2024-2025学年沪教版(2024)年英语七年级上册各单元语法

2024-11-24
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单元 语法 Unit1 特殊疑问句 Unit2 一般现在时 Unit3 形容词 Unit4 名词与there be句型 Unit5 一般将来时 Unit6 条件从句 Unit7 一般过去时 Unit8 代词(人称和物主代词 Unit1 特词 意思 用法 例句 Who 谁 问人身份/姓名 He is Jack. →Who is he? He is my brother. →Who is he? Whom 谁 问人身份/姓名(宾语) I can ask him the question. →Whom (Who) can you ask the question? What 什么 问职业/事物是什么 He is a worker.→What is he?/What does he do? He has a book. →What does he have? which 哪一个 问一定范围特指人/物 The big box is mine.→Which box is yours? The girl at the door is Ann.→Which girl is Ann? whose 谁的 问所属关系 This is her book. →Whose book is this? This book is hers.→Whose book is this one? What color 什么颜色 问颜色 My skirt is red. →What color is your skirt? What time 几点 问时间点 We play games at five in the afternoon.→What time do you play games? What day 星期几 问星期 Today is Tuesday. →What day is it today? when 什么时候 时间 We play games in the afternoon.→When do you play games? where 什么地方/哪里 地点 We play games at home on Sunday. →Where do you play games on Sunday? why 为什么 原因 He isn't at school today because he is ill.→Why isn't he at school today? how 怎么样 方式/健康状况 He is fine/strong. →How is he? I go home by bike.→How do you go home? How old 多大 年龄 He is ten.→How old is he? How many 多少 +名复 问数量 There are thirty boys in my class. →How many boys are there in your class? How much 多少 +不可数名词 问数量 There is some milk in the bottle. →How much milk is there in the bottle? How far 多远 距离 It's five kilometers away from here.→How far is it from here? How soon 多久 时间间隔(将来时间) He can finish it in half an hour.→How soon can he finish it? How long 多长 多久时间(持续) 持续时间长度/物体长度 He has lived here for a year.→How long has he lived here? The desk is one meter long.→How long is the desk ? How often 多久(一次) 频率 I go to see my parents once a month. →How often do you go to see your parents? Unit2 Unit5 Unit7.三大时态一-一现/一过/一将 3.1三大时态定义及动词形态 三大时态 例子 动词形态 一般现在时 He goes to school every day. They go to school every day. 原形/ v.三单(Vs/es) 一般过去时 He went to school yesterday. He asked me a question yesterday. V.过去式(ed/无规则变化) 一般将来时 He will go to school tomorrow. will+动原 3.2各动词形态变化规则 一、动词三单形式 一般情况:在动词原形后直接加“-s”。例如:work-works,play-plays。 以s、z、x、sh、ch结尾的动词:在动词原形后加“-es”。例如:push-pushes,pass-passes,watch-watches,wash-washes。 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词:将y变为i,再加“-es”。例如:study-studies,fly-flies。但需注意,如果动词以元音字母+y结尾,则直接加“-s”,如:play-plays。 以辅音字母+o结尾的动词:多数在动词原形后加“-es”,但也有例外。例如:go-goes,do-does。但需注意,并非所有以o结尾的动词都遵循此规则,因此需特别记忆。 特殊动词:有些动词的三单形式不规则,需要单独记忆。例如:have-has,be-is/am(在主语为单数第三人称时,be动词通常变为is)。 二、动词过去式 一般情况:在动词原形后加“-ed”。例如:work-worked,play-played。 以不发音的e结尾的动词:在动词原形后直接加“-d”。例如:like-liked,move-moved。但需注意,如果动词原形以辅音字母+e结尾,且e发音,则过去式通常不是加“-d”,而是遵循其他规则或进行不规则变化。 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词:将y变为i,再加“-ed”。例如:study-studied,try-tried。 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词:双写这个辅音字母,再加“-ed”。例如:stop-stopped,plan-planned。但需注意,并非所有以重读闭音节结尾的动词都遵循此规则,因此需特别记忆。 特殊动词:有些动词的过去式不规则,需要单独记忆。例如:do-did,go-went,have-had,eat-ate等。 注意:过去式与过去分词不规则动词表需要背:make-made-made(制作) go-went-gone(去) 3.4典例真题范例 1.She often (walk) to school. 2.He (get) up at 6 o’clock every day. 3.At night, He often (watch) TV with her parents. 4.He often (go) for a walk after dinner. 1.He (tell) me his name once, but I can't remember it now. 2. Jessica (study) every night before her Chinese test and finally she got a good result. 3. The Shenzhou-15 taikonauts (return) to Earth safely on June 4th, 2023. 4. When I was in middle school, my teacher (ask) me to enter a writing contest. 1.Hurry up!Or we (be)late. 2.-Let's go camping if it (be)fine next Saturday. But nobody knows if it___(be). 3.There__ ___ (be)a meeting tomorrow afternoon. Please remember to attend i 3.5句式结构(肯定句/否定句/疑问句) 1. I am hungry.(肯定句) (否定句) (疑问句) 2.I can finish my homework.(肯定句) (否定句) (疑问句) 3.He runs fast.(肯定句) (否定句) (疑问句) 4.They run fast.(肯定句) (否定句) (疑问句) 变句式看动词 be 否定句 一般疑问句 情态动词 否定句 一般疑问句 实义动词 否定句 一般疑问句 情态动词:Can、could(可能;能够)/should(应该)/ will、would(将)/may、might(可能)等 注意:1.当肯定句主语是I变疑问句要改为you 2. 助后动原:借助do/does/did后要把后面动词变为原形 典型例题 1. Where you ? ------Australia. A. are;come from B.do;come from C.do;from D.did;from 2. Nancy play tennis ? -----Yes,she loves it. A. Does;well B.Does;good C.Do;well D.good. Unit3形容词 1.观察并总结 1. Bajie is a lazy pig. 2. He always like eating something delicious. 3. He looks happy. 4. He always makes me happy. 定义 修饰名词或者代词的词-----形容词(...的) 用法 定语:形容词+名词/不定代词 形容词 表语:系/be+形容词 宾补:find/make sb/sth +形 2.形容词构词法 2.1. 动词变形法 动词+ed:这种形式通常表示某种感受或状态,例如tired(疲惫的)、bored(无聊的)、excited(兴奋的)等。 动词+ing:这种形式通常描述某种令人产生某种感受的某人、某物或情况等,例如tiring(令人疲惫的)、boring(无聊的)、exciting(令人兴奋的)等。 2.2.名词变形法 名词+y:这种形式通常将名词转化为形容词,描述名词的某种特征或状态,例如dirty(脏的)、juicy(多汁的)、dusty(布满灰尘的)等。 名词+ful:这种形式常用来表示“充满”或“具有”某种性质,例如useful(有用的)、helpful(有帮助的)、hopeful(有希望的)等。 名词+less:这种形式表示“没有”或“缺乏”某种性质,通常构成该名词的反义词,例如useless(无用的)、hopeless(无望的)、helpless(无助的)等。 名词+ly:这种形式通常将名词转化为形容词,表示“像……的”或“具有……特征的”,但并非所有以ly结尾的词都是形容词,也有副词,例如friendly(友好的)、motherly(像母亲的)、lively(充满活力的)等。 名词/动词+able/ible:这种形式表示“能够”或“可以”进行某种动作或具有某种性质,例如comfortable(舒适的)、enjoyable(令人愉快的)、believable(可信的)等。 2.3.其他变形法 名词+al:这种形式通常将名词转化为形容词,表示“……的”或“……性质的”,例如cultural(文化的)、natural(自然的)、traditional(传统的)等。 动词的被动语态引申为形容词:某些动词的被动语态形式可以引申为形容词,表示该动作已经完成或处于某种状态,例如locked(被锁上的)、broken(破碎的)、lost(丢失的)等 形容词·否定前缀归纳:dishonest(不诚实的)impolite(不礼貌的)impossible(不可能的)impatient(不耐烦的)useless(无用的) careless(粗心的)homeless(无家可归的)hopeless(没有希望的) unhappy(不开心的)unhealthy(不健康的)unfair(不公平的)unusual(不同寻常的) 综合训练: 用所给词适当形式填空 1. I don't like to stay in such a (noise) place. 2. This kind of shirt looks_ (good) and sells (good). 3. Lucy is a_ _(beauty) girl. 4. My uncle can speak many _(difference) languages. 5.It's_ (importance) for us to understand the meaning of the passage. 6. Many years ago, people built a (wood) bridge over the river. 7. I think the story he told us yesterday is so _ (amaze). 8. Kate has a (length) ruler in her hand. 9.This (France) woman doesn't know how to get there. 10. He can jump as_ (height) as I can. 11.The_ (love) boy has a sweet smile on his face. 12. Don't be _(care) when you cross the street. 13. It was (luck) for the man to lose his job. 14. Spring is a (colour) season in a year in China. 15. I am afraid of snakes. I think they are (danger). 16.It is (interest) for her to learn Chinese. 用句型be+形容词to do sth造句子 1.学好英语很重要。 2.今天完成工作太困难了 3.吃水果好 4.每天读英语是正确的。 5.踢足球是有趣的。 3. 形容词(副词)级别 3.1形容词(副词)比较级最高级规则变化与不规则变化 形容词和副词的比较级 单音节形容词和部分双音节形容词:一般在词尾加-er构成比较级。例如:small(小的)→ smaller(更小的);fast(快地)→ faster(更快地)。 以e结尾的单音节形容词和部分双音节形容词:加-r构成比较级。例如:nice(好的)→ nicer(更好的)。 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词:双写该辅音字母再加-er构成比较级。例如:big(大的)→ bigger(更大的)。 多音节形容词和部分双音节形容词:在词前加more构成比较级。例如:beautiful(美丽的)→ more beautiful(更美丽的)。 副词的比较级变化规则与形容词类似。 形容词和副词的最高级 单音节形容词和部分双音节形容词:一般在词尾加-est构成最高级。例如:small(小的)→ smallest(最小的);fast(快地)→ fastest(最快地)。 以e结尾的单音节形容词和部分双音节形容词:加-st构成最高级。例如:nice(好的)→ nicest(最好的)。 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词:双写该辅音字母再加-est构成最高级。例如:big(大的)→ biggest(最大的)。 多音节形容词和部分双音节形容词:在词前加most构成最高级。例如:beautiful(美丽的)→ most beautiful(最美丽的)。 形容词的最高级前面通常要加the,而副词的最高级前面通常可以省略the,但也可以根据语境和需要选择是否加the。 3.2形容词(副词)原级句型 1.as+形容词/副词原级+as, 和…一样 Tom is as old as Eric.Tom和Eric一样大。 You should do homework as carefully as possible.你应该尽可能认真地做作业。 否定:not as+形容词/副词原级+as,和…不一样 not so +形容词/副词原级+as,不如,不及 Tom is not as tall as Eric.Tom和Eric不一样高。 Tom is not so tall as Eric.Tom不如Eric高。 下面几点了解即可 2.so+形容词/副词原级+that从句,such+名词+that从句,如此…以至于 He is so lovely that everyone likes him. 他如此可爱以至于每个人都很喜欢他。 He is such a lovely boy that everyone likes him. 他是个如此可爱的男孩以至于每个人都很喜欢他。 3.…too+形容词/副词原级+to do sth,太…而不能 He is too young to join (join)the army.他太小了不能参军。 4.形容词/副词原级+enough to do sth,足够… The girl is old enough to go(go) to school.这个女孩足够大了,可以去上学了。 3.3形容词(副词)比较级句型 1.比较级+than,比… This bridge is longer (long) than that one.这座桥比那座桥长。 2.表示差数:数词+名词+比较级+than You are ten kilos heavier(heavy) than I.你比我重10公斤。 表示倍数:…times+比较级+than… Our room is three times larger (large) than theirs.我们的房间比他们的大三倍。 3. 比较级前可用much,a little,a bit,a lot.far,even,still,rather.any等表示程度。 It's much colder (cold) today than yesterday.今天比昨天冷得多。 4.表示两者之间的选择,可使用which/who is+比较级,…or…? Which is longer(long),this one or that one?这个和那个,哪个更长? 5.表示不及另一方时,用less+原级+than … I don’t like this park. This park is less beautiful (beautiful )than that one.这个公园没有那个公园漂亮。 6.the+比较级,the+比较级,越…越… The more carefully(careful) you study,the higher scores you will get.你学习越认真,你得到的分数就会越高。 7.…比较级+and+比较级…,越来越 In spring,the days are getting longer and longer. 在春天,白天变得越来越长。 3.4形容词(副词)最高级句型(表示三者及三者以上的比较,最…) 1....one of the+最高级+名词复数,最…之一 The Great Wall is one of the greatest(great) wonders in the world.长城是世界上最伟大的奇观之一。 2.…最高级+of(in) Of all the movie stars,I think Zhang Ziyi is the best(good).在所有的电影明星里,我认为章子怡是最优秀的。of表示比较的数量,in表示比较的范围。 Unit4 there be 句型与名词 3.1. There be句型的主谓一致 ①There's a man at the door. →There is a +单数可数名词+...... ②There is an orange on the table. →There is an+单数可数名词+... ③There some water in the glass. →There is+不可数名词+... ④There some strangers in the street.→There are +可数名词复数+... 就近原则:如果There be后面是几个并列名词,动词be的形式和最靠近的名词保持数的一致。 ①There a cup and two bottles on the shelf.→There is a+单数可数名词+... ②There two bottles and a cup on the shelf.→There are +可数名词复数+... 3.2.There be结构中的时态,句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。 ①There is no man in the room.(一般现在时) ②There were many flowers in the hills last spring.(一般过去时) ③There will be a fine day tomorrow.(一般将来时) 1、 基础训练1: 用 is, are或will be 填空 1. There _many monkeys in the mountain. 2.There_ a beautiful garden in our school. 3.There some water in the glass. 4.There some bread on the table. 5._ _there any maps on the wall? 9._ _there a cup of tea on the table? 10.There_ _some apple juice in the glass. 11.There_ _a bed and two chairs in Betty's room. 12.There_ _some milk in the bottle. 13.There_ _some children in the park. 15.There___ _ a teacher and many students in our classroom. 18.There_ _many things over there. 20.There_ _a football match on television this evening. 21. There_ _some new fruit in the kitchen. 22.There_ _a lot of cars on the road. Please be careful. 24. There_ _a football match next week. 25.There_ _a basketball match in our school tomorrow. 二.将下列句子变成否定句和一般疑问句。 1. There is some water in the bottle. 否定句: 疑问句: 2.There are many apples in the box. 否定句: 疑问句: 三、对句子划线部分提问。 1. There are seven days in a week. 2.There are lots of books in our library. 1. There is a knife over there. 4. There is a little milk in the glass. 课后作业 1. How many _____are there in the room? A. apple B.students C.milk 2.There_a film tomorrow evening. A. will have B. is going to be C.has D. is going to have 3.. There_a school at the foot of the hill. A.have B. stands C.are D.stand 4. How many boys__there in Class one? A.be B.is C.are D.am 5.There____a lot of good news in today's newspaper. A.is B.are C.was D.were 6..There___pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk. A.is a B. are some C.has a D.have some 二.句型转换 1.There are some pictures on the wall.(改为否定句) There pictures on the wall. 2.There is some water in the bottle.(改为一般疑问句) there water in the bottle? 3.Are there any chairs near the window?(做肯定回答) , . 4.There are two bikes under the tree.(对画线部分提问) are there under the tree? 5.There is a little orange juice in the bottle.(对画线部分提问) orange juice is there in the bottle? 4.名词 4.1.名词复数 情况 构成方法 例词 读音 一般 一般情况 在词尾加 -s desk → desks -s 在清辅音后发 /s/ day → days -s 在元音和浊辅音后发 /z/ 以s,s,x,ch,sh结尾的词 在词尾加 -es bus →buses box →boxes watch → watches dish→ dishes -es 发 /iz/ 音 以辅辅音字母加 -y结尾的词 变y为i再加 -es family→ families factory→ factories party→ parties -ies 发 /iz/ 音 以元元音字母加 -y结尾的词 在词尾加 -s day→ days key→ keys -s 发 /z/ 音 以ff 以f或fe结尾的词 多将-f或-fe改变为 -ves knife→ knives; life→ lives; leaf→ leaves; scarf(围巾)→scarves -ves 发 /vz/ 音 以-o 以o结尾的名词 有生 有生命的加es,无生无生命的加s hero→ heroes tomato→ tomatoes potato→ potatoes. 口诀:黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿 radio→ radios zoo→ zoos photo→ photos piano→ pianos -es 发 /z/ 音 A. 鱼鹿羊 单复同形      deer,  sheep,  fish                                                                                               B. 哪国人:中日不变,英法a变e,其他国人加S”。如:Chinese-- Chinese,  Japanese--Japanese,  Englishman--Englishmen,  American--Americans  German--Germans.    C. 无规律的名词复数 男人女人,a变e man-men;woman-women;policewoman-policemen 鹅脚牙,oo变ee goose-geese; tooth-teeth; foot-feet 鼠孩牛 mouse-mice; child-children;ox-oxen(公牛) 例题:There are more job 49. (chance)here than any other country in the world. After several 63. (month), he sold it and earned lots of money. 4.2.名词所有格 1.构成(有生命的) 1一般直接加’s Jim’s room 吉姆的房间;Children’s Day 儿童节 2词尾已有s的复数名词,在词尾只加’ Students’ rooms 学生们的房间 3表示两者或两者以上共有的所属关系,在最后一个词 的词尾加’s Jane and Mary’s room 简和玛丽的房间(指两个人共用一个房间) 4表示两者或两者以上各自的所属关系,各自加’s Jane’s and Mary’s rooms 简和玛丽各自的房间(指分别所有) 5表示某人的家、店铺、办公室等,在词尾加’s,省 略其后名词 at my uncle’s 在我叔叔家 例题: Some of my __ ___ (friend) parents thought comic strips(连环漫画) were too childish There are many students living at school,the__ _(child) houses are all far from school. Unit6条件状语从句 条件从句的类型 一、if引导的条件状语从句 if条件状语从句表示在某条件下,某事很可能发生。例如: If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。 If you have finished the homework, you can go home.如果你作业做完了就可以回家了。 二、if条件从句的时态搭配(部分) l)if从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时(主将从现)。例如: If he runs, he'll get there in time.如果他跑起来,他就会及时赶到那儿。 The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴,它就会抓你。 2)if从句用一般现在时,主句用may/might/can .例如: If the fog gets thicker, we may stay at home. 如果雾再大一些,我们可能呆在家里。 If it stops snowing, we can go out. 如果雪停了,我们就能出去。 3)if从句用一般现在时,主句用must/should,例如: If you want to lose weight, you must/should eat less bread. 如果你想减肥,你必须少吃面包。 ※4)if从句用一般现在时,主句用一般现在时表情景的常态性或客观现象时,例如: If you heat ice, it turns to water.(也可用will turn) 如果把冰加热,它就会化成水。 三、unless引导的条件状语从句 unless 的意思是“如果不,除非”,可与if...not互换。 You will fail in English unless you work hard.你英语考试会不及格的,除非你更加努力。=You will fail in English if you don't work hard. ※四、as /so long as引导的条件状语从句,意思是“只要”。 So long as you're happy, I will be happy.只要你高兴,我就高兴。 ※五、once 引导的条件状语从句,意思是“一旦.…,就…”, 从句可置于主句前或后。 Once you begin, never stop.一旦开始,就绝不要停止 Maths is easy to learn once you understand the rules. 一旦你理解了规则,数学就不难学了。 ※ 六、“祈使句,+and (or)+ 陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。 Hurry up, or you'll be late. = If you don't hurry up, you'll be late. Unit8代词 代词类型 种类 用法 示例 人称代词 第一人称代词 指说话者自身 主格:I(我),we(我们)<us>宾格:me(我),us(我们) 第二人称代词 指听话者一方 主格:you(你,你们)<you>宾格:you(你,你们) 第三人称代词 指谈话双方之外的另一对象 主格:he(他),she(她),it(它);they(他们,她们,它们)<them>宾格:him(他),her(她),it(它);them(他们,她们,它们) 物主代词 形容词性物主代词 在句中只用作定语,相当于一个形容词,不能单独使用,其后必须接名词 my(我的),your(你的,你们的),his(他的),her(她的),its(它的),our(我们的),their(他们的,她们的,它们的) 名词性物主代词 相当于一个名词词组,不能用作定语,但可以用作主语、宾语、表语,以及与“of”连接的定语 mine(我的),yours(你的,你们的),his(他的),hers(她的),its(它的),ours(我们的),theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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2024-2025学年沪教版(2024)年英语七年级上册各单元语法
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2024-2025学年沪教版(2024)年英语七年级上册各单元语法
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2024-2025学年沪教版(2024)年英语七年级上册各单元语法
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