Unit 4 学案 2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents? 学案一 1. allow (v.) 允许；准许 (1) allow sth. The law doesn’t allow such an action. 法律不允许如此的行为。 (2) allow sb to do sth. 允许某人做某事 My parents don’t allow me ___________ (hang) out with my friends. (3) allow doing sth. 允许做某事 Our school doesn’t allow ____________ (smoke) in the school. *(4) sb. be (not) allowed to do sth.某人（不）被允许做某事 The students aren’t allowed ____________ (smoke) in our school. 2. wrong (adj.) (1) wrong错误的--right/correct正确的 (2) 复习：怎么了？ What’s ___________? =What’s ___________? = What’s ____________ ___________? = What’s ____________ ____________? 3. look through 快速查看；浏览 look through it/the book (此处through为介词，宾语都要放其后。） I found my sister looking through my things yesterday. Look through the passage quickly and try to answer my questions. 4. guess (v.) 猜测；估计 (1) guess + sth. guess a riddle 猜谜 He guessed the answer to the teacher’s question. (2) guess + 从句 Guess how much it costs. I guessed that he was at least over forty. (3) I guess ... 在口语中相当于I think (我想；我估计；我认为) I guess you could tell her to say sorry. It’s going to rain, I guess. (4) 我猜是这样的。__________ ____________ ___________. 我猜不是这样的。__________ ____________ ____________. 类似用法：I’m afraid so. -- I’m afraid not. 5. deal (1) (n.) 协议；交易 I had a deal with him last week. (2) big deal 重要的事情或状况 Although she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal. It’s not a big deal. = It’s___________ _________ deal.不是大事情。 (3) (v.) deal -- dealt -- dealt deal with sb./sth. “处理；应付；对待” He is hard to deal __________. 他这个人不容易应付。 你如何处理你的错误？ What do you do with your mistake? = __________ do you __________ with your mistake? 6. work out 解决（问题）；成功地发展改善（状况） Hope things work out. The ideas he came up with worked out fine=worked out well. 他想出来的办法很有用。 work it/them out 学案二 7. get on with 和睦相处；关系良好 (1) get on well/ badly with sb. = get along well/ badly with sb. 和某人相处得好/不好 My problem is that I can’t get on with my family. 我的问题是我不能和家人好好相处。 She is so kind that she gets on well with all her classmates. = She is so kind that she __________ __________ __________ _________ all her classmates. (2) get on/ along with sth. 事物进展 Mike is getting on/along well with his schoolwork this term. 迈克这学期功课不错。 (3) How is it going? = How are you getting on? 事情进展如何？（你近来如何？） 8. communication (1) (n.) 交流；沟通 It’s the only communication they have. Communication with people who are deaf is difficult. (2) communicate (v.) communicate with sb 与某人联系；沟通 Why don’t you sit down and communicate ___________ your brother? =Why don’t you sit down and have a _______________with your brother? 9. argue (1) argue (v.) -- arguing -- argued 争吵；争论 When they argue, it’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home. 当他们争吵的时候，就像是有一朵大的乌云飘浮在家里。 argue with sb about sth.关于某事和某人争吵 The boy argued _____________ his mother ____________ his homework. (2) argument (n.) have an argument (with sb.) about sth. They are having an ________________ (with each other) about their children’s study. =They ________________ (with each other) about their children’s study. 10. elder (adj.) 年纪较长的（血缘关系） elder brother/sister -- younger brother/sister 复习比较older&elder: 我姐姐比我大三岁。 My ___________ sister is three years ___________than I. 11. instead (1) (adv.) 代替；反而；却；可单独使用，置于句首或句末。 Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night. =He watches whatever he wants until late at night, instead. 然而他可以看他想看的（节目）直到晚上很晚。 (2)instead of引导平行结构：(即前后词性一致) ♥ instead of + (n.) I gave him advice instead of money. 我给他建议而不是钱。 ♥ instead of + (pron.) Will you go to the party instead of me?你可以代替我去宴会吗？ ♥ instead of + (adj.) Things are now better instead of worse.事情变好了而不是变糟糕了。 ♥ instead of + (prep. phrase介词词组) We’ll have tea in the garden instead of in the room. 我们将在花园里喝茶而不是在房间里。 ♥instead of + doing sth. We should give Jim a hand instead of __________(laugh) at him. 我们应该帮助吉姆而不是嘲笑他。 12. whatever (pron.) 任何；每一； (1) 引导主语从句 Whatever she did was right. 无论她做的什么都是对的。 (2) 引导宾语从句 Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night. 注意：以上由whatever引导的属名词性从句，不能用no matter what句型进行替换. (3)引导让步状语从句，可以用 no matter what句型进行替换。 Whatever the teacher says, these students always believe deeply. = _________ _________ _________ the teacher says, these students believe deeply. 不管老师说什么，学生们都深信不疑。 *类似用法：whichever、whoever、whenever、wherever、however 学案三 13. offer (v.) 主动提出；自愿给予 (1) offer to do sth. If your parents are having problems, you should offer ___________(help). (2) offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 把某物自愿给某人 The little boy offered his seat to an old lady on the bus. He offered us several tickets.=He offers several tickets _____________ us. 注意：offer it to me (√) --> offer me it (×) 14. secondly (adv.) 第二；其次 Secondly, why don’t you sit down and communicate with your brother? 常用：first(ly)... , second(ly)... , third(ly)... 15. explain (1) (v.) 解释；说明 explain sth to sb 向某人解释某事 The teacher explained the problem to the class. 注意：explain后不能直接带间接宾语。The teacher explained the class the problem. (×) (2) explain+宾语从句 You should explain that you don’t mind him watching TV all the time. He explained why he was late for the meeting. (3) explain+疑问代副词+ to do 你能向我说明一下如何做这道数学题吗？ Can you explain __________ __________ how _________ _________ this math problem? (4) explanation (n.) He refused our advice without any explanation. 16. clear (adj.) 清楚易懂的；晴朗的 --> clearly (adv.) 清楚地；明白地 (1) make sth clear to sb 使某事被某人充分理解 I tried my best to make it clear to him. (2) The weather has cleared up. 天放晴；(烟雾)消散 = ________ _______ to him. (3) loud and clear 清楚响亮 17. copy (1) (v.) 抄袭；模仿；复制；复印 copies; copied copy others’ homework 抄作业 copy the ideas 抄袭（别人的）想法 (2) (n.) 复制件；副本；拷贝 copies (pl.) Please send a copy of your ID card. 请发一张你身份证复印件。 18. return (1) (vt.) = give ... back “归还某物” My cousin borrows my things without returning them. return sth to sb = return sb sth 请把钱还给我。 Please __________ the money ___________ me. =Please __________ ________ the money. = Please __________ the money ____________ ____________ me. 注意：return sth back to sb (×) 此处加back就重复了。 (2) (vi.) = go/come/get back “返回(某地)” I’m afraid I have to return to the office now. go back to the office now. (3) (n.) “返还”；“归来”；“报答” I want to do something in return for your kindness. 我想做点事情来回报你的善良。 19. anymore = any more (adv.) 再也(不)；(不)再 (1) not ... anymore = not any longer “不再......” Your best friend does not trust you anymore/ any more/ any longer. 你最好的朋友不再相信你。 (2) no more = no longer “不再......”；“再也不”。no more一般位于句末；而no longer 除了可位于句末外，还可用于实义动词之前、助动词、系动词及情态动词之后。 I will see him no longer/no more. = I will no longer see him. =I won’t see him any more/anymore/any longer. 我将再不见他。 (3) 注意：当指事物数量上的“不再有......”时，只能用no more，不能用no longer。 There is ________ ________ food left in the fridge. 冰箱里没有剩余的食物。 学案四 20. compete (v.) 竞争；对抗 competition (n.) 竞争 -- competitor (n.)竞争者 -- competitive (adj.) 充满竞争的； compete with sb. 和某人竞争 I have to compete ___________ my classmates at school. 21. opinion (1) (c)n. 意见;看法 give an opinion about…发表一个关于…的看法 have different opinions (2) in one’s opinion 依某人看来；某人认为 ____________ my opinion, it’s important for us to protect the earth. 22. cut out sth. 删除；删去 cut it/them out I could cut out a few of their activities. 我可以减去他们的一些活动。 23. quick (adj.) 快的；迅速的 have a quick dinner quickly (adv.) 迅速地 have dinner quickly 学案五 24. continue (vi./vt.) (continued-continuing) (1) (使)持续；继续存在 The fighting continued for a week. He will continue his education in the US. (2) continue with sth. = go on with sth. 继续某事 Continuing with the discussion is meaningless. 继续讨论是没有意义的。 (3) continue to do = continue doing = keep on doing 继续做 生完小孩以后，她继续工作。 She continued ___________/__________ __________ after she had a baby. =She kept on ____________after she had a baby. (work) 复习：go on to do 是停下来后继续做和之前不同的事情。 go on doing是停下来后继续做和之前相同的事情。 (4) to be continued 未完待续 25. compare (v.) 比较 (compared-comparing) (1) compare A with/to/ B 把A和B作比较 You are always comparing your kid with/to/ other kids.你总是把自己的孩子和别人家的比。 (2) compare A to B 把A比作B We often compare teachers to gardeners. 我们常把老师比作园丁。 *(3) compared with/to… 与…相比 Compared with/to him, you are lucky. 跟他相比，你是幸运的。 Exercise: Don’t compare me _________ Rex. I am not good at playing soccer at all. A.to B.with C. for D. A and B 26. crazy (adj.) 疯狂的；不理智的 It’s crazy to compare them with other children. be crazy about … 对……疯狂；着迷 She is crazy about English. 27. push (v.) -- pushes (1) 推；推动 ←反→ pull (v.) 拉；拖动 Don’t push this door. You have to pull it open. 不要推门。你得拉开它。 (2) 使努力；鞭策；督促 People shouldn’t push their kids too hard. 人们不应该把孩子们逼得太紧。 28. development (1) development (n.) 发展；发育；成长 With the development of science, Internet will be used more widely. 随着科学的发展，互联网将会被更广泛地使用。 (2) developed (adj.) 发达的；已经发展的 developing (adj.) 发展中的 中国是发展中国家，美国是发达国家。 China is a _____________ country while America is a ____________ one. (3) develop (v.) （使）发展；成长 Science made it possible for our country to develop a lot. The relationship between Lily and me developed quickly. 29. cause (1) cause (v.) 造成；引起 cause a fire/ an accident 引起火灾/造成事故 All these activities can cause a lot of stress for children. cause sb. sth. = cause sth. to sb. 给某人造成…... He caused his parents too much trouble. = He caused too much trouble ________ his parents. cause sth./sb to do 促使；引起……做…… The war caused prices ___________ (go) up. 战争引起物价上涨。 (2) cause (n.) 起因 the cause of... 事故的起因是什么？ What ___________ the accident? = What was the ___________ __________the accident? 注意：What’s the reason for being late? 30. usual (adj.) 通常的；寻常的 ←反→ unusual 不同寻常的 usually (adv.) 通常地 a usual day; an unusual experience do sth. as usual 像平常一样做某事 I got up early as usual. 31. perhaps (adv.) 可能；大概 放于句首、句中(v.前be后)或位于句末表示语气补充。 Perhaps children won’t understand their parents now. The last question is perhaps the most difficult. He lost hundreds of dollars, perhaps thousands. Textbook: 1. get into a fight with sb -- have a fight with sb = fight with sb与某人打架 fight (v.) --fought They fight a lot, and I really don’t like it. P27 此处fight为“吵架；(激烈)的争吵”之意 2. Sad and Thirteen“伤心13” 3. It’s not easy being your age. 你这个年龄(生活)是不容易的。P27 4. You shouldn’t wait until the last minute to study for a test. P28你不应该等到最后一分钟才开始学习备考。 5. You should just be yourself. 你应该就做你自己。P28 6. Kids should have time to relax and think for themselves. P3孩子们应该有时间来放松和为他们自己去思考。 7. the Taylors 泰勒一家 P30 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$