精品解析：上海师范大学附属嘉定高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

上师嘉高2024学年第一学期高三年级英语学科期中试卷 满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟 考生注意： 1. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题） 在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 2. 答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚填写班级、姓名、准考证号。 Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. She doesn’t need a new car. B. She has just bought a second-hand car. C. She doesn’t drive her car a lot. D. She prefers little cars to big ones. 2. A. Choose the gift she will buy. B. Decide on the paper for the gift. C. Go to Customer Service. D. Wrap the gift herself. 3. A. Water the plants more often. B. Move the plants away from the window. C. Let her take care of the plants for a while. D. Put the plants where there is more sunlight. 4. A. She annoyed the waiter. B. She spilt some red wine. C. Her jeans got lost. D. Her trousers got dirty. 5. A. She needs to call her sister first. B. The silver chain is too heavy to carry C. She isn’t going to buy the silver chain. D. The silver chain is too expensive for her. 6. A. The woman’s camera is broken. B. He wasn’t at Dan and Linda’s wedding. C. Someone else at the wedding took good pictures. D. Dan and Linda didn’t hire a professional photographer. 7. A. She doesn’t think Sally listens well. B. Sally should think more before talking. C. She doesn’t understand the man’s point. D Sally is preparing for her role in a play. 8. A. He expects to meet the woman at the meeting. B. The meeting is not expected to last a long time. C. Members will be told to be brief in their comments. D. Committee members will be informed before the meeting. 9. A. The woman got a bargain. B. The frame is not too expensive. C. The woman paid too much for the poster. D. The poster looks better without the frame. 10 A. She expects Mary to win. B. The man should vote for Mary in the election. C. Mary shouldn’t have campaigned against Steve. D. She thinks Mary will run again in the next election. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. To rebuild itself. B. To close for good. C. To move to another site. D. To keep more wild animals. 12. A. It is the world’s fifth-oldest conservation site. B. It has been where it is for almost two hundred years. C. It provides animals with a natural environment to live in. D. It has helped many endangered animals to return to the wild. 13. A. Supportive. B. Worried. C. Negative. D. Unconcerned. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. A well-known writer. B. How social trends spread. C. How people get infected. D. A marketing strategy. 15. A. The brand beat others in a design competition. B. The company increased its investment. C. They won fashion designers’ favour. D. They were seen as old-fashioned. 16. A. Word-of-mouth marketing works as well as advertising. B. Levels of exposure is determined by a company’s fame. C. Advertising campaign doesn’t lead to widespread publicity. D. Social media hasn’t increased the role of marketing. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. She can’t find her luggage. B. Her flight has been cancelled. C. She hasn’t arrived at the airport on time. D. Her tour guide has given her wrong information. 18. A. In Beijing B. In Shanghai. C. With another passenger. D. With her husband. 19. A. Her bags will be sent there. B. Her bags will be picked up there. C. He will go there with the woman. D. He will call the hotel tomorrow morning. 20. A. Contented. B. Relieved. C. Indifferent. D. Unsatisfied. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Humans can run for long distances at a sustained pace Why can humans run for long distances? Biologists have identified a mutated (变异) gene that might explain ______1______ humans are so good at endurance running Prof Ajit Varki of the University of California, San Diego, explains. How do humans compare against other animals? Many animals are capable of short-distance running, but ______2______ do endurance running, besides horses, wolves and ostriches. Humans are very unusual because we can run for very long distances at a sustained pace as long as you’re _____3_____ reasonable physical condition. Which genes influence endurance running? CMAH is the first known gene ______4______ might contribute to endurance running—it’s been around for 500 million years and got lost in our ancestors. The gene produces an enzyme (酶) ______5______ (add) an additional oxygen atom to molecules on the cell surface, called sialic acid. Throughout the body, sialic acid enables cells ______6______ (interact) with one another. We still have the same amount of total sialic acid, but we lost one major form due to a mutation in the CMAH gene about 2-3 million years ago, which _____7_____ (coincide) with when our ancestors gained the ability to run long distances. You made mice with human-like mutated genes. How did they run? There were two tests. One was a stress test: we put normal and mutant mice on treadmills (跑步机) and they ran _____8_____ they reached exhaustion. The regular mice ran for 25 minutes, but the mice with human-like CMAH genes ran for 35 minutes. Importantly, those mice _____9_____ (not train). Then we put running wheels into the cages; mice love to run-they run kilometres at night. Initially there was not much difference, but over 10-15 days, the _____10_____ (humanise) mice got better. And when we took those trained mice and put them back on the treadmill test, the difference is even more obvious: the mutant mice ran for 60 minutes instead of 40, so around 50 per cent longer. Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A. adaptation B. engaging C. fancy D. happens E. reliable F. restrict G. responsible H. scan I. spot J. surprise K. updates How to Find a Shooting Star “It’s all about just looking up at the sky,” says Hakeem Oluseyi, author of A Quant Life: My Unlikely Journey from the Streets to the Stars. “The question is, are you noticing it?” You don’t need ____11____ equipment; the naked eye is best. “Typically, any technical equipment that you use is going to ____12____ your field of view,” Oluseyi says. Get away from city light—“the darker, the better,” he says—and find a place with as much visible sky as possible, like a(n) ____13____ in the mountains or desert. Close your eyes for a few minutes, to speed up their ____14____ to the dark. “If you have to have lights,” Oluseyi says, “they should be red lights.” What we call shooting stars are parts from comets and asteroids (彗星和小行星) that can be seen year-round. But many more shooting stars are visible when the earth passes through debris (碎片)fields at the same time every year. “We call those meteor showers,” Oluseyi says. The Perseids and Leonid (英仙座和狮子座) are typically the most ____15____, in August and November. During other times of year, check the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Space Weather Prediction Center for ____16____ “It’s just like taking a fishing trip: You check the weather first because you’d want to know what’s happening in the sky before you go,” Oluseyi says. Check the earth weather in advance too. Even in clear skies, it can take a while, sometimes a few hours, before you see what you want, so go with friends to make the long outings more ____17____. You don’t have to limit yourself to waiting for only shooting stars. Indeed, sometimes it helps to ____18____ for other things. “You can look for satellites and double stars,” Oluseyi says. “You can try to find Andromeda. Every time I go somewhere new, all over the earth, I gotta see what the night sky looks like from where I am.” Look up and let the shooting stars ____19____ you: “Suddenly you see something out of the corner of your eye and you turn your head and this bright, like ‘Woo’ thing _____20_____.” Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. What phone should I get? That was an important question immediately after the arrival of the iPhone and its competitors. But today’s smartphones (and tablets) are nearly ____21____. Apple and Google (maker of Android phone software) have copied each other’s ideas so completely that the resultant phones are incredibly close in looks, price, speed and features. These days the Apples and Googles of the world are ____22____ on a different battlefield: they’re racing to build the best ecosystem. Each is creating a huge series of interconnected products and services, making it easy for you to accept its offerings and as hard as possible to ____23____ a competitor’s. For consumers, the choice is now what set of products they like best. If you’re one of these companies, though, you’ve got a difficult decision to make: Should you ____24____ your services to people who use your competitors’ products? On one hand, making your software available to those outside your ecosystem could introduce the rest of the world to the ____25____ of your products—and possibly bring in new consumers. On the other hand, you would lose the ____26____ of those services as an advantage. Why would anyone switch if she or he can already get the best of a competitor’s offerings? So what approach are the giants taking? It’s a(n) ____27____ bag. Apple is the most closed. ____28____, it writes apps only for iPhones and iPads. You can’t, for example, run the Apple Maps app on other companies devices. And you can’t use the Apple Watch with anything but an iPhone. Google goes to great lengths to make its wares available to other platforms. If you have an iPhone, you can use Google’s apps, services and even digital store. You can even link an Android Wear smartwatch with an iPhone. Why such ____29____? It helps to understand the individual corporate ______30______. Although the two companies offer so many similar devices and services, each is actually running on an entirely different business model. Apple is primarily in the business of selling hardware; Microsoft, software. Each has different ______31______ in calculating what to open up. And Apple and Google continue to______32______; both now offer, if you can believe it, software for your car dashboard (仪表盘) and home-automation system designed to work with their respective smartphones. You, the consumer, should be delighted by this ______33______. You should be happy there’s competition, which always brings about innovation (and often lower prices). And you should be pleased that overall the trend seems to be for these companies to make more of their services ______34______, no matter which phone or computer you own. Eventually the ______35______ may well become nearly the same, too. Maybe at that point, the question will once again become, “What phone should I get?” 21. A. unimaginable B. straightforward C. widespread D. identical 22. A. competing B. cooperating C. shrinking D. multiplying 23. A. switch to B. evolve into C. stand for D. set aside 24 A. put up B. take off C. open up D. cut off 25. A. dimension B. superiority C. criterion D. sponsorship 26. A. battle B. business C. uniqueness D. flexibility 27. A. expanded B. filled C. mixed D. deserted 28. A. In general B. By contrast C. What’s more D. On average 29. A. availability B. inconsistency C. thoughtfulness D. independence 30. A. clients B. accounts C. investors D. motives 31. A. courses B. considerations C. conservations D. circumstances 32. A. burst out B. scale up C. turn up D. branch out 33. A. tradition B. tension C. subscription D. direction 34. A. accessible B. interactive C. affordable D. permanent 35. A. companies B. devices C. ecosystems D. prices Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In 2018, the New York Times published a story about Amadeo García, the last living speaker of Taushiro. He lives in the Amazon, and the article looked at how he came to be the only speaker left of his mother tongue. It’s a burden on his shoulders: he was the last hope for passing his language down to his children and allowing it to live at least one more generation. UNESCO reports that in Europe alone, there are 640 languages currently in danger of extinction, with another 228 no longer spoken. With the influence of English across the internet around the world, there’s been talk of languages dying out faster than ever before. The Guardian recently reported on the low status of Icelandic due in large part to the use of English online. Every language isn’t automatically supported online. The languages you can use the most often are the languages most widely spoken in the world. What happens to culture when a language dies? Every language reflects a unique world-view with its own value systems, philosophy and particular cultural features. The extinction of a language results in the irrecoverable loss of unique cultural knowledge. When a language belonging to people in the Amazon dies, so too does that people’s knowledge of the rainforest, how they discuss and interpret certain aspects of how to live in and with that environment and the uses for plants that may still be unknown to the rest of the world. Knowledge of the world isn’t the only aspect of culture that language is intimately tied to: language forms a critical aspect of a person’s and a community’s identity as well. Because language discloses cultural and historical meaning, the loss of language is a loss of that link to the past. The loss of language, and therefore that cultural identity, can also lead to worse mental health within that community. A study published in 2007 in the journal Cognitive Development looked at the link between language knowledge and youth suicide rates among the aboriginal (土著) population in British Columbia. The results showed that youth suicide rates effectively dropped to zero in those few communities in which at least half the band members reported a conversational knowledge of their own native language. 36. Amadeo Garcia shoulders the responsibility of ________. A. preserving the dying language of his own culture B. giving birth to more children in the Amazon C. introducing his mother tongue in interviews D. protecting the Amazon for at least one more generation 37. The underlined phrase “the low status” in this passage refers to “________”. A. Iceland is no longer regarded as a developed nation B. the native language of Iceland can hardly be found on the internet C. languages in Iceland are dying out faster than ever before D. languages most widely spoken are automatically supported online 38. According to the passage, the loss of a language can lead to many consequences EXCEPT that ________. A. we will fail to know the culture linked to the extinct language B. people will not be able to figure out who they actually are C. young people are more likely to suffer from mental problems D. the cognitive development of aboriginal people will drop to zero 39. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage? A. Language Extinction and Cultural Collapse B. The Negative Impacts of Language Extinction C. The Last Living Speaker of Taushiro in Amazon D. The Loss of Culture, Community and Mental Health (B) Fresh air and the right chairs are the key to a happy, healthy workforce, according to a new survey. We went to an office in an advertising agency, to find out how healthy and happy they were as working environments. Among our experts were a building healthy consultant; an ergonomist, who studies people’s working conditions; and an occupational psychologist. Here are what they said. Building Health Consultant: This office is about as simple as it could possibly be; no central heating, no mechanical ventilation (通风设备), windows opening to straight onto the street. It is difficult to see why this space works but the occupants, who are part of a small dynamic team, appear to have few complaints. They adapt to the changing seasons by opening doors and roof panels or switching on electric radiations-pretty much, perhaps, as they do in their own homes. This may be the key: a team of seven people have created a happy, homely working environment and do not have to put up with any externally imposed discomfort. Ergonomist: The furniture here has evolved; no two pieces match. Much of it actually created bad working postures. Chairs are old, most aren’t adjustable and many are broken. Although in that way this environment is poor, the personnel have a varied work schedule, which they control — office work, out meeting clients, making presentations, and so on. This variety reduces the risk of exhaustion, boredom or muscular problems. Occupational psychologist: Staff are delighted with the variety of work and the multiple functions of the office space. They said their office was ‘neither too big nor too small’— small enough to know what colleagues were doing, large enough to be able to be on your own and focus on personal work. I found the office attractive and fun, conveying images of efficiency and creativity at the same time. 40. Both Building Health Consultant and Ergonomist find that ________ of the advertising agency is/are far from satisfactory. A. the working hours B. the employers’ mental state C. the management’s policies D. the physical environment 41. According to the Occupational psychologist, what do staff think of the office? A. It has a perfect size. B. It prevents efficiency. C. It has a creative design. D. It discourages communication. 42. All the three experts have found that ________. A. the office space needs to be more lively B. the employees work happily in the agency C. the employees’ health conditions are worrying D. the office space has discouraged attention and confidence during working hours (C) To the average person, it must seem as if the field of artificial intelligence is making great achievement. According to some of the media accounts and press releases, OpenAI’s DALL-E2 can seemingly create spectacular images from any text; and a system called Gato that was released in May by DeepMind, reportedly worked well on every task the company could throw at it. One of the DeepMind’s high-level executives even went so far as to boast that in pursuing AI that has the flexibility and resourcefulness of human intelligence—known as artificial general intelligence, or AGI—“the game is over.” Don’t be fooled. AI is getting better-synthetic images look more and more realistic, and speech recognition can often work in noisy environments-but we are still likely decades away from general-purpose, human-level AI that can understand the true meanings of articles and videos or deal with unexpected barriers and interruptions. The field is stuck on precisely the same challenges that academic scientists have been pointing out for years: getting AI to be reliable and getting it to cope with unusual circumstances. Take DALL-E2. It couldn’t tell the difference between an image of a red cube on top of a blue versus an image of a blue cube on top of a red cube. A newer system, released this past May, couldn’t tell the difference between an astronaut riding a horse and horse riding an astronaut. When image-creating systems like DALL-E2 make mistakes, the result can be amusing. But sometimes errors produced by AI cause serious consequences. A Tesla on autopilot recently drove directly toward a human worker carrying a stop sign in the middle of the road, slowing down only when the human driver took action. The system could recognize humans on their own and stop signs in their usual locations but failed to slow down when faced with the unfamiliar combination of the two, which put the stop sign in a new and unusual position. Unfortunately, the fact that these systems still fail to work reliably and struggle with novel circumstances is usually buried in the fine print. Gato, for instance, worked well on all the tasks DeepMind reported but rarely as well as other contemporary systems. A look at recent headlines, however, wouldn’t tell you about any of these problems. For now we are trapped in a “local minimum” in which companies pursue benchmarks rather than foundational ideas. Current engineering practice is far ahead of scientific skills: these departments focus on making small improvements with the poorly understood tools they already have rather than developing new technologies with a clearer theoretical ground. This is why basic research remains crucial. That a large part of the AI research community (like those who shout, “Game over”) doesn’t even see that is, well, heartbreaking. 43. What does the DeepMind’s executive mean by “the game is over” (paragraph 1)? A. AGI is quite a frustrating area. B. There has been great progress in AGI. C. No more investment should be put into AGI. D. Technology companies has put too much emphasis on AGI. 44. The Tesla on autopilot is mentioned in paragraph 5 in order to illustrate that ________. A. consequences caused by AI can be amusing B. AI is reliable in handling familiar situations C. Tesla cars are not a good example of autopilot D. AI cannot deal well with unexpected circumstances 45. It can be inferred from the passage that the writer thinks that ________. A more light should be cast on successful AI companies B. more specific training programmes should be created for AI C. more fundamental technologies should be developed for AI D. more reliable benchmarks should be established for AI products 46. Which of the following statements best summarizes the writer’s viewpoint? A. Media should talk less about AI. B. It is too early to be confident of AI. C. Human-level AI will soon be a fact of life. D. AI practice falls far behind related theories. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Computational Thinking in Science Throughout most of the history of science and technology, there have been two types of characters. One is the experimenter who gathers data to reveal when a hypothesis (假设) works and when it does not. The other is the theoretician, who designs mathematical models to explain what is already known and uses the models to make predictions about what is not known. The two types interact with one another because hypotheses may come from models, and what is known comes from previous models and data. ____47____ When projects to build electronic computers started in the 1940s, scientists began discussion how they would use these machines. Nearly everybody had something to gain. Experimenters looked to computers for data analysis-looking through large data sets for statistical patterns. ____48____ Using the computer to speed up the traditional work of experimenters and theoreticians was a revolution of its own. ____49____ Scientists who used computers found themselves routinely designing new ways to advance science. Simularion (模拟)is a good example. By simulating airflows around a wing with a type of equation (called Navier-Stokes) that is broken out over a grid surrounding a simulated aircraft, aeronautical engineers largely eliminated the need for wind tunnels and test flights. Simulation allowed scientists to reach where theory and experiment could not. Scientists became computational designers as well as experimenters and theoreticians. Another important example of how computers have changed how science is done has been the new way of treating a physical process as an information process, which allows more to be learned about the physical process by studying the information process. ____50____ Data analysts also have found that deep learning models enable them to make surprisingly accurate predictions of processes in many fields. For the quantities predicted, the real process behaves as an information process. A. Theoreticians looked to them for calculating the equations of mathematical models. B. Biologists have made significant advances with this technique, notably with sequencing and editing genes. C. The experimenter and the theoretician were active in the sciences well before computers came on the scene. D. The information process provides a simulation for the physical process it models. E. But some experts argue that it depends on how people define computer using in science and experiments. F. But something more happened. Ⅳ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Do Weird (古怪的) People Make Better Artists? In one published experiment (there was a whole series of them), the participants were shown one of the two pictures of an imaginary artists called Stefasson. One was an ordinary-looking male in his twenties, while the other was a man of the same age who “had long hair” and “had not shaved for several days”. The results were interesting. The people who were shown the untidy Stefasson liked his wiled, unconventional art more than those who were shown the clean-shaven, suit-wearing Stefasson. The researchers say this preference is due to our desire for “sincerity” in an artist. What they mean by “sincerity” is that an artist’s style and appearance should go together. It sounds like a noble idea, but in fact, a huge body of great art, literature and music was created by artists who did not look weird. Are we supposed to label these lot of classic works boring and insincere? If so, we would miss an awful lot of classic works, like Bach’s musical compositions and Shakespeare’s poems. We are too much in love with the unconventional forms of art and the unconventional types that produce them. It is a strange sort of blindness to the fact that a lot of good art has been produced by people who were models of conventionality. Wesley Kant, a leading figure of abstract art, and Eric Cooper, pioneer of musical modernism, both dressed like bankers. Larry White, one of the founders of literary modernism, set out to look perfectly colorless in his suit and hat, just so he could fade into the background. It is the gap between their boring appearance and their wild inner world that makes these creators so attractive. So as we explore the vast landscape of artist expression, let us not be blinded by the charm of the weird. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 丢了手机这件事似乎完全没有令他不安。(seem) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53. 她做出一副对歌剧感兴趣的样子, 但事实并非如此。(pretend) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 54. 这位世界游泳冠军的教练认为，不同年龄段有各自应该培养的技能。(maintain) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 55. 这家野生动物园推出了新项目，游客可以近距离观察珍稀动物，并为它们制作早餐。(which) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ Ⅵ. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友Marylin的邮件。在邮件中，她提到自己对于高中毕业后是留在英国升造还是来中国留学犹豫不决，想听听你的意见。回复一封邮件，内容须包括： 1) 你的建议； 2) 你的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 上师嘉高2024学年第一学期高三年级英语学科期中试卷 满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟 考生注意： 1. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题） 在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 2. 答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚填写班级、姓名、准考证号。 Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. She doesn’t need a new car. B. She has just bought a second-hand car. C. She doesn’t drive her car a lot. D. She prefers little cars to big ones. 2. A. Choose the gift she will buy. B. Decide on the paper for the gift. C. Go to Customer Service. D. Wrap the gift herself. 3. A. Water the plants more often. B. Move the plants away from the window. C. Let her take care of the plants for a while. D. Put the plants where there is more sunlight. 4. A. She annoyed the waiter. B. She spilt some red wine. C. Her jeans got lost. D. Her trousers got dirty. 5. A. She needs to call her sister first. B. The silver chain is too heavy to carry C. She isn’t going to buy the silver chain. D. The silver chain is too expensive for her. 6. A. The woman’s camera is broken. B. He wasn’t at Dan and Linda’s wedding. C. Someone else at the wedding took good pictures. D. Dan and Linda didn’t hire a professional photographer. 7. A. She doesn’t think Sally listens well. B Sally should think more before talking. C. She doesn’t understand the man’s point. D. Sally is preparing for her role in a play. 8. A. He expects to meet the woman at the meeting. B. The meeting is not expected to last a long time. C. Members will be told to be brief in their comments. D. Committee members will be informed before the meeting. 9. A. The woman got a bargain. B. The frame is not too expensive. C. The woman paid too much for the poster. D. The poster looks better without the frame. 10. A. She expects Mary to win. B. The man should vote for Mary in the election. C. Mary shouldn’t have campaigned against Steve. D. She thinks Mary will run again in the next election. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11 A. To rebuild itself. B. To close for good. C. To move to another site. D. To keep more wild animals. 12. A. It is the world’s fifth-oldest conservation site. B. It has been where it is for almost two hundred years. C. It provides animals with a natural environment to live in. D. It has helped many endangered animals to return to the wild. 13. A. Supportive. B. Worried. C. Negative. D. Unconcerned. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. A well-known writer. B. How social trends spread. C. How people get infected. D. A marketing strategy. 15. A. The brand beat others in a design competition. B. The company increased its investment. C. They won fashion designers’ favour. D. They were seen as old-fashioned. 16. A. Word-of-mouth marketing works as well as advertising. B. Levels of exposure is determined by a company’s fame. C. Advertising campaign doesn’t lead to widespread publicity. D. Social media hasn’t increased the role of marketing. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. She can’t find her luggage. B. Her flight has been cancelled. C. She hasn’t arrived at the airport on time. D. Her tour guide has given her wrong information. 18. A. In Beijing B. In Shanghai. C. With another passenger. D. With her husband. 19. A. Her bags will be sent there. B. Her bags will be picked up there. C. He will go there with the woman. D. He will call the hotel tomorrow morning. 20. A. Contented. B. Relieved. C. Indifferent. D. Unsatisfied. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Humans can run for long distances at a sustained pace Why can humans run for long distances? Biologists have identified a mutated (变异) gene that might explain ______1______ humans are so good at endurance running, Prof Ajit Varki of the University of California, San Diego, explains. How do humans compare against other animals? Many animals are capable of short-distance running, but ______2______ do endurance running, besides horses, wolves and ostriches. Humans are very unusual because we can run for very long distances at a sustained pace as long as you’re _____3_____ reasonable physical condition. Which genes influence endurance running? CMAH is the first known gene ______4______ might contribute to endurance running—it’s been around for 500 million years and got lost in our ancestors. The gene produces an enzyme (酶) ______5______ (add) an additional oxygen atom to molecules on the cell surface, called sialic acid. Throughout the body, sialic acid enables cells ______6______ (interact) with one another. We still have the same amount of total sialic acid, but we lost one major form due to a mutation in the CMAH gene about 2-3 million years ago, which _____7_____ (coincide) with when our ancestors gained the ability to run long distances. You made mice with human-like mutated genes. How did they run? There were two tests. One was a stress test: we put normal and mutant mice on treadmills (跑步机) and they ran _____8_____ they reached exhaustion. The regular mice ran for 25 minutes, but the mice with human-like CMAH genes ran for 35 minutes. Importantly, those mice _____9_____ (not train). Then we put running wheels into the cages; mice love to run-they run kilometres at night. Initially there was not much difference, but over 10-15 days, the _____10_____ (humanise) mice got better. And when we took those trained mice and put them back on the treadmill test, the difference is even more obvious: the mutant mice ran for 60 minutes instead of 40, so around 50 per cent longer. 【答案】1. why 2. few 3. in 4. that 5. adding 6. to interact 7. coincided 8. until##till 9. were not trained 10. humanised 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了人类为什么擅长耐力跑的原因。 【1题详解】 考查连接副词。句意：加州大学圣地亚哥分校的阿吉特·瓦尔基教授解释说，生物学家已经发现了一种突变基因，这或许可以解释为什么人类如此擅长耐力跑。根据空格前的explain和空格后的句子可知，空格处应该填入一个连词引导从句，且意义为“为什么”，所以应该用连接副词why。故填why。 【2题详解】 考查代词。句意：许多动物都能短距离奔跑，但除了马、狼和鸵鸟外，很少有动物能耐力奔跑。根据上文many animals和转折连词but可知，空格处的词和many相反，应该用few。故填few。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：人类是非常不寻常的，因为只要你的身体状况合理，我们就可以以持续的速度跑很长的距离。in … condition“在……状态下”是固定搭配。故填in。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：CMAH是已知的第一个可能与耐力赛跑有关的基因——它已经存在了大约5亿年，但在我们的祖先中消失了。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词gene进行限定说明，从句中缺少主语，且先行词前有序数词first修饰，所以应该用关系代词代替先行词在从句中作主语。故填that。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种基因产生一种酶，在细胞表面的分子上添加一个额外的氧原子，称为唾液酸。空格处用非谓语动词作定语，修饰前面的名词enzyme，动词add与enzyme之间是主动关系，所以，应该用现在分词形式adding作定语。故填adding。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在整个身体中，唾液酸使细胞之间相互作用。enable somebody/something to do“使某人/某物做某事”是固定搭配，所以，空格处应该用不定式作补足语。故填to interact。 【7题详解】 考查时态。句意：我们仍然有相同数量的总唾液酸，但由于大约2-3百万年前CMAH基因的突变，我们失去了一种主要形式，这与我们的祖先获得长距离跑步能力的时间相一致。空格处是定语从句的谓语动词，根据前面的时间状语about 2-3 million years ago可知，描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时。故填coincided。 【8题详解】 考查连词。句意：其中一个是压力测试：我们把正常老鼠和突变老鼠放在跑步机上，让它们一直跑到精疲力竭为止。空格后的部分是时间状语从句，所以，空格处应该填入一个连词且意义为“直到……”，应该用until/till。故填until/till。 【9题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：重要的是，这些老鼠没有经过训练。空格处是谓语动词，由上文的内容可知，描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时，主语those mice和动词train之间是被动关系，所以，应该用被动语态，主语是复数形式，be动词用were。故填were not trained。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：起初并没有太大的区别，但经过10-15天，人源化小鼠的情况有所好转。空格处用非谓语动词作定语，修饰后面的名词mice，动词humanise与名词mice之间是被动关系，所以，应该用过去分词humanised作定语。故填humanised。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A. adaptation B. engaging C. fancy D. happens E. reliable F. restrict G. responsible H. scan I. spot J. surprise K. updates How to Find a Shooting Star “It’s all about just looking up at the sky,” says Hakeem Oluseyi, author of A Quant Life: My Unlikely Journey from the Streets to the Stars. “The question is, are you noticing it?” You don’t need ____11____ equipment; the naked eye is best. “Typically, any technical equipment that you use is going to ____12____ your field of view,” Oluseyi says. Get away from city light—“the darker, the better,” he says—and find a place with as much visible sky as possible, like a(n) ____13____ in the mountains or desert. Close your eyes for a few minutes, to speed up their ____14____ to the dark. “If you have to have lights,” Oluseyi says, “they should be red lights.” What we call shooting stars are parts from comets and asteroids (彗星和小行星) that can be seen year-round. But many more shooting stars are visible when the earth passes through debris (碎片)fields at the same time every year. “We call those meteor showers,” Oluseyi says. The Perseids and Leonid (英仙座和狮子座) are typically the most ____15____, in August and November. During other times of year, check the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Space Weather Prediction Center for ____16____ “It’s just like taking a fishing trip: You check the weather first because you’d want to know what’s happening in the sky before you go,” Oluseyi says. Check the earth weather in advance too. Even in clear skies, it can take a while, sometimes a few hours, before you see what you want, so go with friends to make the long outings more ____17____. You don’t have to limit yourself to waiting for only shooting stars. Indeed, sometimes it helps to ____18____ for other things. “You can look for satellites and double stars,” Oluseyi says. “You can try to find Andromeda. Every time I go somewhere new, all over the earth, I gotta see what the night sky looks like from where I am.” Look up and let the shooting stars ____19____ you: “Suddenly you see something out of the corner of your eye and you turn your head and this bright, like ‘Woo’ thing _____20_____.” 【答案】11. C 12. F 13. I 14. A 15. B 16. K 17. E 18. H 19. J 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了如何观赏流星。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：观赏流星不需要任何复杂的设备，肉眼观察最为理想。根据下文“the naked eye is best”以及下文的“any technical equipment”可推断，裸眼是最好的，因此推断不需要特殊设备，fancy意为“复杂的”，符合语境，形容词作定语，修饰equipment，故选C。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：通常，使用的技术设备会限制你的视野。根据下文“the naked eye is best”可推断，裸眼是最好的，且此处用动词与is going to构成一般将来时，因此推断restrict意为“限制”符合语境。故选F。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽量远离城市的光污染——“越暗越好”，他建议——寻找一个尽可能开阔的地方，比如山区或沙漠这种场所。根据上文“the naked eye is best”可推断，裸眼是最好的，因此推断不需要特殊设备，介词后用名词作宾语，spot意为“地点；场所”，符合语境，故选I。 14题详解】 考查名词。句意：闭上眼睛几分钟，让眼睛更快适应黑暗。根据上文“Close your eyes for a few minutes”可推断，闭上眼睛是为了更快适应黑暗，形容词性物主代词修饰名词，作宾语，adaptation意为“适应”，符合语境，故选A。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：英仙座和狮子座流星雨通常是最为迷人的两场，分别在八月和十一月出现。根据上文“The Perseids and Leonid (英仙座和狮子座) are typically the most”可推断，这两次流星雨是最吸引人，由are可知，此处用形容词作表语，engaging意为“吸引人的；迷人的”，符合语境，故选B。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：在其他时间，你可以查看国家海洋和大气管理局的空间天气预报中心，以获取流星雨的最新信息。根据前文“check the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Space Weather Prediction Center for”可推断可以查看空间天气预报来寻求最新信息，介词后用名词作宾，update意为“最新信息”，符合语境，故选K。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：即使在晴朗的天空中，也可能需要一段时间，有时甚至几小时，你才能看到你想看到的东西，所以和朋友一起去，让漫长的户外活动更加有趣。根据前文“go with friends to make the long outings”可推断，和朋友去是为了让漫长的户外活动更加可靠，此处作宾语补足语，用形容词reliable意为“可靠的”，符合语境。故选E。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：实际上，有时寻找其他天体会有所帮助。根据下文“You can look for satellites and double stars”可推断，此处表示寻找其他东西，to后用动词原形，scan for“搜寻；寻找”符合语境，故选H。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：抬头寻找流星，让流星让你惊奇：……。根据前文“Look up and let the shooting stars”可推断，此处表示抬头向上看，让流星能够发现你，let后用不带to不定式作宾语补足语，动词surprise意为“使吃惊”，符合语境，故选J。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：突然你从眼角看到一些东西，你转过头，这个明亮的东西，就“哇”的一声出现了。根据下文“Suddenly you see something out of the corner of your eye”可推断，你会突然看到流星，流星出现了，此处用动词作谓语，happen“发生；出现”符合 语境，故选D。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. What phone should I get? That was an important question immediately after the arrival of the iPhone and its competitors. But today’s smartphones (and tablets) are nearly ____21____. Apple and Google (maker of Android phone software) have copied each other’s ideas so completely that the resultant phones are incredibly close in looks, price, speed and features. These days the Apples and Googles of the world are ____22____ on a different battlefield: they’re racing to build the best ecosystem. Each is creating a huge series of interconnected products and services, making it easy for you to accept its offerings and as hard as possible to ____23____ a competitor’s. For consumers, the choice is now what set of products they like best. If you’re one of these companies, though, you’ve got a difficult decision to make: Should you ____24____ your services to people who use your competitors’ products? On one hand, making your software available to those outside your ecosystem could introduce the rest of the world to the ____25____ of your products—and possibly bring in new consumers. On the other hand, you would lose the ____26____ of those services as an advantage. Why would anyone switch if she or he can already get the best of a competitor’s offerings? So what approach are the giants taking? It’s a(n) ____27____ bag. Apple is the most closed. ____28____, it writes apps only for iPhones and iPads. You can’t, for example, run the Apple Maps app on other companies devices. And you can’t use the Apple Watch with anything but an iPhone. Google goes to great lengths to make its wares available to other platforms. If you have an iPhone, you can use Google’s apps, services and even digital store. You can even link an Android Wear smartwatch with an iPhone. Why such ____29____? It helps to understand the individual corporate ______30______. Although the two companies offer so many similar devices and services, each is actually running on an entirely different business model. Apple is primarily in the business of selling hardware; Microsoft, software. Each has different ______31______ in calculating what to open up. And Apple and Google continue to______32______; both now offer, if you can believe it, software for your car dashboard (仪表盘) and home-automation system designed to work with their respective smartphones. You, the consumer, should be delighted by this ______33______. You should be happy there’s competition, which always brings about innovation (and often lower prices). And you should be pleased that overall the trend seems to be for these companies to make more of their services ______34______, no matter which phone or computer you own. Eventually the ______35______ may well become nearly the same, too. Maybe at that point, the question will once again become, “What phone should I get?” 21. A. unimaginable B. straightforward C. widespread D. identical 22. A. competing B. cooperating C. shrinking D. multiplying 23. A. switch to B. evolve into C. stand for D. set aside 24. A. put up B. take off C. open up D. cut off 25. A. dimension B. superiority C. criterion D. sponsorship 26. A. battle B. business C. uniqueness D. flexibility 27. A. expanded B. filled C. mixed D. deserted 28. A. In general B. By contrast C. What’s more D. On average 29. A. availability B. inconsistency C. thoughtfulness D. independence 30. A. clients B. accounts C. investors D. motives 31. A. courses B. considerations C. conservations D. circumstances 32. A. burst out B. scale up C. turn up D. branch out 33. A. tradition B. tension C. subscription D. direction 34. A. accessible B. interactive C. affordable D. permanent 35. A. companies B. devices C. ecosystems D. prices 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. D 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能手机及其相关生态系统的发展和竞争状况，以及不同公司采取的不同策略。文章通过解释苹果和谷歌等公司的商业模式和策略，向读者展示了智能手机市场的现状和未来趋势。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个重要的问题。但如今的智能手机（和平板电脑）几乎如出一辙。A. unimaginable难以想象的；B. straightforward直截了当的；C. widespread广泛的；D. identical相同的。根据下文“Apple and Google (maker of Android phone software) have copied each other’s ideas so completely that the resultant phones are incredibly close in looks, price, speed and features.”可知，如今的手机等智能设备都很相似。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，像苹果和谷歌这样的世界巨头正在不同的战场上展开竞争：他们正争相打造最佳的生态系统。A. competing竞争；B. cooperating合作；C. shrinking缩小；D. multiplying乘、增加。根据下文“they’re racing to build the best ecosystem.”可知，苹果和谷歌这样的世界巨头正在不同的战场上展开竞争。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：每家公司都在创建一系列庞大的互联产品和服务，让你轻松接受他们的产品，同时尽可能增加你转向竞争对手产品的难度。A. switch to转向；B. evolve into演变成；C. stand for代表；D. set aside留出。根据上文“Each is creating a huge series of interconnected products and services, making it easy for you to accept its offerings”可知，每家公司都在创建一系列庞大的互联产品和服务，使你不愿意转向竞争对手的产品。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，如果你是这些公司中的一员，你就得做出一个艰难的决定：你是否应该向使用你竞争对手产品的人开放你的服务？A. put up张贴；B. take off脱下、起飞；C. open up打开；D. cut off切断。根据下文“On one hand, making your software available to those outside your ecosystem could introduce the rest of the world to the ____5____ of your products—and possibly bring in new consumers.”空处指的是向使用你竞争对手产品的人开放你的服务。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一方面，向生态系统之外的人提供你的软件可能会让全世界都了解你产品的优越性，并可能带来新的消费者。A. dimension维度；B. superiority优越性；C. criterion标准；D. sponsorship赞助。根据下文“possibly bring in new consumers”可知，空处指的是向生态系统之外的人提供你的软件可能会让全世界都了解你产品的优越性，从而带来新的消费者。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，你会失去这些服务的独特性所带来的优势。A. battle战斗；B. business商业；C. uniqueness独特性；D. flexibility灵活性。根据下文“Why would anyone switch if she or he can already get the best of a competitor’s offerings?”可知，如果向使用对手公司产品的人开放自己的服务，就会失去自己服务的独特性，而这些顾客既然能享受你的服务，又怎么愿意放弃自己本来所使用的产品。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，这些巨头们正在采取什么策略呢？情况复杂多样。A. expanded扩大的；B. filled填满的；C. mixed混合的、复杂的；D. deserted被遗弃的。根据下文“Apple is the most closed.”以及“Google goes to great lengths to make its wares available to other platforms.”可知，每家公司的情况都不一样，复杂多样。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查短语词义辨析。句意：通常，它只为iPhone和iPad编写应用程序。A. In general一般来说；B. By contrast相比之下；C. What’s more此外；D. On average平均来说。根据下文“it writes apps only for iPhones and iPads. You can’t, for example, run the Apple Maps app on other companies devices.”可知，这是Apple公司的一贯做法。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为什么会有这种不一致呢？A. availability可用性；B. inconsistency不一致；C. thoughtfulness体贴；D. independence独立。根据上文“Apple is the most closed.”以及“Google goes to great lengths to make its wares available to other platforms.”可知，这些公司的做法不一致。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：理解各公司的个别动机有帮助。A. clients客户；B. accounts账户；C. investors投资者；D. motives动机。根据下文“Although the two companies offer so many similar devices and services, each is actually running on an entirely different business model. Apple is primarily in the business of selling hardware; Microsoft, software. Each has different ____11____ in calculating what to open up.”可知，下文提到了两家公司的不同做法以及发展方向。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在计算应开放什么时，每家公司都有不同的考量。A. courses课程；B. considerations考虑；C. conservations保护；D. circumstances环境、情况。根据上文“Although the two companies offer so many similar devices and services, each is actually running on an entirely different business model. Apple is primarily in the business of selling hardware; Microsoft, software.”可知，两家公司在考虑开放方向时有不同的考虑。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：苹果和谷歌仍在不断拓展业务；如今，如果你相信的话，这两家公司都提供汽车仪表盘软件和旨在与各自智能手机配合使用的家庭自动化系统软件。A. burst out突然爆发；B. scale up扩大规模；C. turn up出现、调高；D. branch out拓展。根据下文“both now offer, if you can believe it, software for your car dashboard (仪表盘) and home-automation system designed to work with their respective smartphones.”可知，这两家公司还在拓展业务。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为消费者，你应该对这一趋势感到高兴。A. tradition传统；B. tension紧张；C. subscription订阅；D. direction方向。根据上文内容可知，上文提到了两家公司的发展方向。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你还应该感到高兴的是，总体而言，这些公司的趋势似乎是要让他们的服务更加普及，无论你拥有哪款手机或电脑。A. accessible可得到的、可进入的；B. interactive互动的；C. affordable承担得起；D. permanent永久的。根据上文“If you’re one of these companies, though, you’ve got a difficult decision to make: Should you ____4____ your services to people who use your competitors’ products?”以及全文内容可知，这些商业巨头都是在让自己的服务更加普及。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，这些生态系统也可能变得非常相似。A. companies公司；B. devices设备；C. ecosystems生态系统；D. prices价格。空处为原词重现，根据上文“These days the Apples and Googles of the world are ____2____ on a different battlefield: they’re racing to build the best ecosystem.”空处指的是这些商业巨头的生态系统。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In 2018, the New York Times published a story about Amadeo García, the last living speaker of Taushiro. He lives in the Amazon, and the article looked at how he came to be the only speaker left of his mother tongue. It’s a burden on his shoulders: he was the last hope for passing his language down to his children and allowing it to live at least one more generation. UNESCO reports that in Europe alone, there are 640 languages currently in danger of extinction, with another 228 no longer spoken. With the influence of English across the internet around the world, there’s been talk of languages dying out faster than ever before. The Guardian recently reported on the low status of Icelandic due in large part to the use of English online. Every language isn’t automatically supported online. The languages you can use the most often are the languages most widely spoken in the world. What happens to culture when a language dies? Every language reflects a unique world-view with its own value systems, philosophy and particular cultural features. The extinction of a language results in the irrecoverable loss of unique cultural knowledge. When a language belonging to people in the Amazon dies, so too does that people’s knowledge of the rainforest, how they discuss and interpret certain aspects of how to live in and with that environment and the uses for plants that may still be unknown to the rest of the world. Knowledge of the world isn’t the only aspect of culture that language is intimately tied to: language forms a critical aspect of a person’s and a community’s identity as well. Because language discloses cultural and historical meaning, the loss of language is a loss of that link to the past. The loss of language, and therefore that cultural identity, can also lead to worse mental health within that community. A study published in 2007 in the journal Cognitive Development looked at the link between language knowledge and youth suicide rates among the aboriginal (土著) population in British Columbia. The results showed that youth suicide rates effectively dropped to zero in those few communities in which at least half the band members reported a conversational knowledge of their own native language. 36. Amadeo Garcia shoulders the responsibility of ________. A. preserving the dying language of his own culture B. giving birth to more children in the Amazon C. introducing his mother tongue in interviews D. protecting the Amazon for at least one more generation 37. The underlined phrase “the low status” in this passage refers to “________”. A. Iceland is no longer regarded as a developed nation B. the native language of Iceland can hardly be found on the internet C. languages in Iceland are dying out faster than ever before D. languages most widely spoken are automatically supported online 38. According to the passage, the loss of a language can lead to many consequences EXCEPT that ________. A. we will fail to know the culture linked to the extinct language B. people will not be able to figure out who they actually are C. young people are more likely to suffer from mental problems D. the cognitive development of aboriginal people will drop to zero 39. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage? A. Language Extinction and Cultural Collapse B. The Negative Impacts of Language Extinction C. The Last Living Speaker of Taushiro in Amazon D. The Loss of Culture, Community and Mental Health 【答案】36. A 37. B 38. D 39. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了语言灭绝的负面影响。 【36题详解】 根据第一段“It’s a burden on his shoulders: he was the last hope for passing his language down to his children and allowing it to live at least one more generation.(这是他肩上一大负担：他是将这种语言传给孩子们的最后希望，能让它至少再延续一代)”可知，阿马德奥·加西亚肩负起拯救自己文化濒危语言的责任。故选A项。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文“With the influence of English across the internet around the world, there’s been talk of languages dying out faster than ever before.(随着英语在全球互联网上的影响力不断扩大，有说法称，语言消亡的速度比以往任何时候都快)”以及 “due in large part to the use of English online.(这在很大程度上是由于在网上使用英语所致)”可知，由于随着英语在全球互联网上的影响力不断扩大，冰岛的本地语言在网络上几乎找不到了。故选B项。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Because language discloses cultural and historical meaning, the loss of language is a loss of that link to the past.( 因为语言揭示了文化和历史的意义，语言的消亡就是与历史的联系的消亡)”以及最后一段“The loss of language, and therefore that cultural identity, can also lead to worse mental health within that community.(语言的丧失也因此导致文化身份的丧失，还可能导致该社区的精神健康下降。”可知，语言丧失会导致文化遗失，身份认同困难，心理健康问题，但并没有提到认知发展降到零。选项D与原文不符。故选D项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据倒数第二段“Because language discloses cultural and historical meaning, the loss of language is a loss of that link to the past.( 因为语言揭示了文化和历史的意义，语言的消亡就是与历史的联系的消亡)”以及最后一段“The loss of language, and therefore that cultural identity, can also lead to worse mental health within that community.(语言的丧失也因此导致文化身份的丧失，还可能导致该社区的精神健康下降。”可知，短文介绍了语言灭绝的负面影响。所以短文的标题为“语言灭绝的负面影响”。故选B项。 (B) Fresh air and the right chairs are the key to a happy, healthy workforce, according to a new survey. We went to an office in an advertising agency, to find out how healthy and happy they were as working environments. Among our experts were a building healthy consultant; an ergonomist, who studies people’s working conditions; and an occupational psychologist. Here are what they said. Building Health Consultant: This office is about as simple as it could possibly be; no central heating, no mechanical ventilation (通风设备), windows opening to straight onto the street. It is difficult to see why this space works but the occupants, who are part of a small dynamic team, appear to have few complaints. They adapt to the changing seasons by opening doors and roof panels or switching on electric radiations-pretty much, perhaps, as they do in their own homes. This may be the key: a team of seven people have created a happy, homely working environment and do not have to put up with any externally imposed discomfort. Ergonomist: The furniture here has evolved; no two pieces match. Much of it actually created bad working postures. Chairs are old, most aren’t adjustable and many are broken. Although in that way this environment is poor, the personnel have a varied work schedule, which they control — office work, out meeting clients, making presentations, and so on. This variety reduces the risk of exhaustion, boredom or muscular problems. Occupational psychologist: Staff are delighted with the variety of work and the multiple functions of the office space. They said their office was ‘neither too big nor too small’— small enough to know what colleagues were doing, large enough to be able to be on your own and focus on personal work. I found the office attractive and fun, conveying images of efficiency and creativity at the same time. 40. Both Building Health Consultant and Ergonomist find that ________ of the advertising agency is/are far from satisfactory. A. the working hours B. the employers’ mental state C. the management’s policies D. the physical environment 41. According to the Occupational psychologist, what do staff think of the office? A. It has a perfect size. B. It prevents efficiency. C. It has a creative design. D. It discourages communication. 42. All the three experts have found that ________. A. the office space needs to be more lively B. the employees work happily in the agency C. the employees’ health conditions are worrying D. the office space has discouraged attention and confidence during working hours 【答案】40. D 41. A 42. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇调查报告。主要介绍了不同的专家对一家广告公司办公室的硬件设施，员工满意度的调查结果。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Building Health Consultant: This office is about as simple as it could possibly be; no central heating, no mechanical ventilation, windows opening to straight onto the street. (建筑健康顾问：这个办公室是尽可能简单的；没有集中供暖，没有机械通风，窗户直接对着街道。)”及第三段前三句“Ergonomist: The furniture here has evolved; no two pieces match. Much of it actually created bad working postures. Chairs are old, most aren’t adjustable and many are broken. (人类工效学家：这里的家具一直在更换；没有两件是匹配的。实际上，其中很多都造成了不良的工作姿势。椅子很旧，大多数都不能调整，很多都坏了。)”可知，他们都同意广告代理公司的实体环境不能让人满意。故选D项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“They said their office was ‘neither too big nor too small’—small enough to know what colleagues were doing, large enough to be able to be on your own and focus on personal work. (他们说，他们的办公室“既不太大也不太小”——小到可以知道同事在做什么，大到可以独立工作，专注于个人工作。)”可知，员工认为办公室大小正合适。故选A项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“It is difficult to see why this space works but the occupants, who are part of a small dynamic team, appear to have few complaints. …This may be the key: a team of seven people have created a happy, homely working environment and do not have to put up with any externally imposed discomfort. (很难理解为什么这个空间会起作用，但作为一个充满活力的小团队的一部分，员工们似乎没有什么抱怨。……这可能是关键：一个七人团队创造了一个快乐、温馨的工作环境，不必忍受任何外部强加的不适。)”及第三段“Although in that way this environment is poor, the personnel have a varied work schedule…This variety reduces the risk of exhaustion, boredom or muscular problems. (尽管这样的工作环境很差，但员工们的工作时间表是多变的……这种多样性减少了疲劳、无聊或肌肉问题的风险。)”及第四段“Staff are delighted with the variety of work and the multiple functions of the office space. …I found the office attractive and fun, conveying images of efficiency and creativity at the same time. (员工们对工作的多样性和办公空间的多种功能感到满意。……我发现这个办公室既吸引人又有趣，同时传达出效率和创造力的形象。)”可知，三位专家都发现员工们在公司工作得很愉快。故选B项。 (C) To the average person, it must seem as if the field of artificial intelligence is making great achievement. According to some of the media accounts and press releases, OpenAI’s DALL-E2 can seemingly create spectacular images from any text; and a system called Gato that was released in May by DeepMind, reportedly worked well on every task the company could throw at it. One of the DeepMind’s high-level executives even went so far as to boast that in pursuing AI that has the flexibility and resourcefulness of human intelligence—known as artificial general intelligence, or AGI—“the game is over.” Don’t be fooled. AI is getting better-synthetic images look more and more realistic, and speech recognition can often work in noisy environments-but we are still likely decades away from general-purpose, human-level AI that can understand the true meanings of articles and videos or deal with unexpected barriers and interruptions. The field is stuck on precisely the same challenges that academic scientists have been pointing out for years: getting AI to be reliable and getting it to cope with unusual circumstances. Take DALL-E2. It couldn’t tell the difference between an image of a red cube on top of a blue versus an image of a blue cube on top of a red cube. A newer system, released this past May, couldn’t tell the difference between an astronaut riding a horse and horse riding an astronaut. When image-creating systems like DALL-E2 make mistakes, the result can be amusing. But sometimes errors produced by AI cause serious consequences. A Tesla on autopilot recently drove directly toward a human worker carrying a stop sign in the middle of the road, slowing down only when the human driver took action. The system could recognize humans on their own and stop signs in their usual locations but failed to slow down when faced with the unfamiliar combination of the two, which put the stop sign in a new and unusual position. Unfortunately, the fact that these systems still fail to work reliably and struggle with novel circumstances is usually buried in the fine print. Gato, for instance, worked well on all the tasks DeepMind reported but rarely as well as other contemporary systems. A look at recent headlines, however, wouldn’t tell you about any of these problems. For now we are trapped in a “local minimum” in which companies pursue benchmarks rather than foundational ideas. Current engineering practice is far ahead of scientific skills: these departments focus on making small improvements with the poorly understood tools they already have rather than developing new technologies with a clearer theoretical ground. This is why basic research remains crucial. That a large part of the AI research community (like those who shout, “Game over”) doesn’t even see that is, well, heartbreaking. 43. What does the DeepMind’s executive mean by “the game is over” (paragraph 1)? A. AGI is quite a frustrating area. B. There has been great progress in AGI. C. No more investment should be put into AGI. D. Technology companies has put too much emphasis on AGI. 44. The Tesla on autopilot is mentioned in paragraph 5 in order to illustrate that ________. A. consequences caused by AI can be amusing B. AI is reliable in handling familiar situations C. Tesla cars are not a good example of autopilot D. AI cannot deal well with unexpected circumstances 45. It can be inferred from the passage that the writer thinks that ________. A. more light should be cast on successful AI companies B. more specific training programmes should be created for AI C. more fundamental technologies should be developed for AI D. more reliable benchmarks should be established for AI products 46. Which of the following statements best summarizes the writer’s viewpoint? A. Media should talk less about AI. B. It is too early to be confident of AI. C. Human-level AI will soon be a fact of life. D. AI practice falls far behind related theories. 【答案】43. B 44. D 45. C 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对人工智能领域的最新进展进行了分析和评论，指出了当前人工智能技术的局限性，并对未来的发展提出了看法和建议。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“One of the DeepMind’s high-level executives even went so far as to boast that in pursuing AI that has the flexibility and resourcefulness of human intelligence—known as artificial general intelligence, or AGI—“the game is over.”(DeepMind的一位高层管理人员甚至大放厥词，声称在追求具有人类智能的灵活性和足智多谋的人工智能——即通用人工智能（AGI）方面，“大局已定”。)”可知，DeepMind的高管在谈到通用人工智能（AGI）时表示“the game is over”，并且前文提到OpenAI的DALL-E2和DeepMind的Gato系统似乎都取得了显著成果。这里的“the game is over”通常用来表示某件事情已经结束或大局已定，结合上下文，可以理解为在通用人工智能领域已经取得了显著的进步。故选B。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“A Tesla on autopilot recently drove directly toward a human worker carrying a stop sign in the middle of the road, slowing down only when the human driver took action. The system could recognize humans on their own and stop signs in their usual locations but failed to slow down when faced with the unfamiliar combination of the two, which put the stop sign in a new and unusual position.(一辆处于自动驾驶模式的特斯拉汽车最近直接向道路中间手持停车标志的工作人员驶去，直到人类驾驶员采取行动才减速。该系统可以识别单独的人和停车标志在其通常所在的位置，但面对将停车标志放在一个新且不寻常位置的这种不常见组合时，它未能减速。)”可知，在第五段中提到特斯拉自动驾驶汽车在面对道路中间手持停车标志的工作人员时未能减速，直到人类驾驶员采取行动才避免事故。这表明自动驾驶系统虽然能识别单独的人和停车标志在其通常所在的位置，但面对不常见的组合时无法正确应对，即无法很好地处理意外情况。故选D。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“For now we are trapped in a “local minimum” in which companies pursue benchmarks rather than foundational ideas. Current engineering practice is far ahead of scientific skills: these departments focus on making small improvements with the poorly understood tools they already have rather than developing new technologies with a clearer theoretical ground. This is why basic research remains crucial. That a large part of the AI research community (like those who shout, “Game over”) doesn’t even see that is, well, heartbreaking.(目前，我们陷入了一个“局部最小值”的困境，企业追求基准测试，而不是基础理念。当前的工程技术实践远远领先于科学技能：这些部门专注于利用他们已掌握的、理解程度不高的工具进行小幅改进，而不是开发具有更明确理论基础的新技术。这就是为什么基础研究仍然至关重要。而人工智能研究界的一大部分人（如那些高呼“大局已定”的人）甚至没有意识到这一点，这着实令人心碎。)”可知，作者认为基础研究非常重要，应该为为人工智能开发更多的基础技术。故选C。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“According to some of the media accounts and press releases, OpenAI’s DALL-E2 can seemingly create spectacular images from any text; and a system called Gato that was released in May by DeepMind, reportedly worked well on every task the company could throw at it. One of the DeepMind’s high-level executives even went so far as to boast that in pursuing AI that has the flexibility and resourcefulness of human intelligence—known as artificial general intelligence, or AGI—“the game is over.” Don’t be fooled.(根据一些媒体报道和新闻稿，OpenAI的DALL-E2似乎可以从任何文本中创建出壮观的图像；据报道，DeepMind在5月发布的一个名为Gato的系统，在公司能想到的每一项任务上都表现得很好。DeepMind的一位高层管理人员甚至大放厥词，声称在追求具有人类智能的灵活性和足智多谋的人工智能——即通用人工智能（AGI）方面，“大局已定”。别被骗了。)”可知，作者认为尽管媒体和一些公司宣称在人工智能领域取得了巨大成就，但实际上还远未达到人类级别的智能水平，因此对AI有信心还为时过早。故选B。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Computational Thinking in Science Throughout most of the history of science and technology, there have been two types of characters. One is the experimenter who gathers data to reveal when a hypothesis (假设) works and when it does not. The other is the theoretician, who designs mathematical models to explain what is already known and uses the models to make predictions about what is not known. The two types interact with one another because hypotheses may come from models, and what is known comes from previous models and data. ____47____ When projects to build electronic computers started in the 1940s, scientists began discussion how they would use these machines. Nearly everybody had something to gain. Experimenters looked to computers for data analysis-looking through large data sets for statistical patterns. ____48____ Using the computer to speed up the traditional work of experimenters and theoreticians was a revolution of its own. ____49____ Scientists who used computers found themselves routinely designing new ways to advance science. Simularion (模拟)is a good example. By simulating airflows around a wing with a type of equation (called Navier-Stokes) that is broken out over a grid surrounding a simulated aircraft, aeronautical engineers largely eliminated the need for wind tunnels and test flights. Simulation allowed scientists to reach where theory and experiment could not. Scientists became computational designers as well as experimenters and theoreticians. Another important example of how computers have changed how science is done has been the new way of treating a physical process as an information process, which allows more to be learned about the physical process by studying the information process. ____50____ Data analysts also have found that deep learning models enable them to make surprisingly accurate predictions of processes in many fields. For the quantities predicted, the real process behaves as an information process. A. Theoreticians looked to them for calculating the equations of mathematical models. B. Biologists have made significant advances with this technique, notably with sequencing and editing genes. C. The experimenter and the theoretician were active in the sciences well before computers came on the scene. D. The information process provides a simulation for the physical process it models. E. But some experts argue that it depends on how people define computer using in science and experiments. F. But something more happened. 【答案】47. C 48. A 49. F 50. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述计算技术如何改变科学研究者的工作方式及其在科学中的应用。 【47题详解】 根据“One is the experimenter who gathers data to reveal when a hypothesis (假设)works and when it does not. The other is the theoretician, who designs mathematical models to explain what is already known and uses the models to make predictions about what is not known. (一种是实验者，他们通过收集数据来揭示假设何时成立，何时不成立。另一种是理论家，他们设计数学模型来解释已知的事物，并利用这些模型对未知的事物进行预测。)”可知，选项C中的“The experimenter and the theoretician”与上文中的“the experimenter”“the theoretician”相呼应，所以选项C“实验者和理论家在计算机出现之前就已经活跃在科学领域。”，符合语境。故选C。 【48题详解】 根据“Nearly everybody had something to gain. Experimenters looked to computers for data analysis-looking through large data sets for statistical patterns. (几乎每个人都有所收获。实验者依靠计算机进行数据分析——在大型数据集中寻找统计模式。)”可知，下文应紧接着实验者使用计算机进行数据分析的叙述，进一步解释了理论家如何运用计算机，快速概括了两类科学家的需求。所以选项A “理论学家们则希望利用计算机来计算数学模型的方程。”，符合题意。故选A。 【49题详解】 根据“Using the computer to speed up the traditional work of experimenters and theoreticians was a revolution of its own. (使用计算机加速实验者和理论家的传统工作本身就是一场革命。)”以及“Scientists who used computers found themselves routinely designing new ways to advance science. Simularion (模拟) is a good example. (使用计算机的科学家发现自己经常在设计新方法以推动科学进步。模拟就是一个很好的例子。)”可知，空处应承接前文改善实验者和理论家工作方式的陈述，引出新的内容。所以选项F“但还发生了一些其他事情。”承上启下，符合题意。故选F。 【50题详解】 根据“Another important example of how computers have changed how science is done has been the new way of treating a physical process as an information process, which allows more to be learned about the physical process by studying the information process. (另一个重要的例子是计算机如何改变科学研究方式，即将物理过程视为信息过程，通过研究信息过程可以更多地了解物理过程。)”可知，信息过程和物理过程之间的关系，选项D“信息处理为它所模拟的物理过程提供了一个模拟。”与上文相呼应，故选D。 Ⅳ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Do Weird (古怪的) People Make Better Artists? In one published experiment (there was a whole series of them), the participants were shown one of the two pictures of an imaginary artists called Stefasson. One was an ordinary-looking male in his twenties, while the other was a man of the same age who “had long hair” and “had not shaved for several days”. The results were interesting. The people who were shown the untidy Stefasson liked his wiled, unconventional art more than those who were shown the clean-shaven, suit-wearing Stefasson. The researchers say this preference is due to our desire for “sincerity” in an artist. What they mean by “sincerity” is that an artist’s style and appearance should go together. It sounds like a noble idea, but in fact, a huge body of great art, literature and music was created by artists who did not look weird. Are we supposed to label these lot of classic works boring and insincere? If so, we would miss an awful lot of classic works, like Bach’s musical compositions and Shakespeare’s poems. We are too much in love with the unconventional forms of art and the unconventional types that produce them. It is a strange sort of blindness to the fact that a lot of good art has been produced by people who were models of conventionality. Wesley Kant, a leading figure of abstract art, and Eric Cooper, pioneer of musical modernism, both dressed like bankers. Larry White, one of the founders of literary modernism, set out to look perfectly colorless in his suit and hat, just so he could fade into the background. It is the gap between their boring appearance and their wild inner world that makes these creators so attractive. So as we explore the vast landscape of artist expression, let us not be blinded by the charm of the weird. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The passage discusses whether “weird” people make better artists. It presents research suggesting that people prefer the art of artists who look unconventional, associating this with artistic sincerity. However, it argues that many great works were created by conventional-looking individuals, emphasizing that the disconnect between their mundane appearance and profound inner creativity is what truly attracts us. 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了怪人是否会成为更好的艺术家这个问题。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Do Weird (古怪的) People Make Better Artists? ②In one published experiment (there was a whole series of them), the participants were shown one of the two pictures of an imaginary artists called Stefasson. ③The results were interesting. The people who were shown the untidy Stefasson liked his wiled, unconventional art more than those who were shown the clean-shaven, suit-wearing Stefasson. The researchers say this preference is due to our desire for “sincerity” in an artist. ④It is a strange sort of blindness to the fact that a lot of good art has been produced by people who were models of conventionality. ⑤It is the gap between their boring appearance and their wild inner world that makes these creators so attractive. 2.缜密构思 将1、2、3、4、5要点进行重组，2、3要点进行整合，4、5要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The passage discusses whether “weird” people make better artists. It presents research suggesting that people prefer the art of artists who look unconventional, associating this with artistic sincerity. However, it argues that many great works were created by conventional-looking individuals, emphasizing that the disconnect between their mundane appearance and profound inner creativity is what truly attracts us. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 The passage discusses whether “weird” people make better artists.(运用了whether引导宾语从句。) 【高分句型2】 It presents research suggesting that people prefer the art of artists who look unconventional, associating this with artistic sincerity.(运用了现在分词作状语和who引导定语从句。) Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 丢了手机这件事似乎完全没有令他不安。(seem) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Losing the phone didn’t seem to upset him at all.   【解析】 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词。表示“丢了手机”用lose the phone，用动名词，作主语，句首单词首字母大写。表示“似乎做某事”用seem to do sth.。表示“使烦恼”用upset，位于不定式符号to后，动词用原形。表示“他”用him，作upset的宾语。表示“完全不，根本不”用not... at all，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，助动词用didn’t。故翻译为Losing the phone didn’t seem to upset him at all. 53. 她做出一副对歌剧感兴趣的样子, 但事实并非如此。(pretend) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She pretends to be interested in opera, but that’s not the case. 【解析】 【详解】考查代词、动词、短语、连词。主语“她”应用代词she；表示“做出…的样子”应用动词pretend，使用pretend to do sth.结构，意为“假装做某事”；谓语动词要和主语保持一致，应用pretends；表示“对歌剧感兴趣”短语为be interested in opera，作动词pretend的宾语；表示“但”连词为but；表示“事实并非如此”应用固定句型That’s not the case。故翻译为She pretends to be interested in opera, but that’s not the case。 54. 这位世界游泳冠军的教练认为，不同年龄段有各自应该培养的技能。(maintain) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The world swimming champion’s coach maintains that different age groups should develop their own specific skills. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、宾语从句。表示“这位世界游泳冠军的教练”用the world swimming champion’s coach，作主语，句首单词首字母大写。表示“主张”用maintain，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数。表示“不同年龄段有各自应该培养的技能”用宾语从句，宾语从句中：表示“不同年龄组别”用different age groups，作主语；表示“应该”用情态动词should；表示“培养”用develop，位于should后，用动词原形；表示“他们自己的特殊技能”用their own specific skills，作should develop的宾语；从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故翻译为The world swimming champion’s coach maintains that different age groups should develop their own specific skills. 55. 这家野生动物园推出了新项目，游客可以近距离观察珍稀动物，并为它们制作早餐。(which) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This wildlife park has launched a new project, which allows visitors to observe rare animals closely and make breakfast for them. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。表示“这家野生动物园”应用this wildlife park；表示“推出了”应用launch，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响，使用现在完成时，主语为单数名词，助动词用has；表示“一个新项目”应用a new project；“游客可以近距离观察珍稀动物，并为它们制作早餐”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词project，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导；从句使用一般现在时，陈述客观事实，表示“允许某人做某事”应用allow sb. to do sth.，which指代project，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式；表示“游客”应用visitors；表示“近距离观察珍稀动物”应用observe rare animals closely；表示“并且”应用and；表示“为它们制作早餐”应用make breakfast for them；observe和make位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形。故翻译成：This wildlife park has launched a new project, which allows visitors to observe rare animals closely and make breakfast for them.。 Ⅵ. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友Marylin的邮件。在邮件中，她提到自己对于高中毕业后是留在英国升造还是来中国留学犹豫不决，想听听你的意见。回复一封邮件，内容须包括： 1) 你的建议； 2) 你的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Marylin, I’m glad to receive your email and I understand your dilemma about choosing where to pursue further studies. From my point of view, I’d suggest you taking the opportunity to study abroad, which is more rewarding in the long run. First of all, studying abroad will broaden our horizons and help us gain rich knowledge, which is hardly possible to be learned in your own country. Since you’ve always been keen on Chinese culture and customs, it’s truly a great chance for you to experience different culture. Second, not only can studying abroad help us learn different culture and knowledge from foreign countries, but also is beneficial to foster our perseverance and invisibly enhance our ability to depend on ourselves. I believe it’s wiser and more meaningful for you to come to China for further study after graduation. Yours Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生回复邮件，向英国笔友Marylin提供建议，帮助她决定高中毕业后的留学选择，并阐述理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 机会：opportunity → chance 收获：gain → obtain 对……感兴趣：be keen on → be interested in 增强，提升：enhance → improve 2.句式拓展 扩写句子 原句：I believe it’s wiser and more meaningful for you to come to China for further study after graduation. 拓展句：I believe it’s wiser and more meaningful for you to come to China for further study after graduation and I hope this advice will be helpful to you. 【点睛】【高分句型1】From my point of view, I’d suggest you taking the opportunity to study abroad, which is more rewarding in the long run.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】Since you’ve always been keen on Chinese culture and customs, it’s truly a great chance for you to experience different culture.(运用了Since引导的原因状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$