精品解析：罗店中学2024-2025学年高三上学期英语期中考试试卷

2024学年第一学期期中 高三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷 （满分：140分考试时间：120分钟） I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. 10:15. B. 10:45. C. 9:45. D. 9:15. 2. A. On a plane. B. In a taxi. C. On a train. D. In an ambulance. 3. A. She had a talk with the man. B. She made some cake on her own. C. She bought some cheese for the man. D. She asked the man about how to bake. 4. A. The woman may have spilled some coffee onto the man’s shirt. B. The man may have had time to have his shirt cleaned properly. C. The woman has found it unreasonable to pay for the man’s coffee. D. The man is angry that the woman hasn’t served coffee in a right way. 5. A. They have plans to eat out together. B. The woman has been late for dinner. C. They have changed their minds about the restaurant. D. The man is sorry he cannot join the woman for dinner. 6. A. He will wait for the woman. B. He will not attend the concert. C. He will stay until the conference is finished. D. He will ask the professor to change the conference time. 7. A. They went fishing this weekend. B. The man disagreed with the woman. C. They happened to be in the same class. D. The woman had some homework this weekend. 8. A. Type the letter as it is. B. Send the letter without typing it. C. Change some wording in his letter. D. Check to make sure his facts are correct. 9. A. The meeting will have to be postponed. B. He will tell the woman what is involved. C. This paper may not be needed at the meeting. D. He will get the job done if he gets some instruction. 10. A. She wouldn’t like to talk to Tom. B. Her mother hinted about that. C. There was a problem with her phone. D. Her mother cut the line all of a sudden. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. A risky sport B. A famous diver. C. A diving competition. D. A terrifying experience. 12. A. It has been popular since 11 years ago. B. It will soon become an Olympic event. C. The board may be 25 metres above the water. D. The divers need to land in the water on their backs. 13. A. Confident. B. Frightened. C. Curious. D. Excited. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Why women need more gossip than men. B How women’s conversations are different from men’s. C. What research finds about topics preferred by men and women. D. Whether men can concentrate on one matter more easily than women. 15. A. Health. B. Politics. C. Education. D. Football. 16. A. Men’s talk tends to cover only a small range of subjects. B. Women’s conversations are meant to exchange opinions. C. Men are often good at dealing with several matters in a meeting. D. Women usually stick to one subject while talking with each other. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. A meeting. B. A club. C. The man’s country. D. The woman’s level of English. 18. A. 18. B. 30. C. 50. D 80 19. A. She is an Australian. B. She plans to attend the next meeting. C. She needs to take more English classes. D. She looks forward to eating at a restaurant. 20. A. To affect local people positively. B. To show how friendly Australian people are. C To help foreigners fit into Australian society. D. To attract more people from overseas to work in Australia. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Bar codes Bar codes have become an essential part of modern commerce, especially in supermarkets. A bar code is a printed pattern of black and white lines containing important information. This technology is widely used around the world to make the process of purchasing items more efficient. ___1___ bar codes were invented, customers had to wait in long lines while clerks manually entered prices into cash registers after searching for price stickers on each item. This method was slow, and sometimes clerks made mistakes ___2___ reading the prices accurately. To address this problem, bar codes were invented, allowing for a quicker and more accurate checkout process. When a clerk scans an item’s bar code, the price is automatically recorded in the store’s system, reducing ___3___ need for manual entry. The bar code system also helps store managers keep track of inventory by automatically counting ___4___ many items are sold throughout the day. This enables them to reorder products when necessary to ensure that stock levels ___5___ (maintain). Bar codes became widely available in 1974, and since then, several systems have been developed. Each bar code consists of a unique identification number ___6___ (make) up of 12 digits (数字). The first six digits identify the manufacturer of the product, while the next five digits identify the specific product. The final digit is known as the check digit, ___7___ ensures the number is scanned correctly. Many businesses, particularly supermarkets, rely on bar codes to speed up the checkout process and track the items they sell. g bar codes ___8___ (allow) stores to efficiently manage their inventory, ensuring they always know what products are in stock and what needs ___9___ (reorder). Overall, the technology behind bar codes has made ____10____ (purchase) items faster and easier, while improving the accuracy of store operations and enhancing customer experience. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. appreciate B. factors C. handle D. initial E. maintaining F. occur G. removing H. richness I. shape J. steady K. variation Timbre: Quality of Sound Timbre, the unique quality of a musical sound, is crucial for distinguishing different instruments and voices. It is influenced by overtones, which are higher frequency vibrations (震动) that ____11____ with the main note. For example, when a piano plays an A note at 110 Hz, it also produces overtones at 220 Hz, 330 Hz, 440 Hz, and higher. These overtones add ____12____ and complexity to the sound, but the main frequency is what we recognize as the pitch (音高). The way instruments ____13____ these overtones affects its timbre. A trumpet and a clarinet, even when playing the same note, sound different because of their materials and design. This ____14____ gives each instrument its unique sound. Timbre is also shaped by the attack phase, which is the ____15____ sound made before the note stabilizes. This includes key clicks, string friction (摩擦), or the breath on a wind instrument. These sounds are important for identifying the instrument; ____16____ them can make it hard to recognize the instrument. Another aspect of timbre is flux, which refers to changes in pitch and volume during a note. Instruments like trumpets have little flux and maintain a (n) ____17____ tone, while gongs have significant flux as their sound evolves. This difference affects how we perceive the instrument’s character. Timbre also involves ____18____ such as volume, note duration, and speed. These elements, combined with how sound is produced, ____19____ the musical identity of an instrument. Timbre enhances our musical experience by helping us recognize and ____20____ the variety of sounds from different instruments and voices. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In front of you are four decks of cards (四副牌) - two red and two blue. Each card in these decks either adds or ____21____ points from your score. Your task is to draw cards one at a time to maximize your score. What you don’t know is that the red decks are problematic. While the rewards are high, the risks are too, and drawing from the red decks can lead to substantial losses. The blue decks, on the other hand, provide ____22____, modest rewards with fewer penalties (惩罚). The question is: how long will it take you to ____23____ the difference? Scientists at the University of Iowa conducted this experiment to explore how humans process risk and make decisions. They found that after about fifty cards, most participants developed a feeling about the red decks being ____24____. After around eighty cards, the players could ____25____ clearly why the red decks were a poor choice. This process is straightforward: we gather experience, think about it, and develop a theory based on evidence. This is how our mind works - it ____26____ through a problem and arrives at a conclusion. ____27____, the Iowa researchers observed something else. They measured the activity of participants’ sweat glands (腺) as they played and noticed that the players’ hands began to sweat around the tenth card - long before they ____28____ the red decks as problematic. Their behavior began to change around this point as well, with players subconsciously ____29____ the blue decks. This suggests that our brain operates on two levels: the conscious and the unconscious. The conscious mind is purposeful, using _____30_____ and reasoning to reach conclusions, while the unconscious mind works faster, picking up on patterns and problems with little information. The researchers imply that the unconscious mind is good at recognizing dangers _____31_____. While the conscious mind takes around eighty cards to come to a conclusion, the unconscious mind starts working after just ten cards. This fast, natural thinking process is referred to as the “adaptive unconscious.” It allows us to make quick decisions based on _____32_____ data - a skill that has been essential for human survival. This idea of the adaptive unconscious _____33_____ the idea that slow, purposeful thought is always superior. We often believe that taking more time leads to better decisions, but there are moments — especially in stressful situations - when quick judgments can be just as _____34_____, if not more so. The adaptive unconscious processes information rapidly, enabling us to respond quickly to threats or opportunities, even before we are fully _____35_____ them. 21. A. makes for B. turns on C. looks into D. takes away 22 A. consistent B. considerable C. financial D. indirect 23. A. make up B. pay back C. ask about D. figure out 24. A. bad B. valuable C. random D. few 25. A. wonder B. explain C. forget D. predict 26. A. gathers B. flows C. matters D. reasons 27. A. Unfortunately B. Instead C. However D. Accordingly 28. A. ignored B. guessed C. identified D. started 29. A. investigating B. favoring C. verifying D. resetting 30. A. logic B. technology C. force D. assistance 31. A. actively B. blindly C. quickly D. dutifully 32. A. enough B. latest C. limited D. missing 33. A. challenges B. supports C. develops D. examines 34. A. controversial B. effective C. specific D. general 35. A. independent of B. capable of C. worthy of D. aware of Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Superintelligence is a mixture of sci-fi, action, and rom-com featuring Carol Peters, who is considered “the most average person on Earth.” Played by Melissa McCarthy, Carol is single, unemployed, and a fan of James Corden. She suddenly finds herself at the center of a high-stakes situation: a super intelligent AI is watching her every move to determine if humanity deserves to survive. If she fails to show the AI the goodness of humanity, it might lead to nuclear destruction. The AI, which has taken on the voice of James Corden (with the man himself voicing it), was originally designed as a children’s toy to personalize learning. However, it has gone rogue and now possesses great power, accessing everything from household devices to world data. This raises important questions about how much we rely on technology and how the can be turned against us. The AI can use technologies to create chaos, from car crashes to financial control, even threatening to launch nuclear missiles. Despite the world being close to destruction, the film focuses more on a somewhat boring romantic plot. Carol is encouraged by the AI to renew her past relationship with her ex-boyfriend, George, played by Bobby Cannavale. Their awkward and often funny dates become a significant part of the story as the AI tries to learn about human behavior through their interactions. However, we don’t get much background on George, which makes it hard to fully invest in their relationship. While the film is slow to build suspense, it picks up in the final 25 minutes, featuring some surprising twists. McCarthy’s comedic talent shines throughout, and her interactions with George are often interesting. There are also funny cameos, including one by Ben Falcone, the film’s director and McCarthy’s husband, who plays a secret agent. Overall, Superintelligence struggles with balancing its romantic and sci-fi elements. The romance feels underdeveloped, and the AI’s behavior can be confusing, shifting between comedic and serious tones. Still, the film offers enjoyable moments and serves as a reminder about the importance of being cautious with personal data. It presents a unique take on the “destruction by AI” theme and is a light, entertaining choice for rom-com fans. 36. The Al in Superintelligence was initially intended to ______. A. assist secret agents in their work B. analyze humans’ living conditions C. serve as an educational tool for children D. monitor world data for security purposes 37. What does the word “rogue” (paragraph 2) most probably mean? A. Acting outside its original purpose. B. Loyal and predictable. C. Created to cause chaos. D. Working efficiently. 38. Which of the following best describes the plot of the film Superintelligence as mentioned in the passage? A. Secret agents work to shut down an Al-based criminal group. B. A woman tries to stop an AI while dealing with her love life. C. Friends struggle to survive in a world controlled by an Al. D. A teenager uses an Al to help him become a superhero. 39. What can be inferred about the film’s view of the AI’s role in the story? A. The AI has done damage to the world. B. The AI’s job is just to fix Carol’s love life. C. The Al’s humor makes it seem less dangerous. D. The AI fades into the background as the romance grows. (B) USE FLAT-RATE SHIPPING Find savings by using flat- rate boxes for your packages. Carriers like USPS offer several sizes, and it can be cost-effective for heavy items since the price is fixed regardless of weight, starting at $5.00. MAKE USE OF SUBSCRIPTION SERVICES Consider subscription services like Fast Ship.com which provide discounted shipping rates and additional features like package tracking and scheduled pickups for a monthly fee. Some even offer a free introductory period. “SIGNATURE REQUIRED” FOR VALUABLES When sending items of significant value, choose the signature-required service. This ensures your items are not left unattended upon delivery. It’s a small price for peace of mind. TAKE ADVANTAGE OF OFF-PEAK SHIPPING To avoid higher costs and delays, send your packages during off-peak times. Couriers like UPS have lower rates and faster delivery times when shipping traffic is low. REMEMBER “NO-COST RETURN DAYS” Many online retailers offer special days where they will cover the return shipping costs for any items. This is often after the holiday rush, so keep an eye out for announcements to save on post-holiday returns. 40. What is the primary benefit of flat-rate shipping for heavy items according to the passage? A. Packaging tracking is included in the cost. B. The cost always remains the same. C. It provides faster delivery. D. It is more secure. 41. Which service is recommended for sending expensive items? A. Off-peak shipping. B. No-cost return days. C. Signature-required service. D. Subscription service. 42. Simon runs a small online business selling books and has noticed an increase in shipping costs affecting your profits. Based on the expert tips provided, what could be a cost-effective strategy for shipping your products? A. Switch to a subscription service. B. Send packages during peak shipping times. C. Send all packages with a signature-required service. D. Use no-cost return days to handle all your shipments. (C) The universe is huge and full of big events that are hard for us to even imagine. When we think about these huge space events compared to problems on Earth, it makes us realize how small our issues might be. This reflection, inspired by the work of science journalist Miles Kingston, leads our attention to the astronomic events that could make even our greatest challenges on Earth look unimportant. As Kingston illustrates in his latest release. The Stellar Imprint on Earth, the universe teems with phenomena of unimaginable power. Take, for instance, the mighty supernovae, stars that conclude their life cycles in awe-inspiring explosions, capable of outshining entire galaxies for a brief moment. These “fireworks”, while a spectacle of natural beauty, bear the potential to release harmful cosmic radiation (宇宙射线) across light-years of space, threatening any planet within its unfortunate reach. We’ve also become much aware of rogue asteroids, leftover pieces of the early solar system’s formation, meandering through space with the potential to crash into Earth. The historical record holds numerous reminders of such events, with the asteroid (小行星) that led to the dinosaur extinction being a example. Yet, it is the possibility of a gamma-ray burst, a disastrous release of energy resulting from the most violent star activity, that casts a significant shadow over our existential security. These bursts, if aimed at Earth, could strip away the protective ozone layer (臭氧层), exposing all forms of life to harmful solar radiation. Kingston’s book forces us to face the reality that, despite our earthly challenges and achievements, Earth is not isolated from the vast dance of the universe. While human-driven climate change, environmental degradation, and geopolitical conflicts command our immediate attention, Kingston advocates for an expanded awareness that includes the cosmic phenomena that could, without warning, redefine the very concept of risk for our planet. By putting our understanding into the cosmic scale, perhaps we can find a new appreciation for the fragility and resilience of life on Earth. Kingston’s compelling discourse encourages a paradigm shift, inviting us to broaden our horizon and prepare not just for the challenges ahead but also for the mysteries of the universe that continue to unfold. 43. What is the main theme of the passage? A. Advances in space exploration and technology. B. The life cycles of stars and their impacts on galaxies. C. Methods to protect Earth from harmful cosmic phenomena. D. The potential cosmic events that could pose risks to Earth. 44. According to the passage, why might it be important for humans to comprehend space phenomena? A. It is crucial for predicting the weather patterns on Earth. B. It is significant in terms of improving space travel technologies. C. It can lead to a better understanding of Earth’s strength and weakness. D. It can enhance our comprehension of Earth’s formation and geography. 45. What is mentioned as a possible threat from supernovae in the passage? A. They could increase the temperature of Earth’s core to a great extent. B. They could send harmful cosmic radiation over vast distances. C. They could cause significant shifts in Earth’s magnetic fields. D. They could lead to a new formation of stars. 46. What is the author’s primary purpose in discussing cosmic events in relation to Earth’s challenges? A. To argue that cosmic events are more threatening. B. To highlight how small Earth’s challenges are. C. To suggest that they both are research focus. D. To promote greater awareness of both. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. My Thank you Year In January 2018, I was traveling from Brooklyn to New Jersey. I have a busy consulting business, so a quiet train ride felt like a mini vacation. Yet I found myself spending that precious time scrolling (刷屏) through my social media feeds. One day, I put down my phone and started writing thank-you notes to people who had contributed to a fundraiser I had organized. ____47____ The next day, I wrote more thank-yous — and felt the same pleasure. When I finished writing the notes, I counted them up. There were 31 — one for every day of the year so far. Something clicked. What if I kept it up? I decided to write one thank-you note for every day of that year. I had no shortage of people I was grateful for. ____48____ January was charity—and, thankfully, I had already completed that goal. February would be dedicated to neighbors, I decided, and I thought of a dozen name s right away. I remembered when the owners of our local bookstore let me and my five-year-old son, Henry, in before the store opened. I recalled when our 14-year-old babysitter dropped off a bag of old board games for our kids to play. Then March, April, … until December. Writing the notes wasn’t all that time-consuming: Each was two or three sentences long, taking just a few minutes to compose. I focused on the person I was writing to and what I wanted to say, and the words came fairly easily. ____49____ It was good for my brain, which had been trained to wander from app to app. It felt wonderful to look at a blank white space with a pen in my hand, thinking about a person and the way he or she had helped me. While writing the notes, I eventually realized why this task was the perfect antidote to my social feeds. What was I actually doing when I scrolled through Facebook? Too often, I was getting cross. ____50____ What was I doing when I scrolled through Instagram? More often than not, I was admiring other people’s lives — their beach vacations, and their organized kitchens. Writing thank-you notes was an act of noticing and honoring my own life. A I could remember the feeling welling up inside me. B. When I got off the train that day, I was in a noticeably better mood. C. And here’s another huge bonus. D. That focus felt refreshing. E. Writing thank-you notes was time spent on something purely positive. F. So I picked out a different theme for each month to keep on task. IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. You’re Getting Very Sleepy Many people are surprised to learn that one of the simplest ways to improve health is by getting more sleep. Researchers have discovered that adding just 60 to 90 minutes of sleep each night can help boost memory, improve concentration, strengthen the immune (免疫) system, and reduce the likelihood of accidents. Even better, this “treatment” is completely free and has no side effects. Despite these benefits, many Americans do not get the recommended seven or more hours of sleep each night. Chronic sleep deprivation or regularly not getting enough sleep, is a growing problem. Studies show that lack of sleep weakens memory, concentration, and decision-making. It also increases stress and messes up the body’s metabolism (新陈代谢). Not getting enough sleep over time can increase the chances of people having car accidents. Research suggests that it also increases the risk of serious health conditions, like heart disease and weakened immunity. A major issue is that many people believe they can get by on little sleep. However, research shows that very few people can function well on less than eight hours a night. Even if someone feels fine on minimal rest, sleep debt catches up eventually. People who are sleep-deprived often feel tired during the day, nap in the afternoon, or struggle to stay alert during meetings or while driving. To address this problem, initiatives like National Sleep Awareness Week aim to educate the public about the importance of good sleep. Driving while sleepy, for instance, is now considered as dangerous as drunk driving. Not getting enough sleep can also contribute to aging and increase the risk of serious diseases. Making sleep a priority is crucial for maintaining good health and avoiding accidents. Better sleep habits can improve overall well-being, strengthen the immune system, and promote a longer, healthier life. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52. 这道菜食材寻常，做法简单，却异常美味。（Despite）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 百年前的农田，如今是集休闲娱乐于一体的公共服务空间。（integrate）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 中华文化的很多细节就藏在日常生活中的方方面面，等着人们去发现它的美。（wait）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 移动支付软件的适老化改造效果显著，不少老人已经开始习惯在日常购物时用这些软件支付。（be used to）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友Tom的邮件(如下所示)。根据他在邮件中的问题回复一封邮件。 Subject: Seeking Advice for Gap Year Plans in Shanghai Hi Li Ming, I hope you’re well! I’m planning to spend my gap year in Shanghai and am unsure whether to find a part-time job or focus on sightseeing. Could you advise on which option might be more beneficial? And why do you think so? Your insights would be really valuable as I make my plans. Thanks in advance for your help! Best, Tom _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024学年第一学期期中 高三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷 （满分：140分考试时间：120分钟） I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. 10:15. B. 10:45. C. 9:45. D. 9:15. 2 A. On a plane. B. In a taxi. C. On a train. D. In an ambulance. 3. A. She had a talk with the man. B. She made some cake on her own. C. She bought some cheese for the man. D. She asked the man about how to bake. 4. A. The woman may have spilled some coffee onto the man’s shirt. B. The man may have had time to have his shirt cleaned properly. C. The woman has found it unreasonable to pay for the man’s coffee. D. The man is angry that the woman hasn’t served coffee in a right way. 5. A. They have plans to eat out together. B. The woman has been late for dinner. C. They have changed their minds about the restaurant. D. The man is sorry he cannot join the woman for dinner. 6. A. He will wait for the woman. B. He will not attend the concert. C. He will stay until the conference is finished. D. He will ask the professor to change the conference time. 7. A. They went fishing this weekend. B. The man disagreed with the woman. C. They happened to be in the same class. D. The woman had some homework this weekend. 8. A. Type the letter as it is. B. Send the letter without typing it. C. Change some wording in his letter. D. Check to make sure his facts are correct. 9. A. The meeting will have to be postponed. B. He will tell the woman what is involved. C. This paper may not be needed at the meeting. D. He will get the job done if he gets some instruction. 10. A. She wouldn’t like to talk to Tom. B. Her mother hinted about that. C. There was a problem with her phone. D. Her mother cut the line all of a sudden. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. A risky sport B. A famous diver. C. A diving competition. D. A terrifying experience. 12. A. It has been popular since 11 years ago. B. It will soon become an Olympic event. C. The board may be 25 metres above the water. D. The divers need to land in the water on their backs. 13. A. Confident. B. Frightened. C. Curious. D. Excited. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Why women need more gossip than men. B. How women’s conversations are different from men’s. C. What research finds about topics preferred by men and women. D. Whether men can concentrate on one matter more easily than women. 15. A. Health. B. Politics. C. Education. D. Football. 16. A. Men’s talk tends to cover only a small range of subjects. B. Women’s conversations are meant to exchange opinions. C. Men are often good at dealing with several matters in a meeting. D. Women usually stick to one subject while talking with each other. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. A meeting. B. A club. C. The man’s country. D. The woman’s level of English. 18. A. 18. B. 30. C. 50. D 80 19. A. She is an Australian. B. She plans to attend the next meeting. C. She needs to take more English classes. D. She looks forward to eating at a restaurant. 20. A. To affect local people positively. B. To show how friendly Australian people are. C. To help foreigners fit into Australian society. D. To attract more people from overseas to work in Australia. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Bar codes Bar codes have become an essential part of modern commerce, especially in supermarkets. A bar code is a printed pattern of black and white lines containing important information. This technology is widely used around the world to make the process of purchasing items more efficient. ___1___ bar codes were invented, customers had to wait in long lines while clerks manually entered prices into cash registers after searching for price stickers on each item. This method was slow, and sometimes clerks made mistakes ___2___ reading the prices accurately. To address this problem, bar codes were invented, allowing for a quicker and more accurate checkout process. When a clerk scans an item’s bar code, the price is automatically recorded in the store’s system, reducing ___3___ need for manual entry. The bar code system also helps store managers keep track of inventory by automatically counting ___4___ many items are sold throughout the day. This enables them to reorder products when necessary to ensure that stock levels ___5___ (maintain). Bar codes became widely available in 1974, and since then, several systems have been developed. Each bar code consists of a unique identification number ___6___ (make) up of 12 digits (数字). The first six digits identify the manufacturer of the product, while the next five digits identify the specific product. The final digit is known as the check digit, ___7___ ensures the number is scanned correctly. Many businesses, particularly supermarkets, rely on bar codes to speed up the checkout process and track the items they sell. g bar codes ___8___ (allow) stores to efficiently manage their inventory, ensuring they always know what products are in stock and what needs ___9___ (reorder). Overall, the technology behind bar codes has made ____10____ (purchase) items faster and easier, while improving the accuracy of store operations and enhancing customer experience. 【答案】1. Before 2. in 3. the 4. how 5. are maintained 6. made 7. which 8. have allowed 9. to be reordered 10. purchasing 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了条形码的定义、作用、发展历程以及在商业中的应用，旨在向读者解释和说明条形码的重要性和实用性。 【1题详解】 考查时间状语从句。句意：在条形码发明之前，顾客不得不排长队等待，店员在每件商品上寻找价格标签后，再手动将价格输入收银机。分析句子成分可知，空处考查时间状语从句的连接词，意为“在……之前”，用“before”引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Before。 【2题详解】 考查介词。句意：这种方法既慢，店员在准确读取价格时有时也会出错。分析句子成分可知，空处考查介词，意为“在……方面”，用介词“in”。故填in。 【3题详解】 考查冠词。句意：店员扫描商品上的条形码后，价格会自动记录在商店系统中，减少了手动输入的需求。分析句子成分可知，空处考查修饰名词“need”，表示特指，用定冠词the。故填the。 【4题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：条形码系统还帮助商店经理自动统计一天内售出的商品数量，从而跟踪库存。分析句子成分可知，空处考查宾语从句的连接词，意为“多少”，用“how many”引导。故填how。 【5题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：这使他们能够在必要时重新订购产品，以确保库存水平得到维持。分析句子成分可知，空处考查从句的谓语动词；根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为“stock levels”，复数，和动词“maintain”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are maintained。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：每个条形码都由一个由12位数字组成的唯一识别码构成。分析句子成分可知，空处考查非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a unique identification number”和动词短语“make up of”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填made。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：最后一位数字是校验位，用于确保数字扫描正确。分析句子成分可知，空处考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为“the check digit”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【8题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：条形码使商店能够高效地管理库存，确保他们始终了解哪些产品有库存，哪些产品需要重新订购。分析句子成分可知，空处考查本句谓语动词；根据本句句意可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“bar codes”，复数，谓语动词用have。故填have allowed。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：条形码使商店能够高效地管理库存，确保他们始终了解哪些产品有库存，哪些产品需要重新订购。分析句子成分可知，空处考查非谓语动词担当动词“need”的宾语，用动词不定式被动形式，表示被动关系。故填to be recorded。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：总体而言，条形码背后的技术使购买商品变得更快、更容易，同时提高了商店运营的准确性并提升了客户体验。分析句子成分可知，空处考查非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填purchasing。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. appreciate B. factors C. handle D. initial E. maintaining F. occur G. removing H. richness I. shape J. steady K. variation Timbre: Quality of Sound Timbre, the unique quality of a musical sound, is crucial for distinguishing different instruments and voices. It is influenced by overtones, which are higher frequency vibrations (震动) that ____11____ with the main note. For example, when a piano plays an A note at 110 Hz, it also produces overtones at 220 Hz, 330 Hz, 440 Hz, and higher. These overtones add ____12____ and complexity to the sound, but the main frequency is what we recognize as the pitch (音高). The way instruments ____13____ these overtones affects its timbre. A trumpet and a clarinet, even when playing the same note, sound different because of their materials and design. This ____14____ gives each instrument its unique sound. Timbre is also shaped by the attack phase, which is the ____15____ sound made before the note stabilizes. This includes key clicks, string friction (摩擦), or the breath on a wind instrument. These sounds are important for identifying the instrument; ____16____ them can make it hard to recognize the instrument. Another aspect of timbre is flux, which refers to changes in pitch and volume during a note. Instruments like trumpets have little flux and maintain a (n) ____17____ tone, while gongs have significant flux as their sound evolves. This difference affects how we perceive the instrument’s character. Timbre also involves ____18____ such as volume, note duration, and speed. These elements, combined with how sound is produced, ____19____ the musical identity of an instrument. Timbre enhances our musical experience by helping us recognize and ____20____ the variety of sounds from different instruments and voices. 【答案】11. F 12. H 13 C 14. K 15. D 16. G 17. J 18. B 19. I 20. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主题是：音色是音乐声音的独特品质，对于区分不同的乐器和声音至关重要。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：它受到泛音的影响，泛音是与主音一起发生的高频振动。分析句子可知，空格处为与that引导的定语从句中的谓语动词，主语overtones为复数，occur“发生”为动词，符合句意。故选F项。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些泛音为声音增添了丰富性和复杂性，但主频率是我们所认为的音高。分析句子可知，空格处为与and连接的并列成分，作adds的宾语，richness“丰富性”为名词，符合句意。故选H项。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：乐器处理这些泛音的方式会影响其音色。分析句子可知，空格处为句子的谓语动词，主语为The way，handle“处理”为动词，符合句意。故选C项。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种差异给了每种乐器独特的音色。分析句子可知，空格处为句子的主语，根据句意，材料和设计的不同导致音色的“变化”，variation“变化”为名词，符合句意。故选K项。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：音色还受到攻击阶段的影响，这是音符稳定之前的初始声音。分析句子可知，空格处为修饰名词sound的形容词，initial“初始的”为形容词，作定语，符合句意。故选D项。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：去除这些声音可能很难识别乐器。分析句子可知，空格处为句子主语，故用动名词作主语，removing“去除”为动名词，符合句意。故选G项。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：像小号这样的乐器几乎没有变化，能保持稳定的音调，而铜锣的声音在演变过程中有很大的变化。分析句子可知，空格处为修饰名词tone的形容词，steady“稳定的”为形容词，作定语，符合句意。故选J项。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：音色还包括音量、音符持续时间和速度等因素。分析句子可知，空格处为“ involves”的宾语，factors“因素”为名词，符合句意。故选B项。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些元素与声音的产生方式相结合，塑造了乐器的音乐身份。分析句子可知，空格处作句子的谓语，shape“塑造”为动词，符合句意。故选I项。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：音色通过帮助我们识别和欣赏不同乐器和声音的多样性来增强我们的音乐体验。分析句子可知，空格处为与recognize并列的动词，appreciate“欣赏”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In front of you are four decks of cards (四副牌) - two red and two blue. Each card in these decks either adds or ____21____ points from your score. Your task is to draw cards one at a time to maximize your score. What you don’t know is that the red decks are problematic. While the rewards are high, the risks are too, and drawing from the red decks can lead to substantial losses. The blue decks, on the other hand, provide ____22____, modest rewards with fewer penalties (惩罚). The question is: how long will it take you to ____23____ the difference? Scientists at the University of Iowa conducted this experiment to explore how humans process risk and make decisions. They found that after about fifty cards, most participants developed a feeling about the red decks being ____24____. After around eighty cards, the players could ____25____ clearly why the red decks were a poor choice. This process is straightforward: we gather experience, think about it, and develop a theory based on evidence. This is how our mind works - it ____26____ through a problem and arrives at a conclusion. ____27____, the Iowa researchers observed something else. They measured the activity of participants’ sweat glands (腺) as they played and noticed that the players’ hands began to sweat around the tenth card - long before they ____28____ the red decks as problematic. Their behavior began to change around this point as well, with players subconsciously ____29____ the blue decks. This suggests that our brain operates on two levels: the conscious and the unconscious. The conscious mind is purposeful, using _____30_____ and reasoning to reach conclusions, while the unconscious mind works faster, picking up on patterns and problems with little information. The researchers imply that the unconscious mind is good at recognizing dangers _____31_____. While the conscious mind takes around eighty cards to come to a conclusion, the unconscious mind starts working after just ten cards. This fast, natural thinking process is referred to as the “adaptive unconscious.” It allows us to make quick decisions based on _____32_____ data - a skill that has been essential for human survival. This idea of the adaptive unconscious _____33_____ the idea that slow, purposeful thought is always superior. We often believe that taking more time leads to better decisions, but there are moments — especially in stressful situations - when quick judgments can be just as _____34_____, if not more so. The adaptive unconscious processes information rapidly, enabling us to respond quickly to threats or opportunities, even before we are fully _____35_____ them. 21. A. makes for B. turns on C. looks into D. takes away 22. A. consistent B. considerable C. financial D. indirect 23. A. make up B. pay back C. ask about D. figure out 24. A. bad B. valuable C. random D. few 25. A. wonder B. explain C. forget D. predict 26. A. gathers B. flows C. matters D. reasons 27. A. Unfortunately B. Instead C. However D. Accordingly 28. A. ignored B. guessed C. identified D. started 29. A. investigating B. favoring C. verifying D. resetting 30. A. logic B. technology C. force D. assistance 31. A. actively B. blindly C. quickly D. dutifully 32. A. enough B. latest C. limited D. missing 33. A. challenges B. supports C. develops D. examines 34. A. controversial B. effective C. specific D. general 35. A. independent of B. capable of C. worthy of D. aware of 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项研究发现有意识思维是有目的性的，它使用逻辑和推理来得出结论，而无意识思维反应更快，能够在信息量很少的情况下识别问题并迅速做出反应。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些牌组中的每张牌要么增加分数，要么减少分数。A. makes for前往；B. turns on打开；C. looks into深入调查；D. takes away减少。根据上文的“Each card in these decks either adds or”可知，either…or…意为“要么……要么……”，所以此处与adds相对应，所以表示“减少”分数，符合语境。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，蓝色套牌提供了稳定的、适度的奖励和更少的惩罚。A. consistent持续的，稳定的；B. considerable相当大的；C. financial金融的；D. indirect间接的。根据上文的“modest rewards with fewer penalties (惩罚).”可知，此处应与modest意义相近，所以此处表示“稳定且适度的”奖励，符合语境。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：问题是：你要花多长时间才能弄清楚两者的区别？A. make up构成；B. pay back偿还；C. ask about问询；D. figure out明白，弄清楚。根据下文的“They found that after about fifty cards, most participants developed a feeling about the red decks being ____4____ . After around eighty cards, the players could ____5____ clearly why the red decks were a poor choice.”可知，研究者发现50张牌后，大部分参与者就发现红牌不好，80张后他们能明白红牌不是好的选择，由此可推断，此处指的是要花多久才能明白两者的差距。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，在拿到大约50张牌后，大多数参与者都觉得红色的牌很糟糕。A. bad糟糕的，坏的；B. valuable有价值的；C. random随机的；D. few不多，很少。根据下文的“After around eighty cards, the players could ____5____ clearly why the red decks were a poor choice.”可知，在80张牌后，玩家清楚了为什么红牌是一个糟糕的选择，由此可知，此处指的是红牌很糟糕。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大约80张牌后，玩家可以清楚地解释为什么红色的牌组是一个糟糕的选择。A. wonder想知道；B. explain解释；C. forget忘记；D. predict预测。根据上文的“They found that after about fifty cards, most participants developed a feeling about the red decks being ____4____ .”可知，在50张牌后大部分参与者有一种红牌不好的感觉，结合下文的“why the red decks were a poor choice.”可知，此处指的是80张牌后，玩家可以清楚地解释为什么红牌是糟糕选择的原因了。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的大脑就是这样工作的——它通过一个问题进行推理并得出结论。A. gathers收集，集合；B. flows流动；C. matters重要；D. reasons推理。根据上文的“This process is straightforward: we gather experience, think about it, and develop a theory based on evidence.”可知，我们的大脑收集经验，进行思考，然后在经验的基础上得出结论，由此可知，此处指的是大脑通过“推理”得出结论。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，爱荷华大学的研究人员还观察到了其他现象。A. Unfortunately不幸地；B. Instead反而；C. However然而；D. Accordingly因此。根据句意，上文讲述的内容与下文的“the Iowa researchers observed something else.”之间为转折关系，所以此处使用“然而”符合逻辑。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们测量了参与者在玩游戏时汗腺的活动，并注意到玩家的手在第10张牌左右开始出汗——早在他们意识到红色牌有问题之前。A. ignored忽视；B. guessed猜测；C. identified认出；D. started开始。根据下文的“Their behavior began to change around this point as well”可知，他们的行为在此时开始发生改变，由此可推断，此处指的是玩家在第十张牌左右就“意识到”红牌有问题。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的行为也开始在这一点上发生改变，玩家下意识地选择蓝色套牌。A. investigating调查；B. favoring选择；C. verifying核实；D. resetting重新设置。根据上文的“Their behavior began to change around this point as well”以及下文的“the blue decks.”可知，在意识到红牌有问题后，应该是选择蓝牌。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有意识的头脑是有目的的，使用逻辑和推理来得出结论，而下意识的头脑工作得更快，在信息很少的情况下就能发现模式和问题。A. logic逻辑；B. technology技术；C. force力量；D. assistance帮助。根据上文的“The conscious mind is purposeful”以及下文的“and reasoning to reach conclusions”可知，有意识思维是有目的性的，他们会使用“逻辑”和推理得出结论。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究人员暗示，潜意识善于迅速识别危险。A. actively主动地；B. blindly盲目地；C. quickly快速地；D. dutifully忠实地。根据上文“while the unconscious mind works faster”可知，此处指的是下意识思维善于“迅速地”识别危险。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它使我们能够根据有限的数据快速做出决定——这是人类生存所必需的技能。A. enough足够的；B. latest最新的；C. limited有限的；D. missing丢失的。根据上文的“…while the unconscious mind works faster, picking up on patterns and problems with little information.”可知，下意识思维更快，在信息很少的情况下就能发现模式和问题，由此可知，此处指的是基于“有限的”信息得出结论。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种适应性下意识的观点挑战了缓慢的、有目的的思考总是更优越的观点。A. challenges挑战；B. supports支持；C. develops发展；D. examines检测。根据上文的“It allows us to make quick decisions based on ____12____ data — a skill that has been essential for human survival.”可知，适应性下意识思维可以快速地基于有限的数据得出结论，这是人类生存所必须得技能，结合下文的“that slow, purposeful thought is always superior.”可知，人们认为缓慢而有目的的思维更优越，由此可推断，此处指的是适应性下意识思维“挑战”了缓慢的、有目的的思考总是更优越的观点。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们常常认为，多花点时间就能做出更好的决定，但有些时候——尤其是在压力很大的情况下——快速的判断即使不是更有效，也是一样有效的。A. controversial矛盾的，有争议的；B. effective有效的；C. specific具体的；D. general一般的。根据上文的“We often believe that taking more time leads to better decisions, but there are moments — especially in stressful situations”以及下文的“if not more so.”可知，人们经常认为多花时间能做出更高的决定，但是，在压力很大的情况下，快速的判断即使不是更有效，也应该是一样的“有效”符合语境。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：适应性下意识快速处理信息，使我们能够在完全意识到威胁或机会之前迅速做出反应。A. independent of独立于；B. capable of具备……能力；C. worthy of值得；D. aware of意识到。根据上文的“The adaptive unconscious processes information rapidly, enabling us to respond quickly to threats or opportunities”可知，适应性下意识的快速加工信息能让我们在威胁或机会之前迅速做出反应，由此可知，此处强调下意识的思维的反应之快，由此可推断，此处指的是甚至是在我们还没有“意识到”威胁或机遇时就已经做出了反应，符合语境。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Superintelligence is a mixture of sci-fi, action, and rom-com featuring Carol Peters, who is considered “the most average person on Earth.” Played by Melissa McCarthy, Carol is single, unemployed, and a fan of James Corden. She suddenly finds herself at the center of a high-stakes situation: a super intelligent AI is watching her every move to determine if humanity deserves to survive. If she fails to show the AI the goodness of humanity, it might lead to nuclear destruction. The AI which has taken on the voice of James Corden (with the man himself voicing it), was originally designed as a children’s toy to personalize learning. However, it has gone rogue and now possesses great power, accessing everything from household devices to world data. This raises important questions about how much we rely on technology and how the can be turned against us. The AI can use technologies to create chaos, from car crashes to financial control, even threatening to launch nuclear missiles. Despite the world being close to destruction, the film focuses more on a somewhat boring romantic plot. Carol is encouraged by the AI to renew her past relationship with her ex-boyfriend, George, played by Bobby Cannavale. Their awkward and often funny dates become a significant part of the story as the AI tries to learn about human behavior through their interactions. However, we don’t get much background on George, which makes it hard to fully invest in their relationship. While the film is slow to build suspense it picks up in the final 25 minutes, featuring some surprising twists. McCarthy’s comedic talent shines throughout, and her interactions with George are often interesting. There are also funny cameos, including one by Ben Falcone, the film’s director and McCarthy’s husband, who plays a secret agent. Overall, Superintelligence struggles with balancing its romantic and sci-fi elements. The romance feels underdeveloped, and the AI’s behavior can be confusing, shifting between comedic and serious tones. Still, the film offers enjoyable moments and serves as a reminder about the importance of being cautious with personal data. It presents a unique take on the “destruction by AI” theme and is a light, entertaining choice for rom-com fans. 36. The Al in Superintelligence was initially intended to ______. A. assist secret agents in their work B. analyze humans’ living conditions C. serve as an educational tool for children D. monitor world data for security purposes 37. What does the word “rogue” (paragraph 2) most probably mean? A. Acting outside its original purpose. B. Loyal and predictable. C. Created to cause chaos. D. Working efficiently. 38. Which of the following best describes the plot of the film Superintelligence as mentioned in the passage? A. Secret agents work to shut down an Al-based criminal group. B. A woman tries to stop an AI while dealing with her love life. C. Friends struggle to survive in a world controlled by an Al. D. A teenager uses an Al to help him become a superhero. 39. What can be inferred about the film’s view of the AI’s role in the story? A. The AI has done damage to the world. B. The AI’s job is just to fix Carol’s love life. C. The Al’s humor makes it seem less dangerous. D. The AI fades into the background as the romance grows. 【答案】36. C 37. A 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章对电影《超智能》进行了全面的分析和评价，包括剧情概述、角色表现、情节发展、电影风格以及整体感受等方面，旨在为读者提供关于这部电影的信息和观点。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The AI, which has taken on the voice of James Corden (with the man himself voicing it), was originally designed as a children’s toy to personalize learning.(这个采用了James Corden声音（由Corden本人配音）的人工智能，最初被设计为一款个性化学习的儿童玩具。)”可知，《超智能》中的人工智能最初是为了作为儿童的教育工具。故选C。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“This raises important questions about how much we rely on technology and how the can be turned against us. The AI can use technologies to create chaos, from car crashes to financial control, even threatening to launch nuclear missiles.(这引发了关于我们多么依赖技术，以及技术如何可能被用来对付我们的重要问题。人工智能可以利用技术制造混乱，从车祸到金融控制，甚至威胁发射核导弹。)”可知，人工智能已经超出了其原始用途，即前文提到的“作为儿童的教育工具”。选项A“Acting outside its original purpose.(超出了其原始用途的行为。)”符合句意。故选A。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Played by Melissa McCarthy, Carol is single, unemployed, and a fan of James Corden. She suddenly finds herself at the center of a high-stakes situation: a super intelligent AI is watching her every move to determine if humanity deserves to survive. If she fails to show the AI the goodness of humanity, it might lead to nuclear destruction.(Melissa McCarthy饰演的Carol单身、失业，是James Corden的粉丝。她突然发现自己身处一场高风险事件的中心：一个超智能人工智能正在监视她的一举一动，以判断人类是否值得存活。如果她不能让人工智能看到人性的善良，可能会导致核毁灭。)”以及第三段“Despite the world being close to destruction, the film focuses more on a somewhat boring romantic plot. Carol is encouraged by the AI to renew her past relationship with her ex-boyfriend, George, played by Bobby Cannavale.(尽管世界濒临毁灭，但电影更多地聚焦于一段略显无聊的浪漫情节。人工智能鼓励Carol与她的前男友George重燃旧情，George由Bobby Cannavale饰演。)”可知，电影讲述的事女主角Carol既要处理自己的感情生活，又要试图阻止失控的人工智能。故选B。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Overall, Superintelligence struggles with balancing its romantic and sci-fi elements. The romance feels underdeveloped, and the AI’s behavior can be confusing, shifting between comedic and serious tones. Still, the film offers enjoyable moments and serves as a reminder about the importance of being cautious with personal data. It presents a unique take on the “destruction by AI” theme and is a light, entertaining choice for rom-com fans.(总的来说，《超智能》在平衡浪漫和科幻元素方面有些挣扎。浪漫情节感觉不够深入，人工智能的行为也令人困惑，在喜剧和严肃之间摇摆不定。不过，这部电影还是提供了愉快的时刻，并提醒我们要谨慎对待个人数据。它以一种独特的方式呈现了“人工智能导致的毁灭”这一主题，是浪漫喜剧迷们的一个轻松、有趣的选择。)”可推测，作者认为人工智能的行为使得电影在喜剧和严肃之间摇摆不定，是浪漫喜剧迷们的一个轻松、有趣的选择。也就是说，人工智能的幽默表现使它看起来不那么危险。故选C。 (B) USE FLAT-RATE SHIPPING Find savings by using flat- rate boxes for your packages. Carriers like USPS offer several sizes, and it can be cost-effective for heavy items since the price is fixed regardless of weight, starting at $5.00. MAKE USE OF SUBSCRIPTION SERVICES Consider subscription services like Fast Ship.com which provide discounted shipping rates and additional features like package tracking and scheduled pickups for a monthly fee. Some even offer a free introductory period. “SIGNATURE REQUIRED” FOR VALUABLES When sending items of significant value, choose the signature-required service. This ensures your items are not left unattended upon delivery. It’s a small price for peace of mind. TAKE ADVANTAGE OF OFF-PEAK SHIPPING To avoid higher costs and delays, send your packages during off-peak times. Couriers like UPS have lower rates and faster delivery times when shipping traffic is low. REMEMBER “NO-COST RETURN DAYS” Many online retailers offer special days where they will cover the return shipping costs for any items. This is often after the holiday rush, so keep an eye out for announcements to save on post-holiday returns. 40. What is the primary benefit of flat-rate shipping for heavy items according to the passage? A. Packaging tracking is included in the cost. B. The cost always remains the same. C. It provides faster delivery. D. It is more secure. 41. Which service is recommended for sending expensive items? A. Off-peak shipping. B. No-cost return days. C. Signature-required service. D. Subscription service. 42. Simon runs a small online business selling books and has noticed an increase in shipping costs affecting your profits. Based on the expert tips provided, what could be a cost-effective strategy for shipping your products? A. Switch to a subscription service. B. Send packages during peak shipping times. C. Send all packages with a signature-required service. D. Use no-cost return days to handle all your shipments. 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要向读者提供有关节省运费和更好地利用快递服务的实用建议和技巧。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据USE FLAT-RATE SHIPPING下的“Carriers like USPS offer several sizes, and it can be cost-effective for heavy items since the price is fixed regardless of weight, starting at $5.00.(像美国邮政这样的运营商提供几种尺寸，对于重的物品来说，它可能是划算的，因为价格是固定的，无论重量如何，起价为5美元)”可知，重型物品统一费率运输的主要好处是费用总是相同的。故选B项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据“SIGNATURE REQUIRED” FOR VALUABLES下的“When sending items of significant value, choose the signature-required service. This ensures your items are not left unattended upon delivery.(在寄送价值较高的物品时，应选择货到签名服务。这样可以确保您的物品在送达时不会被无人看管)”可知，寄贵重物品推荐使用货到签名服务。故选C项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据MAKE USE OF SUBSCRIPTION SERVICES下的“Consider subscription services like Fast Ship.com which provide discounted shipping rates and additional features like package tracking and scheduled pickups for a monthly fee. Some even offer a free introductory period.(可以考虑像Fast Ship.com这样的订阅服务，它们提供折扣运费和额外的功能，如包裹追踪和定时取件服务，只需支付月费。有些服务甚至提供免费的试用期)”可知，订阅服务可以提供折扣运费和其他功能，如包裹跟踪和定时取件，每月费用固定，这对于经营在线小本生意卖书的Simon来说是一个成本效益高的策略。故选A项。 (C) The universe is huge and full of big events that are hard for us to even imagine. When we think about these huge space events compared to problems on Earth, it makes us realize how small our issues might be. This reflection, inspired by the work of science journalist Miles Kingston, leads our attention to the astronomic events that could make even our greatest challenges on Earth look unimportant. As Kingston illustrates in his latest release. The Stellar Imprint on Earth, the universe teems with phenomena of unimaginable power. Take, for instance, the mighty supernovae, stars that conclude their life cycles in awe-inspiring explosions, capable of outshining entire galaxies for a brief moment. These “fireworks”, while a spectacle of natural beauty, bear the potential to release harmful cosmic radiation (宇宙射线) across light-years of space, threatening any planet within its unfortunate reach. We’ve also become much aware of rogue asteroids, leftover pieces of the early solar system’s formation, meandering through space with the potential to crash into Earth. The historical record holds numerous reminders of such events, with the asteroid (小行星) that led to the dinosaur extinction being a example. Yet, it is the possibility of a gamma-ray burst, a disastrous release of energy resulting from the most violent star activity, that casts a significant shadow over our existential security. These bursts, if aimed at Earth, could strip away the protective ozone layer (臭氧层), exposing all forms of life to harmful solar radiation. Kingston’s book forces us to face the reality that, despite our earthly challenges and achievements, Earth is not isolated from the vast dance of the universe. While human-driven climate change, environmental degradation, and geopolitical conflicts command our immediate attention, Kingston advocates for an expanded awareness that includes the cosmic phenomena that could, without warning, redefine the very concept of risk for our planet. By putting our understanding into the cosmic scale, perhaps we can find a new appreciation for the fragility and resilience of life on Earth. Kingston’s compelling discourse encourages a paradigm shift, inviting us to broaden our horizon and prepare not just for the challenges ahead but also for the mysteries of the universe that continue to unfold. 43. What is the main theme of the passage? A. Advances in space exploration and technology. B. The life cycles of stars and their impacts on galaxies. C. Methods to protect Earth from harmful cosmic phenomena. D. The potential cosmic events that could pose risks to Earth. 44. According to the passage, why might it be important for humans to comprehend space phenomena? A. It is crucial for predicting the weather patterns on Earth. B. It is significant in terms of improving space travel technologies. C. It can lead to a better understanding of Earth’s strength and weakness. D. It can enhance our comprehension of Earth’s formation and geography. 45. What is mentioned as a possible threat from supernovae in the passage? A. They could increase the temperature of Earth’s core to a great extent. B. They could send harmful cosmic radiation over vast distances. C. They could cause significant shifts in Earth’s magnetic fields. D. They could lead to a new formation of stars. 46. What is the author’s primary purpose in discussing cosmic events in relation to Earth’s challenges? A. To argue that cosmic events are more threatening. B. To highlight how small Earth’s challenges are. C. To suggest that they both are research focus. D. To promote greater awareness of both. 【答案】43. D 44. C 45. B 46. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要探讨了宇宙中可能发生的对地球构成潜在威胁的天文事件。通过介绍超新星、流浪小行星和伽马射线暴等宇宙现象，强调了地球在宇宙中的脆弱性，并呼吁人们关注这些可能重新定义地球风险概念的宇宙现象。 【43题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The universe is huge and full of big events that are hard for us to even imagine. When we think about these huge space events compared to problems on Earth, it makes us realize how small our issues might be. This reflection, inspired by the work of science journalist Miles Kingston, leads our attention to the astronomic events that could make even our greatest challenges on Earth look unimportant.(宇宙是巨大的，充满了我们难以想象的大事件。当我们想到这些巨大的太空事件与地球上的问题相比，它让我们意识到我们的问题可能是多么的小。这种反思受到科学记者迈尔斯·金斯顿（Miles Kingston）作品的启发，将我们的注意力引向了那些可能使我们在地球上面临的最大挑战显得无足轻重的天文事件)”以及纵观全文可知，文章主要讲的是宇宙中的天文事件，它们有可能对地球构成风险，让地球上最大的挑战都显得微不足道。故选D项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“By putting our understanding into the cosmic scale, perhaps we can find a new appreciation for the fragility and resilience of life on Earth. Kingston’s compelling discourse encourages a paradigm shift, inviting us to broaden our horizon and prepare not just for the challenges ahead but also for the mysteries of the universe that continue to unfold.(通过对宇宙尺度的理解，也许我们可以对地球上生命的脆弱和韧性有新的认识。金斯顿令人信服的论述鼓励了范式的转变，邀请我们拓宽视野，不仅为未来的挑战做好准备，也为继续展开的宇宙之谜做好准备)”可知，理解太空现象可以让我们更好地认识到地球的脆弱和坚韧，即更好地了解地球的强项和弱点。故选C项。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Take, for instance, the mighty supernovae, stars that conclude their life cycles in awe-inspiring explosions, capable of outshining entire galaxies for a brief moment. These “fireworks”, while a spectacle of natural beauty, bear the potential to release harmful cosmic radiation (宇宙射线) across light-years of space, threatening any planet within its unfortunate reach.(以强大的超新星为例，这些恒星在令人敬畏的爆炸中结束了它们的生命周期，能够在短暂的时刻超越整个星系。这些“烟花”虽然是自然美景的奇观，但却有可能释放出有害的宇宙辐射，跨越数光年的空间，威胁到其不幸范围内的任何行星)”可知，超新星可能会在很远的距离上发送有害的宇宙射线。故选B项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“While human-driven climate change, environmental degradation, and geopolitical conflicts command our immediate attention, Kingston advocates for an expanded awareness that includes the cosmic phenomena that could, without warning, redefine the very concept of risk for our planet.(虽然人类驱动的气候变化、环境退化和地缘政治冲突需要我们立即关注，但金斯顿主张扩大意识，包括可能在没有警告的情况下重新定义我们星球风险概念的宇宙现象)”可知，作者在讨论宇宙事件时，目的是提高人们对宇宙事件和地球挑战这两者的认识。故选D项。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. My Thank you Year In January 2018, I was traveling from Brooklyn to New Jersey. I have a busy consulting business, so a quiet train ride felt like a mini vacation. Yet I found myself spending that precious time scrolling (刷屏) through my social media feeds. One day, I put down my phone and started writing thank-you notes to people who had contributed to a fundraiser I had organized. ____47____ The next day, I wrote more thank-yous — and felt the same pleasure. When I finished writing the notes, I counted them up. There were 31 — one for every day of the year so far. Something clicked. What if I kept it up? I decided to write one thank-you note for every day of that year. I had no shortage of people I was grateful for. ____48____ January was charity—and, thankfully, I had already completed that goal. February would be dedicated to neighbors, I decided, and I thought of a dozen name s right away. I remembered when the owners of our local bookstore let me and my five-year-old son, Henry, in before the store opened. I recalled when our 14-year-old babysitter dropped off a bag of old board games for our kids to play. Then March, April, … until December. Writing the notes wasn’t all that time-consuming: Each was two or three sentences long, taking just a few minutes to compose. I focused on the person I was writing to and what I wanted to say, and the words came fairly easily. ____49____ It was good for my brain, which had been trained to wander from app to app. It felt wonderful to look at a blank white space with a pen in my hand, thinking about a person and the way he or she had helped me. While writing the notes, I eventually realized why this task was the perfect antidote to my social feeds. What was I actually doing when I scrolled through Facebook? Too often, I was getting cross. ____50____ What was I doing when I scrolled through Instagram? More often than not, I was admiring other people’s lives — their beach vacations, and their organized kitchens. Writing thank-you notes was an act of noticing and honoring my own life. A. I could remember the feeling welling up inside me. B. When I got off the train that day, I was in a noticeably better mood. C. And here’s another huge bonus. D. That focus felt refreshing. E. Writing thank-you notes was time spent on something purely positive. F. So I picked out a different theme for each month to keep on task. 【答案】47. B 48. F 49. D 50. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者个人的经历和感受，讲述了写感谢信给他带来的积极变化和好处，与社交媒体上的消极体验形成了对比。 【47题详解】 根据上文“One day, I put down my phone and started writing thank-you notes to people who had contributed to a fundraiser I had organized.(有一天，我放下手机，开始给那些为我组织的募捐活动做出贡献的人写感谢信)”以及空后内容“The next day, I wrote more thank-yous — and felt the same pleasure. (第二天，我又写了更多的感谢信——并感受到了同样的快乐)”中的“One day”和“The next day”可推测，空处应该描述的是作者在那天写感谢信之后的心情或感受。选项B“When I got off the train that day, I was in a noticeably better mood.(那天我下车时，心情明显好多了)”承接了前文，并且为后文提到的“felt the same pleasure”做了铺垫。故选B。 【48题详解】 根据上文“I decided to write one thank-you note for every day of that year. I had no shortage of people I was grateful for.(我决定在那一年里，每天都写一封感谢信。我从不缺少让我感激的人)”可知，作者决定每天写一封感谢信，并且他有很多要感谢的人。再根据下文“January was charity — and, thankfully, I had already completed that goal.(一月份是慈善的月份——谢天谢地，我已经完成了这个目标)”可知，空处应该描述的是作者如何安排每个月的主题或目标。选项F“So I picked out a different theme for each month to keep on task.(所以我每个月都选了一个不同的主题来保持任务的进行)”与上下文内容相符。故选F。 【49题详解】 根据空前内容“Writing the notes wasn’t all that time-consuming: Each was two or three sentences long, taking just a few minutes to compose. I focused on the person I was writing to and what I wanted to say, and the words came fairly easily.(写这些信并不那么耗时：每封信只有两三句话长，只需要几分钟就能写完。我专注于我正在写信的那个人以及我想说的话，所以写起来相当容易)”可知，上文提到写感谢信并不那么耗时，每封信只有两三句话长，只需要几分钟就能完成。作者专注于他正在写的人和他想说的话，单词来得相当容易。而空后内容“It was good for my brain, which had been trained to wander from app to app.(这对我的大脑有好处，因为我的大脑已经被训练成在不同的应用程序之间漫游)”则暗示了，空处应该描述的是写感谢信给作者带来的另一个好处或感受。选项D“That focus felt refreshing.(这种专注的感觉令人耳目一新)”与上下文内容相符，延续上文内容指出这种专注让人耳目一新，同时也对作者的大脑有好处。故选D。 【50题详解】 根据上文“What was I actually doing when I scrolled through Facebook? Too often, I was getting cross.(当我在Facebook上滚动浏览时，我实际上在做什么呢？很多时候，我都会感到生气)”以及空后“What was I doing when I scrolled through Instagram? More often than not, I was admiring other people’s lives — their beach vacations, and their organized kitchens.(我在浏览Instagram时又在做什么呢？更多的时候，我都是在羡慕别人的生活——他们的海滩度假，他们整洁有序的厨房)”可知，上下文提到的是作者在滚动浏览社交媒体时，通常在做的事情或感受。选项E“Writing thank-you notes was time spent on something purely positive.(写感谢信是把时间花在一些纯粹积极的事情上)” 与前文形成对比，并且引出了后文提到的“欣赏别人的生活”。故选E。 IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. You’re Getting Very Sleepy Many people are surprised to learn that one of the simplest ways to improve health is by getting more sleep. Researchers have discovered that adding just 60 to 90 minutes of sleep each night can help boost memory, improve concentration, strengthen the immune (免疫) system, and reduce the likelihood of accidents. Even better, this “treatment” is completely free and has no side effects. Despite these benefits, many Americans do not get the recommended seven or more hours of sleep each night. Chronic sleep deprivation, or regularly not getting enough sleep, is a growing problem. Studies show that lack of sleep weakens memory, concentration, and decision-making. It also increases stress and messes up the body’s metabolism (新陈代谢). Not getting enough sleep over time can increase the chances of people having car accidents. Research suggests that it also increases the risk of serious health conditions, like heart disease and weakened immunity. A major issue is that many people believe they can get by on little sleep. However, research shows that very few people can function well on less than eight hours a night. Even if someone feels fine on minimal rest, sleep debt catches up eventually. People who are sleep-deprived often feel tired during the day, nap in the afternoon, or struggle to stay alert during meetings or while driving. To address this problem, initiatives like National Sleep Awareness Week aim to educate the public about the importance of good sleep. Driving while sleepy, for instance, is now considered as dangerous as drunk driving. Not getting enough sleep can also contribute to aging and increase the risk of serious diseases. Making sleep a priority is crucial for maintaining good health and avoiding accidents. Better sleep habits can improve overall well-being, strengthen the immune system, and promote a longer, healthier life. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Sleep is essential for health, enhancing memory, focus, and immunity. Many suffer from chronic sleep deprivation, which impacts memory, decision-making, and increases risks of accidents and diseases like heart disease. Although some believe minimal sleep suffices, research suggests otherwise. Initiatives stress the critical nature of adequate sleep for well-being and safety. Prioritizing sleep can improve health and longevity. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了睡眠对健康、增强记忆力、注意力和免疫力至关重要。许多人患有慢性睡眠不足，这会影响记忆、决策，并增加事故和心脏病等疾病的风险。尽管有些人认为最少的睡眠就足够了，但研究表明并非如此。倡议强调充足睡眠对健康和安全的重要性。优先考虑睡眠可以改善健康和寿命。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Researchers have discovered that adding just 60 to 90 minutes of sleep each night can help boost memory, improve concentration, strengthen the immune (免疫) system, and reduce the likelihood of accidents. ②Chronic sleep deprivation, or regularly not getting enough sleep, is a growing problem. Studies show that lack of sleep weakens memory, concentration, and decision-making. It also increases stress and messes up the body’s metabolism (新陈代谢). Not getting enough sleep over time can increase the chances of people having car accidents. Research suggests that it also increases the risk of serious health conditions, like heart disease and weakened immunity. ③A major issue is that many people believe they can get by on little sleep. However, research shows that very few people can function well on less than eight hours a night. ④To address this problem, initiatives like National Sleep Awareness Week aim to educate the public about the importance of good sleep. ⑤Making sleep a priority is crucial for maintaining good health and avoiding accidents. Better sleep habits can improve overall well-being, strengthen the immune system, and promote a longer, healthier life. 2.缜密构思 将第3、4、5三个要点进行重组，将总结性语句放在文章最后。将1、2两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Many suffer from chronic sleep deprivation, which impacts memory, decision-making, and increases risks of accidents and diseases like heart disease. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Many suffer from chronic sleep deprivation, which impacts memory, decision-making, and increases risks of accidents and diseases like heart disease.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第二段进行了概括。其中which引导了非限制性定语从句，修饰主句，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】Although some believe minimal sleep suffices, research suggests otherwise. 运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第三段进行了概括。其中Although引导的让步状语从句，表达非常高级。 V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52. 这道菜食材寻常，做法简单，却异常美味。（Despite）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Despite its common ingredients and simple preparation, the dish is exceptionally delicious. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和时态。根据提示，用介词Despite，表示“尽管”之意，后接名词形式。“食材寻常”翻译为common ingredients；“做法简单”翻译为simple preparation；“这道菜”翻译为the dish；“异常”用副词exceptionally；“美味”用形容词delicious。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为Despite its common ingredients and simple preparation, the dish is exceptionally delicious. 53. 百年前的农田，如今是集休闲娱乐于一体的公共服务空间。（integrate）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The farmland of a hundred years ago has now been transformed into a public service space that integrates leisure and entertainment. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态、语态和定语从句。强调过去事情对现在造成的影响，所以主句用现在完成时。“百年前”翻译为 a hundred years ago；“农田”用名词farmland，在句中作主语；“如今是”及“如今转变为”，用短语transform into，且与主语之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态；“公共服务空间”翻译为public service space，后接定语从句，且在定语从句中作主语，所以可用关系代词that引导；“集……一起”用动词integrate；“休闲娱乐”翻译为leisure and entertainment；从句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为The farmland of a hundred years ago has now been transformed into a public service space that integrates leisure and entertainment. 54. 中华文化的很多细节就藏在日常生活中的方方面面，等着人们去发现它的美。（wait）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Many details of Chinese culture are hidden in every aspect of daily life, waiting for people to discover its beauty. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态、语态和非谓语动词。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。“中华文化的很多细节”翻译为Many details of Chinese culture，在句中作主语；“藏”用动词hide，与主语之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态；“方方面面”翻译为in every aspect；“日常生活”翻译为daily life；“等待某人做某事”用短语wait for sb. to do sth.，在句中作状语，所以用现在分词形式；“发现”用动词discover；“美”用名词beauty。故翻译为Many details of Chinese culture are hidden in every aspect of daily life, waiting for people to discover its beauty. 55. 移动支付软件的适老化改造效果显著，不少老人已经开始习惯在日常购物时用这些软件支付。（be used to）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The adaptation of mobile payment software for the elderly has achieved remarkable results. Quite a few elderly people have begun to be used to paying with these software in their daily shopping. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和时态。根据句意，用现在完成时态。“移动支付软件”翻译为mobile payment software；“适应”用名词adaptation，在句中作主语；“老年人”翻译为 the elderly；“效果显著” 翻译为 remarkable results；“不少老人”翻译为Quite a few elderly people；“开始做某事”用短语begin to do sth.；“习惯于做某事”用短语be used to doing sth.；“用这些软件支付”翻译为pay with these software；“日常购物” 翻译为in their daily shopping。故翻译为The adaptation of mobile payment software for the elderly has achieved remarkable results. Quite a few elderly people have begun to be used to paying with these software in their daily shopping. VI. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友Tom的邮件(如下所示)。根据他在邮件中的问题回复一封邮件。 Subject: Seeking Advice for Gap Year Plans in Shanghai Hi Li Ming, I hope you’re well! I’m planning to spend my gap year in Shanghai and am unsure whether to find a part-time job or focus on sightseeing. Could you advise on which option might be more beneficial? And why do you think so? Your insights would be really valuable as I make my plans. Thanks in advance for your help! Best, Tom _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear that you are planning to spend your gap year in Shanghai. As for your dilemma, I think finding a part-time job would be more beneficial. Firstly, working part-time can help you improve your communication skills and build a network of contacts. It also gives you a taste of the local working culture. Secondly, you can earn some money to support your future travels or other activities. Of course, sightseeing is also great, but it might not bring as many practical benefits as a part-time job. However, you can still do some sightseeing during your days off. Hope my advice is helpful to you. Looking forward to hearing about your wonderful gap year in Shanghai! Yours, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好友Tom写封信，就其打算在上海度过间隔年一事给出自己的建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 计划：plan to→ intend to 首先：firstly→ first of all 提高：improve→ enhance 有帮助的：be helpful→ be of help 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Firstly, working part-time can help you improve your communication skills and build a network of contacts. It also gives you a taste of the local working culture. 拓展句：Firstly, working part-time can help you improve your communication skills and build a network of contacts, which also gives you a taste of the local working culture. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m glad to hear that you are planning to spend your gap year in Shanghai.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】As for your dilemma, I think finding a part-time job would be more beneficial.（运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$