专题36 八省联考阅读微技能之文章大意题（满分攻略+八省名校模拟）-2025年新八省新高考英语满分通关练

专题36 八省联考阅读微技能之文章大意题 （满分攻略+八省名校模拟）解析版 （山西、河南、陕西、内蒙古、四川、云南、宁夏、青海） 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，提供高效提分干货，帮你举一反三提分 一、记叙文主旨大意题 1.看首段和尾段，以尾段为主 2.借助主题词或关键词归纳 二、说明文和议论文主旨大意题 1.看首段和每段段首句，以首段为主 2.借助主题词或关键词归纳 三、文章大意题错误选项典型错误 一是“以偏概全”：选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意； 二是“概括宽泛”：所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容； 三是“无中生有”：即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。 四、文章大意五种题型 题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。 题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。 题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ short, all in all, in conclusion, in a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。 题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 五、文章大意题思维导图 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分技巧和应试思维！ (2024新课标II卷第31题)We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。 30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。 31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ 【01】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）In the 1980s, Ray Barnett worked in Uganda as a humanitarian worker. One day, a boy went to him and showed his gratitude by singing a song, which deeply touched Barnett’s heart. “When I went back to Canada and people were not interested in Uganda, I remembered the small boy. I knew that if some Ugandan children could travel to the West, people would be deeply moved and would certainly want to help,” Barnett recalls. In April 1984, Barnett and a team of volunteers travelled back to Uganda to select 31 children who would become the first African Children’s Choir. In September 1984, the choir arrived in North America and achieved more throughout their tour than Barnett could imagine. They inspired audiences with their stories through music, dance and drama and raised enough funds to open a children’s home in Uganda. This provided a stable environment and a quality education for the choir children and other children who needed care. While Barnett had thought of the choir as a one-time attempt, the choir’s instant popularity and the ongoing needs in Uganda convinced him to continue with choir work. In 1985, a second choir was selected from an orphanage home in Makerere, Kikoni, and the African Children’s Choir began another tour. Its success meant it was able to provide for many children beyond those in the choir. Over the next years, six more homes were established to cater for vulnerable children. A number of special literacy schools were established where the children learned how to read and write, and gained confidence and skills. The organization next established a sponsorship programme to help the children move further in their schooling. In 1990, the African Children’s Choir spread its wings and opened in Kenya. In 1994, it opened in Rwanda. In 1996, it opened another branch in South Sudan, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa. Currently, the African Children’s Choir is made up of 44 choirs, each with between 17-24 members, both boys and girls aged between 7-15. 1. Why did Barnett return to Uganda in 1984? A. To provide humanitarian aid to the area. B. To search for the boy he had met before. C. To organize a choir to help poor children. D. To send donations from Canadians to Uganda. 2. How was the children’s first performance? A. It was an unexpected hit. B. It barely covered its costs. C. It was an ordinary attempt. D. It was enjoyed by orphans. 3. What can we infer about the African Children’s Choir from the last two paragraphs? A. It is well-received by local parents and schools. B. It has grown rapidly and more kids benefit from it. C. It suffers financial difficulty and requires sponsoring. D. It pays more attention to kids’ schooling instead of music. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. A great choir brings hope to African kids. B. Music is a bridge across different cultures. C. The African Children’s Choir changes Africa. D. Music can shake off poverty and bring happiness. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Ray Barnett创立非洲儿童合唱团的过程及其对非洲贫困儿童生活的积极影响。 1. 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“In April 1984, Barnett and a team of volunteers travelled back to Uganda to select 31 children who would become the first African Children’s Choir. (1984年4月，巴内特和一组志愿者回到乌干达，挑选31名儿童，他们将成为第一个非洲儿童合唱团。)”和第二段中“They inspired audiences with their stories through music, dance and drama and raised enough funds to open a children’s home in Uganda. This provided a stable environment and a quality education for the choir children and other children who needed care. (他们用音乐、舞蹈和戏剧的故事激励着观众，并筹集了足够的资金在乌干达开设了一个儿童之家。这为合唱团的孩子和其他需要照顾的孩子提供了一个稳定的环境和优质的教育。)”可知，Barnett 返回乌干达是为了挑选孩子组成合唱团，以帮助贫困儿童。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“In September 1984, the choir arrived in North America and achieved more throughout their tour than Barnett could imagine. They inspired audiences with their stories through music, dance and drama and raised enough funds to open a children’s home in Uganda. This provided a stable environment and a quality education for the choir children and other children who needed care. (1984年9月，合唱团抵达北美，并在整个巡演中取得了巴尼特无法想象的成就。他们用音乐、舞蹈和戏剧的故事激励着观众，并筹集了足够的资金在乌干达开设了一个儿童之家。这为合唱团的孩子和其他需要照顾的孩子提供了一个稳定的环境和优质的教育。)”可知，孩子们的第一次演出超乎想象地成功。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Over the next years, six more homes were established to cater for vulnerable children. A number of special literacy schools were established where the children learned how to read and write, and gained confidence and skills. The organization next established a sponsorship programme to help the children move further in their schooling. (在接下来的几年里，又建立了6个家庭来照顾弱势儿童。建立了一些特殊的扫盲学校，在那里孩子们学习如何阅读和写作，并获得信心和技能。该组织随后设立了一个赞助计划，帮助孩子们在学业上更进一步。)”和最后一段“In 1990, the African Children’s Choir spread its wings and opened in Kenya. In 1994, it opened in Rwanda. In 1996, it opened another branch in South Sudan, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa. Currently, the African Children’s Choir is made up of 44 choirs, each with between 17-24 members, both boys and girls aged between 7-15. (1990年，非洲儿童唱诗班在肯尼亚展翅高飞。1994年，它在卢旺达开业。1996年，它在南苏丹、尼日利亚、加纳和南非又开设了一家分店。目前，非洲儿童合唱团由44个合唱团组成，每个合唱团有17-24名成员，年龄在7-15岁之间，既有男孩也有女孩。)”可知，合唱团发展迅速，更多孩子从中受益。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“I knew that if some Ugandan children could travel to the West, people would be deeply moved and would certainly want to help,” Barnett recalls. In April 1984, Barnett and a team of volunteers travelled back to Uganda to select 31 children who would become the first African Children’s Choir. (我知道，如果一些乌干达儿童能够去西方旅行，人们会深受感动，当然会想要帮助他们，”巴内特回忆道。1984年4月，巴内特和一组志愿者回到乌干达，挑选31名儿童，他们将成为第一个非洲儿童合唱团。)”根据第二段中“They inspired audiences with their stories through music, dance and drama and raised enough funds to open a children’s home in Uganda. This provided a stable environment and a quality education for the choir children and other children who needed care. (他们用音乐、舞蹈和戏剧的故事激励着观众，并筹集了足够的资金在乌干达开设了一个儿童之家。这为合唱团的孩子和其他需要照顾的孩子提供了一个稳定的环境和优质的教育)”可知，和最后一段“In 1990, the African Children’s Choir spread its wings and opened in Kenya. In 1994, it opened in Rwanda. In 1996, it opened another branch in South Sudan, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa. Currently, the African Children’s Choir is made up of 44 choirs, each with between 17-24 members, both boys and girls aged between 7-15. (1990年，非洲儿童唱诗班在肯尼亚展翅高飞。1994年，它在卢旺达开业。1996年，它在南苏丹、尼日利亚、加纳和南非又开设了一家分店。目前，非洲儿童合唱团由44个合唱团组成，每个合唱团有17-24名成员，年龄在7-15岁之间，既有男孩也有女孩。)”可知，全文围绕非洲儿童合唱团的成立和发展，以及它如何为非洲的孩子们带来希望和改变展开，选项A“A great choir brings hope to African kids. (一个伟大的合唱团给非洲孩子带来了希望。)”符合题意。故选A。 【02】（23-24高三上·江西赣州·期末）Ships are the lifeline of trade among countries. Almost everything, from food to machinery, comes by way of the sea in huge ships piloted by captains. But the captain of a ship is responsible for guiding the vessel until they hit a port, waiting to enter the harbor. The task of bringing the ship into the harbor and docking it is taken up by a different captain. This captain is called a marine pilot. A marine pilot is a boat pilot with specialized knowledge of a particular port or harbor. The pilot is needed to direct large ships into a port, where there are often deep-water channels surrounded by shallower seabeds. Without the services of a marine pilot, docking ships would be hazardous. There would be a real chance of running aground and damaging the ship and the cargo, some of which might be dangerous if released into a water-based ecosystem. In addition to the shallower seabeds, tide and wind pose further challenges for bringing ships into a port. During different tides, currents may change from one direction to the other. The same strategy for docking a ship during an incoming tide may not work during an outgoing tide. Also, the wind can significantly alter the direction of the ship and how it reacts, adding to the difficulty of docking the ship. Marine pilotage is a job that requires a high degree of proficiency as well as quick and independent thinking. Above all, it is about risk management. A marine pilot goes on board at a crucial time and controls the ship based on his or her knowledge of the port and the situation at hand. The pilot is responsible for not only the safety of the ship but also the protection of the port and the marine environment. 1. What is the passage mainly about? A. A special profession. B. Shipping and trading. C. Guidelines for safe docking. D. Protection of the marine environment. 2. Which of the following is part of the knowledge that a marine pilot must have? A. The value of the ships. B. The content of the cargo. C. The weather conditions. D. The diversity of marine life. 3. What does “a crucial time” in the last paragraph refer to? A. When the ship departs from port. B. When the channel is not deep enough. C. When there is a crash of two ships. D. When a ship is waiting to enter the port. 4. How does the author conclude the passage in the last paragraph? A. By adding new details. B. By predicting future development. C. By summarizing the main points. D. By giving advice to the general public. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了海洋领航员这份特殊的职业及其工作内容。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“This captain is called a marine pilot.”（这个船长被称为海洋领航员。）及第二段第一句“A marine pilot is a boat pilot with specialized knowledge of a particular port or harbor.”（海洋领航员是指对某一港口或港口有专门知识的领航员。）及最后一段第一句“Marine pilotage is a job that requires a high degree of proficiency as well as quick and independent thinking.”（海上引航是一项要求熟练程度高、思维敏捷、独立的工作。）并结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了海洋领航员这份特殊的职业及其工作内容。故选A项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“In addition to the shallower seabeds, tide and wind pose further challenges for bringing ships into a port. During different tides, currents may change from one direction to the other. The same strategy for docking a ship during an incoming tide may not work during an outgoing tide. Also, the wind can significantly alter the direction of the ship and how it reacts, adding to the difficulty of docking the ship.”（除了较浅的海床，潮汐和风也给船只进港带来了进一步的挑战。在不同的潮汐期间，水流可能从一个方向转向另一个方向。在涨潮时靠岸的同样策略在退潮时可能行不通。此外，风可以显著改变船舶的方向及其反应，增加了船舶停靠的难度。）可知，天气状况会给船只进港带来挑战，海洋领航员需要具有气象方面的知识，才能安全指引船只进港。故选C项。 3. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段第三句“A marine pilot goes on board at a crucial time and controls the ship based on his or her knowledge of the port and the situation at hand.”（引航员在关键时刻上船，根据他或她对港口和手头情况的了解来控制船舶。）并结合第一句最后两句“The task of bringing the ship into the harbor and docking it is taken up by a different captain. This captain is called a marine pilot.”（把船带进港口并靠岸的任务由另一个船长承担。这个船长被称为海洋领航员。）可知，海洋领航员的任务是把船带进港口并靠岸，故引航员会在当一艘船等待进港时上船指挥，故a crucial time指代“一艘船等待进港的时刻”。故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Marine pilotage is a job that requires a high degree of proficiency as well as quick and independent thinking. Above all, it is about risk management. A marine pilot goes on board at a crucial time and controls the ship based on his or her knowledge of the port and the situation at hand. The pilot is responsible for not only the safety of the ship but also the protection of the port and the marine environment.”（海上引航是一项要求熟练程度高、思维敏捷、独立的工作。最重要的是，它关乎风险管理。引航员在关键时刻上船，根据他或她对港口和手头情况的了解来控制船舶。引航员不仅要对船舶的安全负责，还要对港口和海洋环境的保护负责。）并结合上文描述的领航员的具体工作内容及挑战可知，本段简明扼要地总结了海上引航任务的要求及引航员的工作内容。故最后一段通过总结要点的方式来结束全文。故选C项。 【03】（2024·四川德阳·一模）Dog owners often believe that their pets understand commands such as “sit” and “stay”, and even associate words with their favorite objects. “Bring me your ball” will often result in exactly that. But science has had trouble determining whether dogs and other animals truly create a mental image in their minds upon hearing the name of an object, a relationship with language called referential understanding, which would suggest a deeper understanding of language, like the kind that humans have. A recent study conducted in Hungary, appearing in Current Biology, explores this issue. It involved 18 dogs and employed a non-invasive EEG procedure to measure their brain activity. Researchers played audio clips of their owners saying the names of objects, such as “ball” or “frisbee”, and then showed the dogs either the corresponding object or a different one to see if dogs would show a distinct brain response when the object matched the word compared to when it did not. Boros, a co-lead writer of the study, said “A different brain pattern appeared when the dogs were shown an object that matched the word compared to when it did not, indicating that they might create a mental image of the object upon hearing its name. That was previously unproven.” Lilla Magyari, another co-lead writer, noted that while other animals have shown some level of referential understanding, they often require extensive training. In contrast, the study suggests that in dogs, such abilities appear to be inborn and require no special training or talent. This finding supports that referential understanding is not necessarily unique to humans. Despite the study’s promising results, some experts are skeptical. Clive Wynne from Arizona State University argued on Facebook that the study only demonstrates dogs’ responses to stimuli (刺激物), rather than an understanding of specific words. He doubts whether dogs grasp the exact meaning of words. Scientists believe the first dogs began to be kept by humans up to 30,000 years ago. The animals have lived closely alongside us ever since. However, whether this long history of cohabitation contributed to their ability to understand referential language remains an open question. 1. What does “referential understanding” refer to? A. Associating words with emotions. B. Responding actively to commands. C. Forming mental images of objects. D. Learning objects through training. 2. How did researchers test dogs’ brain responses? A. By using different audio tones. B. By adjusting shapes of objects. C. By matching objects with words. D. By comparing different objects. 3. Which does Clive Wynne agree with about the study? A. It overestimates dogs’ cognitive abilities. B. It is widely accepted by the scientific field. C. It proves dogs know specific words very well. D. It provides a new insight about dogs’ evolution. 4. What’s the text mainly about? A. What dog owners’ belief about their pets is. B. What dogs’ response to the different objects is. C. Whether we can train dogs to follow commands. D. Whether referential understanding exists in Dogs. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于狗是否具有指称理解能力，即是否能在听到物体名称时在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像的科学研究。 1. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“But science has had trouble determining whether dogs and other animals truly create a mental image in their minds upon hearing the name of an object, a relationship with language called referential understanding, which would suggest a deeper understanding of language, like the kind that humans have.(但科学一直难以确定，狗和其他动物在听到物体的名字时，是否真的会在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像，这种与语言的关系被称为referential understanding，这表明它们对人类语言有着更深的理解)”可知，referential understanding指的前文中“狗和其他动物在听到物体的名字时，在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像”这一现象，所以，referential understanding指的是“在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像”。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Researchers played audio clips of their owners saying the names of objects, such as ‘ball’ or ‘frisbee,’ and then showed the dogs either the corresponding object or a different one to see if dogs would show a distinct brain response when the object matched the word compared to when it did not.(研究人员播放了狗主人说出物体名称（如‘球’或‘飞盘’）的音频片段，然后向狗展示相应的物体或不同的物体，以观察当物体与单词匹配时，与不匹配时相比，狗是否会表现出明显的大脑反应)”可知，研究人员是通过将物体与单词匹配来测试狗的大脑反应的。故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Clive Wynne from Arizona State University argued on Facebook that the study only demonstrates dogs’ responses to stimuli (刺激物), rather than an understanding of specific words. He doubts whether dogs grasp the exact meaning of words.(亚利桑那州立大学的克莱夫·温恩在脸书上争论说，这项研究只证明了狗对刺激物的反应，而不是对特定单词的理解。他怀疑狗是否真正理解单词的确切含义)”可知，克莱夫·温恩认为这项研究高估了狗的认知能力，只是证明了狗对刺激物的反应，而不是对特定单词的理解。故选A项。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“But science has had trouble determining whether dogs and other animals truly create a mental image in their minds upon hearing the name of an object, a relationship with language called referential understanding(但科学一直难以确定，狗和其他动物在听到物体的名字时，是否真的会在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像，这种与语言的关系被称为指称理解)”和最后一段中“However, whether this long history of cohabitation contributed to their ability to understand referential language remains an open question.(然而，这种长期的共同居住历史是否有助于它们理解指称语言的能力仍然是一个悬而未决的问题)”可知，文章主要介绍了关于狗是否具有指称理解能力的科学研究，即探讨狗是否能在听到物体名称时在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像。故选D项。 【04】（24-25高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习）For more than two decades, Elon Musk has focused SpaceX, his rocket company, on his lifelong goal of reaching Mars. Over the last year, he has also built up work on what will happen if he gets there. Mr. Musk, 53, has directed SpaceX employees to drill into the design and details of a Martian city, according to five people with knowledge of the efforts and documents viewed by The New York Times. One team is drawing up plans for small dome habitats, including the materials that could be used to build them. Another is working on spacesuits to combat Mars's hostile environment, while a medical team is researching whether humans can have children there. These initiatives, which are at their early stage, are a shift toward more concrete planning for life on Mars as Mr. Musk's timeline has hastened (加速). While he said in 2016 that it would take 40 to 100 years to have a self- sustaining civilization on the planet, Mr. Musk told SpaceX employees in April that he now expects one million people to be living there in about 20 years. Mr. Musk has long tried to defy(违抗) the impossible and has often managed to beat tough odds. But his vision for life on Mars takes his seemingly limitless ambitions to their most extreme — and some might say absurdist — point. No one has ever set foot on the planet. NASA doesn't expect to land humans on Mars until the 2040s. And if people get there, they will be greeted by a barren terrain, icy temperatures, dust storms, and air that is impossible to breathe. Yet Mr. Musk is so wedded (执着) to the idea of creating a civilization on Mars — he once said he plans to die there — that it has pushed nearly every business endeavor he has undertaken on Earth. His vision for Mars underlies most of the six companies that he leads or owns, each of which could potentially contribute to a space colony, according to the documents and the people with knowledge of the efforts. The Boring Company, a private tunneling venture founded by Mr. Musk, was started in part to ready equipment to dig under Mars's surface, two of the people said. Mr. Musk has told people that he bought X, the social media platform, partly to help test how a citizen-led government that rules by consensus might work on Mars. He has also said that he envisions residents on the planet will drive a version of the steel-paneled Cybertrucks made by Tesla, his electric vehicle company. 1. What measures are being taken by SpaceX to realize their dream of Mars? A. Designing large spaceships and building hospitals. B. Planning for habitats and designing spacesuits. C. Developing technologies and training medical teams. D. Building space stations and inspiring employees to strive. 2. How do some people find Mr. Musk's vision for Mars? A. Practical and achievable. B. Unreasonable and time- consuming. C. Theoretical and promising. D. Over-ambitious and ridiculous. 3. Why did Mr. Musk purchase X social media platform? A. Because he intended to create a company on Mars. B. Because he was interested in promoting social network on Mars. C. Because he wanted to make profits by running it on Mars. D. Because he dream t of a resident- managed government for Mars. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. Elon Musk's determination and initiatives to put people on Mars. B. Elon Musk's efforts to overcome the challenges of exploring Mars. C. Elon Musk's overall vision for the future development of Mars. D. Elon Musk's companies on Mars and their contributions. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了Elon Musk致力于将人类送上火星的决心和举措。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“One team is drawing up plans for small dome habitats, including the materials that could be used to build them. Another is working on spacesuits to combat Mars's hostile environment, while a medical team is researching whether humans can have children there.(一个团队正在为小型圆顶栖息地制定计划，包括可以用来建造它们的材料。另一个正在研究宇航服，以对抗火星的恶劣环境，而一个医疗小组正在研究人类能否在火星上生育。)”可知，SpaceX正在计划建造栖息地和设计宇航服。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Mr. Musk has long tried to defy(违抗) the impossible and has often managed to beat tough odds. But his vision for life on Mars takes his seemingly limitless ambitions to their most extreme— and some might say absurdist— point. No one has ever set foot on the planet.(马斯克长期以来一直试图挑战不可能的事情，并经常成功地克服困难。但他对火星生活的愿景将他看似无限的野心推向了极端——有些人可能会说这是荒谬的。从来没有人踏足过这个星球。)”可知，一些人认为Musk的火星愿景是过于雄心勃勃和荒谬的。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“Mr. Musk has told people that he bought X, the social media platform, partly to help test how a citizen- led government that rules by consensus might work on Mars.(马斯克告诉人们，他收购了社交媒体平台X，部分原因是为了帮助测试一个由公民领导、以共识治国的政府如何在火星上运作。)”可知，Musk购买X社交媒体平台是为了测试在火星上由居民管理的政府如何运作。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“For more than two decades, Elon Musk has focused SpaceX, his rocket company, on his lifelong goal of reaching Mars.( 20多年来，Elon Musk一直把他的火箭公司SpaceX专注于他的终身目标——登陆火星。)”，第二段的“Mr. Musk, 53, has directed SpaceX employees to drill into the design and details of a Martian city, according to five people with knowledge of the efforts and documents viewed by The New York Times.(据了解《纽约时报》看到的相关工作和文件的五名知情人士透露，现年53岁的马斯克指示SpaceX员工深入研究一座火星城市的设计和细节。)”并通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了Elon Musk致力于将人类送上火星的决心和举措。故选A。 【05】（24-25高二上·全国·单元测试）If you could change your children’s DNA in the future to protect them against diseases, would you? It could be possible because of technology known as CRISPR/Cas, or just CRISPR. CRISPR involves a piece of RNA, a chemical messenger, designed to work on one part of DNA; it also uses an enzyme that can take unwanted genes out and put new ones in, according to The Economist. There are other ways of editing DNA, but CRISPR will do it very simply, quickly, and exactly. The use of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything from Alzheimer’s disease to cancer to AIDS. By allowing doctors to put just the right cancer⁃killing genes into a patient’s immune system, the technology could help greatly. In April scientists in China said they had tried using CRISPR to edit the genomes (基因组) of human embryos. Though the embryos would never turn into humans, this was the first time anyone had ever tried to edit DNA from human beings. With this in mind, the US National Academy of Sciences plans to discuss questions about CRISPR’s ethics (伦理标准). For example, CRISPR doesn’t work properly yet. As well as cutting the DNA it is looking for, it often cuts other DNA, too. In addition, we currently seem to have too little understanding of what DNA gives people what qualities. There are also moral questions. Of course, medicine already stops natural things from happening—for example, it saves people from infections. The opportunities to treat diseases make it hard to say we shouldn’t keep going. A harder question is whether it is ever right to edit human cells and make changes that are passed on to children. This is banned in 40 countries and restricted in many others. However, CRISPR means that if genes can be edited out, they can also be edited back in. It may be up to us as a society to decide when and where editing the genome is wrong. Also, according to The Economist, gene editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children: “Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs.” In the end, more research is still needed to see what we can and can’t do with CRISPR. “It’s still a huge mystery how we work,” Craig Mello, a UMass Chan Medical School biologist and Nobel Prize winner, told The Boston Globe. “We’re just trying to figure out this amazingly complicated thing we call life.” 1. According to the passage, what can we know about the technology of CRISPR? A. It is very safe because it only cuts the DNA it is looking for. B. It is banned in most countries and restricted in many others. C. It could cause parents to make unwise choices for their children. D. It could help us discover the link between DNA and the qualities it gives people. 2. What can be inferred from the passage? A. All diseases could probably be cured through the use of CRISPR. B. Scientists had never edited genomes before CRISPR was invented. C. CRISPR is a technology that uses an enzyme to work on RNA and DNA. D. CRISPR has proven to be the most effective way to protect children against diseases. 3. What is the author’s attitude towards CRISPR? A. Supportive. B. Worried. C. Negative. D. Objective. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. What we can and can’t do with CRISPR. B. How CRISPR was developed by scientists. C. The advantages of CRISPR and arguments about its ethics. D. Scientists’ experiments of using CRISPR to edit human embryos. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了可以通过改变基因组来治疗疾病的CRISPR技术。 1. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Also, according to The Economist, gene editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children: “Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs.”(此外，据《经济学人》报道，基因编辑可能意味着父母做出的选择显然不符合孩子的最大利益：“失聪的父母可能更喜欢他们的孩子也失聪；父母可能会不惜一切代价让孩子更聪明。”)”可知，基因编辑可能会导致父母对孩子做出不明智的选择。故选C项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The use of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything from Alzheimer’s disease to cancer to AIDS.(CRISPR的使用可能意味着从阿尔茨海默病到癌症再到艾滋病，所有疾病的治疗方法都将被开发出来)”可知，CRISPR技术使得所有疾病的治愈成为可能。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the end, more research is still needed to see what we can and can’t do with CRISPR. “It’s still a huge mystery how we work,” Craig Mello, a UMass Chan Medical School biologist and Nobel Prize winner, told The Boston Globe. “We’re just trying to figure out this amazingly complicated thing we call life.”(最后，我们还需要进行更多的研究，看看我们能用CRISPR做什么，不能做什么。马萨诸塞大学医学院生物学家、诺贝尔奖得主克雷格·梅洛告诉《波士顿环球报》：“我们是如何工作的，这仍然是一个巨大的谜团。我们只是想弄清楚我们称之为生命的这个极其复杂的东西。”)”结合作者详细介绍了CRISPR技术在治疗疾病方面的帮助作用以及人们对它的各种顾虑。作者是客观如实介绍的，所以对此技术的观点是客观的。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“If you could change your children’s DNA in the future to protect them against diseases, would you? It could be possible because of technology known as CRISPR/Cas, or just CRISPR.(如果将来你可以改变你孩子的DNA来保护他们免受疾病的侵害，你会吗？这可能是因为一种叫做CRISPR/Cas的技术，或者简称CRISPR)”结合作者在第一段以提问的形式引出了话题：CRISPR技术可以通过改变基因来治疗疾病，第二段解释了什么是CRISP R，第三段说明了它的优势，第四段到第七段介绍了CRISPR的弊端和在伦理方面引发的各种争论。故选C项。 【06】（2024·福建宁德·三模）Ammonia (氨) is one of many pollutants present in wastewater and can be poisonous for marine and land life. Therefore, in a process called air stripping(空气吹脱), it is removed from wastewater and later use o as a fertilizer or fuel. Air stripping transforms ammonia into a gas that can then escape the wastewater from its surface. But this process is not efficient: it is energy-intensive, and requires specific temperatures, air supply, and a lot of chemicals, making it expensive. Addressing these disadvantages, researchers from South Korea have demonstrated that the simple application of an electric field during air stripping can considerably improve the efficiency of ammonia removal, even under sub-standard conditions. “So far, the removal of ammonia from wastewater was thought to be dependent on only pH, temperature, and air supply. However we have shown that an electric field can also act as a modulator (调节器) of this process,” says Prof. Young-Chae Song, the lead investigator on this study. Prof. Song and his team used a combination of live experiments with an ammonia removal tank and deep learning to understand how electric fields of different strengths influence the efficiency of ammonia removal from wastewater. They found that electric fields with an alternating current of 50 MHz and a power of 15 V/cm significantly improve the ammonia removal efficiency, increasing it from 51% to 94%, even under sub-standard conditions. Therefore, improved ammonia yields could be achieved while considerably reducing the consumption of energy and chemicals. Prof. Song comments, “Our findings showed that electric field application provides a similar efficiency of ammonia removal to conventional methods at a much lower temperature, air supply, and pH. Moreover, the energy needed to power the electric field is a minute part of the energy required to achieve these ‘excellent’ conditions.” Indeed, this new electric field-coupled platform could provide a more economical way of getting-ammonia from wastewater and reducing the carbon footprint associated with this process. 1. What happens to ammonia during air stripping? A. It becomes a fertilizer. B. It stays on the water. C. It changes into another state. D. It disappears in the process. 2. What can be inferred from Prof. Song’s words? A. Electric fields slow the process of the removal. B. Much energy is needed to achieve good conditions. C. The removal of ammonia depends on electric fields. D. The use of electric fields improves the traditional method. 3. What is the function of the new platform? A. To power air stripping. B. To lower the temperature. C. To provide economical energy. D. To remove ammonia at a lower cost. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The discovery of electric fields. B. An electric field-coupled platform. C. A new technological advancement. D. Electric field s of different strengths. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章报道了韩国研究人员发现，在空气吹脱过程中简单应用电场可以显著提高氨氮去除效率的新技术。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Ammonia (氨) is one of many pollutants present in wastewater and can be poisonous for marine and land life. Therefore, in a process called air stripping(空气吹脱), it is removed from wastewater and later use o as a fertilizer or fuel. Air stripping transforms ammonia into a gas that can then escape the wastewater from its surface.(氨是废水中存在的众多污染物之一，对海洋和陆地生物都是有毒的。因此，在一个称为空气剥离的过程中，它从废水中去除，然后用作肥料或燃料。空气剥离将氨转化为一种气体，然后可以从废水表面逸出)”可知，在空气剥离过程中氨会变成另一种状态。故选C项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段““So far, the removal of ammonia from wastewater was thought to be dependent on only pH, temperature, and air supply. However we have shown that an. electric field can also act as a modulator (调节器) of this process,” says Prof. Young-Chae Song, the lead investigator on this study.(“到目前为止，人们认为从废水中去除氨只取决于pH值、温度和空气供应。但是我们已经证明了。电场也可以作为这一过程的调制器，”这项研究的首席研究员Young-Chae Song教授说)”可推知，电场的使用改进了传统的方法。故选D项。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Indeed, this new electric field-coupled platform could provide a more economical way of getting-ammonia from wastewater and reducing the carbon footprint associated with this process.(事实上，这种新的电场耦合平台可以提供一种更经济的方式从废水中提取氨，并减少与此过程相关的碳足迹)”可知，新平台的功能是以较低的成本去除氨。故选D项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Addressing these disadvantages, researchers from South Korea have demonstrated that the simple application of an electric field during air stripping can considerably improve the efficiency of ammonia removal, even under sub-standard conditions.(针对这些缺点，来自韩国的研究人员已经证明，在空气剥离过程中简单地应用电场可以大大提高氨的去除效率，即使在不合标准的条件下也是如此)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了在空气吹脱过程中简单应用电场可以显著提高氨氮去除效率的新技术。故选C项。 【07】（23-24高二上·江苏镇江·期中）As humans, we live in our thoughts: from pondering what to make for dinner to daydreaming about our last beach vacation. Now, researchers at HHMT’s Janelia Research Campus have found that rats also possess an imagination, which was thought to be a uniquely human characteristic. In a collaboration between the labs of Tim Harris and Albert Lee, an innovative system was designed that combines virtual reality (VR) with a brain-machine interface (BM人机界面). This enabled the researchers to explore the world of a rat’s inner thoughts. The real-time “thought detector” was designed to measure neural (神经的) activity and translate what it meant. The results show that rats are capable of thinking about places or objects that are not immediately present, which is comparable to a human mentally planning a walk to a particular location. These internal experiences activate obvious neural patterns in the hippocampus (海马体) — the part of the brain that is responsible for spatial memory. According to the study, rats can even voluntarily conduct these activity patterns to recollect distant locations apart from their current positions. “The rat can indeed activate the representation of places in the environment without going there,” says Chongxi Lai, a postdoc in the Harris and Lee Labs and first author of a paper describing the new findings. “Even if his physical body is fixed, his spatial thoughts can go to a very remote location.” This ability to imagine locations away from one’s current position is fundamental to remembering past events and imagining possible future scenarios. Therefore, the new work shows that animals probably, like humans, possess a form of imagination. “To imagine is one of the remarkable things that humans can do. Now we have found that rats can do it too, and we found a way to study it,” said study co-author Albert Lee. This novel research not only provides insights into hippocampal function but also paves the way for advanced prosthetic (假肢) devices that use similar principles. The use of BMI in this study offers anew pathway for exploring and understanding the brain, with potential applications extending into the development of innovation prosthetic solutions. 1. What does the underlined word “pondering” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Considering. B. Tackling. C. Measuring. D. Urging. 2. Why was the new system applied in the experiment? A. To prevent the rats from escaping. B. To transport rats to a particular location. C. To compare humans and rats. D. To get a better understanding of rats’ inner thoughts. 3. What is the author’s attitude toward this study? A. Doubtful. B. Unconcerned. C. Optimistic. D. Negative. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Rats can think about places or objects in the distance. B. Animals can be as imaginative as humans. C. Imagination is a special quality of humans. D. We humans are fond of eating and going on vacation. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是研究发现动物像人类一样也想象力。 1. 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段划线词之前“As humans, we live in our thoughts(作为人类，我们生活在我们的思考中)”以及划线词之后“what to make for dinner to daydreaming about our last beach vacation.(从晚餐做什么到幻想上次的海滩度假)”可知，我们经常生活在我们的思考中，由句中的“from…to…”可知，此处划线词意思应用与句中的daydreaming(幻想)并列，所以应该指的是一种思考行为，与A项Considering(考虑)意思相近。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In a collaboration between the labs of Tim Harris and Albert Lee, an innovative system was designed that combines virtual reality (VR) with a brain-machine interface (BM人机界面).This enabled the researchers to explore the world of a rat’s inner thoughts.(在Tim Harris和Albert Lee实验室的合作中，设计了一个将虚拟现实（VR）与脑机接口相结合的创新系统（BM人机界面）。这使得研究人员能够探索老鼠的内心世界)”可知，研究人员将新系统运用到实验中是为了更好地了解老鼠的内心想法。故选D项。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This novel research not only provides insights into hippocampal function but also paves the way for advanced prosthetic (假肢) devices that use similar principles. The use of BMI in this study offers anew pathway for exploring and understanding the brain, with potential applications extending into the development of innovation prosthetic solutions.(这项新颖的研究不仅提供了对海马体功能的深入了解，而且为使用类似原理的先进假肢设备铺平了道路。在这项研究中使用BMI为探索和理解大脑提供了新的途径，潜在的应用扩展到创新假肢解决方案的开发)”可知，作者认为这项研究不仅提供了对海马体功能的深入了解，而且为使用类似原理的先进假肢设备铺平了道路。由此可知，作者对这项研究持乐观态度。故选C项。 4. 主旨大意题。文章第一段“Now, researchers at HHMT’s Janelia Research Campus have found that rats also possess an imagination, which was thought to be a uniquely human characteristic.(现在，HHMT的Janelia研究校区的研究人员发现，老鼠也有想象力，这被认为是人类独有的特征)”提出研究发现老鼠也有想象力，文章第二至四段集中讲的是实验的过程、实验结果以及研究人员的看法，文章第五段“Therefore, the new work shows that animals probably, like humans, possess a form of imagination.(因此，这项新研究表明，动物可能像人类一样，拥有一种想象力)”，文章最后一段“This novel research not only provides insights into hippocampal function but also paves the way for advanced prosthetic (假肢) devices that use similar principles. The use of BMI in this study offers anew pathway for exploring and understanding the brain, with potential applications extending into the development of innovation prosthetic solutions.(这项新颖的研究不仅提供了对海马体功能的深入了解，而且为使用类似原理的先进假肢设备铺平了道路。在这项研究中使用BMI为探索和理解大脑提供了新的途径，潜在的应用扩展到创新假肢解决方案的开发)”指出作者对于这项研究的态度以及这项研究的意义，纵观全文，文章都是在围绕着动物像人类一样也有想象力这一话题来展开的。由此可知，B项Animals can be as imaginative as humans.(动物可以像人类一样富有想象力)可以概括文章大意。故选B项。 【08】（24-25高二上·河北邯郸·期中）A recent study identified a genetic cause of left-handedness in some people. Researchers found rare variants (变体) of a gene involved in controlling the shape of cells. They found the variants to be 2. 7 times more common in left-handed people. These genetic variants account for possibly 0. 1 percent of left-handedness. But the researchers said a gene, called TUBB4B, might play a part in the development of brain asymmetry (不对称性) . In most people, the two halves of the brain have slightly different structures and are dominant for different activities. Clyde Francks of the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in the Netherlands suggested that for most people, the left side of the brain controls the dominant right hand. TUBB4B controls a protein that gets formed into filaments (丝状物) called microtubules. These microtubules give structure to the insides of cells. The changes in TUBB4B that are more common in left-handers suggest that microtubules are involved in setting up the brain’s normal asymmetries. The two brain halves start to develop differently in the human embryo (胚胎) . Scientists do not know the system that controls this. The study’s findings were based on genetic data from more than 350, 000 middle-aged to older adults in Britain. It was from the UK Biobank. About 11 percent of the people involved were left-handed. For most people, left - or right-handedness might come down to chance. Changes in the levels of some molecules (分子) during important times of brain development could influence it, Francks suggested. Historically, many cultures disapproved of left-handedness and forced people to become right-handed. In English, the word “right” also means “correct” or “proper”. And the expression a “left-handed compliment” means that a comment might seem nice but is an insult. The new findings might have use in the field of mental health. People with schizophrenia (精神分裂) are around twice as likely to be left-handed or ambidextrous (左右开弓的) . Francks observed that genes involved in developing the brain in early life might be involved in brain asymmetry and mental health. “Our study found suggestive evidence of this, and we have also seen it in previous studies where we looked at more common genetic variants in the population, ” Francks added. 1. What is the text mainly about? A. A recent breakthrough in brain research. B. The close relationship between genes and health. C. New discoveries about why some people are left-handed. D. A rare variant has been ultimately discovered by researchers. 2. What is the main function of microtubules? A. Controlling the left hand. B. Transporting a special protein. C. Continuously changing TUBB4B. D. Establishing normal asymmetry in the brain. 3. What does the underlined phrase “an insult” mean in Paragraph 6? A. Rudeness. B. Explanation. C. Encouragement. D. Awareness. 4. What can be inferred about the new findings from the last paragraph? A. They prove left-handed people have serious mental health problems. B. They will overturn some previous conclusions. C. They have identified new genes involved in early brain development. D. They may contribute to further exploration of mental health. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一项关于左撇子成因的新研究。研究发现一种基因的罕见变体可能与左撇子有关，该变体影响的微管可能在大脑不对称性发展中起作用。此外，还提到了左撇子在不同文化中的看法以及该研究在心理健康领域可能的应用。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段和第二段“A recent study identified a genetic cause of left-handedness in some people. Researchers found rare variants (变体) of a gene involved in controlling the shape of cells. They found the variants to be 2. 7 times more common in left-handed people. These genetic variants account for possibly 0. 1 percent of left-handedness. But the researchers said a gene, called TUBB4B, might play a part in the development of brain asymmetry (不对称性) . In most people, the two halves of the brain have slightly different structures and are dominant for different activities. (最近的一项研究确定了一些人左撇子的遗传原因。研究人员发现了一种参与控制细胞形状的基因的罕见变体。他们发现这些变体在左撇子人群中的出现频率是正常人的2.7倍。这些遗传变体可能占左撇子的0.1%。但是研究人员表示，一种名为TUBB4B的基因可能在大脑不对称性的发展中起作用。在大多数人中，大脑的两个半球结构略有不同，并且在不同的活动中占主导地位。)”可知，文本主要讲述了一项关于左撇子成因的研究。研究发现了一种基因的罕见变体与左撇子有关，这种变体可能在大脑不对称性的发展中起作用，所以文本主要是关于一些人是左撇子的新发现。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The changes in TUBB4B that are more common in left-handers suggest that microtubules are involved in setting up the brain's normal asymmetries. (TUBB4B 的变化在左撇子中更为常见，这表明微管参与建立大脑的正常不对称性。)”可知，微管的主要作用是建立大脑的正常不对称性，故选D项。 3. 词句猜测题。根据第六段中“And the expression a ‘left-handed compliment’ means that a comment might seem nice but is an insult. (而“left-handed compliment”这个表达的意思是一种评论看似很好，但实际上是一……。)”可知，“left-handed compliment”看似好但实际上不是，也就是一种不好的、不恰当的表达。A“无礼的”与画线短语意义最为接近，故选A项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The new findings might have use in the field of mental health. (新发现可能在心理健康领域有用。)”可知，这些新发现可能在心理健康领域有作用，即可能有助于进一步探索心理健康，故选D项。 【09】（24-25高二上·广东清远·期中）Louis Pasteur was a world-famous French chemist and biologist. He is particularly famous for his work on rabies vaccine (狂犬病疫苗). The rabies virus enters the body through the bite of an infected animal or through infected saliva (唾液) entering an existing wound. After experimenting with the saliva of animals suffering from the disease, Pasteur concluded that the disease rests in the central nervous system of the body. By studying the tissue of infected animals — rabbits, Pasteur was able to produce a form of the virus. This could be used for inoculation (接种). On July 6, 1885, Pasteur tested his vaccine on a man for the first time. He saved the life of a young man called Joseph Meister who had been bitten by a rabid dog. Pasteur was urged to treat him with his new method. The treatment lasted 10 days and in the end Joseph recovered and remained healthy. Since then thousands have been saved by this treatment. On March 1886, Pasteur was invited to present his results to the Academy of Sciences and in 1888 went on to found the Pasteur Institute in Paris. This was a pioneering clinic for the study of infectious diseases, the treatment of rabies and a centre for teaching. Pasteur directed the institute personally until he died. The Pasteur Institute is still one of the most important centres in the world. Pasteur became a national hero and was honored in many ways. He died at Saint-Cloud on September 28, 1895 and was given a state funeral at the Cathedral of Notre Dame. Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains the virus prepared from human cells grown in the lab is safer and requires a shorter course of injections. 1. Rabies probably can destroy a person’s ________. A. nervous system B. blood C. skin D. saliva 2. What can we learn about Pasteur’s test of his vaccine on the man? A. It didn’t save the man’s life. B. The man was his second patient. C. It proved to be a great success. D. The man was sent to a clinic ten days later. 3. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Pasteur’s rabies vaccine is out of date. B. A new rabies vaccine has already been tested on patients. C. Injections of vaccine still take much time. D. Much improvement has been made on rabies vaccine. 4. What’s the text mainly about? A. The treatment for rabies. B. The introduction to rabies vaccine. C. An analysis of the cause of rabies. D. Pasteur’s devotion to rabies vaccine. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了路易•巴斯德发明狂犬病疫苗的过程及其影响。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“After experimenting with the saliva of animals suffering from the disease, Pasteur concluded that the disease rests in the central nervous system of the body.(经过对患病动物唾液的实验，巴斯德得出结论，这种疾病存在于身体的中枢神经系统中)”可知，狂犬病可能会破坏人的神经系统。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“He saved the life of a young man called Joseph Meister who had been bitten by a rabid dog.(他救了一位名叫约瑟夫•梅斯特的年轻人，这位年轻人被一只狂犬咬伤)”和“The treatment lasted 10 days and in the end he recovered and remained healthy. Since then thousands have been saved by this treatment.(治疗持续了10天，最终他康复并且保持健康。自那以后，数千人的生命因此得以挽救)”可知，巴斯德的疫苗测试取得了巨大成功。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains the virus prepared from human cells grown in the laboratory is safer and requires a shorter course of injections.(巴斯德方法的改进版本至今仍在狂犬病治疗中使用。一种更新的疫苗含有从实验室培养的人类细胞中提取的病毒，更加安全且所需的注射次数较少)”可推知，狂犬病疫苗已经有了很大的改进。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“He is particularly famous for his work on rabies vaccine (狂犬病疫苗).(他尤其以狂犬病疫苗的工作而闻名)”和文章最后一段“Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains the virus prepared from human cells grown in the laboratory is safer and requires a shorter course of injections.(巴斯德方法的改进版本至今仍在狂犬病治疗中使用。一种更新的疫苗含有从实验室培养的人类细胞中提取的病毒，更加安全且所需的注射次数较少)”可知，文章主要围绕路易•巴斯德为狂犬病疫苗所作出的奉献来展开。故选D。 【10】（24-25高三上·重庆·期中）The city of Antwerp in Belgium is encouraging people to try out gardening in a very unusual way. If you ride the NO.1 tram (电车), you may have gotten a glimpse of a rolling urban garden going down the tracks. That’s because the inside of one of the trams was turned into a garden complete with plants hanging from the ceilings and walls. The decorative tram operated for a day in early June 2023 as a way to inspire people to make their city greener. After all, if a 35-meter-long tram can become a forest inside, so can ordinary people’s homes. The tram was part of the Neighborhood In Bloom initiative that offers residents — with green thumbs — facade (建筑物正面) gardens, plants, and garlands (花环) to hang between homes. The facade gardens can hang between houses across the street from one another. The district is responsible for creating the gardens, while the residents are responsible for the care and feeding of the garden. This is part of the new edition of Neighborhood in Bloom. Since the initiative began in 2022, more than 200 facade greens, 170 sections of new trees, and over 100 green garlands were created. Urban gardens do more than just beautify a city. Plants and trees can help to cool cities and mitigate urban heat island effects as well as help to clean the air. They also give a home to nesting birds, squirrels and beneficial insects. Green spaces are also very good for people’ s wellbeing. Spending time in nature can help lift your mood, reduce stress, improve sleep, and promote physical and mental health. Creating your own urban green space is easy thanks to initiatives like Neighborhood in Bloom. So, if you have a green thumb, plant a garden and enjoy all the benefits that an urban garden has to offer. 1. Why did Antwerp turn a tram into a garden? A. To sell more plants. B. To attract more visitors. C. To beautify the tracks. D. To get people to garden. 2. What is the public’s attitude towards the Neighborhood in Bloom initiative? A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Intolerant. D. Unclear. 3. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Increase. B. Create. C. Reduce. D. Investigate. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Antwerp’s initiative to green urban areas. B. Antwerp’s national gardening month. C. A temporary tram turned into a forest. D. The benefits of urban gardens for health. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了比利时安特卫普市通过将电车变成移动花园的创新方式，鼓励市民参与园艺活动，以此美化城市并提高居民的生活质量。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The city of Antwerp in Belgium is encouraging people to try out gardening in a very unusual way.(比利时安特卫普市鼓励人们以一种非常不同寻常的方式尝试园艺)”和第二段“The decorative tram operated for a day in early June 2023 as a way to inspire people to make their city greener. After all, if a 35-meter-long tram can become a forest inside, so can ordinary people’s homes.(这款装饰有轨电车在2023年6月初运营了一天，以此激励人们让城市变得更环保。毕竟，如果35米长的有轨电车可以成为内部的森林，那么普通人的家也可以)”可知，安特卫普将电车变成花园的目的是为了激励人们进行园艺活动。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Since the initiative began in 2022, more than 200 facade greens, 170 sections of new trees, and over 100 green garlands were created.(自2022年该计划开始以来，已经创造了200多个立面花园、170段新树木区域和100多个绿色花环)”可知，该倡议自 2022 年开始以来，已经创造了超过 200个立面花园、170段新树木和 100多个绿色花环，这表明公众对Neighborhood in Bloom倡议持积极态度。故选B。 3. 词义猜测题。根据文章第五段划线词前文“Plants and trees can help to cool cities(植物和树木可以帮助城市降温)”及后文“as well as help to clean the air(也有助于清洁空气)”可知，结合上下文cool cities和help to clean the air，可以推断mitigate在这里的意思是减轻或降低（热岛效应），与reduce意思相近。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The city of Antwerp in Belgium is encouraging people to try out gardening in a very unusual way. If you ride the NO.1 tram, you may have gotten a glimpse of a rolling urban garden going down the tracks. That’s because the inside of one of the trams was turned into a garden complete with plants hanging from the ceilings and walls.(比利时安特卫普市鼓励人们以一种非常不同寻常的方式尝试园艺。如果你乘坐1号有轨电车，你可能会瞥见沿着轨道起伏的城市花园。这是因为其中一辆有轨电车的内部变成了一个花园，天花板和墙壁上都挂满了植物)”及全文内容，整篇文章主要介绍了安特卫普市通过Neighborhood in Bloom倡议，将电车变成花园，鼓励市民参与园艺活动，以此绿化城市区域。故选A。 【11】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）In the 1980s, Ray Barnett worked in Uganda as a humanitarian worker. One day, a boy went to him and showed his gratitude by singing a song, which deeply touched Barnett’s heart. “When I went back to Canada and people were not interested in Uganda, I remembered the small boy. I knew that if some Ugandan children could travel to the West, people would be deeply moved and would certainly want to help,” Barnett recalls. In April 1984, Barnett and a team of volunteers travelled back to Uganda to select 31 children who would become the first African Children’s Choir. In September 1984, the choir arrived in North America and achieved more throughout their tour than Barnett could imagine. They inspired audiences with their stories through music, dance and drama and raised enough funds to open a children’s home in Uganda. This provided a stable environment and a quality education for the choir children and other children who needed care. While Barnett had thought of the choir as a one-time attempt, the choir’s instant popularity and the ongoing needs in Uganda convinced him to continue with choir work. In 1985, a second choir was selected from an orphanage home in Makerere, Kikoni, and the African Children’s Choir began another tour. Its success meant it was able to provide for many children beyond those in the choir. Over the next years, six more homes were established to cater for vulnerable children. A number of special literacy schools were established where the children learned how to read and write, and gained confidence and skills. The organization next established a sponsorship programme to help the children move further in their schooling. In 1990, the African Children’s Choir spread its wings and opened in Kenya. In 1994, it opened in Rwanda. In 1996, it opened another branch in South Sudan, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa. Currently, the African Children’s Choir is made up of 44 choirs, each with between 17-24 members, both boys and girls aged between 7-15. 1. Why did Barnett return to Uganda in 1984? A. To provide humanitarian aid to the area. B. To search for the boy he had met before. C. To organize a choir to help poor children. D. To send donations from Canadians to Uganda. 2. How was the children’s first performance? A. It was an unexpected hit. B. It barely covered its costs. C. It was an ordinary attempt. D. It was enjoyed by orphans. 3. What can we infer about the African Children’s Choir from the last two paragraphs? A. It is well-received by local parents and schools. B. It has grown rapidly and more kids benefit from it. C. It suffers financial difficulty and requires sponsoring. D. It pays more attention to kids’ schooling instead of music. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. A great choir brings hope to African kids. B. Music is a bridge across different cultures. C. The African Children’s Choir changes Africa. D. Music can shake off poverty and bring happiness. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Ray Barnett创立非洲儿童合唱团的过程及其对非洲贫困儿童生活的积极影响。 1. 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“In April 1984, Barnett and a team of volunteers travelled back to Uganda to select 31 children who would become the first African Children’s Choir. (1984年4月，巴内特和一组志愿者回到乌干达，挑选31名儿童，他们将成为第一个非洲儿童合唱团。)”和第二段中“They inspired audiences with their stories through music, dance and drama and raised enough funds to open a children’s home in Uganda. This provided a stable environment and a quality education for the choir children and other children who needed care. (他们用音乐、舞蹈和戏剧的故事激励着观众，并筹集了足够的资金在乌干达开设了一个儿童之家。这为合唱团的孩子和其他需要照顾的孩子提供了一个稳定的环境和优质的教育。)”可知，Barnett 返回乌干达是为了挑选孩子组成合唱团，以帮助贫困儿童。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“In September 1984, the choir arrived in North America and achieved more throughout their tour than Barnett could imagine. They inspired audiences with their stories through music, dance and drama and raised enough funds to open a children’s home in Uganda. This provided a stable environment and a quality education for the choir children and other children who needed care. (1984年9月，合唱团抵达北美，并在整个巡演中取得了巴尼特无法想象的成就。他们用音乐、舞蹈和戏剧的故事激励着观众，并筹集了足够的资金在乌干达开设了一个儿童之家。这为合唱团的孩子和其他需要照顾的孩子提供了一个稳定的环境和优质的教育。)”可知，孩子们的第一次演出超乎想象地成功。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Over the next years, six more homes were established to cater for vulnerable children. A number of special literacy schools were established where the children learned how to read and write, and gained confidence and skills. The organization next established a sponsorship programme to help the children move further in their schooling. (在接下来的几年里，又建立了6个家庭来照顾弱势儿童。建立了一些特殊的扫盲学校，在那里孩子们学习如何阅读和写作，并获得信心和技能。该组织随后设立了一个赞助计划，帮助孩子们在学业上更进一步。)”和最后一段“In 1990, the African Children’s Choir spread its wings and opened in Kenya. In 1994, it opened in Rwanda. In 1996, it opened another branch in South Sudan, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa. Currently, the African Children’s Choir is made up of 44 choirs, each with between 17-24 members, both boys and girls aged between 7-15. (1990年，非洲儿童唱诗班在肯尼亚展翅高飞。1994年，它在卢旺达开业。1996年，它在南苏丹、尼日利亚、加纳和南非又开设了一家分店。目前，非洲儿童合唱团由44个合唱团组成，每个合唱团有17-24名成员，年龄在7-15岁之间，既有男孩也有女孩。)”可知，合唱团发展迅速，更多孩子从中受益。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“I knew that if some Ugandan children could travel to the West, people would be deeply moved and would certainly want to help,” Barnett recalls. In April 1984, Barnett and a team of volunteers travelled back to Uganda to select 31 children who would become the first African Children’s Choir. (我知道，如果一些乌干达儿童能够去西方旅行，人们会深受感动，当然会想要帮助他们，”巴内特回忆道。1984年4月，巴内特和一组志愿者回到乌干达，挑选31名儿童，他们将成为第一个非洲儿童合唱团。)”根据第二段中“They inspired audiences with their stories through music, dance and drama and raised enough funds to open a children’s home in Uganda. This provided a stable environment and a quality education for the choir children and other children who needed care. (他们用音乐、舞蹈和戏剧的故事激励着观众，并筹集了足够的资金在乌干达开设了一个儿童之家。这为合唱团的孩子和其他需要照顾的孩子提供了一个稳定的环境和优质的教育)”可知，和最后一段“In 1990, the African Children’s Choir spread its wings and opened in Kenya. In 1994, it opened in Rwanda. In 1996, it opened another branch in South Sudan, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa. Currently, the African Children’s Choir is made up of 44 choirs, each with between 17-24 members, both boys and girls aged between 7-15. (1990年，非洲儿童唱诗班在肯尼亚展翅高飞。1994年，它在卢旺达开业。1996年，它在南苏丹、尼日利亚、加纳和南非又开设了一家分店。目前，非洲儿童合唱团由44个合唱团组成，每个合唱团有17-24名成员，年龄在7-15岁之间，既有男孩也有女孩。)”可知，全文围绕非洲儿童合唱团的成立和发展，以及它如何为非洲的孩子们带来希望和改变展开，选项A“A great choir brings hope to African kids. (一个伟大的合唱团给非洲孩子带来了希望。)”符合题意。故选A。 【12】（24-25高三上·山东·阶段练习）A team of researchers looked at a decade’s worth of responses to an online survey about morals and analyzed how these responses changed from one season to the next. Their findings suggest that, at a population level, people are less likely to endorse(赞成)more traditional moral values in summer and winter. The researchers relied on data from a website called YourMorals. org, which offers a “moral foundations questionnaire” where respondents can rate how strongly they agree or disagree that something is right or wrong. The questions were based on moral foundations theory to explore why morality seems to follow similar patterns across populations from very different cultures. According to the theory, morality can be broken down into five foundational values care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity-and these belong to two groups: individualizing values and binding values. The seasonal pattern in response was not evident for all types of values. For instance, individualizing values, focusing on the morality of individual rights, showed little variation over time and didn’t follow a seasonal trend. However, binding values values that prioritize the needs of one’s group, including loyalty, respect for authority, and purity of tradition--followed a biannual pattern. To attempt to better understand the results, the researchers also looked at patterns in Google search results related to anxiety. What they found was that population-level patterns in anxiety also followed a seasonal cycle peaking in the spring and fall, which suggests a potential correlation(关联性). Spring and fall are often thought of as the most pleasant seasons, so an increase in anxiety during these times might seem unexpected. But it’s possible that increases in school and work - related changes during these times could play some role. They also suggest that anxiety might decrease in winter due to seasonal holidays, and in summer due to warmer weather and increased vegetation. “We often think of moral values as these unchangeable principles that we hold close,” Professor Hohm says. But they’re actually subject to all kinds of influences that might pass us by unnoticed. Being aware of how that happens could help us better understand and plan for seasonal shifts. 1. Which will not follow a seasonal trend? A. Purity of tradition. B. Loyalty to one’s party. C. Fairness among people. D. Respect for authority. 2. Why do people feel most anxious in spring and autumn? A. Changes in temperature. B. Increased holiday expenses. C. Reduction in vegetable varieties D. New challenges from school and work. 3. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Moral values are steady. B. Moral principles are changeable. C. Moral influences may be ignored. D. Moral changes can affect plan making. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. Our morals change with the seasons. B. Anxiety rises when we feel threatened. C. Seasons influence our minds and behaviors. D. Individualizing values and binding values differ. 【答案】`. C 1. D 2. D 3. A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了我们的道德观念随季节而变化的影响。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The seasonal pattern in response was not evident for all types of values. For instance, individualizing values,focusing on the morality of individual rights, showed little variation over time and didn’t follow a seasonal trend. However, binding values values that prioritize the needs of one's group, including loyalty, respect for authority, and purity of tradition--followed a biannual pattern.(对所有类型的数值而言，季节性模式的响应并不明显。例如，注重个人权利道德性的个体化价值观，在时间上几乎没有变化，也没有遵循季节趋势。然而，有约束力的价值观——优先考虑个人群体的需求，包括忠诚、尊重权威和传统的纯洁——遵循了一年两次的模式)”可知，忠诚、尊重权威和传统的纯洁都遵循了季节趋势，人与人之间的公平属于个人权利道德性个体化价值观，不遵循季节趋势。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Spring and fall are often thought of as the most pleasant seasons, so an increase in anxiety during these times might seem unexpected. But it’s possible that increases in school and work- related changes during these times could play some role.(春天和秋天通常被认为是最愉快的季节，所以在这段时间增加焦虑似乎是出乎意料的。但在这段时间里，与学校和工作相关的变化可能会起到一些作用)”可知，春秋季的焦虑来自学校和工作的新挑战。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““We often think of moral values as these unchangeable principles that we hold close,” Professor Hohm says. But they're actually subject to all kinds of influences that might pass us by unnoticed.Being aware of how that happens could help us better understand and plan for seasonal shifts.(“我们通常认为道德价值观是我们所坚守的不可改变的原则，”霍姆教授说。“但实际上，它们受到各种各样的影响，我们可能不会注意到它们。意识到这是如何发生的可以帮助我们更好地理解和计划季节变化。”)”可知，道德价值观受到各种各样的影响，道德上的改变会影响计划的制定。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A team of researchers looked at a decade’s worth of responses to an online survey about morals and analyzed how these responses changed from one season to the next. Their findings suggest that, at a population level, people are less likely to endorse(赞成)more traditional moral values in summer and winter.(一组研究人员研究了10年来一项关于道德的在线调查的回答，并分析了这些回答在不同季节的变化。他们的研究结果表明，就总体而言，人们在夏天和冬天不太可能认同更传统的道德价值观)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了我们的道德观念随季节而变化的影响。故选A。 【13】（24-25高三上·上海黄浦·阶段练习）When a senior manager sits down with a prospective employee for an in-person interview, the preferred questions often stick to the applicant’s interest in the position and company, according to a survey by staffing firm Accountemps. But questions can sometimes be a bit more... wacky. “What kind of animals would you be?” is one of the unique questions mentioned by senior managers in the survey. It is a way to keep interviewees on their feet and stimulate interesting discussion. However, such questions are asked less frequently, the research shows. Just 6 percent of senior managers said their favorite questions to ask are theoretical questions, the lowest total except for “other, ” which also came in at 6 percent. A lot of senior managers said their favorite questions are ones “relating to the position or company,” at 39 percent. These questions include “Why do you want to work here?”, “What do you know about this company?” etc. They are meant to determine if candidates have done their homework and how enthusiastic they are about the position. Questions about “previous or current experience” were referred to by 22 percent of senior managers as their favorite type of question. These inquiries — “Why did you leave your last job?” and “What did you like or dislike about your last job?” for instance — are meant to look into applicants’ work history patterns and their overall fit for the position. Further down the list, 18 percent of senior managers’ favorite questions had to do with personalities and characteristics. They prefer, for example, “What are your strengths and weaknesses?” and “What’ re your hobbies?”. And 10 percent had to do with personal goals and interests (“Where do you see yourself in five or 10 years?”) . That means that managers strongly prefer to ask candidates questions about their interest in the position and work history. But there’s always room for a sudden surprise. 1. In this passage, the word “wacky” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to “_________”. A. common B. aggressive C. inevitable D. weird 2. According to the survey, senior managers’ most preferred questions are meant to find out _________. A. what work experience candidates had B. how well- prepared candidates are C. what candidates are most interested in D. how knowledgeable candidates are 3. What will senior managers ask to determine low suitable a candidate is for the position? A. What kind of animal would you be? B. Why do you want to work here? C. What did you like or dislike about your last job? D. Where do you see yourself in five or 10 years? 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. Interview questions favoured by managers. B. Managers’ attitudes to interview questions. C. How managers prepare interview questions. D. How managers make interview questions interesting. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项关于高级经理在面试中喜欢提问的问题类型的调查结果，包括不同类型问题的目的以及经理们最倾向的问题类型。 1. 词义猜测题。根据第一段“When a senior manager sits down with a prospective employee for an in-person interview, the preferred questions often stick to the applicant's interest in the position and company(当一位高级经理与潜在员工进行面对面面试时，他们喜欢问的问题通常集中在应聘者对该职位和公司的兴趣上)”以及第二段““What kind of animals would you be? ” is one of the unique questions mentioned by senior managers in the survey.(“你希望成为哪种动物？”这是调查中高级经理提到的一个独特问题。)”可知，高级经理在面试时通常会问一些关于应聘者对职位和公司的兴趣的问题，但有时问题可能会有点不同寻常。“weird”意为“奇怪的；怪异的”，与“wacky” 意思最为接近。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“These questions include “Why do you want to work here?”, “What do you know about this company?” etc. They are meant to determine if candidates have done their homework and how enthusiastic they are about the position(这些问题包括“你为什么想在这里工作？”，“你对这家公司了解多少？”等。它们旨在确定候选人是否做好了准备以及他们对这个职位的热情程度如何)”可知，高级经理最喜欢问的问题是与职位或公司相关的问题，目的是确定应聘者是否做了准备以及他们对职位的热情程度。即这些问题是为了了解应聘者准备得有多充分。故选B项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Questions about “previous or current experience” were referred to by 22 percent of senior managers as their favorite type of question. These inquiries — “Why did you leave your last job?” and “What did you like or dislike about your last job?” for instance — are meant to look into applicants’ work history patterns and their overall fit for the position(关于“以前或当前经历”的问题被22%的高级管理人员认为是他们最喜欢的问题类型。这些问题，例如“你为什么离开上一份工作？”和“你喜欢或不喜欢上一份工作的哪些方面？”旨在探究申请人的工作历史模式以及他们与职位的整体匹配度)”可知，高级经理会问关于应聘者上一份工作的喜欢或不喜欢之处等问题来确定应聘者是否适合这个职位。故选C项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“When a senior manager sits down with a prospective employee for an in- person interview, the preferred questions often stick to the applicant’s interest in the position and company, according to a survey by staffing firm Accountemps. But questions can sometimes be a bit more... wacky.( 当一位高级经理与潜在员工进行面对面的面试时，根据人事公司Accountemps的一项调查，他们喜欢问的问题通常围绕申请者对职位和公司的兴趣。但有时候问题可能会有些古怪)”、第二段““What kind of animals would you be?” is one of the unique questions mentioned by senior managers in the survey.(“你希望成为哪种动物？”这是调查中高级经理提到的一个独特问题)”以及最后一段“That means that managers strongly prefer to ask candidates questions about their interest in the position and work history. But there’s always room for a sudden surprise(这意味着经理们更喜欢询问候选人关于他们对职位的兴趣和工作历史的问题。但总有可能出现意外情况)”可知，文章主要介绍了高级经理在面试中喜欢提问的问题类型，包括与职位或公司相关的问题、关于工作经验的问题、关于个性和特点的问题以及关于个人目标和兴趣的问题等。所以这篇文章主要是关于经理们喜欢的面试问题。故选A项。 试卷第36页，共37页 26 / 27 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题36 八省联考阅读微技能之文章大意题 （满分攻略+八省名校模拟）原卷版 （山西、河南、陕西、内蒙古、四川、云南、宁夏、青海） 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，提供高效提分干货，帮你举一反三提分 一、记叙文主旨大意题 1.看首段和尾段，以尾段为主 2.借助主题词或关键词归纳 二、说明文和议论文主旨大意题 1.看首段和每段段首句，以首段为主 2.借助主题词或关键词归纳 三、文章大意题错误选项典型错误 一是“以偏概全”：选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意； 二是“概括宽泛”：所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容； 三是“无中生有”：即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。 四、文章大意五种题型 题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。 题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。 题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ short, all in all, in conclusion, in a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。 题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 五、文章大意题思维导图 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分技巧和应试思维！ (2024新课标II卷第31题)We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ 【01】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）In the 1980s, Ray Barnett worked in Uganda as a humanitarian worker. One day, a boy went to him and showed his gratitude by singing a song, which deeply touched Barnett’s heart. “When I went back to Canada and people were not interested in Uganda, I remembered the small boy. I knew that if some Ugandan children could travel to the West, people would be deeply moved and would certainly want to help,” Barnett recalls. In April 1984, Barnett and a team of volunteers travelled back to Uganda to select 31 children who would become the first African Children’s Choir. In September 1984, the choir arrived in North America and achieved more throughout their tour than Barnett could imagine. They inspired audiences with their stories through music, dance and drama and raised enough funds to open a children’s home in Uganda. This provided a stable environment and a quality education for the choir children and other children who needed care. While Barnett had thought of the choir as a one-time attempt, the choir’s instant popularity and the ongoing needs in Uganda convinced him to continue with choir work. In 1985, a second choir was selected from an orphanage home in Makerere, Kikoni, and the African Children’s Choir began another tour. Its success meant it was able to provide for many children beyond those in the choir. Over the next years, six more homes were established to cater for vulnerable children. A number of special literacy schools were established where the children learned how to read and write, and gained confidence and skills. The organization next established a sponsorship programme to help the children move further in their schooling. In 1990, the African Children’s Choir spread its wings and opened in Kenya. In 1994, it opened in Rwanda. In 1996, it opened another branch in South Sudan, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa. Currently, the African Children’s Choir is made up of 44 choirs, each with between 17-24 members, both boys and girls aged between 7-15. 1. Why did Barnett return to Uganda in 1984? A. To provide humanitarian aid to the area. B. To search for the boy he had met before. C. To organize a choir to help poor children. D. To send donations from Canadians to Uganda. 2. How was the children’s first performance? A. It was an unexpected hit. B. It barely covered its costs. C. It was an ordinary attempt. D. It was enjoyed by orphans. 3. What can we infer about the African Children’s Choir from the last two paragraphs? A. It is well-received by local parents and schools. B. It has grown rapidly and more kids benefit from it. C. It suffers financial difficulty and requires sponsoring. D. It pays more attention to kids’ schooling instead of music. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. A great choir brings hope to African kids. B. Music is a bridge across different cultures. C. The African Children’s Choir changes Africa. D. Music can shake off poverty and bring happiness. 【02】（23-24高三上·江西赣州·期末）Ships are the lifeline of trade among countries. Almost everything, from food to machinery, comes by way of the sea in huge ships piloted by captains. But the captain of a ship is responsible for guiding the vessel until they hit a port, waiting to enter the harbor. The task of bringing the ship into the harbor and docking it is taken up by a different captain. This captain is called a marine pilot. A marine pilot is a boat pilot with specialized knowledge of a particular port or harbor. The pilot is needed to direct large ships into a port, where there are often deep-water channels surrounded by shallower seabeds. Without the services of a marine pilot, docking ships would be hazardous. There would be a real chance of running aground and damaging the ship and the cargo, some of which might be dangerous if released into a water-based ecosystem. In addition to the shallower seabeds, tide and wind pose further challenges for bringing ships into a port. During different tides, currents may change from one direction to the other. The same strategy for docking a ship during an incoming tide may not work during an outgoing tide. Also, the wind can significantly alter the direction of the ship and how it reacts, adding to the difficulty of docking the ship. Marine pilotage is a job that requires a high degree of proficiency as well as quick and independent thinking. Above all, it is about risk management. A marine pilot goes on board at a crucial time and controls the ship based on his or her knowledge of the port and the situation at hand. The pilot is responsible for not only the safety of the ship but also the protection of the port and the marine environment. 1. What is the passage mainly about? A. A special profession. B. Shipping and trading. C. Guidelines for safe docking. D. Protection of the marine environment. 2. Which of the following is part of the knowledge that a marine pilot must have? A. The value of the ships. B. The content of the cargo. C. The weather conditions. D. The diversity of marine life. 3. What does “a crucial time” in the last paragraph refer to? A. When the ship departs from port. B. When the channel is not deep enough. C. When there is a crash of two ships. D. When a ship is waiting to enter the port. 4. How does the author conclude the passage in the last paragraph? A. By adding new details. B. By predicting future development. C. By summarizing the main points. D. By giving advice to the general public. 【03】（2024·四川德阳·一模）Dog owners often believe that their pets understand commands such as “sit” and “stay”, and even associate words with their favorite objects. “Bring me your ball” will often result in exactly that. But science has had trouble determining whether dogs and other animals truly create a mental image in their minds upon hearing the name of an object, a relationship with language called referential understanding, which would suggest a deeper understanding of language, like the kind that humans have. A recent study conducted in Hungary, appearing in Current Biology, explores this issue. It involved 18 dogs and employed a non-invasive EEG procedure to measure their brain activity. Researchers played audio clips of their owners saying the names of objects, such as “ball” or “frisbee”, and then showed the dogs either the corresponding object or a different one to see if dogs would show a distinct brain response when the object matched the word compared to when it did not. Boros, a co-lead writer of the study, said “A different brain pattern appeared when the dogs were shown an object that matched the word compared to when it did not, indicating that they might create a mental image of the object upon hearing its name. That was previously unproven.” Lilla Magyari, another co-lead writer, noted that while other animals have shown some level of referential understanding, they often require extensive training. In contrast, the study suggests that in dogs, such abilities appear to be inborn and require no special training or talent. This finding supports that referential understanding is not necessarily unique to humans. Despite the study’s promising results, some experts are skeptical. Clive Wynne from Arizona State University argued on Facebook that the study only demonstrates dogs’ responses to stimuli (刺激物), rather than an understanding of specific words. He doubts whether dogs grasp the exact meaning of words. Scientists believe the first dogs began to be kept by humans up to 30,000 years ago. The animals have lived closely alongside us ever since. However, whether this long history of cohabitation contributed to their ability to understand referential language remains an open question. 1. What does “referential understanding” refer to? A. Associating words with emotions. B. Responding actively to commands. C. Forming mental images of objects. D. Learning objects through training. 2. How did researchers test dogs’ brain responses? A. By using different audio tones. B. By adjusting shapes of objects. C. By matching objects with words. D. By comparing different objects. 3. Which does Clive Wynne agree with about the study? A. It overestimates dogs’ cognitive abilities. B. It is widely accepted by the scientific field. C. It proves dogs know specific words very well. D. It provides a new insight about dogs’ evolution. 4. What’s the text mainly about? A. What dog owners’ belief about their pets is. B. What dogs’ response to the different objects is. C. Whether we can train dogs to follow commands. D. Whether referential understanding exists in Dogs. 【04】（24-25高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习）For more than two decades, Elon Musk has focused SpaceX, his rocket company, on his lifelong goal of reaching Mars. Over the last year, he has also built up work on what will happen if he gets there. Mr. Musk, 53, has directed SpaceX employees to drill into the design and details of a Martian city, according to five people with knowledge of the efforts and documents viewed by The New York Times. One team is drawing up plans for small dome habitats, including the materials that could be used to build them. Another is working on spacesuits to combat Mars's hostile environment, while a medical team is researching whether humans can have children there. These initiatives, which are at their early stage, are a shift toward more concrete planning for life on Mars as Mr. Musk's timeline has hastened (加速). While he said in 2016 that it would take 40 to 100 years to have a self- sustaining civilization on the planet, Mr. Musk told SpaceX employees in April that he now expects one million people to be living there in about 20 years. Mr. Musk has long tried to defy(违抗) the impossible and has often managed to beat tough odds. But his vision for life on Mars takes his seemingly limitless ambitions to their most extreme — and some might say absurdist — point. No one has ever set foot on the planet. NASA doesn't expect to land humans on Mars until the 2040s. And if people get there, they will be greeted by a barren terrain, icy temperatures, dust storms, and air that is impossible to breathe. Yet Mr. Musk is so wedded (执着) to the idea of creating a civilization on Mars — he once said he plans to die there — that it has pushed nearly every business endeavor he has undertaken on Earth. His vision for Mars underlies most of the six companies that he leads or owns, each of which could potentially contribute to a space colony, according to the documents and the people with knowledge of the efforts. The Boring Company, a private tunneling venture founded by Mr. Musk, was started in part to ready equipment to dig under Mars's surface, two of the people said. Mr. Musk has told people that he bought X, the social media platform, partly to help test how a citizen-led government that rules by consensus might work on Mars. He has also said that he envisions residents on the planet will drive a version of the steel-paneled Cybertrucks made by Tesla, his electric vehicle company. 1. What measures are being taken by SpaceX to realize their dream of Mars? A. Designing large spaceships and building hospitals. B. Planning for habitats and designing spacesuits. C. Developing technologies and training medical teams. D. Building space stations and inspiring employees to strive. 2. How do some people find Mr. Musk's vision for Mars? A. Practical and achievable. B. Unreasonable and time- consuming. C. Theoretical and promising. D. Over-ambitious and ridiculous. 3. Why did Mr. Musk purchase X social media platform? A. Because he intended to create a company on Mars. B. Because he was interested in promoting social network on Mars. C. Because he wanted to make profits by running it on Mars. D. Because he dream t of a resident- managed government for Mars. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. Elon Musk's determination and initiatives to put people on Mars. B. Elon Musk's efforts to overcome the challenges of exploring Mars. C. Elon Musk's overall vision for the future development of Mars. D. Elon Musk's companies on Mars and their contributions. 【05】（24-25高二上·全国·单元测试）If you could change your children’s DNA in the future to protect them against diseases, would you? It could be possible because of technology known as CRISPR/Cas, or just CRISPR. CRISPR involves a piece of RNA, a chemical messenger, designed to work on one part of DNA; it also uses an enzyme that can take unwanted genes out and put new ones in, according to The Economist. There are other ways of editing DNA, but CRISPR will do it very simply, quickly, and exactly. The use of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything from Alzheimer’s disease to cancer to AIDS. By allowing doctors to put just the right cancer⁃killing genes into a patient’s immune system, the technology could help greatly. In April scientists in China said they had tried using CRISPR to edit the genomes (基因组) of human embryos. Though the embryos would never turn into humans, this was the first time anyone had ever tried to edit DNA from human beings. With this in mind, the US National Academy of Sciences plans to discuss questions about CRISPR’s ethics (伦理标准). For example, CRISPR doesn’t work properly yet. As well as cutting the DNA it is looking for, it often cuts other DNA, too. In addition, we currently seem to have too little understanding of what DNA gives people what qualities. There are also moral questions. Of course, medicine already stops natural things from happening—for example, it saves people from infections. The opportunities to treat diseases make it hard to say we shouldn’t keep going. A harder question is whether it is ever right to edit human cells and make changes that are passed on to children. This is banned in 40 countries and restricted in many others. However, CRISPR means that if genes can be edited out, they can also be edited back in. It may be up to us as a society to decide when and where editing the genome is wrong. Also, according to The Economist, gene editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children: “Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs.” In the end, more research is still needed to see what we can and can’t do with CRISPR. “It’s still a huge mystery how we work,” Craig Mello, a UMass Chan Medical School biologist and Nobel Prize winner, told The Boston Globe. “We’re just trying to figure out this amazingly complicated thing we call life.” 1. According to the passage, what can we know about the technology of CRISPR? A. It is very safe because it only cuts the DNA it is looking for. B. It is banned in most countries and restricted in many others. C. It could cause parents to make unwise choices for their children. D. It could help us discover the link between DNA and the qualities it gives people. 2. What can be inferred from the passage? A. All diseases could probably be cured through the use of CRISPR. B. Scientists had never edited genomes before CRISPR was invented. C. CRISPR is a technology that uses an enzyme to work on RNA and DNA. D. CRISPR has proven to be the most effective way to protect children against diseases. 3. What is the author’s attitude towards CRISPR? A. Supportive. B. Worried. C. Negative. D. Objective. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. What we can and can’t do with CRISPR. B. How CRISPR was developed by scientists. C. The advantages of CRISPR and arguments about its ethics. D. Scientists’ experiments of using CRISPR to edit human embryos. 【06】（2024·福建宁德·三模）Ammonia (氨) is one of many pollutants present in wastewater and can be poisonous for marine and land life. Therefore, in a process called air stripping(空气吹脱), it is removed from wastewater and later use o as a fertilizer or fuel. Air stripping transforms ammonia into a gas that can then escape the wastewater from its surface. But this process is not efficient: it is energy-intensive, and requires specific temperatures, air supply, and a lot of chemicals, making it expensive. Addressing these disadvantages, researchers from South Korea have demonstrated that the simple application of an electric field during air stripping can considerably improve the efficiency of ammonia removal, even under sub-standard conditions. “So far, the removal of ammonia from wastewater was thought to be dependent on only pH, temperature, and air supply. However we have shown that an electric field can also act as a modulator (调节器) of this process,” says Prof. Young-Chae Song, the lead investigator on this study. Prof. Song and his team used a combination of live experiments with an ammonia removal tank and deep learning to understand how electric fields of different strengths influence the efficiency of ammonia removal from wastewater. They found that electric fields with an alternating current of 50 MHz and a power of 15 V/cm significantly improve the ammonia removal efficiency, increasing it from 51% to 94%, even under sub-standard conditions. Therefore, improved ammonia yields could be achieved while considerably reducing the consumption of energy and chemicals. Prof. Song comments, “Our findings showed that electric field application provides a similar efficiency of ammonia removal to conventional methods at a much lower temperature, air supply, and pH. Moreover, the energy needed to power the electric field is a minute part of the energy required to achieve these ‘excellent’ conditions.” Indeed, this new electric field-coupled platform could provide a more economical way of getting-ammonia from wastewater and reducing the carbon footprint associated with this process. 1. What happens to ammonia during air stripping? A. It becomes a fertilizer. B. It stays on the water. C. It changes into another state. D. It disappears in the process. 2. What can be inferred from Prof. Song’s words? A. Electric fields slow the process of the removal. B. Much energy is needed to achieve good conditions. C. The removal of ammonia depends on electric fields. D. The use of electric fields improves the traditional method. 3. What is the function of the new platform? A. To power air stripping. B. To lower the temperature. C. To provide economical energy. D. To remove ammonia at a lower cost. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The discovery of electric fields. B. An electric field-coupled platform. C. A new technological advancement. D. Electric field s of different strengths. 【07】（23-24高二上·江苏镇江·期中）As humans, we live in our thoughts: from pondering what to make for dinner to daydreaming about our last beach vacation. Now, researchers at HHMT’s Janelia Research Campus have found that rats also possess an imagination, which was thought to be a uniquely human characteristic. In a collaboration between the labs of Tim Harris and Albert Lee, an innovative system was designed that combines virtual reality (VR) with a brain-machine interface (BM人机界面). This enabled the researchers to explore the world of a rat’s inner thoughts. The real-time “thought detector” was designed to measure neural (神经的) activity and translate what it meant. The results show that rats are capable of thinking about places or objects that are not immediately present, which is comparable to a human mentally planning a walk to a particular location. These internal experiences activate obvious neural patterns in the hippocampus (海马体) — the part of the brain that is responsible for spatial memory. According to the study, rats can even voluntarily conduct these activity patterns to recollect distant locations apart from their current positions. “The rat can indeed activate the representation of places in the environment without going there,” says Chongxi Lai, a postdoc in the Harris and Lee Labs and first author of a paper describing the new findings. “Even if his physical body is fixed, his spatial thoughts can go to a very remote location.” This ability to imagine locations away from one’s current position is fundamental to remembering past events and imagining possible future scenarios. Therefore, the new work shows that animals probably, like humans, possess a form of imagination. “To imagine is one of the remarkable things that humans can do. Now we have found that rats can do it too, and we found a way to study it,” said study co-author Albert Lee. This novel research not only provides insights into hippocampal function but also paves the way for advanced prosthetic (假肢) devices that use similar principles. The use of BMI in this study offers anew pathway for exploring and understanding the brain, with potential applications extending into the development of innovation prosthetic solutions. 1. What does the underlined word “pondering” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Considering. B. Tackling. C. Measuring. D. Urging. 2. Why was the new system applied in the experiment? A. To prevent the rats from escaping. B. To transport rats to a particular location. C. To compare humans and rats. D. To get a better understanding of rats’ inner thoughts. 3. What is the author’s attitude toward this study? A. Doubtful. B. Unconcerned. C. Optimistic. D. Negative. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Rats can think about places or objects in the distance. B. Animals can be as imaginative as humans. C. Imagination is a special quality of humans. D. We humans are fond of eating and going on vacation. 【08】（24-25高二上·河北邯郸·期中）A recent study identified a genetic cause of left-handedness in some people. Researchers found rare variants (变体) of a gene involved in controlling the shape of cells. They found the variants to be 2. 7 times more common in left-handed people. These genetic variants account for possibly 0. 1 percent of left-handedness. But the researchers said a gene, called TUBB4B, might play a part in the development of brain asymmetry (不对称性) . In most people, the two halves of the brain have slightly different structures and are dominant for different activities. Clyde Francks of the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in the Netherlands suggested that for most people, the left side of the brain controls the dominant right hand. TUBB4B controls a protein that gets formed into filaments (丝状物) called microtubules. These microtubules give structure to the insides of cells. The changes in TUBB4B that are more common in left-handers suggest that microtubules are involved in setting up the brain’s normal asymmetries. The two brain halves start to develop differently in the human embryo (胚胎) . Scientists do not know the system that controls this. The study’s findings were based on genetic data from more than 350, 000 middle-aged to older adults in Britain. It was from the UK Biobank. About 11 percent of the people involved were left-handed. For most people, left - or right-handedness might come down to chance. Changes in the levels of some molecules (分子) during important times of brain development could influence it, Francks suggested. Historically, many cultures disapproved of left-handedness and forced people to become right-handed. In English, the word “right” also means “correct” or “proper”. And the expression a “left-handed compliment” means that a comment might seem nice but is an insult. The new findings might have use in the field of mental health. People with schizophrenia (精神分裂) are around twice as likely to be left-handed or ambidextrous (左右开弓的) . Francks observed that genes involved in developing the brain in early life might be involved in brain asymmetry and mental health. “Our study found suggestive evidence of this, and we have also seen it in previous studies where we looked at more common genetic variants in the population, ” Francks added. 1. What is the text mainly about? A. A recent breakthrough in brain research. B. The close relationship between genes and health. C. New discoveries about why some people are left-handed. D. A rare variant has been ultimately discovered by researchers. 2. What is the main function of microtubules? A. Controlling the left hand. B. Transporting a special protein. C. Continuously changing TUBB4B. D. Establishing normal asymmetry in the brain. 3. What does the underlined phrase “an insult” mean in Paragraph 6? A. Rudeness. B. Explanation. C. Encouragement. D. Awareness. 4. What can be inferred about the new findings from the last paragraph? A. They prove left-handed people have serious mental health problems. B. They will overturn some previous conclusions. C. They have identified new genes involved in early brain development. D. They may contribute to further exploration of mental health. 【09】（24-25高二上·广东清远·期中）Louis Pasteur was a world-famous French chemist and biologist. He is particularly famous for his work on rabies vaccine (狂犬病疫苗). The rabies virus enters the body through the bite of an infected animal or through infected saliva (唾液) entering an existing wound. After experimenting with the saliva of animals suffering from the disease, Pasteur concluded that the disease rests in the central nervous system of the body. By studying the tissue of infected animals — rabbits, Pasteur was able to produce a form of the virus. This could be used for inoculation (接种). On July 6, 1885, Pasteur tested his vaccine on a man for the first time. He saved the life of a young man called Joseph Meister who had been bitten by a rabid dog. Pasteur was urged to treat him with his new method. The treatment lasted 10 days and in the end Joseph recovered and remained healthy. Since then thousands have been saved by this treatment. On March 1886, Pasteur was invited to present his results to the Academy of Sciences and in 1888 went on to found the Pasteur Institute in Paris. This was a pioneering clinic for the study of infectious diseases, the treatment of rabies and a centre for teaching. Pasteur directed the institute personally until he died. The Pasteur Institute is still one of the most important centres in the world. Pasteur became a national hero and was honored in many ways. He died at Saint-Cloud on September 28, 1895 and was given a state funeral at the Cathedral of Notre Dame. Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains the virus prepared from human cells grown in the lab is safer and requires a shorter course of injections. 1. Rabies probably can destroy a person’s ________. A. nervous system B. blood C. skin D. saliva 2. What can we learn about Pasteur’s test of his vaccine on the man? A. It didn’t save the man’s life. B. The man was his second patient. C. It proved to be a great success. D. The man was sent to a clinic ten days later. 3. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Pasteur’s rabies vaccine is out of date. B. A new rabies vaccine has already been tested on patients. C. Injections of vaccine still take much time. D. Much improvement has been made on rabies vaccine. 4. What’s the text mainly about? A. The treatment for rabies. B. The introduction to rabies vaccine. C. An analysis of the cause of rabies. D. Pasteur’s devotion to rabies vaccine. 【10】（24-25高三上·重庆·期中）The city of Antwerp in Belgium is encouraging people to try out gardening in a very unusual way. If you ride the NO.1 tram (电车), you may have gotten a glimpse of a rolling urban garden going down the tracks. That’s because the inside of one of the trams was turned into a garden complete with plants hanging from the ceilings and walls. The decorative tram operated for a day in early June 2023 as a way to inspire people to make their city greener. After all, if a 35-meter-long tram can become a forest inside, so can ordinary people’s homes. The tram was part of the Neighborhood In Bloom initiative that offers residents — with green thumbs — facade (建筑物正面) gardens, plants, and garlands (花环) to hang between homes. The facade gardens can hang between houses across the street from one another. The district is responsible for creating the gardens, while the residents are responsible for the care and feeding of the garden. This is part of the new edition of Neighborhood in Bloom. Since the initiative began in 2022, more than 200 facade greens, 170 sections of new trees, and over 100 green garlands were created. Urban gardens do more than just beautify a city. Plants and trees can help to cool cities and mitigate urban heat island effects as well as help to clean the air. They also give a home to nesting birds, squirrels and beneficial insects. Green spaces are also very good for people’ s wellbeing. Spending time in nature can help lift your mood, reduce stress, improve sleep, and promote physical and mental health. Creating your own urban green space is easy thanks to initiatives like Neighborhood in Bloom. So, if you have a green thumb, plant a garden and enjoy all the benefits that an urban garden has to offer. 1. Why did Antwerp turn a tram into a garden? A. To sell more plants. B. To attract more visitors. C. To beautify the tracks. D. To get people to garden. 2. What is the public’s attitude towards the Neighborhood in Bloom initiative? A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Intolerant. D. Unclear. 3. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Increase. B. Create. C. Reduce. D. Investigate. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Antwerp’s initiative to green urban areas. B. Antwerp’s national gardening month. C. A temporary tram turned into a forest. D. The benefits of urban gardens for health. 【11】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）In the 1980s, Ray Barnett worked in Uganda as a humanitarian worker. One day, a boy went to him and showed his gratitude by singing a song, which deeply touched Barnett’s heart. “When I went back to Canada and people were not interested in Uganda, I remembered the small boy. I knew that if some Ugandan children could travel to the West, people would be deeply moved and would certainly want to help,” Barnett recalls. In April 1984, Barnett and a team of volunteers travelled back to Uganda to select 31 children who would become the first African Children’s Choir. In September 1984, the choir arrived in North America and achieved more throughout their tour than Barnett could imagine. They inspired audiences with their stories through music, dance and drama and raised enough funds to open a children’s home in Uganda. This provided a stable environment and a quality education for the choir children and other children who needed care. While Barnett had thought of the choir as a one-time attempt, the choir’s instant popularity and the ongoing needs in Uganda convinced him to continue with choir work. In 1985, a second choir was selected from an orphanage home in Makerere, Kikoni, and the African Children’s Choir began another tour. Its success meant it was able to provide for many children beyond those in the choir. Over the next years, six more homes were established to cater for vulnerable children. A number of special literacy schools were established where the children learned how to read and write, and gained confidence and skills. The organization next established a sponsorship programme to help the children move further in their schooling. In 1990, the African Children’s Choir spread its wings and opened in Kenya. In 1994, it opened in Rwanda. In 1996, it opened another branch in South Sudan, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa. Currently, the African Children’s Choir is made up of 44 choirs, each with between 17-24 members, both boys and girls aged between 7-15. 1. Why did Barnett return to Uganda in 1984? A. To provide humanitarian aid to the area. B. To search for the boy he had met before. C. To organize a choir to help poor children. D. To send donations from Canadians to Uganda. 2. How was the children’s first performance? A. It was an unexpected hit. B. It barely covered its costs. C. It was an ordinary attempt. D. It was enjoyed by orphans. 3. What can we infer about the African Children’s Choir from the last two paragraphs? A. It is well-received by local parents and schools. B. It has grown rapidly and more kids benefit from it. C. It suffers financial difficulty and requires sponsoring. D. It pays more attention to kids’ schooling instead of music. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. A great choir brings hope to African kids. B. Music is a bridge across different cultures. C. The African Children’s Choir changes Africa. D. Music can shake off poverty and bring happiness. 【12】（24-25高三上·山东·阶段练习）A team of researchers looked at a decade’s worth of responses to an online survey about morals and analyzed how these responses changed from one season to the next. Their findings suggest that, at a population level, people are less likely to endorse(赞成)more traditional moral values in summer and winter. The researchers relied on data from a website called YourMorals. org, which offers a “moral foundations questionnaire” where respondents can rate how strongly they agree or disagree that something is right or wrong. The questions were based on moral foundations theory to explore why morality seems to follow similar patterns across populations from very different cultures. According to the theory, morality can be broken down into five foundational values care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity-and these belong to two groups: individualizing values and binding values. The seasonal pattern in response was not evident for all types of values. For instance, individualizing values, focusing on the morality of individual rights, showed little variation over time and didn’t follow a seasonal trend. However, binding values values that prioritize the needs of one’s group, including loyalty, respect for authority, and purity of tradition--followed a biannual pattern. To attempt to better understand the results, the researchers also looked at patterns in Google search results related to anxiety. What they found was that population-level patterns in anxiety also followed a seasonal cycle peaking in the spring and fall, which suggests a potential correlation(关联性). Spring and fall are often thought of as the most pleasant seasons, so an increase in anxiety during these times might seem unexpected. But it’s possible that increases in school and work - related changes during these times could play some role. They also suggest that anxiety might decrease in winter due to seasonal holidays, and in summer due to warmer weather and increased vegetation. “We often think of moral values as these unchangeable principles that we hold close,” Professor Hohm says. But they’re actually subject to all kinds of influences that might pass us by unnoticed. Being aware of how that happens could help us better understand and plan for seasonal shifts. 1. Which will not follow a seasonal trend? A. Purity of tradition. B. Loyalty to one’s party. C. Fairness among people. D. Respect for authority. 2. Why do people feel most anxious in spring and autumn? A. Changes in temperature. B. Increased holiday expenses. C. Reduction in vegetable varieties D. New challenges from school and work. 3. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Moral values are steady. B. Moral principles are changeable. C. Moral influences may be ignored. D. Moral changes can affect plan making. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. Our morals change with the seasons. B. Anxiety rises when we feel threatened. C. Seasons influence our minds and behaviors. D. Individualizing values and binding values differ. 【13】（24-25高三上·上海黄浦·阶段练习）When a senior manager sits down with a prospective employee for an in-person interview, the preferred questions often stick to the applicant’s interest in the position and company, according to a survey by staffing firm Accountemps. But questions can sometimes be a bit more... wacky. “What kind of animals would you be?” is one of the unique questions mentioned by senior managers in the survey. It is a way to keep interviewees on their feet and stimulate interesting discussion. However, such questions are asked less frequently, the research shows. Just 6 percent of senior managers said their favorite questions to ask are theoretical questions, the lowest total except for “other, ” which also came in at 6 percent. A lot of senior managers said their favorite questions are ones “relating to the position or company,” at 39 percent. These questions include “Why do you want to work here?”, “What do you know about this company?” etc. They are meant to determine if candidates have done their homework and how enthusiastic they are about the position. Questions about “previous or current experience” were referred to by 22 percent of senior managers as their favorite type of question. These inquiries — “Why did you leave your last job?” and “What did you like or dislike about your last job?” for instance — are meant to look into applicants’ work history patterns and their overall fit for the position. Further down the list, 18 percent of senior managers’ favorite questions had to do with personalities and characteristics. They prefer, for example, “What are your strengths and weaknesses?” and “What’ re your hobbies?”. And 10 percent had to do with personal goals and interests (“Where do you see yourself in five or 10 years?”) . That means that managers strongly prefer to ask candidates questions about their interest in the position and work history. But there’s always room for a sudden surprise. 1. In this passage, the word “wacky” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to “_________”. A. common B. aggressive C. inevitable D. weird 2. According to the survey, senior managers’ most preferred questions are meant to find out _________. A. what work experience candidates had B. how well- prepared candidates are C. what candidates are most interested in D. how knowledgeable candidates are 3. What will senior managers ask to determine low suitable a candidate is for the position? A. What kind of animal would you be? B. Why do you want to work here? C. What did you like or dislike about your last job? D. Where do you see yourself in five or 10 years? 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. Interview questions favoured by managers. B. Managers’ attitudes to interview questions. C. How managers prepare interview questions. D. How managers make interview questions interesting. 试卷第36页，共37页 15 / 15 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$