ___________are well-educated, realize the importance of the biodiversity on the Earth. 2．Who is the girl ___________ is standing under the tree? 3．The first thing ___________ should be done is to develop a cultural relic protection plan. 4．Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ___________ thousands were attending a water conference. 5．Some people grow up in more formal families ___________ hugging isn’t common. Others may experience abuse that makes hugging unpleasant. 6．It is a challenging job ___________ you need to closely cooperate with the other team members. 7．Happiness and success often come to those ___________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 8．___________the forecast predicted, the weather was horrible for the whole weekend. 9．Their youngest child is at the stage ___________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. 10．Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,  ___________she opened with her late husband Les. 单句语法填空 1．The reason ___________this traditional flatbread happens to be popular among the ethnic groups here lies in its being easy to bake, store and transport. 2．This mountain was home to the Kua Fu tribe, ___________members were all tall and mighty like giants. 3．The reasons why Chinese is enjoying great popularity are as follows. First, China is already a global economic power, ___________ influence is growing. 4．Beside scientific missions, the crew also gave two live science lectures from the space station, during ___________ they conducted various experiments and answered questions from students watching the class on Earth. 5．She studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with expects in the field from ___________ she gained a deep knowledge. 6．At the Chinese art festival, there are different places ___________ artists show their skills and teach the visitors. 7．A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___________ gives off light in the dark. 8．___________ I have explained on the phone, your proposal will be considered at the next meeting. 9．I could see a group of around 20 Brazilian dancers and a band in fancy costumes standing in the street, some of ___________ carried flags, which blew in the wind. 10．Many developing countries ___________ rely on the export of agricultural products have become fearful of famine or droughtlike situations. 【2024浙江1月卷】 Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 【2023全国乙卷】 But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place         welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect. 【2023全国甲卷】 Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. “There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【2022新高考I卷】 The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【2022浙江1月卷】 Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 【2022全国甲卷】 On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 【2022天津3月卷】 Kenny still remembers the class discussion ________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up.     A．why       B．which       C．that       D．where 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！共 23 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$