2025年中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：专题九连词与复合句

专题九　连词与复合句 知识必备　连词及复合句的总体感知　 类别 作用 例句 并列连词 连接并列的单词、短语、分句、从句或句子 Salt is common, but it is very important. 盐很常见，但它非常重要。 从属连词 大部分从属连词用于引导状语从句，但that，if和whether(是否)可用于引导宾语从句 I didn't go to bed until she came back.直到她回来，我才上床睡觉。 He wants to know if you like speaking English.他想知道你是否喜欢说英语。 类别 作用 例句 宾语从句 在复合句中充当宾语 I wonder what you will do.我想知道你会怎么做。 状语从句 在复合句中用作状语 He didn't catch the first bus because he got up too late.他没赶上第一班公交车，因为他起得太晚了。 定语从句 在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中的某一名词、代词或整个句子 I will never forget the day when we first met.我永远不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。 (2023·岳阳改编)Volunteering means 1.______ someone works to help people without being paid. Volunteers help people 2.__________ really need help. There are many places 3._______ you can see different volunteers. At school gates, you can see some volunteers with red vests(马甲). Can you guess who they are? They are parent volunteers. 4.______ students go across the street, parent volunteers put up a “SLOW” sign to let drivers slow down. In order 5.____ become professional traffic volunteers, parents are supposed to learn how to give directions to students 6._____ stop them from playing soccer on the roads. Because of these volunteers, students can get to school and go that who/that where When to and back home safely. Yueyang Daily reports many parents are looking forward to being a volunteer. They wish to make an effort to protect students' safety. Another group of “red vests” show up on main roads. They not only help cleaners pick up wastes, like dirty paper, plastic bags and glass bottles, 7._____ also ask the passers-by(路人) not to throw the rubbish everywhere. “Could you please take away your rubbish？” “Would you mind picking up your cigarette butts(烟头)? …” 8._________________ their work seems simple, they still take it seriously. 9.__________(where) you go, you can see volunteers in red vests, they have become the most beautiful scenes in our city. but Although/Though Wherever Some teenagers spend their free time in hospitals 10._____ in old people's homes. They cheer sick kids up or look after old people. In the countryside, some college students play an important role in volunteering. They can provide science and technology help for farmers. Some volunteers work as teachers in village schools. A lot of volunteers give their kindness with a helping hand. They can make a difference to people in need and the society. or 考点1 并列连词与从属连词 ►并列连词 并列连词是指用来连接并列的单词、短语、分句、从句或句子的连词，可表示并列、顺承、转折、选择、因果等逻辑关系。常见并列连词(词组)用法如下： 关系 词(组) 用法 例句 并列 关系   and和；而 连接并列成分或句子，表示并列、顺承、递进关系 He is laughing and talking. 他一边笑一边说话。 both…and… ……和……都 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 Both you and she are right.你和她都是对的。 关系 词(组) 用法 例句 并列 关系   not only…but also…不但……而且…… 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致 Not only you but also everyone here likes watching football matches.不仅你，这里的每个人都喜欢看足球比赛。 neither…nor… 既不……也不…… Neither the twins nor Li Lei has been to Shanghai.这对双胞胎和李雷都没有去过上海。 关系 词(组) 用法 例句 并列 关系 as well as也；和 连接两个并列主语时(强调前者)，谓语动词与as well as前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致 Jim as well as I is interested in the project.吉姆和我都对这个项目感兴趣。 转折 关系 but但是 不和though或although同时使用 He is poor，but honest.他很穷，但很诚实。 while然而 强调对比 I like purple while he likes black.我喜欢紫色，而他喜欢黑色。 关系 词(组) 用法 例句 选择 关系 or或者；否则 ①作“或者”讲表示选择 ②作“否则”讲表示条件 Would you like tea or coffee？你要茶还是咖啡？ Get up early, or you'll be late.早点儿起床，否则你会迟到的。 either…or… 要么……要么…… 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致 Either he or I am right.要么他是对的，要么我是对的。 关系 词(组) 用法 例句 因果 关系 so因此；所以 表示结果，不和because连用 He was ill，so he couldn't go to school yesterday.他病了，所以昨天他不能去上学。 for因为 用于补充说明理由，不放在句首 The days are long, for it is May now. 白天时间长，因为现在是五月份。 and和or用于否定句中 (1)当列举的成分是主语，又在否定词前时，用and连接；当列举的成分在否定词之后时，用or构成完全否定。 ·Lucy and Lily can't speak Chinese.露西和莉莉都不会说汉语。 ·I can't sing or dance.我既不会唱歌，也不会跳舞。 (2)在否定句中，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词，那么用and而不用or连接。 ·She didn't speak to anyone and nobody spoke to her.她不跟别人说话，也没人跟她说话。 ►从属连词 从属连词主要用在状语从句和宾语从句(that，if，whether)中，常见从属连词的用法见宾语从句(P159～160)和状语从句(P161～162)的讲解。 填写合适的单词补全句子 1．(2024·成都改编)Go bird-watching in Qinglong Lake, _____ you will find it fun and meaningful. 2．(2024·福建改编)David is really tired after the 1,000-meter race, ____ he has to take a rest. 3．(2023·龙东地区改编)Have a try, ____ you will never know what you can achieve. 4．(2022·湘西改编)The smartphone is a good tool for communication, _____ using it too much is bad for our growth(成长)． and so or but 5．My father often tells me, “Be proud of what you do whether you are a manager ____ a cleaner.” 6．Many tourists visit Hainan around the Spring Festival, because it's neither too cold _____ too hot. 7．(2024·广西改编)Rock music makes you excited while classical music makes you relaxed.(英译汉) ________________________________________________________ 8．[写作可用]阅读不仅增长了我的知识，也让我更有自信。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ or 摇滚乐让你兴奋，而古典音乐让你放松。 Reading not only increases my knowledge, but also makes me more confident. nor 现在孩子们玩网络游戏少了，但是阅读更多了。 9．(2022·邵阳)Now the children are spending less time on online games but more time in reading.(英译汉) _____________________________________________ 10．Either you or I am going to attend the meeting.(英译汉) ___________________________________ 要么你要么我将去参加这个会议。 考点2 宾语从句 宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句，常常位于及物动词或介词之后，作宾语。其结构是：主语＋谓语＋宾语从句(引导词＋从句)。针对宾语从句，同学们需掌握宾语从句的三要素：引导词、语序和时态。 1．宾语从句的引导词 引导词 用法 例句 that 在从句中无意义，不充当句子成分，在口语中常可省略 I know (that) you will come. 我知道你会来的。 if/whether 意为“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略 I wonder if/whether they'll have the races again next year.我想知道他们明年是否会再次参加比赛。 引导词 用法 例句 连接代词(what， which，who， whom，whose) 在从句中作一定的成分，如主语、宾语、定语等，不可省略 Do you know whose coat it is？你知道这是谁的外套吗？ 连接副词(where， when，why，how) 在从句中作状语，不可省略 Jane hasn't decided where to go for holiday.简还没有决定去哪里度假。 【注意】当宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来时，引导词用if或whether。如果从句中有or not或从句作介词的宾语，只能用whether。 ·I don't know whether he will come or not.我不知道他是否会来。 ·It's said that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.据说，人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断鸡是快乐还是悲伤。 2．宾语从句的语序 宾语从句除引导词外都用陈述句语序，即：主语＋谓语＋其他。 ·Do you know where John is？你知道约翰在哪里吗？ 3．宾语从句的时态 规则 例句 主句是一般现在时，从句可根据实际情况选用时态，不受主句限制 I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。 主句是一般过去时，从句也应用过去的某种时态(一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时) He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。 从句表示的是客观事实、真理、名人名言等时，其时态不受主句时态的影响，仍用一般现在时 He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音的传播速度要快得多。 口诀助记：主现从不限，主过从必过，真理终用现 4.宾语从句的特殊情况 (1)在宾语从句中，若主句的主语是第一人称且为一般现在时，主句的谓语动词是think，believe，suppose等时，从句的否定词要转移到主句。 ·I don't think eating too much is good for your health.我认为吃得太多对你的健康没有好处。 (2)宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等词时，从句可简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。 ·She doesn't know what she should do next.＝She doesn't know what to do next.她不知道下一步该做什么。 填写合适的单词补全句子 11．(2024·广安改编)Judy suddenly realized ______ all her friends were helping her, and she was moved. 12．(2024·广安改编)Diana isn't sure _________ Betty will come or not. 13．(2024·河北改编)To know ______ the mountain top looks like, you need to reach it. 14．(2024·云南改编)—Can you tell me _____ you celebrate World Book Day? —Sure. I usually give some books to a village library. that whether what how 15．(2024·乐山改编)—I just went back from Guangzhou. Can you guess _____ I got there? —I suppose you took the high-speed train(高铁)． 16．(2024·扬州改编)Teenagers don't always understand _____ their parents have so many rules. 17．(2023·邵阳改编)—I've found a new pen, but I don't know _______ it is. —It must be Lucy's. She is looking for her pen. 18．(2022·常德)—Excuse me，could you please tell me _______ the band begins playing this afternoon? —At three o'clock. how why whose when 19．(2022·岳阳改编)They wonder if robots ____________(think) like a human in 25 to 50 years. 20．(2024·福建改编)You can feel better if you take a walk in the park just for 20 minutes.(英译汉) __________________________________________________ 21．(2023·邵阳)She says she will train hard to make her dream come true.(英译汉) ___________________________________________ 22．I will keep on working hard whether I succeed or not.(英译汉) _______________________________________ will think 如果你在公园里散步20分钟，你会感觉更好。 她说她将努力训练，使她的梦想成真。 不管我成功与否，我都会继续努力。 考点3 状语从句 1．状语从句的类型 类型 连接词 例句 时间状语从句 when, while, as，before，after，since (自从)，till, not…until，as soon as, whenever She was cooking when someone knocked at the door.有人敲门时，她正在做饭。 He often went to the concert while he stayed in Berlin.他在柏林逗留期间经常去听音乐会。 类型 连接词 例句 条件状语从句 if(如果)，as long as，unless, once I'll go to see you if I have time.如果我有时间，我会去看你。 原因状语从句 because，since(既然)，as(因为；随着)，for (因为) We should study hard since we are students.我们既然是学生就应该努力学习。 I believed her—for surely she would not lie to me.我相信她的话——因为她肯定不会对我撒谎。 类型 连接词 例句 目的状语从句 so that(因此；以便)，in order that The teacher speaks slowly and carefully so that we can understand her better.老师慢慢地认真讲着，这样我们才能更好地理解她。 结果状语从句 so…that…， such…that… (详见本书P54) It's so hot that we want to go swimming.太热了，我们想去游泳。 让步状语从句 though/although，even if/even though Even if I disagree with you, I sincerely respect you.即使我不同意你的观点，我也由衷地尊重你。 类型 连接词 例句 地点状语从句 where, wherever Home is the warmest place wherever you go.无论你走到哪里，家都是最温暖的地方。 比较状语从句 as…as…， than Many people think eating at home is healthier than eating in the restaurant.许多人认为在家吃饭比在餐厅吃饭更健康。 【注意】同一个句子中不能连用的连词： (1)because(因为)和so(所以)不能出现在同一个句子里，只能用其一。 ·We didn't enjoy the day because the weather was so awful.那天我们很不尽兴，因为天气实在太糟了。 ·I felt hungry，so I made myself a sandwich.我感到饿了，所以就给自己做了个三明治。 (2)though/although(虽然)和but(但是)不能出现在同一个句子里，只能用其一。但though可以与still或yet连用。 ·They rushed to the hospital，but they were too late.他们急忙赶到医院，但是已经太迟了。 ·Though she's almost 50，she still plans to compete.尽管她已经快50岁了，她仍然打算参加竞争。 2．主句与从句的时态问题 时态 用法 例句 主将从现 在when，as，while，after，before，until/till，as soon as，whenever等引导的时间状语从句中和if，unless，as long as，once等引导的条件状语从句中，主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来 I'll call you as soon as I get to Shanghai.我一到上海就给你打电话。 Unless something unexpected happens, I'll see you tomorrow.如果不出意外，我明天去看你。 时态 用法 例句 主祈/情从现 若主句是祈使句或主句中含情态动词时，从句用一般现在时表将来 The cars must stop when the lights are red.当红灯亮时，车辆必须停下来。 主完从过 在since引导的时间状语从句中，主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时 I have taught English since I came here.自从我到这里以来，我一直教英语。 填写合适的单词补全句子或对话 23．(2024·连云港改编)Our school life is more interesting now _________ we can enjoy ourselves in different clubs. 24．(2024·安徽改编)—Your grandpa climbed the hill so quickly_______ I couldn't keep up with him. —He takes exercise every day. 25．(2024·扬州改编)____ you are too tired to do all the things on your To-Do list, try a To-Don't list. 26．(2024·泸州改编)You will never truly understand your parents' great love _______ you grow up. because that If until 27．(2024·安徽改编)—There is still a long way to go ________ we finish the task. —Don't worry. Let's go on with it together. 28．(2023·益阳改编)—Please give the Chinese book to Linda. —OK. As soon ____ I see her, I will give it to her. 29．(2023·岳阳改编)You won't pass the P．E. exam successfully _______ you exercise every day. 30．(2023·河北改编)Lisa was busy taking notes __________ Mark was giving a talk. 31．(2023·龙东地区改编)I will never forget that car accident even ___________ it happened so long ago. before as unless while/when though/if 32．(2024·河北改编)Jeff still works hard though he has achieved great success. (英译汉) __________________________________________________ 33．(2024·陕西改编)We need to understand ourselves better so that we can make wiser decisions.(英译汉) __________________________________________________ 34．Where there is a will, there is a way.(英译汉) ____________________ 35．Most of us like tangyuan because they remind people of many soft and sweet memories.(英译汉) ________________________________________________________________ Jeff(杰夫)虽然取得了巨大的成功，但他仍然努力工作。 我们需要更好地了解自己，以便做出更明智的决定。 有志者，事竟成。 我们大多数人喜欢吃汤圆，因为它们能让人想起许多温柔而甜蜜的回忆。 考点4 定语从句 定语从句是指在句中作定语，用来修饰名词、名词性词组或代词的句子。被定语从句修饰的名词、名词性词组或代词叫作先行词，在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。 1．关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 在从句中所作成分 先行词 例句 that 主语、宾语、表语 人或物 This is the book (that/which) I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的那本书。 who 主语、宾语、表语 人 The man who is working there is my brother.在那里工作的那个人是我的弟弟。 关系代词 在从句中所作成分 先行词 例句 whom 宾语 人 The person to whom you just talked is Mr.Li.刚才和你谈话的人是李先生。 which 主语、宾语、表语 物 I like music (which) I can sing along with. 我喜欢我能跟着一起唱的音乐。 whose 定语 人或物 The room whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。 关系代词只能用that的情况： 当先行词是不定代词，如all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等时 There is nothing that can stop him. 没有什么能阻止他。 当先行词被形容词的最高级形式、序数词或the very, the only, the last等修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。 先行词里同时含有人和物时 They are talking about the designers and their works that interest them.他们谈论的是他们感兴趣的设计师和他们的作品。 主句是以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，关系代词只能用 that Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？ 2.关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 在从句中所作的成分 先行词 例句 when 时间状语 时间 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我还记得你去北京的那天。 where 地点状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works.这是我妈妈工作的学校。 why 原因状语 表原因，先行词只有reason Jack didn't say the reason why he was late.杰克没有说他迟到的原因。 填写合适的单词补全句子或对话 36．(2024·泸州改编)A true friend is a person __________ will always be there to share your laughter and tears. 37．(2023·郴州改编)Tea is the leaf of a plant ____________ grows widely in China, Japan and other countries. 38．(2023·眉山)Chinese has plenty of old sayings ____________ are used to warn people not to be lazy during this period of time. 39．(韶华原创)Wang Xizhi was a great calligrapher _______ masterpiece(代表作) lantingjixu was quite popular. who/that that/which that/which whose 40．—How exciting the speech is! —Pretty good! This is the best speech ______ I've ever heard. 41．(2023·株洲改编)Here are some suggestions which can help you get rid of the bad habit.(英译汉) ________________________________________________ 42．(2022·岳阳改编)The person who eats dumplings with coins is a lucky person.(英译汉) ___________________________________________ 43．(2022·永州)But one thing that will never change is the sense of community among team members.(英译汉) ________________________________________________ that 这儿有一些建议来帮助你(们)改掉这个坏习惯。 吃到有硬币的饺子的人是一个幸运儿。 但是永远不会改变的一点就是队员们的团队精神。 一、短文填空 (2024·长沙模拟)Teachers are often considered as engineers of the humans. But there's one person in China 1.__________ is called the “teacher of teachers”． Born in Anhui Province, China, in 1891, Tao Xingzhi studied educational philosophy(哲学) under the guidance of John Dewey, 2.____ American philosopher and educator at Columbia University, US, in 1914. But when Tao returned to China in 1917 and began his own career as an educator, he did not copy Dewey's education methods 3._________(blind). He adapted(调整) them to improve China's education system. who/that an blindly After doing surveys in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai in 1921, Tao was 4.___________(surprise) to learn that the rate of illiteracy(文盲) in China went beyond 70 percent. 5.__________(solve) the problem, Tao organized young workers and farmers to study while working. To deal 6.______ the shortage of teachers and money, in 1927, Tao set up Xiaozhuang Normal College to train teachers and educators, most of whom became teachers at schools in the countryside. In January 1934, he started the “Little Teacher” program in which young students 7.________________(encourage) to serve as teachers to others, even to those older than themselves. surprised To solve with were encouraged Under Tao's guidance, there were over 18,000 “little teachers” in Shanghai within 10 months. Later, there were 28 provinces and cities 8.________(take) part in this nationwide education event. Even in the fight against the Japanese invaders(侵略者), Tao never forgot 9._____(he) goal. He started Yucai Middle School in Chongqing and offered free education to 10.__________(child) in need. Maybe Tao's saying is the best explanation for his life, “Giving a whole heart, yet taking nothing in return, not even a leaf of grass.” taking his children 二、阅读表达 (2024·长沙模拟改编)Last week, a colleague(同事) of mine told me she had just spent two hours explaining to her students how to use the word “as”. I asked her if she thought, after all of her great effort, her students would be able to use the word correctly in everyday conversations. Her answer, interestingly, was “Probably not.” I began to wonder whether it was worth it to spend so much time teaching grammar rules to students. Indeed, grammar is important. It controls how words are put together in order to form sentences. For years, many teachers have been tirelessly explaining grammar rules to their students before giving them plenty of exercises to do. In recent years, however, more and more studies have found that, for most language learners, studying grammar rules is not that important. Some researchers even consider it to be a waste of time. This has left some young teachers to wonder: Should I teach grammar to my students? In my opinion, students should be taught grammar. However, I think grammar shouldn't be considered as a separate “skill” or “course”． For the past two years, I have created situations in which my students feel a need to use good grammar in order to communicate properly in English. I leave them to discover the grammar rules on their own. Meanwhile, I encourage them to use English as much as possible outside the classroom. I believe that, to become good at English, the most important thing is to spend time practising speaking it. I won't ever spend two hours explaining a grammar rule. It will only make my students fall asleep rather than improve their English. 1．How long did the writer's colleague spend explaining how to use the word “as”？ __________________________ 2．Why does the writer think grammar is important? ______________________________________________________________ Two hours. Because it controls how words are put together in order to form sentences.　 3．What do some researchers think of grammar learning? ___________________________________ 4．[开放性试题]What teaching methods used by the writer do you think are helpful? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．将短文中画线句子翻译成中文。 ____________________________________________________________ 答案 They think it is a waste of time. I think creating situations for students to communicate properly in English is helpful.(答案不唯一，合理即可)　 然而，我认为语法不应该被视为一项单独的“技能”或“课程”。 $$