内容正文:
Review of attributive clauses
定语从句是高考的重点和热点,考点主要集中在
以下几个方面:
语法填空的连接词考点;
阅读理解长难句的翻译;
写作的运用。
2
定语从句
定义
结构
定语从句
关系词
先行词
关系词
被修饰的名词或代词
引导定语从句的关联词
关系代词
关系副词
who whom that which whose as
when where why
eg. This is the car which he bought last year.
一.What is the attributive clause?
1)连接作用:连接主句与从句。
2)成分作用:在定语从句中充当一个成分。
3)替代作用:替代某一名词﹑代词或某一句话。
在复合句中,充当_______ 的从句是定语从句
定语
关系代词 可指代 从句中的成分
who
whom
which
that
whose
人
主语、宾语
人
宾语
物
主语、宾语
人、物
主语、宾语
人、物
定语
二.关系代词
4
关系副词 指代 所充当的句子成分
when
where
why
时间
地点
原因
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
三.关系副词
如何选择关系代词VS关系副词?
① 从句缺少主、宾、定
关系代词
关系副词
② 从句缺状语
易错点一:只用that的情况
1.先行词为不定代词 everything,little, much,all,anything,nothing, none, few时,
5. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时,
2.先行词同时指人和指物时,
3. 在以which / who 为疑问词的特殊疑问句中,
4.在there be句型中,
四.易错点
6. 先行词被 all, any , every, little, much, no, some, the only,the very,the last 修饰时
易错点二:不用that的情况
1.引导非限制性定语从句时。
2. 介词后面加关系代词时。
高考真题训练Exercises
1.(2024新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
答案:which/that
解析:考查定语从句。句意:Mark Woodruff补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词design,先行词指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
2.(2024浙江1月卷)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money.
答案: that/which。
解析:考查定语从句。句意:当然,商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词为way,所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
3.(2022新课标I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
答案: that
解析:考查定语从句关系词。句意:该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词等于关系词,设空处在从句中作指物的主语,先行词为species,且先行词前为all修饰,只能用关系代词that。故填that。
4.(2021新课标II卷)I decided that if I learned of a company ________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
答案:which或that
解析:考查定语从句。句意:我决定,如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就给它发邮件,敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构,________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句,修饰先行词a company,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,用which或that引导该从句,所以填which或that。
5.(2021浙江1月卷)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
答案: that/which
解析:考查定语从句。根据句意和句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,并在定语从句中作主语,而先行词tool为物,故此处要填关系代词that或which。
6.(2020新课标卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ________ opened in 1759.
答案: which/that
解析:考查定语从句。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是the British Museum,关系词在从句中做主语,应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
7.(2024新课标II卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
答案:who
解析:考查定语从句。句意:为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖,中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词,先行词为“Tang Xianzu”,在非限制性定语从句中担当主语,表示人,用关系代词who引导。故填who。
8.(2022浙江1月卷)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
答案:that/who
解析:考查定语从句。句意:亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员,因为气候变化,他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词替代,故填that/who。
9.(2020江苏卷)Many lessons are now available online, from ________ students can choose for free.
答案: which
解析:考查定语从句。句意:许多课程现在都可以在网上找到,学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词是many lessons,关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语,应使用关系代词which引导。
Thank you for your listening!
$$