Unit 2 学案 2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级下册

一、Grammar Unit 2 学案一 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 动词不定式：非谓语动词的一种形式，通常由“to + 动词原形”构成，其中 to 是动词不定式符号，在有些情况下可以省略，动词不定式的否定形式为 not to + 动词原形。 (1) 动词不定式在句子中可以作宾语、宾语补足语、状语、主语、定语、表语，没有人称和数的变化。 Eg.: Tony decided to help the homeless people. (宾语) Mr. Li told us to listen carefully in class. (宾补) His words made me feel happy. (宾补，省 to) She is too young to look after herself. (状语，表目的) To give is better than to take. (主语) He is the first man to walk on the moon. (定语) My dream is to be a policeman. (表语) (2) 感官动词(see, feel, watch, hear)和使役动词(let, make, have)后不定式省 to。I saw the teacher get out just now. The boss made the kids work 10 hours a day. (3) 疑问词(what, which, who, how, when, where 等)+动词不定式 I don’t know what to do next.= I don’t know what I can do next. 练习： ① — What are you going to do tonight? — I plan Days of Our Past. A. watch B. watching C. to watch D. watched ② We must do everything we can waste water from running into rivers. A. prevent B. prevented C. preventing D. to prevent ③ Our teacher often advises us such meaningless books. A. reading B. to read C. not to read D. read ④ Her father went to Beijing (have) a meeting. ⑤ He wants to know where he can go. = He wants to know where . 2. 短语动词(动词+介词；动词+副词) (1) 动词+介词: 相当于及物动词，其后可跟宾语，宾语在介词之后。 ask for; look at; look for; look after; take after; come from; hear from; think of; depend on; wait for 等等 He lost his wallet. He is looking for it now. (2) 动词+副词: 代词放在短语中间。 cheer up; clean up; fix up; give away; give out; give up; pick out; put up; take away; work out; look up 等等 The news can cheer up everybody, but cannot cheer him up. Unit 2 学案二 二、Words 1. clean ① v. 打扫 clean (up) Let me clean up the broken glass before someone walks on it. The students took turns to their classroom. 学生们轮流打扫教室。 clean sp. up = clean up sp. clean it/them up Please clean your room up.= Please clean up . There is some broken glass on the ground. Please clean . ② adj. 干净的 clean- cleaner- cleanest We should keep the classroom clean. 2. cheer v. 欢呼；喝彩 cheer up sb. = cheer sb. up 使某人变高兴，振奋起来 Cheer up! The trouble will soon be over. Lucy looks unhappy. Let’s go and cheer . 3. give out 分发；散发 hand out 分发 Please help me to give/hand out these test papers. They took a lot of food and gave to the kids. give 的其他短语： give away 捐赠 give back 归还 give up 放弃 give in 屈服 give off 发出；放出 4. volunteer ① v. 自愿做 volunteer for sth. We volunteer for the work in the club. volunteer to do sth. He always volunteers to do the most dangerous work. ② n. 志愿者 I’d like to be a volunteer for the Olympics. 5. come up with 想出；提出(主意、计划等), 后常接 idea, plan, solution, advice 等名词，相当于 think of We must come up with (think of) a good idea to solve the problem. He ( ) a new plan at last. catch up with 赶上 keep up with 紧跟 end up with 以...结束 6. put off 推迟 put off sth/ doing sth They put off the picnic because of rain. Many students put off doing their homework until the last minute. You needn’t go to the piano lesson. I put it off. 关于 put 的常见短语： put up 举起；张贴；搭建 put on 穿上 put out 扑灭 put away 把...放好 Unit 2 学案三 7. notice ① cn. 通知，警示牌 There was a notice on the door. It reads “The shop is closed.” un. 注意 take notice of… take no notice of… You need to take notice of what the teacher said. ② v. 注意到, 意识到 Do you notice a stranger over there? notice sb. do sth I noticed him (leave) the classroom. notice sb. doing sth She noticed that boy (follow) her. 8. hand out 分发 hand in 上交 There are some exercise books on the desk. Do I need to hand them out? At first , they some leaflets to tell people about the book sale. I handed in the watch to the police. 9. call up (给…)打电话 He called up the police station. When I'm in Chengdu, I will . 我每到成都,都给他打电话。动词+up 常用短语： cut up dress up make up pick up give up stay up take up use up wake up look up fix up 10. used to [ˈju: st] 过去常常+ 动词原形 (用于过去时态，没有人称和数的变化) Mr. Wu used to walk after dinner. I used to go fishing with my father when we lived in the village. Did you use to swim in the lake near the village? Yes, I did. ＊区别： be used to do sth 被用来做某事 The basket is used to carry these apples. be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 My grandparents are used to living in the countryside. The old man live in the village but now he the life in the city. A. used to B. is used to 11. lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的 ① lonely adj. 偏僻的/荒凉的 a lonely island/village 孤独的（强调情感上的孤独） feel lonely ② alone adj./adv. 独自 on one’s own/by oneself（强调客观上的独自） Lisa was alone at home yesterday. Please leave me alone. I don’t want to talk to anyone. The old man lives alone but he never feels lonely. He likes living alone. = He likes living on his own. = He likes living by himself. The girl feel (alone/ lonely) when she left her friends and studied abroad. 12. care for Unit 2 学案四 ① 照顾；照料 ( look after/ take care of ) She cared for her sick daughter patiently. ② 喜欢 He doesn’t care for skating. 13. several 表示 “几个”, 相当于 some My friend speaks several languages. We stayed at home for several days. 14. strong adj. 反义词 weak adj. 虚弱的 ① 强壮的 He’s such a strong man that he can lift a car. ② 强大的 China used to be the strongest country. ③ 强烈的 a strong wind, a strong feeling of satisfaction ④ strongly adv. 强烈地 I strongly believe that we will win the match. 15. feeling n. 感受 ① a strong feeling of satisfaction/sadness ② feel v. 觉得(+ adj.) She felt unhappy yesterday. I know her feeling.= I know how she feels. 16. satisfaction n. 满足；满意 ① satisfaction n. He accepted the present with satisfaction. to one’s satisfaction 令人满意的是 To my satisfaction, you passed the exam. ② satisfy v. 使... 满意 We need to come up with a good idea to satisfy these children. You can’t satisfy everybody. What you said him at last. ③ satisfying adj. 令人满意的 a satisfying result satisfied adj. (感到)满意的 be/feel satisfied with... They were satisfied with the new house. Are you the news? = Do you the news? 17. joy n. 高兴，愉快 ① the look of joy 高兴的表情 to one’s joy 让某人高兴的是 To our joy, Chinese team won the football match at last. ② joyful adj. 高兴的 a joyful moment 18. owner n. 物主，拥有者 Who’s the owner of the villa? own v. 拥有 = Who the villa? on one’s own= by oneself Students should finish their homework on their own/ by themselves. Unit 2 学案五 19. try out ① 参加……选拔 try out for sth She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. Lots of talents try out for Super Brain. Why not the school football team? ② 试用 I’m going to try out a new car tomorrow. 20. journey n.（尤指长途）旅行，行程 I hope that you can go on the journey with us. Helen went on a journey to Paris. Life is a long journey from birth to death. 辨析 journey/travel/trip/tour journey: n. 一般指陆地上进行的长途旅行 He made a journey to Mount Tai last month. travel: v./n. 泛指各地旅行，路途远，时间长 Did you go to Tokyo during your travel? trip: n. 通常指往返定时的短途旅行 I want to take a trip to Sanya for several days. tour: v./n. 多指观光，环游 She went on a tour around the world. 21. raise v. ① 募集，征集 We are raising money for charity. ② 举起 He raised his hand and wanted to ask the teacher a question. ③ 提升 He got angry and raised his voice. The only way is to raise prices. ④ 饲养，喂养 The farmer raises cows and sheep. 22. repair v. 修理；修复 I have to repair my car this Sunday. He needs to do lots of things to repair the relationship with his friend. 近义词： fix, mend Lily is learning to mend the broken clothes. There was something wrong with the TV set. I fixed it up.= I repaired it. 23. fix v. 修理; 安装；固定 fixes, fixing, fixed The workers are fixing the machine. A kind man helped me to fix my car. fix up 修理 I can fix them up. 24. take after (外貌或性格)像 The girl doesn’t take after her mother at all. She is really kind. look like (外貌)像 He looks like his uncle. 近义短语 be similar to Unit 2 学案六 25. broken adj. 破损的，残缺的 The window is broken. Broken glass is very dangerous. Don’t touch the ( break ) cup. It may hurt you. break v. 破坏 broke-broken She broke her leg in an accident. 26. set up 建起；设立 (组织，机构，团体等) set v. set; setting They set up a new company. Gu Tianle set up many schools in the countryside. —What should we do for the disabled children in the Children’s Home? —You should an organization to help them. A. take up B. fix up C. set up D. come up with 27. disabled adj. 丧失能力的，有残疾的 It’s our duty to help disabled people. the + adj. 表示这一类人 The disabled need help when they are in trouble. 28. blind adj. 瞎的，失明的 He got blind because of an accident when he was two. be blind in He is blind in his right eye. The blind/deaf need good care. 29. deaf adj. 聋的 The blind and the deaf are both disabled people. 30. imagine v. 想象，设想 imagine sth/ doing sth I can hardly imagine the life without Internet. Did you imagine becoming a pilot? We can’t imagine what will happen next. imagination un.想象力 She has plenty of imagination. 31. difficulty cn./un. 困难 It’s common to have all kinds of difficulties in life. have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 =have trouble/ problems in doing sth.=have a hard/difficult time in doing sth. Do you have difficulty in raising a big family? He has no difficulty in studying math. Trust him! He has no difficulty (work) out the problem. difficult adj. 困难的 It’s difficult for sb to do sth. Doing sth is difficult for sb It’s difficult for me to carry such heavy things. = Carrying such heavy things is difficult for me. 32. open Unit 2 学案七 ① v. 打开 opens; opening; opened 反义词 close Open the window, please. If she opens the box, she will see the ring inside. A new restaurant opened last week. ② adj. 打开的 反义词 closed The shop is closed now. It’s not open on weekends. Some people sleep with their eyes open. I like to keep the window open. 33. carry v. 背，拿，运送，装载，携带 carries; carrying; carried Who’s carrying the heaviest bag? He carried the child to a safe place. Let me help you carry some books. A bus often carries more than 50 people. Some animals may carry the dangerous virus. 34. train v. 训练 n. 火车 train sb. (to do sth.) He is training the dog. We want to train these kids to play soccer well. training n. 训练 After the training, he can walk slowly now. a six-month training 35. excited adj. 兴奋的，激动的 be excited at/about I was very excited about the good news. be excited to do sth. She was excited to hear the news. The students were (excite) because of the match. exciting adj. 令人兴奋的，精彩的 excitement n. 兴奋 do sth. with excitement 36. kindness un. 仁慈，善良 He helped me because of his kindness. Thanks to your kindness, I found the lost wallet. -ness 名词后缀，illness, happiness, carelessness, sadness, kind adj. 善良的 be kind to sb= be friendly to sb 37. clever-cleverer-cleverest adj. 聪明的 近义词 smart 反义词 stupid，foolish He is a clever boy. Unit 2 学案八 38. understand v. 理解,明白 understood misunderstand- misunderstood v. 误解 My mom can’t understand English/what I said. I understand why he did this. understanding adj. 善解人意的 She is an understanding girl. 39. change ① v. 改变 Our country is changing better and better. Internet changed our life. You don’t change at all. change one’s mind/ idea/ opinion/decision ② cn. 变化 Great changes took place in my hometown last year.= My hometown changed a lot last year. Do you notice his change? ③ un. 零钱 Here is your change. 40. interest ① interest v. 使... 感兴趣 sth interest sb = sth make sb interested The toys interest my son. = The toys make my son interested. ② n. 兴趣 sb have/ show/ take (great/ no) interest in sth/ doing. He has no interest in that. places of interest 名胜古迹 I visited many places of interest. ③ interested adj. 感兴趣的 interesting adj. 有趣的 sb be/ get/ become (very/ much) interested in sth/ doing. Are you interested in English? This is such an interesting book that I want to read it again. 三、课文重点语句： 1. She could read by herself at the age of four. (P11, 3a) by oneself 独自；靠自己 He finished all the work by himself. More and more students choose online courses and studied by themselves. at the age of 在...岁时= when sb was ...(years old). I could swim at the age of five.= I could swim when I was five years old. 2. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. (P14, 2b) make it +adj. (for sb.)+ to do sth. it 为形式宾语Exercise makes it easy for people to keep healthy. 有此类用法的动词还有：feel, find, consider, think 等等 I feel it possible to get there before 8 o’clock. I think it difficult to set up a hospital in such a short time. 3. I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people. 含有两个宾语从句的复合句。 was set up 被动语态的过去时。 4. a friend of mine helped me out. 我的一个朋友帮我脱离了困境。 a friend of mine 双重所有格 a friend of my father’s 5. give sb orders, 给某人下命令 order n. 命令，take/ follow/ break one’s order , order sb to do 命令某人做某事 6. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. (P14) make a difference 影响，有作用 make a big/a great deal of/a lot of difference 对产生...巨大的影响 What a difference a day makes! make no difference to 对… 没有影响 $$