Unit3 Grammar--宾语从句、提建议方式

特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 英语中按句子的结构可分三种：简单句 (simple sentence)；并列句 (compound sentence)和复合句 (complex sentence)。 ◆简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. ◆并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 ◆复合句：主句+从句（含有一个或一个以上从句）。主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。中学生英文写作中经常使用的从句有：宾语从句, 状语从句和定语从句。 我们看下面的句子： We all love Zhangjing. 这个句子中，We是主语，love是谓语，Zhangjing作动词love的宾语。单个的词或短语是动词或介词的承受者，表动作、行为的对象，称作宾语。再如： We all know Zhangjing is a good translator. Zhangjing is a good translator.是一个完整的句子。一个完整的句子作动词或介词的宾语，这个句子称作宾语从句，前面的主谓称为主句。所以， 宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的句子。 今天，我们就来学习特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。特殊疑问词(疑问代词和疑问副词)构成的特殊疑问句作宾语时，这个特殊疑问句就是宾语从句。此时，特殊疑问词为连接词。如： I don’t know where I can find a quiet place. Who can tell me what I should do? I do not understand why they are so strict with me. I wonder how I can achieve a balance between my homework and my hobbies. I have a problem, and I do not know how I should deal with it. We all know what the poor man should have said. Dan wondered why he was wanted by the police. I want to know whom/who you are waiting for. Do you know when we will hold the sports meeting? ◆连接词可分连接代词（what、who、whom、whose、which等）和连接副词（when、where、how、why等）。连接代词和连接副词有词义，并且在从句中充当句子成分。如： Can you tell me what you are doing? 你能告诉我你们在做什么吗？ (what在从句中作宾语，意思是“什么”) ◆宾语从句中的连接代词who与whom都指人，意为“谁”。如： who:主格在从句中作主语；whom:宾格在从句中作宾语。 I don't know who is singing next door.我不知道谁在隔壁唱歌。 Do you know who/whom he is waiting for?你知道他在等谁么？ whom在口语中很少使用。大多数情况下，我们可以用who代替whom。 1、 语序： 特殊疑问句作宾语时，宾语从句的语序必须把原来的疑问语序改为陈述语序。如： When did he leave? I don’t know. → I don't know when he left. What time will you arrive ? Did you tell me. →Did you tell me what time you would arrive ? 二、时态： 特殊疑问句作宾语时，宾语从句的时态要由主句的时态来决定。 1.)若主句为一般现在时，从句根据句意选用正确时态，不受主句时态的约束。 2.)若主句为一般过去时，从句也必须是过去的某一时态，具体根据句意决定；若从句表达客观事实或真理、自然现象、公式定理、名言警句，则用一般现在时，不受主句约束。如： He is wondering when she can finish this difficult job. We weren’t sure how many dictionaries you had. 三、人称变化：宾语从句需要根据主语改换适当的人称。如： Amy wonders. Who should I go to for help？→ Amy wonders who she should go to for help. Giving suggestions(提建议的句型) 我们可以用Why not do…?，Why don’t you do…?，What/How about doing…?，Let’s do…， Shall we do…?，Perhaps you should/can do…，You’d better do…等提建议。如： Why not tell your parents about the noise? How about asking your family to turn the TV off while you are studying? Attention： ①Why not …?是Why don’t you …?的省略形式，意思是“为什么不------？”或“你为什么不------？”，后跟动词原形。如：Why don’t you do something fun?=Why not do something fun? Let’s ….意思是“让我们------吧！”，后跟动词原形。如：Let’s tell our parents first. Shall we …?意思是“我们------好吗？”，后跟动词原形。如：Shall we go to the cinema? Perhaps you should ….意思是“也许你应该------”，后跟动词原形。如：Perhaps you can park over there. You’d better do….意思是“你最好------”，后跟动词原形。如：You’d better get up early. What/How about …?意思是“------怎么样？”或“------如何？”，后跟名词、代词或动名词。如：What/How about going to the new museum? ② A suggestion using “Why not do…?，Why don’t you do…?，What/How about doing…?， Shall we do…?”ends with a question mark（问号）. A suggestion using “Let’s do…，Perhaps you should do…，You’d better do…”ends with a full stop（句号） 单项选择 1．（2023·江苏徐州·二模）— Excuse me, can you tell me ________? — Certainly. Walk straight on, and turn left at the second crossing. You can’t miss it. A．how can I get to the ABC Cinema B．where is the ABC Cinema C．which is the way to the the ABC Cinema D．how get to the ABC Cinema 2．（22-23九年级上·江苏南通·阶段练习）— Excuse me, could you tell me ________? —Go along Minsheng Road and turn left. Then you will see it. A．where is Wuyue Square B．which is the way to Wuyue Square C．where Wuyue Square was D．how can I get to Wuyue Square 3．（2023·江苏泰州·二模）—If I am curious about Taizhou’s local culture, could you tell me ________? —Taizhou Museum would be a wonderful place. A．where can I travel B．which place my first choice is C．how I can go to Taizhou Museum D．if Taizhou Museum would be a wonderful place to visit 4．（22-23九年级上·江苏盐城·期中）—What did John say just now? —He asked ________. A．which was the way to the museum B．when we visit the museum C．that we visited the museum D．how did we get to the museum 5．（22-23九年级上·江苏盐城·阶段练习）The students are talking excitedly about ________. A．how will they spend this summer holiday B．which senior school they are going to enter C．what exciting things had happened over the years D．whether all of them would pass the final exams 6．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）It’s not your talents but your efforts that decide ________ you are, guys. A．how B．who C．which D．when 7．（23-24九年级上·江苏泰州·期末）—How soon will you start your journey to Harbin? —I haven’t decided it. I’m not sure ________. A．that I shall go there by train B．when shall I ask the boss for leave C．which hotel I stayed in D．who I can invite to go with 8．（23-24九年级上·江苏泰州·期末）Some of my friends are interested in science, but none of them can tell _________. A．when UFOs appeared next time B．that horses know the way or not C．where was this kind of plant found D．who became the first man to walk on the moon 9．（22-23九年级上·江苏·期末）Shenzhou-14 returned to Earth successfully! Could you tell me ________? A．in which centre it will land on B．who entered China Space Station this time C．what will it mean to the development of China D．that three astronauts entered China Space Station 10．（23-24九年级上·江苏·阶段练习）—Why do you seem so worried, Jack? —I’m still unsure ________. A．that I will pass the exam though I have tried my best B．which senior school should I choose for further study C．whether my parents would agree to let me join the trip D．who I can go to ask for help when my friends are away 11．（2023·江苏扬州·一模）Sometimes Daniel needs someone to share his worries with, but he doesn’t know ________. A．what should he talk to B．who he should talk to C．where should he talk to D．when he should talk to 12．（23-24九年级上·江苏南京·期末）If you ask your parents ________ when they were your age, their answers may surprise you. A．what was life like B．what life was like C．how was life D．how life was like 13．（23-24九年级上·江苏盐城·期末）The programme will show you ________. A．what Yancheng was like many years ago B．how was Yancheng like many years ago C．what was Yancheng like many years ago D．how Yancheng was like many years ago 14．（23-24九年级上·江苏南京·期末）—Could you please tell me ________ when they meet for the first time in France? —They usually shake hands. A．how people usually do B．what people usually do C．how do people usually do D．what do people usually do 15．（22-23九年级上·江苏·期末）—Do you know ________? —Yes. It’s about 1.4 billion. It has the second largest population in the world. A．how much is India’s population B．what is India’s population C．how much India’s population is D．what India’s population is 二、阅读理解 ①Would you like to get fewer colds and feel better? Would you like to have a taste of a special plant? Would you like to keep a plant with little care? An Aloe Vera plant could be just what the scientists may suggest! ②Growing Aloe Vera plants at home can make the air clean and fresh. Studies have shown that they give off oxygen(O₂) and take away harmful things from the air. With clean and fresh air, you are more likely to stay away from colds, sore throats and dry coughs. And even if you do get sick, Aloe Vera plants may help you get better from the illness faster. ③Did you know that Aloe Vera plants can be used as medicine? Aloe Vera gel(胶体) helps to deal with the pain of burns. And it also helps with itchiness(痒) caused by insect bites. To get this gel, just cut off a part of the plant, peel it, and put the gel on the affected skin(患处). This easy-to-get and safe-to-use medicine is available to you all year round. ④Apart from medical use, Aloe Vera plants are also popular in food industry. Whether you are interested in Aloe juice or crazy about Aloe yogurt, you’ll easily find them in the supermarket. Aloe Vera can also go with other vegetables to make a safe dish on your dinner table. ⑤ ▲ They like dry, warm air with bright light, so they grow best when placed near a window. Aloe Vera plants are able to keep water in their leaves. So, they do not need to be watered so often as most houseplants. Just wait until the earth is completely dry before you water them. When watering, make sure the earth is wet enough so that it can last for a long time. That’s all you need to do to to take care of an Aloe Vera plant. Isn’t it the perfect plant for lazy and forgetful gardeners. 1．In Paragraph 1, the writer leads into the topic by ________. A．telling stories B．listing numbers C．giving examples D．asking questions 2．What are the uses of Aloe Vera gel as medicine in Paragraph 3? a. It’s good for eyes.              b. It stops nosebleed. c. It helps with the itchiness.         d. It helps people lose weight. e. It deals with the pain of burns. A．c,e B．a,b C．b,d D．a,d 3．Which of the following can be the best to fill in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 5? A．Aloe Vera plants help you improve memory. B．Aloe Vera plants are very easy to take care of. C．Aloe Vera plants can serve as a delicious dish. D．Aloe Vera plants are good-looking houseplants. 4．The structure of the passage may be ________. A．   B．   C．   D．   As awareness（意识）of children’s health is increased in China, Beijing has created a new system of teaching and testing physical education as it tries to improve students’ fitness levels. This autumn school term, students in Grade 7 will become the first group of students in the capital to take part in the adjusted（调整的）system for middle school students. In December, 2021, education authorities（官方）in Beijing announced changes to physical education, which will finally be applied during all nine years of compulsory school education. “Education authorities will add more progress assessments（过程性评价）to PE course to encourage children to start physical exercise at an earlier age and do it on a regular basis,” Li Yi, a spokesman for the government, said at a news conference. According to the new assessment rules, the junior school students must choose four sports for their PE exams from a list of 22 sports, including running, jump rope, standing long jump, table tennis, badminton, swimming and gymnastics. Fourteen new sports were added to the list. Zhao Xing, a mother of two school-age children, says she is pleased that swimming has been added to the program as her 5-year-old son loves the sport and he often practices swimming. However, she wonders if her daughter will benefit from the changes as she is not a fan of sports. However, the new PE assessment rules have raised the concern of some parents who worry that the burden of competition will become too much for the children after more sports are added to the list. “I’m wondering whether I should ask my son to take more after-school courses such as badminton and swimming in order to help him get higher PE scores,” said Dong Pingping, a mother of a junior school student. “He is already fully occupied with other subjects. A new course means more money and energy need to be spent.” Li, the spokesman, said that the list of 22 sports may be changed. “The list will be adjusted according to the social economic growth, popularity of every sport, as well as the students’ physical quality development,” he added. 1．How many sports must the junior school students choose for their PE exams? A．Four. B．Fourteen. C．Twenty-two. D．Thirty-six. 2．Which is TRUE according to Paragraph 4? A．Zhao Xing’s daughter is good at sports. B．Zhao Xing is very happy with the adjusted system. C．Zhao Xing doesn’t agree with the adjusted system. D．Zhao Xing’s son may do well in his PE exams. 3．How did Dong Pingping feel about the new PE assessment rules? A．Pleased. B．Excited. C．Worried. D．Curious. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The list of sports will be adjusted B．Fourteen new sports were added to the list C．Beijing starts a new PE testing system for students D．Parents talk about a new PE testing system for students 1．C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我去ABC电影院走哪一条路吗？——当然。直走，并且在第二个十字路口左转。你不会错过它的。 考查宾语从句连接词辨析及其语序。根据“can you tell me”可知，此处应填宾语从句，语序为陈述句语序，排除选项A和B，而选项D中特殊疑问词后应加动词不定式，构成宾语从句的简化结构，故选C。 2．B 【详解】句意：——对不起，你能告诉我去吾悦广场的路吗？——沿着民生路走，然后左转。然后你就会看到了。 考查宾语从句。根据“Excuse me, could you tell me…”可知，句子是陈述语序，排除AD选项；由“Go along Minsheng Road and turn left.”可知，此处用一般现在时，C选项是一般过去时，因此排除C选项。故选B。 3．B 【详解】句意：——如果我对泰州的地方文化很好奇，你能告诉我我的第一选择是哪里吗？——泰州博物馆是个不错的地方。 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除A选项；根据“Taizhou Museum would be a wonderful place.”可知，是问自己可以去哪里学习泰州的地方文化，B选项“我的第一选择是哪里”符合语境，故选B。 4．A 【详解】句意：——约翰刚才说了什么？——他问哪条路是去博物馆的。 考查宾语从句。根据“He asked…”可知，此处为宾语从句，应用陈述句语序，排除D；主句为一般过去时，遵循主过必从过原则，从句也应为过去的某个时态，排除B；asked表示询问，宾语从句的引导词不应该用that，排除C。故选A。 5．B 【详解】句意：学生们兴奋地谈论着他们要进入哪所高中。 考查宾语从句的用法。在宾语从句中所使用的语序应该是陈述句语序，选项A是疑问句语序，不符合，排除；主句为现在进行时，从句也应为与现在相关的某种时态，选项C为过去完成时，选项D为过去将来时，时态均不符合，故排除；选项B时态及语序均正确。故选B。 6．B 【详解】句意：伙计们，不是你们的天赋而是你们的努力决定了你们是谁。 考查宾语从句。how怎么；who谁；which哪一个；when什么时候。根据“It’s not your talents but your efforts”可知应是努力决定了你们是谁，who引导了一个宾语从句，故选B。 7．D 【详解】句意：——你还有多久出发去哈尔滨？——我还没决定。我还不确定能邀请谁和我一起。 考查宾语从句和关系词。首先从句必须是陈述句，因此排除B；其次根据主句时态可知为一般将来时，因此排除C；A选项句意不完整，需排除；因此选项D“我不确定能邀请谁和我一起”正确。故选D。 8．D 【详解】句意：我的一些朋友对科学感兴趣，但他们都说不出谁是第一个在月球上行走的人。 考查宾语从句。根据“but none of them can tell”及选项可知，空处是宾语从句，从句用陈述句语序，排除C选项；A选项由“next time”可知，时态应用一般将来时，故也排除；选项B中由“or not”可知，连词用whether，也排除。故选D。 9．B 【详解】句意：神舟14号成功返回地球了！你能告诉我这次是谁进入了中国空间站吗？ 考查宾语从句。根据宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，可以排除C选项。再结合宾语从句中主句存在疑问，不可以用that引导，排除D选项。根据“returned to Earth successfully”可知神舟14号已经成功返回地球，因此A选项中的“will land on”不符合语境，排除A选项。故选B。 10．D 【详解】句意：——杰克，你为什么这么担心？——我仍然不确定当我的朋友不在的时候，我可以去找谁寻求帮助。 考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述语序，所以排除B；主句是“I’m still unsure我仍然不确定”，表示疑问，引导词不能用that，所以排除A；C项时态为过去将来时，不符合语境，所以排除。故选D。 11．B 【详解】句意：有时丹尼尔需要有人来分担他的担忧，但他不知道该和谁说话。 考查宾语从句。what should he talk to他应该说什么；who he should talk to他应该和谁说；where should he talk to他应该在哪儿说；when he should talk to他应该何时说。根据“he doesn’t know”可知，此处是宾语从句，宾语从句中要用陈述语序，可排除A和C。根据“Sometimes Daniel needs someone to share his worries with,”可知，丹尼尔需要有人来分担他的担忧，所以宾语从句的引导词应该是who。故选B。 12．B 【详解】句意：如果你问你的父母在你这个年纪时的生活是什么样的，他们的回答可能会让你大吃一惊。 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构并结合选项可知，空处为宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序，故排除A项和C项；like“像”，介词，所以此处应用连接代词what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语。故选B。 13．A 【详解】句意：这期节目将向你展示多年前盐城的样子。 考查宾语从句。分析句子，可知该句是宾语从句，应使用陈述语气，排除B、C两个选项；再根据what’s…like“……是什么样子”为固定句型，排除D。故选A。 14．B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我人们在法国第一次见面时通常做什么吗？ ——他们通常握手。 考查宾语从句。分析题干可知，句子是宾语从句，要用陈述语序，排除选项C和D；根据“They usually shake hands”可知上文询问第一次见面做什么，用what引导宾语从句。故选B。 15．D 【详解】句意：——你知道印度有多少人口吗？——是的，大约14亿。它是世界第二人口大国。 考查宾语从句与引导词。根据“Do you know”可知，设空处为宾语从句，从句应用陈述句语序，可排除AB项；对population“人口”进行提问，疑问词用what。故选D。 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍为什么适合养芦荟。 1．推理判断题。分析第一段内容可知，作者以问题的方式引出主题，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Aloe Vera gel(胶体) helps to deal with the pain of burns. And it also helps with itchiness(痒) caused by insect bites.”可知，芦荟凝胶有助于处理烧伤的疼痛，它还有助于缓解蚊虫叮咬引起的瘙痒。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据横线后内容，尤其是“Isn’t it the perfect plant for lazy and forgetful gardeners.”可知，芦荟非常好养，不需要太多的照料，故选B。 4．篇章结构题。第一段以问题的形式引出主题；第二、三、四、五段分别介绍养芦荟的优势和好处，故选B。 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北京体育改革官方政策出台之后，学生和家长不同的态度。 1．细节理解题。根据“According to the new assessment rules, the junior school students must choose four sports for their PE exams from a list of 22 sports,”可知，学生们必须从22项运动中选择4个作为考试项目。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“ as her 5-year-old son loves the sport and he often practices swimming.”可知，赵星的儿子很喜欢游泳，由此可以推断他在体育考试中可能表现很好。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“He is already fully occupied with other subjects. A new course means more money and energy need to be spent.”可知，董萍萍的儿子对于体育改革有困难，因此可以推断，董萍萍是担心的。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了北京体育改革官方政策出台之后，学生和家长不同的态度，因此本文是围绕北京体育改革的。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$