2025年中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：专题八简单句

专题八 简单句 知识必备 简单句的类别及作用感知 类别 作用 例句 陈述句 用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法、态度等 The teacher is very kind and patient.这位老师很和蔼,又有耐心。 疑 问 句 一般疑问句 询问一件事或情况是否属实 Is the man your father?那个人是你爸爸吗? 特殊疑问句 用来对句子某一具体成分提问 What does your father do?你爸爸是做什么的? 选择疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的情况供对方选择 Which one is better, the red dress or the yellow dress?红裙子和黄裙子哪条更好? 类别 作用 例句 感叹句 用以表达惊讶、喜悦、愤怒、快乐、痛苦等强烈感情 What an excellent student Jim is!吉姆是个多么优秀的学生啊! How beautiful the city is!这座城市多美啊! 祈使句 用以表示命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止或建议 Don't be late for school!上学不要迟到! There be句型 表示“某处存在某物或某人” There are many people in the park.公园里有很多人。 (2023 长沙改编)1. _ you know World Letter Writing Day? It falls on September 1st every year. It was set up by Richard Simpkin in 2014. He encouraged people 2._(take) a break from today's social media(媒体) and write a letter to someone by hand. 3. _ should you write to? Think about a friend or a relative that lives far away. A parent or best friend would also love to receive your letter. How do you write a letter?There 4._(be) some important parts included in a letter. The date and a greeting(问候语) such as “Dear…” should be at the top of the letter. A closing such as “Love” or “Yours truly” needs to follow the body. 5._(end) it by signing it. Do to take Who/Whom are End Why should you pick up a pen and write a letter? It is a surprise that may make someone's day. It's 6._ good way to show people that you have been thinking of them. Everyone loves a personal touch. It makes 7._(enjoy) memories. Some people save 8._(letter) and look at them over the years. A recent study shows that letter writing 9._(make) the writer happy, too. “Handwriting is your DNA. It's your fingerprint that only you can share with others,” said Richard Simpkin. So, get some paper 10._ pick up a pen. Start writing a letter today! a enjoyable letters makes and 考点1 陈述句 陈述句有肯定(详见本书P85知识必备 简单句的基本句型)和否定两种形式,句末标点用“.”。 否定 形式 构成 例句 谓语含有be动词、助动词或情态动词等时,其否定形式是在这些词之后加not I have not heard the latest news about the football match.我还没有听到关于足球比赛的最新消息。 否定 形式 构成 例句 谓语是实义动词,其否定形式是在实义动词之前加don't/doesn't/didn't I don't know anything about him.我对他一无所知。 Life doesn't always give us the joys we want.生活并不总是给我们想要的快乐。 no, never, hardly等否定词用在句子中也可构成否定形式 He could hardly speak English before.他以前几乎不会说英语。 “too…to…”结构本身具有否定的含义 She is too young to go to school. 她年龄太小,还不能去上学。 将下列句子翻译成汉语 1.(2024 无锡改编)There's still a long way to go. _ 2.(2024 连云港改编)The past can never be changed and it is useless to worry about the future. _ 3.(2024 贵州改编)Judy advises Frank to make a card for his father's birthday. _ 还有很长的路要走。 过去永远不会改变,担心未来也没用。 Judy(朱迪)建议Frank(弗兰克)为他父亲的生日做一张卡片。 4.(2023 常德)Instead, they gave the family a car for free as a Christmas gift. _ 5.(2022 长沙)Paper-cuts from the north of China usually have interesting shapes. _ 6.(2022 邵阳)They only need to collect waste. _ 7.(2022 常德)Honesty is the best policy. _ 相反,他们免费给这家人一辆汽车作为圣诞礼物。 中国北方的剪纸通常有着有趣的形状。 他们仅仅需要收集垃圾。 诚为上策。 考点2 疑问句 疑问句是用以提问的句子,句末用问号。疑问句又分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句,下面主要讲课标要求的3种。 一般疑问句 句型 例句 Be+主语+其他? —Is this your schoolbag?这是你的书包吗? —No, it isn't.不,这不是。 情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他? —Can he speak French?他会说法语吗? —No, he can't.不,他不会。 助动词+主语+动词原形/分词+其他? —Has she cleaned her bedroom?她打扫她的卧室了吗? —Yes, she has.是的,她打扫了。 疑问词(组) 用法 例句 what 询问名字 —What's her name?她叫什么名字? —Her name/She is Jane.她叫简。 询问职业或身份 —What does your sister do?/What's your sister's job?你姐姐是做什么的? —She's a nurse.她是一名护士。 询问星期 —What day is today?今天星期几? —It's Tuesday.今天星期二。 询问日期 —What's the date today?今天是几号? —It's June 8th.今天是6月8日。 疑问词(组) 用法 例句 what 询问时间 —What time do you go to school?你什么时候去上学? —At about 7:30.7:30左右。 询问颜色 —What color is your hat?你的帽子是什么颜色的? —Red.红色的。 询问价格 —What's the price of the dress?这条连衣裙的价格是多少? —It's seventy yuan.70元。 疑问词(组) 用法 例句 what 询问天气 —What's the weather like?/How's the weather?天气怎么样? —It's sunny and hot.晴朗而炎热。 询问气温 —What's the temperature now?现在的温度是多少? —It's thirty degrees.30摄氏度。 询问某人的看法 —What does he think of/How does he like the trip?他认为这次旅行怎么样? —He thinks it's terrible.他觉得很糟糕。 疑问词(组) 用法 例句 how 询问状态 —How's your day?你今天过得怎么样? —Good.很好。 询问方式 —How do you get to school?你怎么来的学校? —I ride my bike./By bike.我骑自行车。 how old 询问年龄 —How old are you?你多大了? —I'm fourteen.我14岁。 how many 询问可数 名词的数量 —How many apples do we need?我们需要多少个苹果? —Twenty.20个。 疑问词(组) 用法 例句 how much 询问不可数名词的数量 —How much yogurt do we need?我们需要多少酸奶? —Two cups.两杯。 询问价格 —How much is the hat?这顶帽子多少钱? —Fifteen yuan.15元。 how long 询问物体的长度 —How long is the wall?这堵墙有多长? —It's ten meters long.有10米长。 询问时间的长短 —How long does it take to get to school?到达学校要花费多长时间? —It takes about 15 minutes.大约花费15分钟。 疑问词(组) 用法 例句 how tall 询问人的身高 —How tall are you?你多高? —I'm 1.6 meters tall.我1.6米高。 how high 询问物体的高度 —What's the height of/How high is the mountain?这座山有多高? —It's about 500 meters in height.大概500米高。 how far 询问距离,表示“多远” —How far is it from your home to school?从你家到学校有多远? —It's only about two kilometers.只有大约两千米。 疑问词(组) 用法 例句 how heavy 询问重量,表示“多重” —How heavy is the box?这个箱子多重? —About ten kilos.大约10千克。 how often 询问频率,表示“多久一次” —How often do you go to the movies?你多久看一次电影? —I go to the movies maybe once a month.我大概一个月看一次电影。 how soon 对将来的一段时间提问,表示“多久以后” —How soon will the plane take off?飞机多久之后起飞? —In half an hour.半个小时之后。 疑问词(组) 用法 例句 who 询问人物 —Who's he?他是谁? —He's my teacher.他是我的老师。 whose 表示所属关系,后接名词,意为“谁的” —Whose volleyball is this?这是谁的排球? —It's Mike's.是迈克的。 when 询问时间,意为“什么时候” —When is the party?聚会在什么时候? —On Saturday evening.在星期六晚上。 where 询问地点或位置 —Where is my schoolbag?我的书包在哪里? —It's on the chair.在椅子上。 疑问词(组) 用法 例句 why 询问原因 —Why does Bob like history?为什么鲍勃喜欢历史? —Because it's interesting.因为它很有趣。 which 询问特定范围内的人或物 —Which one is Lisa?哪一个是丽莎? —The girl with long black hair.留着黑色长头发的女孩。 选择疑问句 句型 例句 一般疑问句+or+选择项? —Is your friend a boy or a girl?你的朋友是男孩还是女孩? —He is a boy.他是个男孩。 特殊疑问句,选择项A+or+选择项B? —Which color do you like better, red or blue?你更喜欢哪一种颜色,红色还是蓝色? —Blue./Neither. I like orange best.蓝色。/都不喜欢。我最喜欢橙色。 填写合适的疑问词(组)补全句子 8.(2024 成都改编)—_ do you visit your grandparents? —Usually twice a month. 9.(2024 福建改编)—_ is the biggest blue whale? —As I know, it weighs about 181,000 kilos. 10.(2024 达州改编)—_ will you have a sports meeting in your school? —In a month. How often How heavy How soon 11.(2023 北京改编)—_ do you like better, swimming or skating? —Swimming. 12.(2023 武威改编)—_ do you learn these new words? —By using them in different ways. 13.(2023 连云港改编)—_ have you been a member of the Youth League? —For three years. 14.—_ is it from the bus stop to the zoo? —Twenty minutes' walk. Which How How long How far When 15.—_ is the art show? —It's on Friday. 16.—_ you have a dictionary, David? —Yes, it's on my desk. 17.(2023 湘西)Do you walk to school or ride a bike?(英译汉) _ Do 你是步行去上学还是骑自行车? 考点3 感叹句 类别 句型 例句 What引导 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! What a nice present (it is)! 多么好的礼物啊! What an exciting competition,isn't it?多么激动人心的比赛,不是吗? What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)! What beautiful flowers (they are)! 多么漂亮的花啊! What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)! What nice music (it is)! 多么美妙的音乐啊! 类别 句型 例句 How引导 How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! How fast the boy runs! 这个男孩跑得真快! How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! How honest a boy (he is)!(他是个)多么诚实的男孩啊! How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 时光飞逝! What和How引导的感叹句,一般情况下可以相互转换,转换后意义不变。 What an interesting story it is!=How interesting the story is! 多么有趣的故事啊! 用what或how填空(注意大小写) 18.(2024 云南改编)_ a meaningful day! We volunteered to clean up our city park. 19.(2024 南京改编)_ creative Ricky is! He always comes up with new ideas. 20.(2023 益阳改编)_ beautiful Yiyang City is becoming! I'm sure the city will be better and better. 21.(2023 绥化改编)—Our school volleyball team won first prize last Friday. —Wow, _ great news! 22.(2022 常德)_ a difference a day makes! My family decided to stay at the hotel. What How How what What 考点4 祈使句 类别 句型 例句 肯定形式 (Please+)动词原形(+其他成 分). Keep off the grass.勿践踏草坪。 Please have a seat here.请坐。 Be+表语(名词/形容词)(+其他成分). Be careful.小心。 Be a good kid.做一个好孩子。 Let+宾语+动词原形(+其他成分). Let's dance.我们来跳舞吧。 Let me help you.我来帮你吧。 否定形式 Don't+动词原形(+其他成分). Don't forget me.不要忘记我。 No+名词/动名词. No photos.禁止拍照。 No smoking.禁止吸烟。 23.(2024 广安改编)_(not) be shy when you speak English in public. 24.(2024 眉山改编)—_(look) at the CDs here. I prefer folk music to pop music. —So do I. 25.(2024 连云港改编)Don't _(burn) the candle at both ends, otherwise, you'll be tired out. 26.(2023 武威)Let me _(tell) you about my favorite book. Don't Look burn tell 遵循这些建议,你就可以安全地享受你的夏天。 27.(2023 扬州改编)Follow these tips, and you can enjoy your summer safely. (英译汉) _ 28.(2023 无锡改编)Be quiet for a moment, boys.(英译汉) _ 请安静一会儿,男孩们。 考点5 There be句型 There be句型中,there没有实际意义,句中的be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,be要与离它最近的那个名词的数一致,即遵循“就近一致”原则。 1.There be句型的变化 类别 句型 例句 肯定句 There be+主语(+地点状语). There is a bird in the tree.树上有一只鸟。 类别 句型 例句 否定句 There be+not/no+主语(+地点状 语). [not是副词,no为形容词,“not a/an/any+名词”相当于“no+名词”] There aren't any pictures on the wall.= There are no pictures on the wall.墙上没有照片。 一般疑问句 Be+there+主语(+地点状语)? Is there any water on Mars?火星上有水吗? 注意:当肯定句中有some时,在否定句和一般疑问句中要将其改为any 2.There be句型的时态变化 时态的变化体现在be上,且可与各种助动词或情态动词连用。 时态 句型 例句 一般现在时 There is/are… There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。 一般将来时 ①There will be… ②There is/are going to be… There will/are going to be more difficulties waiting for us.会有更多的困难等着我们。 时态 句型 例句 一般过去时 There used to be/was/were… There was a sports meeting yesterday. 昨天有一场运动会。 There used to be several houses behind the two buildings.这两栋建筑物后面过去有几幢房子。 现在完成时 There have/has been… Scientists think that there has been life on the earth for hundreds of millions of years.科学家们认为地球上已有生命存在数亿年了。 含情态动词 There+情态动词(must/can/may…)+be… There must be some cute animals in the zoo.动物园里一定有一些可爱的动物。 There be句型与have的区别 (1)There be句型表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物或某人”,它表示所有、拥有关系。 There are two young men in the office.办公室里有两个年轻人。 He has two sons.他有两个儿子。 (2)当have表示“包括,存在”的含义时,There be句型可与其互换。 A week has seven days.=There are seven days in a week.一个星期有7天。 29.(2024 苏州改编)There _(be) hunger in many parts of the world, even in rich countries. 30.(2023 常德)—What's your prediction about the future? —I think there _(be) less pollution. 31.(2023 无锡)There _(be) at least six underground lines in Wuxi in five years' time. 32.(2022 湘西改编)There _(be) only one earth but billions of(数十亿) people in the world, so we should protect the earth. 33.There _(be) two boys and a girl under the tree. is will be will be is are 34.There may _(be) a concert this month. 35.(2023 湘西)There is a very big river between their school and the village. (英译汉) _ 36.(2022 岳阳)Chinese get a strong feeling, there is “no place like home.”(英译汉) _ be 他们的学校和村庄之间有一条非常大的河流。 中国人有一种强烈的感觉,“没有一个地方比家好”。 一、短文填空 (2024 长沙模拟改编)Who was Lu Xun? This is not a hard question for most Chinese people. All of us have read his works in textbooks: From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Study(《从百草园到三味书屋》) to My Old Home(《故乡》). We know the characters(人物), such as Runtu and Kong Yiji, from a young age. Lu Xun's real name is Zhou Shuren. He was born 1._ Sept. 25, 1881. This year is the 143th anniversary(周年纪念日) of his birth. People still remember and talk about this great 2._(write). on writer Lu Xun once dreamed of being a doctor, 3._ he found that there were many problems in Chinese society in 4._ early 20th century. So he decided 5._(pick) up a pen to start writing. He 6._(hope) his words could inspire(激励) people. Lu Xun is called the “father of modern Chinese literature(文学)”. In 1918, he wrote A Madman's Diary(《狂人日记》). It is the first modern work(当代作品) to be written 7._(total) in the vernacular(白话文). but the to pick hoped totally “Reading one story by him is 8._(useful) than reading many by others. His words are so different that we can learn a lot,” a reader said. Lu Xun's words are popular. People often use his words in 9._(story), videos, emojis(表情包) and on things like pens and notebooks. Lu Xun is also the most talked-about writer on a popular video website. By April 16, there were more than 13,600 videos about 10._(he). About 170 million viewers(观众) watched these videos, according to the site. more useful stories him 二、阅读表达 (2024 烟台改编)Last December, when An Lingfei, a doctor from an Inner Mongolia medical team arrived in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda(卢旺达), he set up a center in the Masaka District Hospital. Since then, the China-Rwanda Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) Treatment Center has increased in popularity. According to An, the center now receives an average of more than 30 people daily, with most of them suffering from lower back pain or knee and ankle joint (踝关节) pain. Rwanda is known as the land of a thousand hills. Locals often have to walk on mountain roads all year round, which can lead to joint stress. “TCM has great advantages in treating these diseases, and the effects are very good,” An said.“The center now provides most kinds of TCM treatments, allowing local people to experience Eastern medicine.” Naomin, a 60-year-old patient, is amazed by TCM. She was unable to walk due to serious pain in both knees and ankles. But after a month of treatment at the center, she is now able to walk around with a walking stick. “The treatment has been a huge help,” she said. Another patient, Mukagatare, said that his back pain disappeared after three TCM treatments. According to him, doctors at the local hospitals had been unable to make a clear diagnosis(诊断) after many examinations, let alone reduce the pain. Besides treating patients, the center also educates locals about TCM and Chinese culture. Up to now, TCM has spread to nearly 200 countries and areas, with its worldwide influence continuously growing. “From treating a common cold to chronic(慢性的) and difficult diseases, TCM can all play an important role,” a Chinese expert said. 1.Where did An Lingfei set up the TCM Treatment Center? _ 2.Why do many locals in Rwanda suffer from joint pain? _ In the Masaka District Hospital./In Kigali(, the capital city of Rwanda). Because they often have to walk on mountain roads all year round. 3.What improvement did Naomin achieve after a month of TCM treatment? _ 4.[开放性试题]Do you think TCM will be more and more popular? Why or why not? _ 5.将短文中画线句子翻译成中文。 _ She is now able to walk around with a walking stick. 除了治疗病人,该中心还教当地人中医和中国文化。 Yes, I think so. Because TCM can do better in treating some illnesses.(答案不唯一,合理即可) $$