2024年中考英语答题技巧课件

GRADUATE 重难题型解题技巧 1 完形填空 7选5句子还原型 短文填空 写作 目录 CONTENTS 2 完形填空 01 3 完形填空：以动词，名词，形容词，副词，连词，代词，动词短语，介词以及宾语从句引导词辨析为主，偶尔也会考察介词短语和特殊疑问词辨析。 01 语境推断 词汇复现 逻辑推理 固定搭配 生活常识 语法知识 4 语境推断 ① 语境推断是指根据上下文的语境提示或暗示，身临其境地理解所处的语境，体验语境和作者的情感态度，推断出符合场景的最佳选项。所谓语境，就是指文章的上下文，它包含文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表达的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。 5 词汇复现 ② 词汇复现指某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、同畴词、反义词等形式重复出现在语篇中。在解题时，可借助所在设空的上文或者下文语境中的复现词汇解题。 6 逻辑推理 ③ 逻辑推理指通过分析所在设空的前、后句或者上、下文语境的逻辑关系解答试题。常见的表示逻辑关系的词有： (1)表示递进关系：even, besides, what's more等； (2)表示时间顺序：before, after, when, while, until, later等； (3)表示因果或目的：for，since，because,therefore, so that, in order to等； (4)表示转折或对比：but，yet, however, while, though, although, even though/if等； (5)表示并列或平行：and, or, not only...but also..., neither... nor..., either...or...等。 7 固定搭配 ④ 固定搭配需要结合句意并利用常用句型及习惯表 达来直接选择答案。平时应积累动词短语、介词短语、固定句型等固定搭配。 8 生活常识 ⑤ 生活常识指考生在联系语境的基础上，结合生活常识解答题目。生活常识涉及：生活百科、人文风俗、中西方文化等。解答此类试题，考生需要在日常生活中广泛阅读和积极参与生活实践，以便开拓视野，积累生活经验。 9 语法知识 ⑥ 语法知识指的是借助所学的英语语法知识，选择出正确的答案。在做此类试题时，不需要过多地研读上下文，只需要紧紧抓住挖空处所在的句子，联系自己所学语法知识来做题即可。 10 7选5句子还原型 02 11 7选5句子还原型题型的设空特点通常为：段首、段中、段尾、单独成段。 1.在段首/段尾设空，一般考查以下两方面：1段首/段尾主题句。空格在段首，通常是段落主题句或段落小标题；空格在段尾，一般是对上文或全文的总结概括；2段首/段尾过渡句/细节句。过渡句：在段首/段尾的句子有时承上启下，应注意瞻前顾后，段尾句有时是为了引出下一段内容；细节句：段尾句作为细节句时，常是对空前内容的补充，或者与空前内容是并列、递进、转折或因果关系。 2.在段中位置设空，一般是段落的细节句或过渡句。 3.单独成段一般是总结段或过渡段。 因此做题时，一定要注意空前后的关键词和过渡词，而不要因只关注题空选项，而忽略了所选选项内容是否与空前后句内容一致。 12 Pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today. In many places, rubbish is thrown into lakes and rivers. 1 . In some cities, the air is filled with pollution. 2 If it is not cleaned up, more people will be hurt. If the air pollution is not cleaned up, more people will be hurt. 3 Land and water pollution kills many animals every year. If we do not act to improve the environment, more living things will be killed by pollution. 4 . We should separate rubbish into different groups. In this way, it can be recycled and reused. We had better plant more trees. 5 What’s more, we shouldn’t put the waste into lake or rivers. 阅读空前的句子可知此处是介绍垃圾被扔得到处都是的现象。后面 的内容是这个现象造成的结果；前后之间形成因果关系。结合备选项可 知E选项“因此，这些地方已经被污染了。”符合语境。 空前指出如果不处理空气污染，更多的人将会受到伤害；空后提到土 地污染和水污染对动物造成的伤害。可推断此处说的是污染对人类和动 物造成的伤害。结合备选项可知B选项符合语境。故选B。 阅读空前的句子可知此处是介绍我们应该种更多的树。后面的内容应是进一步说明种更多树的好处，前后之间形成递进关系。结合备选项可知F选项符合语境。故选F。 空后说的是垃圾分类后可以回收再利用。我们最好种更多的树。可推断此处与人们保护环境采取的行动有关，结合备选项可知D选项符合语境。故选D。 通读空格前后的句子。注意空后有“it”指的是空前的pollution。分析 备选项，A选项是This开头，需要明确 This所指代的具体内容。结合前文可知This指的是“air pollution”。故选A。 A. This makes some old people and children ill. B. As well as people, animals are also harmed by pollution. C. We can make our lakes and rivers cleaner and cleaner. D. It's time for all of us to take action right away! E. Because of this, these places have already been polluted. F. Trees reduce dust and help keep the air clean. G. A few of us should take action to protect the environment. 方法1：结合与前文/后文关系推断 【答题步骤】 Step1：理清文章结构、内容和事件的发展时间及过程； Step 2：根据文章结构或事情发展顺序，找出设空处与前后文之间的关系(常见的有承上启下、总结、解释)； Step3：根据前后文关系，联系语境与备选项，仔细对比选出正确答案。 把握上下文语境 技能1 15 方法2：明确人称代词和指示代词等所指代的具体内容 【答题步骤】 Step1：注意空前空后句中出现的代词，并确定其意义； Step 2：弄清代词指代的是单数名词还是复数名词； Step3：结合指代的意义和单复数解题。 16 方法 1 转折关系 ：表示转折关系常见的词有：however, but, otherwise, yet等。 理清逻辑关系 技能2 方法 2 并列/递进关系 表示并列/递进关系常见的词有：first, second, firstly, secondly, next, then, not only...but also., also,besides, eren, in addition, what's more等。 方法 3 举例/推理关系 表示举例/推理关系常见的词有：in other words, that is to say, it means..., in fact, such as, for example等。针对此类试题，应在原文和备选项中找出句与句之间的解释关系。 17 方法 4 因果关系 表示因果关系常见的词有：so, therefore, as a result等。 【答题步骤】 Step1：通读空格前后的句子，结合提示词判断空处与前后句之间的逻辑关系，如转折关系、并列关系、举例/推理关系或因果关系； Step 2：对比分析选项，结合空格前后的具体内容，找出可能合适的答案； Step3：结合全文验证答案。 18 搜索关键词 技能3 核心词复现法： 5种复现形式 同词复现、同义词复现、反义词复现、派生词复现、同畴词复现 着重阅读空前空后两句，锁定关键词，在备选项中查找相关关键词 正确选项中的关键词一般重复前一句中的关键词，且与下一句中的关键词呼应 19 ①同词复现 同词(组)复现指某一词在设空处前后和备选项中重复出现。可根据这一重复出现的词(组)，结合原文与备选项确定正确答案。 ②派生词复现 派生词复现是设空处前后句中某一词和备选项中某一词的关系为派生关系，如：prepare与preparation; introduce 与introduction等。 ③同畴词复现 同畴词复现指设空处前后句某一词和备选项中某一词为同一范围的词，如watch与clock；jacket与coat等。 20 ④近义词复现 近义词复现是指设空处前后句中某一词与备选项中某一词为近义词关系，如，glad与happy；start与begin等。 ⑤反义词复现 反义词复现是指设空处前后句中某一词与备选项中某一词为反义词关系，如：small与big；ask与answer等。 21 【答题步骤】 Step1：通读空格前后的句子或空格所处的位置，注意特殊句式； Step2：对比分析选项，初选答案，一般选取特殊句式； Step3：结合全文验证答案。 相似结构找线索 技能4 22 短文填空 03 23 考查点 考查方式及考情 动词 动词变不定式；一般现在时；一般过去时；一般过去时被动语态；动词变名词 名词 名词变复数；名词变名词；名词变形容词 形容词 形容词原形变比较级 数词 基数词变序数词 考查方式还包括：动词变形容词、现在进行时、现在完成时、动名词；代词主格变宾格；形容词变副词。 24 【答题步骤】 Step 1：通读文章，确定设空处的词性并试填。如： ①当所给词是动词时，可以考虑它的时态(如一般现在时、一般过去时)，语态(如一般过去时的被动语态)，非谓语动词(如动词不定式)，词性的变化(如动词变名词)。 ②当所给词为名词时，考虑其单复数(如名词变复数)，词性变化(如名词变形容词)。 ③当所给词为形容词时，考虑比较等级(如形容词原级变比较级)。 ④当所给词为数词时，考虑其序数词(如基数词变序数词)。 Step 2：复读全文，检查答案。 25 作文 04 26 ①审好题，定方向 写作步骤 ②列框架，扩要点 ③巧衔接，成佳作 (2021淮安)假如你是李华，你收到了好友Tom的一封来信。他在信中向你倾诉了在新学校没有朋友的烦恼。请你用英语给Tom写一封回信，给他提供一些交友建议，并表达美好祝愿。 定主题； 定立意； 定文体； 定时态； 定人称； 27 Dear Tom, I'm glad to hear from you. You told me that you haven't made a friend in the new school.I hope the following advice can help you. First, I think you may learn to share delicious food and books with your classmates. In this way,you will get to know each other better by sharing some interesting things. Second,it might be a good idea for you to help others. You lend them a hand whenever they need help. You can ask for help when you're in trouble. Third, you should trust your classmates. Don't speak bad words about others.It's important to keep a secret for friends. I sincerely hope my advice will be of some help for you to make more friends. If there is anything more I can help,please let me know. All the best. Li Hua 28 假设你叫李明，你们学校学生会要选一名副主席，你推荐Tom，并附带了一张照片，请根据表格内容写一封不少于80词的推荐信，信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Unit 1 如何以推荐信的形式写人物介绍类的文章 ① 姓名 Tom 照片描述 黄色T恤衫和蓝色牛仔裤，因为黄色......，蓝色......,（可自由发挥） 特长 精通电脑，擅长演讲 性格、品质 自信，勤奋，谦虚，乐于助人 个人事迹 经常花很多时间组织课外活动，从不介意为班级做额外的工作总是尽最大努力帮助同学，深受同学们的欢迎。 介绍Tom：第三人称单数 体裁：书信（应用文） wears a yellow T-shirt and blue jeans yellow can make him feel warm, blue can bring peace to his mind and body is good at using computer and making speeches confident, hard-working, modest, helpful spends lots of time organizing ... never minds doing... tries his best to help others is very popular with ... Dear Mr. Wang, I'm writing to recommend Tom as the new vice-chairperson of the students' union. Here is a photo of Tom. He is wearing a yellow T-shirt and blue jeans because he thinks yellow can make him feel warm and blue can bring peace to his mind and body. It is said that colours may show people's personalities. Tom is confident. He is good at making speeches and does well in computers. He is also hard-working, modest and organized. He often spends lots of time organizing after-school activities. He is very helpful too.He never minds doing extra work for our class. He always tries his best to help other students. He is very popular with us. I think Tom is the most suitable person to be the new vice-chairperson of the students' union. I hope that you agree with me. Yours sincerely, Li Ming Unit 2 如何写描述颜色与情绪之间的关系的文章 ② 假如你是Millie，上星期你们搬家后，你有了属于自己的房间，请你用英语写一篇80~100词的短文，介绍你的房间。短文开头已经给出，但不计入总词数，短文应包含以下要点，可以适当发挥： 1.房间是粉红色的，使人感觉温暖； 2.有一张大而舒适的床和一张书桌； 3.书桌是蓝色的，蓝色......； 4.书桌上有一台电脑,可以在学习之后......； 5.你会打扫房间，并保持房间整洁； 6.你的房间是你学习和放松最好的地方，你非常喜欢它。 人称：第一人称 体裁：说明文 话题：介绍房间 时态：一般现在时 段落 布局 引出话题→Now let me tell you something about my room. 介绍房间 表达感情→I like my room. It’s a good place to... The colour of my room is...it makes me feel... There is...in it. The desk is... There is...on the desk... After finishing my homework, I can... My room is very clean and tidy. My name is Millie. We moved to a new house last week. I'm very happy because I have my own room. Now let me tell you something about my room. The colour of my room is pink, and it makes me feel warm. I like the colour very much. There is a comfortable big bed and a desk in it. The desk is painted blue. Blue represents calm and peace and it makes me happy and relaxed. There is a computer on the desk. After finishing my homework, I can listen to music in my room. My room is very clean and tidy. I clean it every day. I like my room. It's a good place to study and relax. Unit 3 如何写描述烦恼并给出相应建议的文章。 ③ 假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter因要参加高中入学考试（SSAT）而感到焦虑，来信向你倾诉。请你根据以下提示，用英语写一封邮件，提出建议。 1.考试态度（放松心情，无需焦虑......）； 2.功课准备（用心做功课，学习方法恰当......）； 3.表达祝愿。 要点： 1.根据提示内容，不要逐字翻译； 2.文中不能出现真实的人名和校名； 3.词数90左右。 话题：青少年的烦恼 体裁：书信 时态：一般现在时 人称：第二人称 段落 布局 引出话题→一般直接给出。 提出建议 表达希望→I hope you can... It’s...to be in a good mood. Don’t be worried about... You should study...and choose a right way... You can...to relax yourself. Dear Peter, I have learnt you are worried about the coming SSAT. Here are some suggestions for you. It's very important for you to be in a good mood. Don't be worried. You should believe in yourself and give yourself enough courage to face the exam. Finish your schoolwork carefully and listen to your teachers in class carefully. You can make a plan to help you study well and choose a suitable way to study. When you have difficulty learning your subjects, you can ask your teachers or classmates for help. What's more, listening to some light music or doing some sports is also a good choice to reduce stress. I think you'll be all right if you follow my advice. Hope you can pass the exam. Yours, Li Hua Unit 4 如何写关于影响你成长的人或事物的文章。 ④ 成长是生命的主旋律。在你的生命中，一定出现过一个对你帮助很大、影响很深的人。这个人可能是你的父母，你的老师或你的朋友......请用英语写出你和他的故事以及你的感悟（题目自拟）。 内容包括： 1.Who helped/influenced you a lot? 2.What did he/she do？ 3.How have you changed? 4.... 要求：1.文中不得出现真实姓名与校名。 2.语意连贯，层次清晰，书写规范。 话题：人物事迹 人称：第一人称和第三人称 体裁：记叙文 时态：用一般过去时讲故事。 用一般现在时谈感受。 段落布局： 交代写作对象：...has the person who has influenced me a lot. He/She is ... 描写故事：...years ago, I used to...He/She ... Thanks to his/her help, I... 表达感受：I want to say...to him/her. I’ll never forget him/her. My English teacher The person who helped me a lot is my English teacher. She's very kind and hard-working. She's so helpful that she's ready to help almost every student in my class. Two years ago, I used to be afraid to speak English and found it hard to learn it well. I wanted to give up. But she tried her best to help me with my English patiently. Thanks to her help, I made great progress in my English study. Now I can speak in public and am good at it. She teaches me not only to learn but also to be confident. I want to say thanks to her. I'll remember her forever. 综合。 ⑤ 假设你是Su Hai，请你写一份英文邮件给你的英国笔友Daniel，介绍自己的好朋友并希望他能帮忙解决朋友的烦恼。内容如下： 1.个人信息：王林。喜欢蓝色，因为......； 2.性格特征：有条不紊，他的东西保持井然有序； 3.影响最深的人：他的爸爸，因为......； 4.烦恼：父母不准他待在外面很晚；......； 5.你的建议：......（针对他的烦恼，提出两条关于解决青少年烦恼方面的建议）。 Dear Daniel, I'm writing to introduce my friend. He is Wang Lin. He likes blue, because blue can bring peace to our mind and body. He is organized, so he always keeps his things in a good order. He is helpful too. He often helps us with our lessons. His father influences him most. His father is a chief doctor. He devotes most of his time to working. He also has a heart full of love. However, Wang Lin has many teenage problems. His parents don't allow him to stay out too late and they are too strict in his study. He feels worried now. Could you please give him some advice? I look forward to your valuable advice. Best wishes, Su Hai. GRADUATE Thank you！ 39 $$