专题03 阅读理解之议论文（期末真题好题速递）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末真题分类汇编（广东专用）

专题03 阅读理解之议论文 （一） （21-22高二上·广东中山·期末）How is it that the United States spends the most money on healthcare, and yet still has the one of the lowest life expectancies（预期寿命）of all developed nations? To find it out, researchers from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health looked at the great influence of healthy habits on life expectancy, using data on a huge number of people over a very long period of time. What is a healthy lifestyle, exactly? 1. Healthy diet, which was calculated and rated based on the reported intake of healthy foods like vegetables, fruits, nuts, whole grains, healthy fats, and omega-3 fatty acids. 2. Healthy physical activity level, which was measured as at least 30 minutes per day of activity 3. Healthy body weight defined as a normal body mass index（BMI）（身体质量指数）which is between 18.5 and 24.9. 4. Smoking, well, there is no healthy amount of smoking. "Healthy" here meant never having smoked. Does a healthy lifestyle make a difference? Absolutely yes. According to this analysis, people who had all the four habits enjoyed impressively longer lives than those who had none: 14 years for women and 12 years for men（if they had these habits at age 50）. Just one healthy habit（and it didn't matter which one）...just one... increased life expectancy by two years in men and women. Not surprisingly, the more healthy habits people had, the longer their life. So what's our（big）problem? As the researchers point out, in the US we tend to spend more on developing fancy drugs and other treatments for diseases, rather than on trying to prevent them. This is a big problem. Experts have suggested that the best way to help people make healthy diet and lifestyle change is through public health efforts and policy changes. 1．How did researchers study the influence of healthy habits on life expectancy? A．By analysing data. B．By raising questions. C．By exchanging information D．By comparing developed countries. 2．Which person might have a healthy lifestyle according to the passage? A．A translator who exercises 2 hours a week. B．A librarian who smokes, but not heavily. C．A steward who drinks wine every day. D．A shop assistant whose BMI is 19.5. 3．What is the big problem in the US according to the researchers? A．Changing laws related to lifestyle. B．Reducing money on treating patients. C．Staying focused on drug development. D．Spending much on disease prevention. （二） （19-20高二上·广东珠海·期末）It seems that you can hardly go to any bookstore without encountering Charles Dickens. From Oliver Twist to A Tale of Two Cites, Dickens’ works still enjoy great popularity today and are placed on notable shelves. As someone who teaches Dickens, the question of why we still read him is often on my min. Nearly 10 years ago, I told my students that Dickens, works started crazes in Victorian readers. Then a hand shot up in the middle of the room. “But why should we still read his stuff?” A student asked. I was speechless because I had never considered the question myself. The answer I gave was only acceptable. “Because he teaches you how to think,” I said. The question annoyed me for years, and for years I told myself answers, but never with complete satisfaction. We read Dickens because he not only was a man of his own times, but also is a man for our times. We read Dickens because his exploration of the human mind is deep. We read Dickens because we can learn from the experiences of his characters. These are all wonderful reasons, but not exactly the reasons why I read Dickens. My search for an answer continued in vain, until one day a text message came from a student of mine. “We still read Dickens’ novels,” she wrote, “because they tell us why we are what we are.” Simple as it was, that was the explanation I had thought for years. Like most people, I think I knew who I was without knowing it. I was Oliver Twist, always wanting and asking for more. I was Nicholas Nickleby, convinced that my father was watching me from beyond the grave. I was Pip, in love with someone far beyond my reach. I was all of these characters, and I began to understand more about why I was who I was because Dickens had told me so much about human beings. Dickens shines a light on who we are during the best and worst of times. That’s why we still need to read him today. 4．What does the underlined word “encountering” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Focusing on B．Coming across C．Appealing to D．Subscribing to 5．What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A．There was a heated discussion about Dickens. B．The author was annoyed by the rude student. C．The author wasn’t satisfied with his own answer. D．None of the students showed interest in Dickens. 6．Why do we have to read his books? A．Because he teaches us how to think. B．Because he is the best writer of his day. C．Because his language is easy to understand. D．Because we can know why we are what we are. 7．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The benefits of reading Dickens’ novels. B．The reason why we still read Dickens today. C．The great influence Dickens has on teenagers. D．The reason why Dickens enjoys great popularity. （三） （21-22高二上·广东珠海·期末）In October, 2019, Beijing Daily warned the youth that they shouldn't let Internet slang （俚语） deepen the generation gap（代沟），after People Daily started a discussion on Chinese microblog Weibo on how to "explain" the youth's Internet slang terms to parents. The post got 40,000 likes. People were commenting that they couldn't keep up with the rapidly developing Internet lingo （术语）in China. People also fear that Chinese Internet slang will negatively influence broader linguistic （语言的） trends of Mandarin Chinese, in particular, the gradual taking over of pinyin, the romanization of traditional Chinese characters using the Western alphabet. As pinyin gets widely used when people text or write on mobile phones or computers, while less and less people write characters by hand, people gradually forget how to write them, which is called "character amnesia" in China. 2019’s latest slang terms add a further simplification: the use of pinyin acronyms. "Awsl"  in pinyin, for instance, means Ah, wo si le (Oh, I'm gonna die), and is used if something is too cute or adorable. "Nsdd" stands for ni shuo de dui (you're right). Certainly, as an age-old written language, Chinese has been evolving and developing over the years. But the Chinese Internet lingo is unlikely to replace the existing use of Mandarin Chinese, but will rather be enriching it by adding another layer. Acronyms aren't new. They have appeared with the limited space available in early-generation cell phone messaging. Some of them have become a part of the English language, such as BTW (by the way) and LOL (laugh out loud), while others had a rather short lifetime. That's likely to be what's going to happen with China's Internet slang terms. Some are going to be old in a few weeks, while others might make it into mainstream use, and as they do, young net users are coming up with new slang words to differentiate themselves. In China, using Internet slang means belonging to a certain generation that likes to watch the same talk shows, play the same games, etc., and therefore, creates unity. Older generations don't have to feel left out, and certainly don't have to fear a degradation (没落)of the Chinese language. While language development is unavoidable, Internet slang is not going to let 6,000 years of Chinese written language completely change overnight. 8．The public are worried about Chinese Internet slang abuse because A．It's used by children to keep secrets from parents. B．It can cause confusion even among young people. C．It was invented in response to the limited messaging space. D．It will rarely have a positive effect on linguistic trends of Chinese. 9．How do Chinese Internet slang terms affect the Chinese language? A．They add variety to the language. B．They are replacing its traditional vocabulary. C．They make the language more global. D．They only have temporary effects on Chinese. 10．By using Internet slang in China, people may get. A．a sense of purpose B．a sense of group identity C．a sense of cultural pride D．a sense of safety 11．Which could be the best title for the passage? A．Is Media Helping Older Generation Understand Internet Slang? B．Is Chinese Language Too Powerful to Be Largely Affected? C．Is Mandarin Chinese Useful to Bridge the Generation Gap? D．Is Internet Slang Deepening the Generation Gap, Ruining Chinese? （四） （22-23高二上·广东佛山·期末）We’re frequently told that our attention problem-being easily distracted-result from modern technology. If we truly want to focus, according to the popular belief, we need to turn off all our digital devices and quit social media. Here’s my opinion about that idea. This era(时代)is no different than any other-there has always been a “crisis of attention”. Think about life long ago: people in ancient India or Europe didn’t have smartphones and social media, but they were faced with the same problem. A crisis of attention can happen anytime you don’t allow yourself a break-when you don’t allow your mind to daydream, which may inspire your creativity. We are always engaged in something. With these digital tools at our fingertips, we have constant access to all these forms of communication, content, and interaction, and we don’t let our thoughts wander(漫游)freely. When was the last time you stood in line at a store and just…looked around? Thought about whatever came to your mind? Or did you pull out your phone, check your texts, read your email during that time? We all do it. We catch ourselves all the time going from one type of mental engagement to the next. Like surfing online (clicking from link to link), we go from one task to the next and the next. We are “all task and no downtime”. Even something you might think of as relaxing is more engagement. Checking your phone messages may seem “fun”, but it’s just another task for your attention. Your attention is focused on task after task after task, without a moment for the mind to wander freely. It’s not always realistic to unplug. We can’t just turn off our phones and pause our email. We can’t create a distraction-free world. The problem is not the existence(存在)of modern technology; rather, it’s how we’re using it. 12．Why does the author mention people in ancient India? A．To argue against the popular belief. B．To discuss the benefits of technology. C．To suggest a solution to the attention problem. D．To show the seriousness of the attention problem. 13．Which is an example of “downtime” according to the author? A．Chatting with friends. B．Reading a newspaper. C．Sitting back doing nothing. D．Checking phone messages. 14．What does the underlined word “unplug” mean in the last paragraph? A．Work long hours. B．Improve technology. C．Stop using digital devices. D．Balance work and leisure. 15．Which section of a website is the text most likely from? A．Culture. B．Fashion. C．History. D．Opinion. （五） （22-23高二上·广东茂名·期末）As a student at a medical school, Sam thinks poetry is a big part of his life, thanks to his new teacher, Rafael Campo, who believes poetry can benefit every doctor’s education and work. Rafael is a physician, professor and a highly respected poet. “Poetry is in every encounter with my patients. If we do anything when we’ re with our patients, we’re really immersed in their stories, really hearing their voices. And, certainly, that’s what a poem does, ” he said. Rafael worries that something important has been lost in medicine and medical education today: humanity, which he finds in poetry. To end that, he leads a weekly reading and writing workshop for medical students and residents. He thinks medical training focuses too much on distancing the doctor from his or her patients, and poems can help close that gap. Third-year resident Andrea Schwartz was one of the workshop regulars. She said, “I think there’s no other profession other than medicine that produces as many writers as it does. And I think that is because there’s just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest moments. ” Not everyone believes that’s what doctors should do, though. Rafael said, “I was afraid of how people might judge me, actually. In the medical profession, as many people know, we must always put the emergency first. But, you know, that kind of treatment, if it’s happening in the hospital, very regrettably, sadly, results in a bad outcome. The family is sitting by the bedside. The patient hasn’t survived the cancer. Don’t wve still have a role as healers there?” In a poem titled “Health”, Rafael writes of the wish to live forever in a world made painless by our incurable joy. He says he will continue teaching students, helping patients and writing poems, his own brand of medicine. 16．What does the underlined word “immersed” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Committed. B．Forced. C．Persuaded. D．Absorbed. 17．What does Andrea Schwartz think of poetry? A．It has nothing to do with doctors. B．It is mostly produced by doctors. C．It contributes to medical work. D．It keeps doctors away from patients. 18．Which words can best describe Rafael Campo? A．Capable and responsible. B．Gifted but overconfident. C．Honest and modest. D．Cold but respected. （六） （23-24高二上·广东东莞·期末）“Regrets, I’ve had a few. But still, I keep going forward with them,” a pop star sang in his song in 1969. The idea of the song is attractive: what’s done is done, so we should treat regrets properly and move on. Some people take a step further. They say they have no regrets at all and that life should be lived without looking back. It is easier said than done, though. In 2020, Professor Graham launched the World Regret Survey, the largest survey on the topic ever undertaken. With his research team, Graham asked more than 15,000 people in 105 countries, “How often do you look back on your life and wish you had done things differently?” 78 percent of them said that regrets are at least an occasional part of their life; roughly 21 percent said they feel regretful all the time. Only 1 percent said they never feel regretful. If you belong to the “no regrets” group, you might think that all regrets are the source of unhappiness. Although filling your life with regrets is indeed bad for you, going to the other extreme may be even worse. To get rid of your regrets doesn’t free you from shame or sorrow. Instead, it leads you to make the same mistakes again and again. To truly get over our guilt requires that we put regrets in their proper place. Your regrets can teach you to become smarter and more successful-if you let it. First, make a list of your regrets, note how you want to change your behavior, and outline your resolutions going forward. Next, list all the ways that you can invest in your own skills and get started right now. Life is a journey full of pleasures and pains. To live it well and fully means learning from every bit of it, including the mistakes, and moving forward. 19．What can we learn from the song in the first paragraph? A．The singer didn’t have any regret. B．The singer found regrets attractive. C．We should live a life without regrets. D．We should still move on with regrets. 20．What does the underlined part “going to the other extreme” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Having no regrets at all. B．Making the same mistakes. C．Getting rid of unhappiness. D．Feeling regretful in your life. 21．What is the author’s attitude towards regrets? A．Unconcerned. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Negative. （七） （23-24高二上·广东湛江·期末）Scientists have made great discoveries. But how have they influenced our personal lives? Do kids in your classroom even know when Einstein lived? You may be wondering: why is it important to teach kids stories about modern-day scientists? First, stories of scientists can encourage kids. Chris Hadfield is a Canadian who went to space, and he’s a real guitar-playing person. He makes singing videos on the website. His story can make kids think scientists are also common people. Hearing scientists’ stories makes kids think that they can do that too. But not only that, the stories of famous scientists can encourage kids to explore and never give up. Bill Nye was always refused when trying to be an astronaut. But up to now, he has made a lot of successes in his role as a popular science educator and engineer. Besides, it’s no secret that scientific discoveries require trying, and trying again. Another way some scientists can encourage kids is through their diversity. Neil deGrasse Tyson, for example, is an African-American, which is not common in his field. Such stories can make kids think anyone can be a scientist. It’s important to know that scientists don’t need to be “gifted” or “good” at school. Often we consider a scientist as being an extremely smart kid at school, which doesn’t have to be true. They just need to have a great interest in science. Telling students stories of scientists can encourage them to show interest in science. As long as they are interested, they are likely to become a scientist in the future. Modern scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation others have laid. This is important—no one can do it alone. Scientists’ stories can encourage today’s young scientists to keep trying. They’ll be encouraged not to give up on the dream of exploring and making discoveries. Even if they haven’t made important discoveries, their research may help the following scientists. 22．What can Chris Hadfield’s story tell students? A．Scientists are interested in different things. B．Students should have a hobby of their own. C．Scientists can be ordinary like people around us. D．Students should consider scientists as their models. 23．Which of the following will the author agree with? A．Scientists are not necessarily very smart at school. B．Not all scientists really show interest in science. C．Scientists are usually good at their schooling. D．African-Americans are more likely to become scientists. 24．What can be learned according to the last paragraph? A．Scientists should help each other. B．A scientist should never give up trying. C．Making discoveries is necessary for scientists. D．New scientific discoveries may be based on others’ findings. 25．What is the text mainly about? A．Why scientists are important to us. B．Why students love stories of scientists. C．Why scientists can make great discoveries. D．Why students should be taught stories about scientists. （八） （23-24高二上·广东深圳·期末）As online learning becomes more common and more and more resources are becoming digital form, some people have suggested that public libraries should be shut down and everyone should be given an iPad with an e-reader subscription. Supporters of this idea state that it will save money because libraries are expensive to maintain. They also believe it will encourage more people to read because they won’t have to travel to a library to get a book. They could also access more materials because libraries won’t have to buy physical copies of books. However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with tablets. First, digital books and resources are associated with less learning and more problems. A study done on tablet vs book reading found that people read 20-30% slower on tablets, obtain 20% less information, and understand 10% less of what they read compared to people who read the same information in print. Additionally, staring too long at a screen has been shown to cause more health problems, including dry eyes and headaches. Second, it is incredibly narrow-minded to assume that the only service libraries offer is book lending. Libraries can keep community connected. One neighborhood found that, after a local library community events, over a third of residents reported feeling more connected to their community. Similarly, a survey conducted in 2015 found that nearly two-thirds of American adults feel that closing their local library would have a major impact on their community. People see libraries as a way to connect with others, which tablets can’t offer nearly as well or as easily. While replacing libraries with tablets may seem like a simple solution, it would encourage people to spend even more time looking at digital screens. In many areas, libraries are such an important part of the community network that they could never be replaced by a simple object. 26．Why do people want to close libraries? A．To pursue economy and convenience. B．To promote e-books and subscription. C．To advocate e-reading and e-learning. D．To follow e-learning trend and fashion. 27．How does the author support his idea in Paragraph 3? A．By listing reasons. B．By giving examples. C．By doing experiments. D．By making comparisons. 28．What can people get from libraries? A．Information and solution. B．Encouragement and association. C．Efficiency and connection. D．Understanding and satisfaction. 29．Which is the suitable title for the passage? A．Books Grow Popular B．E-reading is a New Trend C．Libraries Still Matter a Lot D．Digital Screens Gain Popularity （九） （23-24高二上·广东揭阳·期末）What does music mean to you? Do you use it to help relieve stress, anxiety and fall asleep to? For many, the value of music is endless, and scientists and Nobel winners are no exception. From seeing problems in a new way to developing discipline (自律), expressing creativity to working as a team, music has helped many winners in both work and life. Music has often helped Nobel winners think and process scientific information in a new way. Albert Einstein was influenced by his mother who taught him to play the violin at a very early age. He was especially fond of Mozart, Bach and Schubert. For Einstein, music worked as a brainstorming technique to help him reflect on his theories and solve difficulties he met with. Einstein’s scientific ideas were often firstly created in the shape of images and intuition (直觉), which music later helped to turn into mathematics, logic (逻辑) and words. Besides helping them reflect on scientifically complex problems, music has helped Nobel winners learn discipline and the importance of a creative mind. For Thomas Südhof’s awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, music gave him important inputs and ideas. Südhof mostly enjoys classical music by masters like Mozart, which requires a creative mind as well as great discipline. It is said that these two factors shaped Südhof’s development as a scientist. Furthermore, the cooperation between the members of a music band can be compared with the team effort found within a research group. According to Medicine winner James Allison, it is necessary in both fields to build a team where each individual makes their own contribution to the overall work. However, it is important that the communication between the members work so smoothly that each individual also knows what needs to be done to achieve breakthroughs. As James Allison states, “Every now and then my lab has been as well tuned—it feels like a really good band”—the concept of great team work leading to great success can be applied to both science and music. 30．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Music inspires a team to work together. B．Music helps to relieve stress and anxiety. C．Scientists worked together with the help of music. D．Music helps scientists to achieve scientific success. 31．What did Einstein and Südhof have in common? A．They both valued discipline. B．They both liked classical music. C．They studied the same area of science. D．Intuition often came first to their mind. 32．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean? A．The lab members enjoy music. B．The lab has made breakthroughs. C．The lab works through great teamwork. D．The lab members understand each other. 33．How did the author prove his or her opinion? A．By comparing different ideas. B．By giving supporting examples. C．By doing musical experiments. D．By referring to famous sayings. （十） （23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）We are all aware of the damaging pollution that’s created by driving petrol and diesel (柴油) vehicles. Many of the world’s cities are blocked with traffic, creating fumes containing gases such as nitrogen oxides. The solution for a cleaner, greener future could be electric vehicles. But how optimistic should we be? There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it will ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030. But is that easier said than done? The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off. Currently, battery life is an issue — a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. There are also limited numbers of charging points to plug an EV into. Of course, technology is always improving. Some of the biggest tech companies, like Google and Tesla, are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers are now making them too. Colin Herron, a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology, told the BBC: “The big leap forward will come with solid state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars.” These will charge more quickly and give cars a bigger range. Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power. But some countries offer incentive, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams. These kinds of measures have made Norway the country with the most electric cars per capita (人均) at more than thirty electric cars per 1000 inhabitants. But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future. “It’s emission-free motoring, but the car has to be built, the battery has to be built, and the electricity does come from somewhere.” Maybe it’s time to think about making fewer journeys or using public transport. 34．What can we infer from the question at the end of paragraph 1? A．We should not be too optimistic about the future. B．Electric vehicles may not solve the traffic problems. C．It’s not a good idea to replace petrol vehicles with electric ones. D．It is not easy to obtain a greener future by means of electric vehicles. 35．What does the underlined word “incentive” mean in paragraph 2? A．payment B．income C．encouragement D．method 36．Which statement is true according to the passage? A．Electric motoring will create a zero-carbon future. B．Electric cars might not get stuck in traffic jams in the future. C．There are four obstacles on the road to global traffic being totally electric. D．Putting solid-state batteries in electric cars first will be a “great leap forward”. 37．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Total Electric Traffic: a Long Way to Go B．Electric Vehicles: a Road to a Greener Future C．Electric Power or Petrol: a Tough Decision to Make D．Petrol and Diesel Vehicles: a Main source of Gases （十一） （22-23高二上·广东广州·期末）With the invention of the Internet, humanity is now experiencing an adventure toward technological advancement. Nowadays, technology assists us with everyday tasks such as driving, grocery shopping and even dating. Technology is so closely connected to our lives that it’s easy to overlook one important question: When technology really starts to control the world around us, what comes next? Many experts and workers are scared that automation will take jobs from people who need them and give those jobs to robots. I understand their concern. However, if robots are outperforming us at our jobs, then what do humans have left to offer? We have the emotions and imagination that make us human. A machine might work faster than a person, but that’s because humans built the machines that way. That, itself, is an amazing accomplishment of the human imagination. We are talented, passionate creatures, who do not deserve to be trapped in miserable jobs anymore! By now, I hope you’re curious to hear which occupations we should focus on in the future. The obvious answer is jobs in technology and robotics. Tech-related jobs will continue to be in big demand, and people who work in these fields will continue to become more important. We should be grateful to them for doing work to take us higher as a society. Besides, we should also focus on jobs in the arts and entertainment. It may sound crazy, but what could better reflect the creativity of the human mind than the arts? I believe technology has opened up our world, allowing us to share our imaginations with everyone! So, we must ensure that future generations know that we mean it when we say, “follow your dreams.” Welcome to the 21st century: what a time to be alive! There has never been a better time to be yourself, and I can only see it getting even better from here. 38．Why does the author end paragraph 1 with a question? A．To present a fact. B．To illustrate a problem. C．To ask for approval. D．To arouse thinking. 39．What’s the author’s attitude towards technological advancement? A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. 40．According to the author, what role should robots play? A．Emotional comfort. B．Passionate companion. C．Technological support. D．Competitive opponent. 41．Why are art-related jobs also important? A．They have opened up our world. B．They help people realize their dreams. C．They will be in great demand in the future. D．They can demonstrate the innovation of human. 42．What is the tone of the passage? A．Narrative and serious. B．Persuasive and positive. C．Descriptive and critical. D．Informative and objective. （十二） （23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）The need of plus-size consumers has long been the elephant in the room of the fashion industry until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind. This trend has become so popular that it is influencing mainstream culture. As a result, fashion brands have finally decided to expand their size ranges. In 2022, the plus-size market grew twice as fast as the standard size market in both North America and the UK. Yet, many consumers say fashion brands broadening their ranges are not truly inclusive (包容的). “Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,” says Marie North, a UK-based journalist who covers body-image issues. “However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.” Researchers also criticize (批评) that some brands are just taking advantage of the trend. “Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people,” says Michael Burgess, analyst in fashion industry. “If brands cared about large-bodied consumers, then it wouldn’t have taken until now to acknowledge that they exist,” he says. “It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real devotion to the community.” The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a range of sizes if they hope to succeed with a body-diverse world. The whole industry has to connect on a personal level with consumers. That involves showing shoppers that they are seen, understood and important to brands. “Consumers care about values, and so they want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in. Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion choices,” says Ludovica Ospina, professor of marketing at the College of Business. 43．What do the underlined words “the elephant in the room” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Hardly satisfied. B．Socially accepted. C．Widely promoted. D．Obvious but ignored. 44．What is Marie North’s attitude towards the all-size trend? A．Unclear. B．Negative. C．Puzzled. D．Cautious. 45．For what are some brands criticized by researchers? A．Their motivation. B．Their promotion. C．Their devotion. D．Their advertisement. 46．What should fashion industry do in a body-diverse world? A．Provide more fashion choices. B．Show respect to the consumers. C．Produce clothes in various sizes. D．Build private relationships with customers. 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解之议论文 （一） （21-22高二上·广东中山·期末）How is it that the United States spends the most money on healthcare, and yet still has the one of the lowest life expectancies（预期寿命）of all developed nations? To find it out, researchers from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health looked at the great influence of healthy habits on life expectancy, using data on a huge number of people over a very long period of time. What is a healthy lifestyle, exactly? 1. Healthy diet, which was calculated and rated based on the reported intake of healthy foods like vegetables, fruits, nuts, whole grains, healthy fats, and omega-3 fatty acids. 2. Healthy physical activity level, which was measured as at least 30 minutes per day of activity 3. Healthy body weight defined as a normal body mass index（BMI）（身体质量指数）which is between 18.5 and 24.9. 4. Smoking, well, there is no healthy amount of smoking. "Healthy" here meant never having smoked. Does a healthy lifestyle make a difference? Absolutely yes. According to this analysis, people who had all the four habits enjoyed impressively longer lives than those who had none: 14 years for women and 12 years for men（if they had these habits at age 50）. Just one healthy habit（and it didn't matter which one）...just one... increased life expectancy by two years in men and women. Not surprisingly, the more healthy habits people had, the longer their life. So what's our（big）problem? As the researchers point out, in the US we tend to spend more on developing fancy drugs and other treatments for diseases, rather than on trying to prevent them. This is a big problem. Experts have suggested that the best way to help people make healthy diet and lifestyle change is through public health efforts and policy changes. 1．How did researchers study the influence of healthy habits on life expectancy? A．By analysing data. B．By raising questions. C．By exchanging information D．By comparing developed countries. 2．Which person might have a healthy lifestyle according to the passage? A．A translator who exercises 2 hours a week. B．A librarian who smokes, but not heavily. C．A steward who drinks wine every day. D．A shop assistant whose BMI is 19.5. 3．What is the big problem in the US according to the researchers? A．Changing laws related to lifestyle. B．Reducing money on treating patients. C．Staying focused on drug development. D．Spending much on disease prevention. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 【分析】本文是议论文。文章论述了什么是健康的生活方式及其对人的寿命的影响，并且提出帮助人们改变健康饮食和生活方式的最佳方式是通过公共卫生努力和政策的改变。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“To find it out, researchers …looked at the great influence of healthy habits on life expectancy, using data on a huge number of people over a very long period of time. ”可知，研究人员通过分析大量的数据来研究健康习惯对寿命的影响。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“What is a healthy lifestyle, exactly?”部分中“Healthy body weight defined as a normal body mass index（BMI）which is between 18.5 and 24.9.（健康的体重被定义为一个正常的身体质量指数(BMI)在18.5和24.9之间。）可知，BMI是19.5的售货员是健康的。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“in the US we tend to spend more on developing fancy drugs and other treatments for diseases, rather than on trying to prevent them. This is a big problem.”可知， 研究人员认为，在美国的一个大问题是把更多的钱花在开发高级药物和其他治疗疾病的方法上，而不是花在预防疾病上。故选C。 （二） （19-20高二上·广东珠海·期末）It seems that you can hardly go to any bookstore without encountering Charles Dickens. From Oliver Twist to A Tale of Two Cites, Dickens’ works still enjoy great popularity today and are placed on notable shelves. As someone who teaches Dickens, the question of why we still read him is often on my min. Nearly 10 years ago, I told my students that Dickens, works started crazes in Victorian readers. Then a hand shot up in the middle of the room. “But why should we still read his stuff?” A student asked. I was speechless because I had never considered the question myself. The answer I gave was only acceptable. “Because he teaches you how to think,” I said. The question annoyed me for years, and for years I told myself answers, but never with complete satisfaction. We read Dickens because he not only was a man of his own times, but also is a man for our times. We read Dickens because his exploration of the human mind is deep. We read Dickens because we can learn from the experiences of his characters. These are all wonderful reasons, but not exactly the reasons why I read Dickens. My search for an answer continued in vain, until one day a text message came from a student of mine. “We still read Dickens’ novels,” she wrote, “because they tell us why we are what we are.” Simple as it was, that was the explanation I had thought for years. Like most people, I think I knew who I was without knowing it. I was Oliver Twist, always wanting and asking for more. I was Nicholas Nickleby, convinced that my father was watching me from beyond the grave. I was Pip, in love with someone far beyond my reach. I was all of these characters, and I began to understand more about why I was who I was because Dickens had told me so much about human beings. Dickens shines a light on who we are during the best and worst of times. That’s why we still need to read him today. 4．What does the underlined word “encountering” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Focusing on B．Coming across C．Appealing to D．Subscribing to 5．What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A．There was a heated discussion about Dickens. B．The author was annoyed by the rude student. C．The author wasn’t satisfied with his own answer. D．None of the students showed interest in Dickens. 6．Why do we have to read his books? A．Because he teaches us how to think. B．Because he is the best writer of his day. C．Because his language is easy to understand. D．Because we can know why we are what we are. 7．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The benefits of reading Dickens’ novels. B．The reason why we still read Dickens today. C．The great influence Dickens has on teenagers. D．The reason why Dickens enjoys great popularity. 【答案】4．B 5．C 6．D 7．B 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述的是我们今天仍然读狄更斯的书的原因。 4．词义猜测题。根据第一段It seems that you can hardly go to any bookstore without encountering Charles Dickens. From Oliver Twist to A Tale of Two Cites, Dickens’ works still enjoy great popularity today and are placed on notable shelves.“似乎你去任何一家书店都会遇到查尔斯·狄更斯。从《雾都孤儿》到《双城记》，狄更斯的作品至今仍广受欢迎，并被摆放在著名的书架上。”由此推知划线词的意思是“遭遇，遇到”。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段中I was speechless because I had never considered the question myself. The answer I gave was only acceptable. “Because he teaches you how to think.可知，作者对自己的答案不满意。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段中because they tell us why we are what we are.可知，我们之所以必须读他的书，是因为我们知道我们为什么是现在的我们。故选D。 7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Dickens shines a light on who we are during the best and worst of times. That’s why we still need to read him today.可知，本文讲述的是我们今天仍然读狄更斯的书的原因。故选B。 （三） （21-22高二上·广东珠海·期末）In October, 2019, Beijing Daily warned the youth that they shouldn't let Internet slang （俚语） deepen the generation gap（代沟），after People Daily started a discussion on Chinese microblog Weibo on how to "explain" the youth's Internet slang terms to parents. The post got 40,000 likes. People were commenting that they couldn't keep up with the rapidly developing Internet lingo （术语）in China. People also fear that Chinese Internet slang will negatively influence broader linguistic （语言的） trends of Mandarin Chinese, in particular, the gradual taking over of pinyin, the romanization of traditional Chinese characters using the Western alphabet. As pinyin gets widely used when people text or write on mobile phones or computers, while less and less people write characters by hand, people gradually forget how to write them, which is called "character amnesia" in China. 2019’s latest slang terms add a further simplification: the use of pinyin acronyms. "Awsl"  in pinyin, for instance, means Ah, wo si le (Oh, I'm gonna die), and is used if something is too cute or adorable. "Nsdd" stands for ni shuo de dui (you're right). Certainly, as an age-old written language, Chinese has been evolving and developing over the years. But the Chinese Internet lingo is unlikely to replace the existing use of Mandarin Chinese, but will rather be enriching it by adding another layer. Acronyms aren't new. They have appeared with the limited space available in early-generation cell phone messaging. Some of them have become a part of the English language, such as BTW (by the way) and LOL (laugh out loud), while others had a rather short lifetime. That's likely to be what's going to happen with China's Internet slang terms. Some are going to be old in a few weeks, while others might make it into mainstream use, and as they do, young net users are coming up with new slang words to differentiate themselves. In China, using Internet slang means belonging to a certain generation that likes to watch the same talk shows, play the same games, etc., and therefore, creates unity. Older generations don't have to feel left out, and certainly don't have to fear a degradation (没落)of the Chinese language. While language development is unavoidable, Internet slang is not going to let 6,000 years of Chinese written language completely change overnight. 8．The public are worried about Chinese Internet slang abuse because A．It's used by children to keep secrets from parents. B．It can cause confusion even among young people. C．It was invented in response to the limited messaging space. D．It will rarely have a positive effect on linguistic trends of Chinese. 9．How do Chinese Internet slang terms affect the Chinese language? A．They add variety to the language. B．They are replacing its traditional vocabulary. C．They make the language more global. D．They only have temporary effects on Chinese. 10．By using Internet slang in China, people may get. A．a sense of purpose B．a sense of group identity C．a sense of cultural pride D．a sense of safety 11．Which could be the best title for the passage? A．Is Media Helping Older Generation Understand Internet Slang? B．Is Chinese Language Too Powerful to Be Largely Affected? C．Is Mandarin Chinese Useful to Bridge the Generation Gap? D．Is Internet Slang Deepening the Generation Gap, Ruining Chinese? 【答案】8．D 9．A 10．B 11．D 【分析】本文是议论文，网络俚语是否会加剧代沟，毁灭汉语？文章展开了论述。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段“People also fear that Chinese Internet slang will negatively influence broader linguistic（语言的）trends of Mandarin Chinese” 人们还担心，中国的网络俚语会对普通话更广泛的语言趋势产生负面影响。可知，公众担心网络俚语是因为它很少对汉语的语言发展趋势产生积极的影响，故选D项。 9．推理判断题。根据第四段“But the Chinese Internet lingo is unlikely to replace the existing use of Mandarin Chinese, but will rather be enriching it by adding another layer.” 但中文网络用语不太可能取代现有的普通话，而是会通过增加另一层来丰富它。可知，网络用语对中文的影响是增加了语言的多样性，故选A项。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In China, using Internet slang means belonging to a certain generation that likes to watch the same talk shows, play the same games, etc., and therefore, creates unity.”在中国，使用网络俚语意味着属于某一代人，喜欢看同样的脱口秀，玩同样的游戏等等，因此，创造团结。可知，在中国使用网路俚语会使人们获得群体认同感，故选B项。 11．主旨大意题。 根据第一段“In October, 2019, Beijing Daily warned the youth that they shouldn't let Internet slang deepen the generation gap” 2019年10月，《北京日报》警告年轻人，他们不应该让网络俚语加深代沟。第一段提到了网络俚语可能加深人们之间的代沟。再根据最后一段“While language development is unavoidable, Internet slang is not going to let 6,000 years of Chinese written language completely change overnight” 虽然语言的发展是不可避免的，但网络俚语不会让6000年的中文书面语言在一夜之间完全改变。最后一段提出网络俚语不会毁灭汉语，所以文章主要围绕着网络俚语是否加剧代沟，毁灭汉语展开。这篇文章最好的题目是“网络俚语正在加剧代沟，毁灭汉语吗?”故选D项。 （四） （22-23高二上·广东佛山·期末）We’re frequently told that our attention problem-being easily distracted-result from modern technology. If we truly want to focus, according to the popular belief, we need to turn off all our digital devices and quit social media. Here’s my opinion about that idea. This era(时代)is no different than any other-there has always been a “crisis of attention”. Think about life long ago: people in ancient India or Europe didn’t have smartphones and social media, but they were faced with the same problem. A crisis of attention can happen anytime you don’t allow yourself a break-when you don’t allow your mind to daydream, which may inspire your creativity. We are always engaged in something. With these digital tools at our fingertips, we have constant access to all these forms of communication, content, and interaction, and we don’t let our thoughts wander(漫游)freely. When was the last time you stood in line at a store and just…looked around? Thought about whatever came to your mind? Or did you pull out your phone, check your texts, read your email during that time? We all do it. We catch ourselves all the time going from one type of mental engagement to the next. Like surfing online (clicking from link to link), we go from one task to the next and the next. We are “all task and no downtime”. Even something you might think of as relaxing is more engagement. Checking your phone messages may seem “fun”, but it’s just another task for your attention. Your attention is focused on task after task after task, without a moment for the mind to wander freely. It’s not always realistic to unplug. We can’t just turn off our phones and pause our email. We can’t create a distraction-free world. The problem is not the existence(存在)of modern technology; rather, it’s how we’re using it. 12．Why does the author mention people in ancient India? A．To argue against the popular belief. B．To discuss the benefits of technology. C．To suggest a solution to the attention problem. D．To show the seriousness of the attention problem. 13．Which is an example of “downtime” according to the author? A．Chatting with friends. B．Reading a newspaper. C．Sitting back doing nothing. D．Checking phone messages. 14．What does the underlined word “unplug” mean in the last paragraph? A．Work long hours. B．Improve technology. C．Stop using digital devices. D．Balance work and leisure. 15．Which section of a website is the text most likely from? A．Culture. B．Fashion. C．History. D．Opinion. 【答案】12．A 13．C 14．C 15．D 【分析】本文为一篇议论文，作者认为，注意力危机在任何时代都是存在的，不能归咎于现代技术的发展，问题的关键在于我们应该如何使用现代科技。 12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段关键句“We’re frequently told that our attention problem-being easily distracted-result from modern technology.”（我们经常被告知，我们的注意力问题——容易分心——是现代技术造成的。）及第二段关键句“This era is no different than any other-there has always been a “crisis of attention”. Think about life long ago: people in ancient India or Europe didn’t have smartphones and social media, but they were faced with the same problem.”（这个时代与其它任何时代都没有什么不同——总是存在“注意力危机”。想想很久以前的生活：古印度或欧洲的人们没有智能手机和社交媒体，但他们面临着同样的问题。）可知，作者提及古印度人是为了反对目前流行的一种看法——现代技术导致了我们的专注力问题。故选A项。 13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段关键句“We catch ourselves all the time going from one type of mental engagement to the next.Like surfing online (clicking from link to link), we go from one task to the next and the next. We are “all task and no downtime”.”（我们总是发现自己从一种类型的精神投入到另一种。就像网上冲浪（从一个链接到另一个链接）一样，我们从一个任务到下一个任务。我们“全是任务，没有停机时间”。）及“Your attention is focused on task after task after task, without a moment for the mind to wander freely.”（你的注意力集中在一项又一项任务上，没有一刻让你的思想自由地漫游。）可知，作者认为的“停机时间”指的是我们放下一切，让思想自由漫游的时间。因此，无所事事地坐着是一个“停机时间”的例子。故选C项。 14．词义猜测题。根据最后一段关键信息“not always realistic”（并不总是现实的）及“We can’t just turn off our phones and pause our email. We can’t create a distraction-free world.”（我们不能关掉手机，暂停收发邮件。我们不能创造一个没有干扰的世界。）可知，unplug表示“停止使用电子设备”。故选C项。 15．推理判断题。根据文章第二段关键句“Here’s my opinion about that idea. This era is no different than any other-there has always been a “crisis of attention”.”（以下是我对这个想法的看法。这个时代与其它任何时代都没有什么不同——总是存在“注意力危机”。）及文章最后一段关键句“The problem is not the existence of modern technology; rather, it’s how we’re using it.”（问题不在于现代技术的存在；而是我们如何使用它。）可知，本文为一篇议论文，作者在文中发表了自己的观点，因此，本文来自网站的“观点”版块。故选D项。 （五） （22-23高二上·广东茂名·期末）As a student at a medical school, Sam thinks poetry is a big part of his life, thanks to his new teacher, Rafael Campo, who believes poetry can benefit every doctor’s education and work. Rafael is a physician, professor and a highly respected poet. “Poetry is in every encounter with my patients. If we do anything when we’ re with our patients, we’re really immersed in their stories, really hearing their voices. And, certainly, that’s what a poem does, ” he said. Rafael worries that something important has been lost in medicine and medical education today: humanity, which he finds in poetry. To end that, he leads a weekly reading and writing workshop for medical students and residents. He thinks medical training focuses too much on distancing the doctor from his or her patients, and poems can help close that gap. Third-year resident Andrea Schwartz was one of the workshop regulars. She said, “I think there’s no other profession other than medicine that produces as many writers as it does. And I think that is because there’s just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest moments. ” Not everyone believes that’s what doctors should do, though. Rafael said, “I was afraid of how people might judge me, actually. In the medical profession, as many people know, we must always put the emergency first. But, you know, that kind of treatment, if it’s happening in the hospital, very regrettably, sadly, results in a bad outcome. The family is sitting by the bedside. The patient hasn’t survived the cancer. Don’t wve still have a role as healers there?” In a poem titled “Health”, Rafael writes of the wish to live forever in a world made painless by our incurable joy. He says he will continue teaching students, helping patients and writing poems, his own brand of medicine. 16．What does the underlined word “immersed” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Committed. B．Forced. C．Persuaded. D．Absorbed. 17．What does Andrea Schwartz think of poetry? A．It has nothing to do with doctors. B．It is mostly produced by doctors. C．It contributes to medical work. D．It keeps doctors away from patients. 18．Which words can best describe Rafael Campo? A．Capable and responsible. B．Gifted but overconfident. C．Honest and modest. D．Cold but respected. 【答案】16．D 17．C 18．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。Rafael Campo认为，诗歌有助于医生的教育和工作，文章主要介绍了他的相关观点。 16．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段““Poetry is in every encounter with my patients. If we do anything when we’ re with our patients, we’re really immersed in their stories, really hearing their voices. And, certainly, that’s what a poem does, ” he said.(“我与病人的每一次相遇都充满了诗意。当我们和病人在一起的时候，我们真的沉浸在他们的故事中，真的听到他们的声音。当然，这就是诗歌的作用，”他说。)”可知，当与病人在一起的时候，是真的沉浸在他们的故事中，真的听到他们的声音。此处immersed指“沉浸于；全神贯注于”，与absorbed互为同义表达。故选D项。 17．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“She said, “I think there’s no other profession other than medicine that produces as many writers as it does. And I think that is because there’s just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest moments. ”(她说：“我认为除了医学，没有其他职业能培养出这么多作家。我认为这是因为当病人处于最悲伤的时刻时，医生和病人之间的互动有很大的力量。”)”可知，Andrea Schwartz认为除了医学，没有其他职业能培养出这么多作家，因为当病人处于最悲伤的时刻时，医生和病人之间的互动有很大的力量。由此可推知，她认为诗歌有助于医疗工作。故选C项。 18．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“He says he will continue teaching students, helping patients and writing poems, his own brand of medicine.(他说，他将继续教授学生，帮助病人，写诗——他自己的医学品牌。)”可知，Rafael能帮助病人，也能写诗，是一个很有能力，也很负责的人。故选A项。 （六） （23-24高二上·广东东莞·期末）“Regrets, I’ve had a few. But still, I keep going forward with them,” a pop star sang in his song in 1969. The idea of the song is attractive: what’s done is done, so we should treat regrets properly and move on. Some people take a step further. They say they have no regrets at all and that life should be lived without looking back. It is easier said than done, though. In 2020, Professor Graham launched the World Regret Survey, the largest survey on the topic ever undertaken. With his research team, Graham asked more than 15,000 people in 105 countries, “How often do you look back on your life and wish you had done things differently?” 78 percent of them said that regrets are at least an occasional part of their life; roughly 21 percent said they feel regretful all the time. Only 1 percent said they never feel regretful. If you belong to the “no regrets” group, you might think that all regrets are the source of unhappiness. Although filling your life with regrets is indeed bad for you, going to the other extreme may be even worse. To get rid of your regrets doesn’t free you from shame or sorrow. Instead, it leads you to make the same mistakes again and again. To truly get over our guilt requires that we put regrets in their proper place. Your regrets can teach you to become smarter and more successful-if you let it. First, make a list of your regrets, note how you want to change your behavior, and outline your resolutions going forward. Next, list all the ways that you can invest in your own skills and get started right now. Life is a journey full of pleasures and pains. To live it well and fully means learning from every bit of it, including the mistakes, and moving forward. 19．What can we learn from the song in the first paragraph? A．The singer didn’t have any regret. B．The singer found regrets attractive. C．We should live a life without regrets. D．We should still move on with regrets. 20．What does the underlined part “going to the other extreme” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Having no regrets at all. B．Making the same mistakes. C．Getting rid of unhappiness. D．Feeling regretful in your life. 21．What is the author’s attitude towards regrets? A．Unconcerned. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Negative. 【答案】19．D 20．A 21．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。生活中会有很多遗憾。太多遗憾会影响生活，但是没有遗憾的生活也不完整，我们应该从中吸取教训，继续前行，让自己的人生更成功。 19．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句““Regrets, I’ve had a few. But still, I keep going forward with them,” a pop star sang in his song in 1969. The idea of the song is attractive: what’s done is done, so we should treat regrets properly and move on. (“遗憾，我有过一些。但我仍然和他们一起前进。”1969年，一位流行歌手在他的歌曲中唱道。这首歌的想法很吸引人: 已经发生的事情已经发生了，所以我们应该正确对待遗憾，继续前进。)”可知，歌手认为我们应该带着遗憾前进。故选D项。 20．词句猜测题。根据划线部分前句“Although filling your life with regrets is indeed bad for you(虽然让你的生活充满遗憾确实对你不好)”可知， “尽管生活充满遗憾不好”，“go to the other extreme”字面意思是“走另一个极端”，此处指生活充满遗憾的另一个极端，即生活中没有遗憾，所以后面的主句“…may be even worse”表示“（但是）生活没有遗憾是更糟糕的”。故选A项。 21．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“Life is a journey full of pleasures and pains. To live it well and fully means learning from every bit of it, including the mistakes, and moving forward.(人生是一段充满快乐和痛苦的旅程。要想活得好、活得充实，就意味着要从每一点生活中学习，包括错误，然后继续前进。)”可知，作者认为，生活中会有痛苦的遗憾，但是我们也要从中学习，继续前行。因此作者对于“遗憾”的态度是客观的。故选C项。 （七） （23-24高二上·广东湛江·期末）Scientists have made great discoveries. But how have they influenced our personal lives? Do kids in your classroom even know when Einstein lived? You may be wondering: why is it important to teach kids stories about modern-day scientists? First, stories of scientists can encourage kids. Chris Hadfield is a Canadian who went to space, and he’s a real guitar-playing person. He makes singing videos on the website. His story can make kids think scientists are also common people. Hearing scientists’ stories makes kids think that they can do that too. But not only that, the stories of famous scientists can encourage kids to explore and never give up. Bill Nye was always refused when trying to be an astronaut. But up to now, he has made a lot of successes in his role as a popular science educator and engineer. Besides, it’s no secret that scientific discoveries require trying, and trying again. Another way some scientists can encourage kids is through their diversity. Neil deGrasse Tyson, for example, is an African-American, which is not common in his field. Such stories can make kids think anyone can be a scientist. It’s important to know that scientists don’t need to be “gifted” or “good” at school. Often we consider a scientist as being an extremely smart kid at school, which doesn’t have to be true. They just need to have a great interest in science. Telling students stories of scientists can encourage them to show interest in science. As long as they are interested, they are likely to become a scientist in the future. Modern scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation others have laid. This is important—no one can do it alone. Scientists’ stories can encourage today’s young scientists to keep trying. They’ll be encouraged not to give up on the dream of exploring and making discoveries. Even if they haven’t made important discoveries, their research may help the following scientists. 22．What can Chris Hadfield’s story tell students? A．Scientists are interested in different things. B．Students should have a hobby of their own. C．Scientists can be ordinary like people around us. D．Students should consider scientists as their models. 23．Which of the following will the author agree with? A．Scientists are not necessarily very smart at school. B．Not all scientists really show interest in science. C．Scientists are usually good at their schooling. D．African-Americans are more likely to become scientists. 24．What can be learned according to the last paragraph? A．Scientists should help each other. B．A scientist should never give up trying. C．Making discoveries is necessary for scientists. D．New scientific discoveries may be based on others’ findings. 25．What is the text mainly about? A．Why scientists are important to us. B．Why students love stories of scientists. C．Why scientists can make great discoveries. D．Why students should be taught stories about scientists. 【答案】22．C 23．A 24．D 25．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了以科学家的故事来教育孩子所带来的积极影响。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段“His story can make kids think scientists are also common people. Hearing scientists’ stories makes kids think that they can do that too.(他的故事可以让孩子们认为科学家也是普通人。听科学家的故事让孩子们认为他们也能做到。)”可知，Chris Hadfeild的故事告诉学生们科学家可以像我们周围的人一样平凡。故选C。 23．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Often we consider a scientist as being an extremely smart kid at school, which doesn’t have to be true. They just need to have a great interest in science.(我们通常认为科学家是在学校里非常聪明的孩子，这并不一定是真的。他们只需要对科学有极大的兴趣。)”可知，作者认为，科学家不一定是在学校很聪明的孩子。所以可以推断A选项“Scientists are not necessarily very smart at school.(科学家在学校不一定很聪明。)”可能是作者同意的观点。故选A。 24．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Modern scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation others have laid.(现代科学家教导孩子，知识是建立在别人打下的基础上的。)”可知，新的科学发现可能基于他人的发现。故选D。 25．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists have made great discoveries. But how have they influenced our personal lives? Do kids in your classroom even know when Einstein lived? You may be wondering: why is it important to teach kids stories about modern-day scientists?(科学家们有了重大发现。但它们是如何影响我们的个人生活的呢？你们教室里的孩子知道爱因斯坦是什么时候生活的吗？你可能想知道:为什么教孩子们现代科学家的故事很重要？)”和全文内容可知，文章主要讲述用科学家的故事来教育孩子所带来的积极影响。D项“Why students should be taught stories about scientists.(为什么应该教学生关于科学家的故事。)”概括文章主旨。故选D。 （八） （23-24高二上·广东深圳·期末）As online learning becomes more common and more and more resources are becoming digital form, some people have suggested that public libraries should be shut down and everyone should be given an iPad with an e-reader subscription. Supporters of this idea state that it will save money because libraries are expensive to maintain. They also believe it will encourage more people to read because they won’t have to travel to a library to get a book. They could also access more materials because libraries won’t have to buy physical copies of books. However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with tablets. First, digital books and resources are associated with less learning and more problems. A study done on tablet vs book reading found that people read 20-30% slower on tablets, obtain 20% less information, and understand 10% less of what they read compared to people who read the same information in print. Additionally, staring too long at a screen has been shown to cause more health problems, including dry eyes and headaches. Second, it is incredibly narrow-minded to assume that the only service libraries offer is book lending. Libraries can keep community connected. One neighborhood found that, after a local library community events, over a third of residents reported feeling more connected to their community. Similarly, a survey conducted in 2015 found that nearly two-thirds of American adults feel that closing their local library would have a major impact on their community. People see libraries as a way to connect with others, which tablets can’t offer nearly as well or as easily. While replacing libraries with tablets may seem like a simple solution, it would encourage people to spend even more time looking at digital screens. In many areas, libraries are such an important part of the community network that they could never be replaced by a simple object. 26．Why do people want to close libraries? A．To pursue economy and convenience. B．To promote e-books and subscription. C．To advocate e-reading and e-learning. D．To follow e-learning trend and fashion. 27．How does the author support his idea in Paragraph 3? A．By listing reasons. B．By giving examples. C．By doing experiments. D．By making comparisons. 28．What can people get from libraries? A．Information and solution. B．Encouragement and association. C．Efficiency and connection. D．Understanding and satisfaction. 29．Which is the suitable title for the passage? A．Books Grow Popular B．E-reading is a New Trend C．Libraries Still Matter a Lot D．Digital Screens Gain Popularity 【答案】26．A 27．D 28．C 29．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要驳斥了平板电脑代替传统图书馆的观点，认为图书馆不仅仅借阅图书的地方，更是一个社会网络不可缺少的重要组成部分。 26．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Supporters of this idea state that it will save money because libraries are expensive to maintain. They also believe it will encourage more people to read because they won’t have to travel to a library to get a book.(这个想法的支持者表示，这将节省资金，因为图书馆的维护成本很高。他们还认为，这将鼓励更多的人阅读，因为他们不必去图书馆买书)”可知，支持用平板电脑代替图书馆的支持者们认为可以省钱并且不需要去图书馆就可以读书。由此可知，这些人们觉得平板电脑经济又便利。故选A项。 27．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A study done on tablet vs book reading found that people read 20-30% slower on tablets, obtain 20% less information, and understand 10% less of what they read compared to people who read the same information in print.(在平板电脑与书籍阅读上进行的一项研究发现，与阅读相同信息的人相比，人们在平板电脑上的阅读速度慢 20-30%，获得的信息减少 20%，理解的内容减少 10%)”可知，一项关于平板电脑和纸质阅读的研究发现，在平板上阅读的速度、获取信息量以及理解的内容普遍比阅读纸质书籍低，所以第三段是通过比较的方式支持作者观点的。故选D项。 28．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A study done on tablet vs book reading found that people read 20-30% slower on tablets, obtain 20% less information, and understand 10% less of what they read compared to people who read the same information in print.(在平板电脑与书籍阅读上进行的一项研究发现，与阅读相同信息的人相比，人们在平板电脑上的阅读速度慢 20-30%，获得的信息减少 20%，理解的内容减少 10%)”可知，阅读纸质书籍的阅读速度，获取的信息量以及理解的内容的效率普遍高于在平板电脑上阅读，由此可推断，图书馆更高效；根据倒数第二段中的“Second, it is incredibly narrow-minded to assume that the only service libraries offer is book lending. Libraries can keep community connected.(其次，认为图书馆提供的唯一服务是图书借阅是非常狭隘的。图书馆可以保持社区联系)”可知，图书馆是一个能够保持社区联系的场所，由以上信息可知，从图书馆可以获得效率和联系。故选C项。 29．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with tablets.(但是，用平板电脑替换图书馆是一个严重的错误)”和下文中作者驳斥用平板电脑取代图书馆支持者的两个观点，以及最后一段中的“In many areas, libraries are such an important part of the community network that they could never be replaced by a simple object.(在许多领域，图书馆是社区网络的重要组成部分，它们永远无法被一个简单的对象所取代)”可知，图书馆是社区网络的重要组成部分，是永远无法被取代的，图书馆仍然很重要，所以本文的题目为“图书馆仍然很重要”符合文章主题。故选C项。 （九） （23-24高二上·广东揭阳·期末）What does music mean to you? Do you use it to help relieve stress, anxiety and fall asleep to? For many, the value of music is endless, and scientists and Nobel winners are no exception. From seeing problems in a new way to developing discipline (自律), expressing creativity to working as a team, music has helped many winners in both work and life. Music has often helped Nobel winners think and process scientific information in a new way. Albert Einstein was influenced by his mother who taught him to play the violin at a very early age. He was especially fond of Mozart, Bach and Schubert. For Einstein, music worked as a brainstorming technique to help him reflect on his theories and solve difficulties he met with. Einstein’s scientific ideas were often firstly created in the shape of images and intuition (直觉), which music later helped to turn into mathematics, logic (逻辑) and words. Besides helping them reflect on scientifically complex problems, music has helped Nobel winners learn discipline and the importance of a creative mind. For Thomas Südhof’s awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, music gave him important inputs and ideas. Südhof mostly enjoys classical music by masters like Mozart, which requires a creative mind as well as great discipline. It is said that these two factors shaped Südhof’s development as a scientist. Furthermore, the cooperation between the members of a music band can be compared with the team effort found within a research group. According to Medicine winner James Allison, it is necessary in both fields to build a team where each individual makes their own contribution to the overall work. However, it is important that the communication between the members work so smoothly that each individual also knows what needs to be done to achieve breakthroughs. As James Allison states, “Every now and then my lab has been as well tuned—it feels like a really good band”—the concept of great team work leading to great success can be applied to both science and music. 30．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Music inspires a team to work together. B．Music helps to relieve stress and anxiety. C．Scientists worked together with the help of music. D．Music helps scientists to achieve scientific success. 31．What did Einstein and Südhof have in common? A．They both valued discipline. B．They both liked classical music. C．They studied the same area of science. D．Intuition often came first to their mind. 32．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean? A．The lab members enjoy music. B．The lab has made breakthroughs. C．The lab works through great teamwork. D．The lab members understand each other. 33．How did the author prove his or her opinion? A．By comparing different ideas. B．By giving supporting examples. C．By doing musical experiments. D．By referring to famous sayings. 【答案】30．C 31．B 32．C 33．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了音乐对科学家团队协作的作用 30．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“For many, the value of music is endless, and scientists and Nobel winners are no exception. From seeing problems in a new way to developing discipline (自律), expressing creativity to working as a team, music has helped many winners in both work and life.(对许多人来说，音乐的价值是无穷无尽的，科学家和诺贝尔奖得主也不例外。从以新的方式看待问题到发展纪律，从表达创造力到团队合作，音乐帮助了许多工作和生活中的成功者)”可知，本文主要介绍了音乐对科学家们团队合作的重要作用。故选C项。 31．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Albert Einstein was influenced by his mother who taught him to play the violin at a very early age. He was especially fond of Mozart, Bach and Schubert. For Einstein, music worked as a brainstorming technique to help him reflect on his theories and solve difficulties he met with.(阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦在很小的时候就受到母亲的影响，母亲教他拉小提琴。他特别喜欢莫扎特、巴赫和舒伯特。对爱因斯坦来说，音乐是一种头脑风暴的技巧，帮助他反思自己的理论，解决遇到的困难)”以及第三段“Südhof mostly enjoys classical music by masters like Mozart, which requires a creative mind as well as great discipline.( Südhof主要喜欢莫扎特等大师的古典音乐，这需要创造性的思维和良好的纪律)”可知，Einstein和Südhof都喜欢古典音乐。故选B项。 32．词义猜测题。根据“it feels like a really good band(感觉就像一支很棒的乐队)”可知，James Allison的实验室就像真正的乐队一样，那说明实验室的人都能和乐队成员一样配合得很好，有良好的团队合作。故选C项。 33．推理判断题。根据文章第二、三、四段可知，文章主要通过Einstein、Südhof和James Allison等人的例子来论证作者观点。故选B项。 （十） （23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）We are all aware of the damaging pollution that’s created by driving petrol and diesel (柴油) vehicles. Many of the world’s cities are blocked with traffic, creating fumes containing gases such as nitrogen oxides. The solution for a cleaner, greener future could be electric vehicles. But how optimistic should we be? There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it will ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030. But is that easier said than done? The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off. Currently, battery life is an issue — a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. There are also limited numbers of charging points to plug an EV into. Of course, technology is always improving. Some of the biggest tech companies, like Google and Tesla, are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers are now making them too. Colin Herron, a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology, told the BBC: “The big leap forward will come with solid state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars.” These will charge more quickly and give cars a bigger range. Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power. But some countries offer incentive, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams. These kinds of measures have made Norway the country with the most electric cars per capita (人均) at more than thirty electric cars per 1000 inhabitants. But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future. “It’s emission-free motoring, but the car has to be built, the battery has to be built, and the electricity does come from somewhere.” Maybe it’s time to think about making fewer journeys or using public transport. 34．What can we infer from the question at the end of paragraph 1? A．We should not be too optimistic about the future. B．Electric vehicles may not solve the traffic problems. C．It’s not a good idea to replace petrol vehicles with electric ones. D．It is not easy to obtain a greener future by means of electric vehicles. 35．What does the underlined word “incentive” mean in paragraph 2? A．payment B．income C．encouragement D．method 36．Which statement is true according to the passage? A．Electric motoring will create a zero-carbon future. B．Electric cars might not get stuck in traffic jams in the future. C．There are four obstacles on the road to global traffic being totally electric. D．Putting solid-state batteries in electric cars first will be a “great leap forward”. 37．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Total Electric Traffic: a Long Way to Go B．Electric Vehicles: a Road to a Greener Future C．Electric Power or Petrol: a Tough Decision to Make D．Petrol and Diesel Vehicles: a Main source of Gases 【答案】34．D 35．C 36．B 37．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了电动汽车更加清洁、更加环保，但是电动汽车本身有两大问题亟待解决，而且汽车电动化并不意味着零碳，实现全球交通电动化还有很长的路要走。 34．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“But is that easier said than done?(但这说起来容易做起来难吗？)”可知，第一段提出疑问：英国宣布从2030年开始禁止销售新型汽油和柴油汽车，这说起来容易做起来难吗？第二段第一句“The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off.(实现全球交通完全电动化的道路还有很长的路要走。)”指出实现全球交通完全电动化还有很长的路要走。由此可推测出，作者在第一段最后提出疑问是想说明用电动汽车来实现环保并不容易。故选D。 35．词义猜测题。根据划线词前一句“Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power.(成本是另一个可能阻碍人们转向电力的问题。)”和划线词后的“such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. (比如通过降低进口税来降低价格，以及不收取道路税和停车费。)”可知，划线词后的举例是对incentive的进一步说明，通过降低进口税来降价以及不收取道路税和停车费，这些有助于降低购买和使用成本，有助于激励人们购买，incentive意为“激励措施”，与encouragement(起激励作用的事物)意思最接近。故选C。 36．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Currently, battery life is an issue (目前，电池寿命是一个问题)”以及“Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power. (成本是另一个可能阻碍人们转向电力的问题。)”可知，C项“在全球交通完全电动化的道路上有四个障碍”是错误的。最后一段讲到“But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future (但是科林·赫伦警告说“电动汽车”并不意味着零碳排放的未来)”可知，A项“电动汽车将创造一个零碳的未来”是错误的。第二段还讲到“The big leap forward will come with solid state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars (固态电池将带来巨大的飞跃，它将首先出现在手机和笔记本电脑中，然后才会发展为汽车)”可知，D项“首先将固态电池应用于电动汽车将是一次“大跃进””是错误的。根据第二段“Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams.(一些国家还为电动汽车提供专用车道，超越可能陷入拥堵的传统汽车。)”可知，电动汽车有专用通道，因此，“电动汽车在未来可能不会陷入交通堵塞”是正确的说法。故选B。 37．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off.(实现全球交通完全电动化的道路还有很长的路要走。)”可知，电动汽车更加清洁、更加环保，但实现全球交通电动化还有很长的路要走，电动汽车本身有两大问题亟待解决，而且汽车电动化并不意味着零碳。由此可推测出，A项“全电动交通：任重道远”最适合作本文标题。故选A。 （十一） （22-23高二上·广东广州·期末）With the invention of the Internet, humanity is now experiencing an adventure toward technological advancement. Nowadays, technology assists us with everyday tasks such as driving, grocery shopping and even dating. Technology is so closely connected to our lives that it’s easy to overlook one important question: When technology really starts to control the world around us, what comes next? Many experts and workers are scared that automation will take jobs from people who need them and give those jobs to robots. I understand their concern. However, if robots are outperforming us at our jobs, then what do humans have left to offer? We have the emotions and imagination that make us human. A machine might work faster than a person, but that’s because humans built the machines that way. That, itself, is an amazing accomplishment of the human imagination. We are talented, passionate creatures, who do not deserve to be trapped in miserable jobs anymore! By now, I hope you’re curious to hear which occupations we should focus on in the future. The obvious answer is jobs in technology and robotics. Tech-related jobs will continue to be in big demand, and people who work in these fields will continue to become more important. We should be grateful to them for doing work to take us higher as a society. Besides, we should also focus on jobs in the arts and entertainment. It may sound crazy, but what could better reflect the creativity of the human mind than the arts? I believe technology has opened up our world, allowing us to share our imaginations with everyone! So, we must ensure that future generations know that we mean it when we say, “follow your dreams.” Welcome to the 21st century: what a time to be alive! There has never been a better time to be yourself, and I can only see it getting even better from here. 38．Why does the author end paragraph 1 with a question? A．To present a fact. B．To illustrate a problem. C．To ask for approval. D．To arouse thinking. 39．What’s the author’s attitude towards technological advancement? A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. 40．According to the author, what role should robots play? A．Emotional comfort. B．Passionate companion. C．Technological support. D．Competitive opponent. 41．Why are art-related jobs also important? A．They have opened up our world. B．They help people realize their dreams. C．They will be in great demand in the future. D．They can demonstrate the innovation of human. 42．What is the tone of the passage? A．Narrative and serious. B．Persuasive and positive. C．Descriptive and critical. D．Informative and objective. 【答案】38．D 39．A 40．C 41．D 42．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。技术与我们的生活息息相关，但是当技术真正开始控制我们周围的世界时，接下来会发生什么？文章主要介绍了作者认为技术进步是必须的，人类制造了机器，所以机器不会控制人类。 38．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Technology is so closely connected to our lives that it’s easy to overlook one important question: When technology really starts to control the world around us, what comes next?(技术与我们的生活息息相关，以至于我们很容易忽视一个重要的问题：当技术真正开始控制我们周围的世界时，接下来会发生什么？)”可推知，作者在第一段提出问题是为了引起人们思考，故选D。 39．推理判断题。根据第二段中“A machine might work faster than a person, but that’s because humans built the machines that way. That, itself, is an amazing accomplishment of the human imagination. We are talented, passionate creatures, who do not deserve to be trapped in miserable jobs anymore!(机器可能比人工作得更快，但那是因为人类就是这样建造机器的。这本身就是人类想象力的惊人成就。我们是才华横溢、充满激情的生物，我们不应该再被困在痛苦的工作中了！)”可知，作者认为人类创造了机器，人类可以控制机器，我们应该为自己创造出来的机器而感到自豪，由此可推知，作者对技术进步的态度是赞成的，故选A。 40．推理判断题。根据第三段中“By now, I hope you’re curious to hear which occupations we should focus on in the future. The obvious answer is jobs in technology and robotics. Tech-related jobs will continue to be in big demand, and people who work in these fields will continue to become more important. We should be grateful to them for doing work to take us higher as a society. Besides, we should also focus on jobs in the arts and entertainment. It may sound crazy, but what could better reflect the creativity of the human mind than the arts? I believe technology has opened up our world, allowing us to share our imaginations with everyone!(到现在为止，我希望你们对未来我们应该关注哪些职业感到好奇。显而易见的答案是技术和机器人领域的工作。与科技相关的工作将继续需求旺盛，在这些领域工作的人将继续变得更加重要。我们应该感谢他们的工作，使我们作为一个社会更高。)”可知，未来在机器和技术领域工作的人们将会继续变得更加重要，结合第二段提到的我们创造了机器，所以我们能控制机器可知，作者认为，人类是主导作用，而机器人应该扮演技术上的支持的角色，故选C。 41．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Besides, we should also focus on jobs in the arts and entertainment. It may sound crazy, but what could better reflect the creativity of the human mind than the arts?(此外，我们还应该关注艺术和娱乐行业的工作。这听起来可能很疯狂，但是还有什么能比艺术更好地反映人类思维的创造力呢？)”可知，艺术可以展示人类的创新。故选D。 42．推理判断题。根据第二段中“A machine might work faster than a person, but that’s because humans built the machines that way. That, itself, is an amazing accomplishment of the human imagination. We are talented, passionate creatures, who do not deserve to be trapped in miserable jobs anymore!(机器可能比人工作得更快，但那是因为人类就是这样建造机器的。这本身就是人类想象力的惊人成就。我们是才华横溢、充满激情的生物，我们不应该再被困在痛苦的工作中了！)”可推知，作者对技术进步的态度是积极的，和最后一段“So, we must ensure that future generations know that we mean it when we say, “follow your dreams.” Welcome to the 21st century: what a time to be alive! There has never been a better time to be yourself, and I can only see it getting even better from here.(因此，我们必须确保子孙后代知道，当我们说“追随你的梦想”时，我们是认真的欢迎来到21世纪：活着是多么美好的时光！现在是做你自己的最佳时机，我只能看到从现在开始，一切会变得更好。)”可推知，作者劝说人们要做自己，由此可推知，作者以劝说和积极的口吻来写这篇文章的，故选B。 （十二） （23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）The need of plus-size consumers has long been the elephant in the room of the fashion industry until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind. This trend has become so popular that it is influencing mainstream culture. As a result, fashion brands have finally decided to expand their size ranges. In 2022, the plus-size market grew twice as fast as the standard size market in both North America and the UK. Yet, many consumers say fashion brands broadening their ranges are not truly inclusive (包容的). “Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,” says Marie North, a UK-based journalist who covers body-image issues. “However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.” Researchers also criticize (批评) that some brands are just taking advantage of the trend. “Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people,” says Michael Burgess, analyst in fashion industry. “If brands cared about large-bodied consumers, then it wouldn’t have taken until now to acknowledge that they exist,” he says. “It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real devotion to the community.” The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a range of sizes if they hope to succeed with a body-diverse world. The whole industry has to connect on a personal level with consumers. That involves showing shoppers that they are seen, understood and important to brands. “Consumers care about values, and so they want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in. Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion choices,” says Ludovica Ospina, professor of marketing at the College of Business. 43．What do the underlined words “the elephant in the room” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Hardly satisfied. B．Socially accepted. C．Widely promoted. D．Obvious but ignored. 44．What is Marie North’s attitude towards the all-size trend? A．Unclear. B．Negative. C．Puzzled. D．Cautious. 45．For what are some brands criticized by researchers? A．Their motivation. B．Their promotion. C．Their devotion. D．Their advertisement. 46．What should fashion industry do in a body-diverse world? A．Provide more fashion choices. B．Show respect to the consumers. C．Produce clothes in various sizes. D．Build private relationships with customers. 【答案】43．D 44．B 45．A 46．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了时尚行业在面对大尺码消费者需求时的变化。尽管一些品牌扩大了尺码范围，但有批评指出它们可能只是跟随潮流，缺乏真正的包容性。研究人员和消费者强调，时尚行业需要更深入地与消费者建立联系，展示对各种身体和价值观的尊重。 43．词句猜测题。根据文章划线短语the elephant in the room后的内容“until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind.(直到身体积极向上和接受肥胖的运动促使人们意识到，身材魁伟的人不应该是那些被忽视的人)”可知，新的口号的是“身材魁梧的人不应该被忽视”，由此推知，这些身材魁伟的消费者原来一直是“被忽视”的。但划线短语中“the elephant (大象)”却是如此明显的存在，由此推知，此处划线短语the elephant in the room的意思“显而易见却被忽视的事实”，与“obvious but ignored”意思相近。故选D项。 44．推理判断题。根据第二段中Marie North的话“Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,(包容性尺码意味着所有人的身材都被纳入时尚，而不仅仅是那些符合标准尺码的人)”和第段中“However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.(然而，许多设计师现在所做的是选择一个他们认为足够大的数字来包括大码，然后就此打住。这更不尊重人)”可知，Marie North对“全码”趋势持否定态度。故选B项。 45．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Researchers also criticize (批评) that some brands are just taking advantage of the trend. “Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people,” says Michael Burgess, analyst in fashion industry.(研究人员还批评说，一些品牌只是在利用这一趋势。“过去在广告中宣传所谓完美身材的品牌，现在正试图加入这一潮流，增加几个尺码。他们感觉不像是真的关心大码人，”时尚行业分析师迈克尔•伯吉斯表示)”可知，研究人员批评了一些品牌的动机，认为他们只是想利用这一潮流来获益。故选A项。 46．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a range of sizes if they hope to succeed with a body-diverse world. The whole industry has to connect on a personal level with consumers. That involves showing shoppers that they are seen, understood and important to brands.(如果时尚行业希望在身材多样化的世界中取得成功，就必须超越仅仅生产各种尺码的服装。整个行业必须在个人层面上与消费者建立联系。这包括向消费者表明，消费者被看到了，被理解了，同时对品牌很重要)”可知，文章建议在一个身体多样化的世界里，时尚行业应该看到消费者，理解消费者，并让消费者知道他们对品牌很重要。由此推知，时尚行业应该做的是尊重消费者。故选B项。 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$