专题35 八省联考阅读微技能之段落大意题（满分攻略+八省名校模拟）-2025年新八省新高考英语满分通关练

专题35 八省联考阅读微技能之段落大意题 （满分攻略+八省名校模拟）原卷版 （山西、河南、陕西、内蒙古、四川、云南、宁夏、青海） 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，提供高效提分干货，帮你举一反三提分 一、段落大意题干扰项特征 1.过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围。 2.以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容。 3.移花接木，偷换概念。选项中定语和状语影响语意范围，或者把属于A的内容放在B上。 4.主观臆测，无中生有。选项中关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文章主题无关。 二、段落大意题两大抓手 1.寻找段落主题句 解答段落大意题的关键是抓住段落的主题句。一般而言，每个段落总有一个中心，通常中心思想会在首句或尾句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。总体来说，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后举例子，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首，这种现象较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若作者采用“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。 2.确定段落关键词 段落中反复出现的词汇一般就是段落关键词，往往需要出现在正确选项中。 三、段落大意题思维导图 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分技巧和应试思维！ (2024新课标I卷第26题)“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ 【01】（24-25高三上·河南安阳·期中）The sport of tennis has a problem with waste that many players do not even recognize each time they open a new container of game balls. Major professional tennis competitions go through nearly 100,000 balls during two weeks of play. Almost all of the 330 million balls produced each year end up in waste as garbage in landfills. Once there, it can take as long as 400 years for the balls to break down. Tennis is incredibly environmentally-destructive because the balls are not recyclable. The balls’ outer soft layer, called the felt (毛毡), is strongly attached to a soft center. The felt is a combination of wool and nylon which cannot be recycled. In addition, the center of top-level balls is made with rubber from rubber trees. Rubber harvesting menaces forests and biodiversity. Once the balls are produced, they are packaged in thick plastic or aluminum containers with a metal lid and a plastic cap. Companies will intentionally use non-recyclable plastic because the recyclable kind will leak pressure. After the balls have been produced and packaged, they will get shipped all around the world. This series of events will release 1.2 pounds of carbon emissions per ball. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) is a governing body of professional tennis. Last year the ITF brought together producers, tennis officials and recyclers to begin working on the tennis ball issue, looking for solutions. And some steps have been taken to reduce and reuse balls. Currently, professional players change to a new set of balls after the first seven games and then after every nine games. Individual used balls sometimes become playthings for dogs or are reused in other small ways. Huge numbers of used balls can also be crushed (碾压) to pieces for use as building material, like flooring. However, it is a long way to go to enjoy an environment-friendly tennis match. 1. Why are the figures of balls listed in paragraph 1? A. To stress their harm to the environment. B. To state disapproval of the sport rules. C. To indicate how popular tennis is. D. To suggest avoiding playing tennis. 2. What does the underlined word “menaces” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Threatens. B. Enriches. C. Benefits. D. Removes. 3. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Plans made for the future. B. Efforts taken to solve the problem. C. Organizations founded to work on the issue. D. Resolutions adopted to improve the quality. 4. What is the author’s attitude to the future use of eco-friendly tennis balls? A. Doubtful. B. Dismissive. C. Objective. D. Unclear. 【02】（24-25高三上·山东青岛·期中）At 75 years old, Geda Qawla finds himself forgetting more and more words: the names of trees or types of bird. As one of just five remaining speakers of Ongota, he gets few opportunities to speak his mother tongue. The decline of this Ethiopian tongue is a small part of a global linguistic crisis. Currently, a language dies every two weeks. If this trend continues, half of the 7,000 languages spoken today could go silent by the end of this century. Most at risk are the 50 per cent of languages that lack a written form, and those that are spoken by 10,000 people or fewer. The biggest drivers are technology and globalisation. As regions become more interconnected, speakers of smaller languages are coming under pressure to drop their mother tongue in favour of bigger languages. Increasing levels of migration also play a role, cutting speakers off from their native languages and forcing them to adopt new ones. Some languages have been brought back from the extinction. These languages were the subjects of decades-long“revitalisation programmes”, involving sustained investments in schools, media and even road signs. For most languages, however, there are few resources for this, including Ongota. Researchers at nearby Arba Minch University are working on a dictionary of the Ongota language in the hope of preserving it. Several young, educated Ongota are also keen to preserve the language. These include Worro Molle,25,a civil servant in the nearby town, who is trying to learn it by himself with the aid of an old handbook. “This language is part of me,” he said. For Savà, the Italian anthropologist, the disappearance of Ongota would be a tragedy. “When you lose a language, you lose a richness, a vision of the world that is completely unique.” 1. What troubles Geda about the Ongota language? A. He lacks enough language practice. B. The language has new changes in words. C. Few want to learn the language from him. D. It is forbidden to use the language in public. 2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. What languages require protection. B. How technology changes languages. C. Measures to preserve endangered languages. D. Reasons for the decline of smaller languages. 3. What does Worro Molle think of the Ongota language? A. It is invaluable. B. It has a bright future. C. It is difficult to learn. D. It requires promoting. 4. What is the purpose of writing the passage? A. To introduce a man with a rare language. B. To stress the richness of world languages. C. To explore a social phenomenon of languages. D. To present a research on a language programme. 【03】（24-25高三上·山西忻州·期中）On September 9, 2024, Apple released its latest iPhone 16 series at an event called “It’s Glowtime”. At the event, Tim Cook, the company’s CEO, played up the promise of the phones’ AI features in a pre-recorded video. Indeed, the demonstration seemed impressive. When Cook pointed the camera at a restaurant, the AI assistant Siri could tell him what was on the menu. It also could answer his questions fairly well and learn about the users from their interactions with their devices. For instance, Siri could know if a user’s mother was calling and acted appropriately. Apple is one of many firms that want to take AI beyond huge data centres, known as the cloud, and run it on smaller devices, known as the edge. Samsung, Apple’s major competitor, launched its Galaxy S24 with some AI features earlier this year. So did Microsoft, which has launched Windows PCs designed for AI. But their efforts have shown that it is not easy to shift cloud-based AI models to the edge devices. At present, cloud-based AI models are mostly trained on graphics processing units (GPUs) that consume so much energy that it can take a nuclear-power plant to fuel them. They also need huge amounts of memory and data. All these can cost hundreds of millions of dollars. Even once they are trained, running these AI models is costly. According to one estimate, it costs OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT, 36 cents every time someone asks its AI model a question. Companies are experimenting with various solutions to these problems. Apple will offer on-device AI to deal with the easiest tasks, but send trickier problems to the firm’s private cloud. The service will direct the most difficult requests to third-party models such as ChatGPT. But even such smaller on-device AI models require a lot of computing power to run, which puts huge stress on the edge devices’ batteries. “Making the technology work could not only start a supercycle in device sales, but also create new opportunities for apps and digital advertising,” says Neil Shah of Counterpoint, a research firm. “But for the moment, edge devices are barely ready for basic functions, let alone Glowtime.” 1. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The Glowtime event. B. iPhone 16’s AI features. C. Tim Cook’s performance. D. The future of AI phones. 2. Why are Samsung and Microsoft mentioned in the text? A. To tell readers how bad competition can be. B. To warn Apple of the potential consequences. C. To compare their newly released edge devices. D. To show how hard it is to apply AI to edge devices. 3. What is the problem with cloud-based AI models? A. OpenAI charges too much money. B. All of them have to be trained on GPUs. C. It is too expensive to train and run them. D. They can only deal with the easiest tasks. 4. What does Neil Shah most probably imply? A. iPhone 16 is bound to disappoint its users. B. AI phones’ success will depend on new apps. C. Sales of AI phones will increase greatly soon. D. Tim Cook was not honest with the AI features. 【04】（24-25高三上·山东济南·期中）A man rides at full speed on a single-wheeled bike, leaning back on a seat fixed above a recycled tyre (轮胎) as he performs wheelie (杂技). This machine is just one of many crazy inventions from Make It Extreme, a You Tube channel run by Michael Mavros and George Shiailis, two best friends who use old materials to create unique and innovative mechanical projects. The partners of this DIY design make the inventions to promote the joys of mechanical engineering and inspire creativity in others. On Make It Extreme, they transform everyday objects and vehicles into extreme versions of themselves, pushing creative boundaries in the process. They build and design their projects, film and edit the entire process, then finally showcase the results. “By passionately crafting furniture, engines, tools, toys and vehicles while using our imagination, we try to offer innovative solutions to various mechanical challenges,” explains Mavros, “We’ve shared this passion since our early years, and now, through our channel, we share it with millions of other people in an easily understandable way.” For its 100th video, Make It Extreme introduced the Monotrack bike, constructed entirely from recycled and old materials. They utilized a 100cc two-stroke engine from an old scooter (摩托车), cutting the sidewalls of a used car tyre and fitting it around a recycled motor. The bike reflects their commitment to sustainability and creativity, purely for the joy and curiosity it brings. “The idea for the Monotrack bike came from an old wartime photo where we saw a similar vehicle,” says Mavros, “Our creations are often inspired by things we’ve encountered before. For example, the Monowheel, where a person sits inside a huge wheel, was inspired by similar vehicles from decades ago, and our tank chair stemmed from the idea of creating an accessible adventure vehicle for people with limited mobility.” Make It Extreme now has almost two million subscribers who are eager to tune in every month to see the partners’ latest invention. And Mavros promises that 2024 will see them create their most daring project yet. 1. Why do Mavros and Shiailis run Make It Extreme? A. To make profits. B. To earn popularity. C. To develop hobby. D. To awaken innovation. 2. What do we think of their inventions according to paragraph 5? A. Practical. B. Eco-friendly. C. Costly. D. Convenient. 3. What is paragraph 6 mainly about? A. Why the old things were used. B. Where the Monowheel was found. C. What their inspirations originated from. D. How the Monotrack bike was invented. 4. What can we learn from Mavros and Shiailis in the text? A. Nothing is impossible. B. One good turn deserves another. C. A rolling stone gathers no moss. D. Constant dripping wears away the stone. 【05】（24-25高三上·湖南·阶段练习）Somewhere in California, just up a hill from the beach is a high school, where students will meet before traveling to neighboring San Clemente High School on a Saturday fora 2-mile walk to raise money to build a well in a Kenyan village. Most Kenyans live where clean water is hard to access. The good news is that water that falls in the rainy season is stored far underground, sometimes as deep as 900 feet. But bringing it to the surface can be a challenge. Sometimes, it requires heavy-duty equipment. Shallower wells are less costly but still require manpower and technology to work. A single well can supply water to an entire village, and this can be life-changing. Weeks before the first annual Healing Hands for Water Walk Fundraiser event in 2012, students walked in the beach town and asked for donations from businesses. They covered a lot more distance than the 2 miles they would cover during the event as student organizers Branner Grimsley, Klara Gundelach and Solveig Erngren pounded on the boardwalk. “But it was worth it to make a difference by helping these people in Africa,” Grimsley said. Standing on the boardwalk and looking out over the sand to the horizon and beyond, you can see a lifeline reaching from a few dedicated kids to a similar group of kids in an African village. The connection was hard to imagine at first but now seems so real. Students on both sides of the world walk under the same sun. On other days, they would have different places to go, but today, they walk for the same reason: to share the bond of being one human family. In another Kenyan village, a well was completed. As the villagers excitedly operated the hand pump, the anticipation built. Within minutes, a trickle of clean water flowed, then a gush. It was a miracle in such a dry village. Buckets were filled, and children splashed water. The tears of joy flowed as easily as the well water. 1. What can we know about building wells in Kenya from paragraph 2? A. It’s costly and useless. B. It’s easy and interesting C. It’s challenging but cheap D. It’s difficult but worthwhile. 2. Why does paragraph 4 mention the connection? A. To praise the event’s participants. B. To show the difficulty of the event. C. To share the bond of the human family. D. To highlight the significance of the event. 3. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The excitement of building a well. B. The requirement for completing a well. C. The joyous sight of drawing water from a well. D. The quality of the water from a local village’s well. 4. Which of the following may be the best title for the text? A. From the Beach to Kenya B. Students’ Walk on the Beach C. Walking to a Neighboring School D. Kenya’s Struggle for Clean Water 【06】（2024·浙江杭州·一模）For many, travel isn’t just about the destination — it’s about making the most of the journey. However, for a lot of people, the journey is often ruined by an uncomfortable experience often accompanied by vomiting, known as motion sickness. If you’ve ever felt the unwelcome urge to vomit while reading or using your device in a moving vehicle, you’re not alone. Recognizing this common issue, Apple has stepped up to offer a revolutionary solution; the Vehicle Motion Cues feature for iPhones and iPads. Motion sickness occurs when there is a disconnect between what your eyes see and what your body feels. When you’re in a moving vehicle, your body senses motion through its vestibular system (the inner ear), but if your eyes are focused on a still screen that doesn’t reflect this movement, the brain receives mixed signals. This sensory conflict can lead to dizziness, nausea, and overall discomfort - symptoms all too familiar to motion sickness sufferers. Apple’s new Vehicle Motion Cues feature is designed to bridge this gap and bring relief to those likely to experience motion sickness. This revolutionary feature works by displaying animated dots, around the edges of your screen, which move at the same time and speed as the motion of your vehicle. These moving cues help keep the motion your body feels in line with what your eyes see, effectively reducing the sensory mismatch that causes motion sickness. The magic lies in the simplicity and effectiveness. The animated dots move in consistency with the vehicle’s motion, providing a visual representation of the movement your body is experiencing. By matching the visual input with the physical sensations of motion, your brain is less likely to experience the confusion that leads to sickness. Early reports and user feedback indicate that Vehicle Motion Cues is receiving high praise for its effectiveness. So next time you embark on a journey, whether short or long, remember that Apple’s got your back — or rather, your brain - helping you make the most of every mile with ease and comfort. 1. Which type of people can be interested in Vehicle Motion Cues? A. Frequent travelers. B. Book lovers. C. Vehicle operators. D. Sport scientists. 2. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The principle of Apple’s new design. B. The cause of motion sickness. C. The functions of Apples new design. D. The symptoms of motion sickness. 3. By displaying animated dots around the screen, Applet Vehicle Motion Cues is able to_____. A. ease sensory conflicts in the brain B. tell the mismatched physical sensations C. balance the movement of our eyes and body D. increase the effectiveness of vehicle motion 4. Which can be the best title of the passage? A. Make the Most of Your Journey： Apple Bridges the. Gap B. Find the Magic of a Moving Vehicle: Apple’s Got! Your Back C. Enjoy Your Reading: Apple Offers a Revolutionary Solution D. Say Goodbye to Motion Sickness: Apple Introduces Its New Design 【07】（24-25高三上·辽宁锦州·期中）When Celia Barberena retired in 2012 after a long career in higher education, she faced a new challenge: how to spend her retirement. While some view retirement as a time to relax and enjoy life without pressure, Barberena wanted to engage in something meaningful. At 67, she decided that volunteering would be her new focus. Barberena believes that volunteering helps keep her mind sharp, and recent research backs her up. A study presented at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference indicated that volunteering is connected with better scores on cognitive (认知) function tests. Volunteers are vital to communities, and many organizations rely on their contributions. Donna McCullough, Chief Mission and Field Operations Officer at the Alzheimer’s Association, hopes these findings will inspire people to volunteer not just for community but also for potential brain health benefits. This research stands out because it included a diverse population of nearly 2,500 participants who varied in race. background, and education levels. Previous studies have found positive links between volunteering and cognitive function； however, when it comes to the new research, it found that those who volunteered performed better on tests of planning, attention focusing, task prioritization, and memory recall, regardless of their age, gender, education, or income. Now 75, Barberena stays busy with various volunteer roles. She believes that volunteering exercises her memory and reasoning skills. Additionally, she notes that retirement can lead to isolation (孤独), and the resulting loneliness or anxiety can negatively impact cognition, making social engagement even more crucial. Volunteering has provided Barberena with a sense of purpose and a network of friends, all of which are invaluable to her mental health and overall quality of life. Experts suggest that the positive effects of volunteering create a beneficial cycle that can help reduce depression and loneliness. Even with physical limitations, many volunteering opportunities are available online, making it accessible to almost everyone. The key is to find an activity that is enjoyable and personally rewarding, allowing individuals to stay engaged and mentally active in their later years. 1. Why did Barberena turn to volunteering? A. To pursue a purposeful activity. B. To enjoy a stress-free retirement. C. To avoid additional responsibilities. D. To confirm recent research findings 2. What makes the new research unique? A. Its narrow focus. B. Its mixed sample. C. Its high accuracy. D. Its small selection. 3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Berberena’s gains from volunteering. B. Barberena’s motivation for retirement. C. Barberena’s challenges in volunteering. D. Barberena’s hobbies outside volunteering. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Volunteering primarily benefits physical health. B. Volunteering should be satisfying and meaningful. C. Online volunteering is suited for skilled professionals. D. Only in-person volunteering offers a sense of purpose. 【08】（24-25高三上·广西柳州·期中）Chloe Ricketts is only 15 years old, but she’s already signed a professional contract with the Washington Spirit soccer team. That makes her the youngest player ever to sign with the National Women’s Soccer League (NWSL). Chloe began working out with the Washington Spirit team in January. She trained with the team in Florida and Virginia. During training, Chloe impressed the team’s managers with her ability to compete with the other professional players. That led the team to offer her the contract. Chloe started playing soccer when she was seven. She claims that at the time, she was “the worst on the team”. She says she improved through hard work, extra training, and staying late after practice. In 2021, she played on a girls’ team, which went to the national finals of the Elite Clubs National League. She also played on a boys’ team, the 2007 Boys Ann Arbor Tigers, which won the Michigan State Cup that year. In January of 2022, Chloe signed with AFC Ann Arbor — a team that is part of USL League Two. USL League Two helps develop players for the NWSL. When she joined AFC Ann Arbor, Chloe was just 14 the youngest player ever to join the club. But Chloe isn’t the first 15-year-old to play for the NWSL. The NWSL used to have a rule saying that no one under the age of 18 could join its teams. But in 2021, another 15-year-old, Olivia Moultrie, took the league to court. Olivia won her case, and the NWSL made special rules that allowed players younger than 18 to join. The new rules are mainly designed to protect young players, and require that the players live with a parent. They also protect young players from being traded to another team unless both the player and the parents agree. When Chloe signed with the Washington Spirit, she was 15 years and 283 days old, beating Olivia’s record by three days. 1. What contributed to Chloe’s signing with NWSL? A. Her competitive competence. B. Her staying late after practice. C. Her willingness to do extra training. D. Her potential to be a world-class star. 2. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about? A. Chloe’s challenging experiences in life. B. Chloe’s shooting up in the soccer world. C. Chloe’s good cooperation with teammates. D. Chloe’s personal achievements in matches. 3. What can we learn about Olivia from Paragraph 5? A. She advocated against trading players. B. She persuaded NWSL to protect its players. C. She challenged and broke the NWSL’s old rule. D. She helped NWSL make rules for playing soccer. 4. What might be the most suitable title for the text? A. An American girl breaking a record in the World Cup. B. Chloe Ricketts making efforts to reform NWSL greatly. C. US professional women soccer getting more fresh blood. D. The youngest player entering US professional women’s soccer league. 【09】（24-25高二上·福建宁德·期中）Low levels of vitamin (维生素) D could lead to a slower recovery process in children with broken bones, according to research to be presented at a conference this weekend. “Children need to be given well-balanced diets that include vitamin D to maintain children’s overall health and ensure efficient recovery when injuries occur,” said the study’s senior author, Dr. Jessica McQuerry of the University of Florida. McQuerry’s team examined data about 166 patients, from babies to 17-year-olds, who had broken a bone between 2015 and 2022. They found that in 61.4 percent of cases, the children had low levels of vitamin D and these children were likely to take significantly longer to recover. Professor Scarlett McNally, the deputy director of London’s Center for Perioperative Care, said, “Vitamin D helps in many body functions, including repair of bones and tissues. It is a vitamin that helps the body manage calcium which keeps your bones strong and is needed for muscles to contract. Vitamin D also has a role in immune (免疫) function, helping your body deal with infection and cancer. It also has a role in cell division—essential for tissue repair.” The study’s authors said that previous studies had focused on how vitamin D can help prevent fractures (骨折), but this new research is making up for the fact that vitamin D for children’s fractures had been largely unexplored up to this point. They recommended testing your child for vitamin D levels if a broken bone is taking a long time to recover. Vitamin D can be found in a variety of foods. Dairy products, such as milk and cheese, are particularly high in the nutrient, but it is also found in fish, eggs and some vegetables. Sunlight exposure can help the body absorb vitamin D. “Getting outside and enjoying the fresh air can do wonders for your recovery while also upping vitamin D absorption,” McQuerry said. 1. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The side effects of medicine. B. The good ways to keep fit. C. The functions of vitamin D. D. The roles of bones and tissues. 2. How does the new research differ from previous studies? A. It uncovers the secret of tasty foods. B. It offers deep insights into vitamin D. C. It focuses on teenage exercise routine. D. It provides the cure for broken bones. 3. What do the study’s authors advise parents to do? A. Eat vegetables as much as possible. B. Ask their family members to work out. C. Check vitamin D levels of their kids. D. Refuse dairy products in the supermarket. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Well-balanced Diets Help Teenagers Grow up B. Exploring Nature Plays a Key Role in Life C. Researchers Find a New Kind of Vitamin D. Vitamin D Is Vital for Children 【10】（24-25高二上·江苏苏州·期中）Tears, usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds and often associated with human emotions, have sparked curiosity regarding their presence in nonhuman animals. While humans have long been viewed as the only species to produce tears in response to emotions, recent researchers dive into the possibility of similar occurrences in other creatures. Tears serve various purposes across species. The primary function of tears lies in its contribution to maintaining eye health, while reflex (反射性的) tears flush our eyes in response to external irritants (刺激物). Emotional tears, however, remain a subject of debate. Historically, societies perceived emotional crying as uniquely human, associating it with expressions of sadness or vulnerability. Although scientific consensus still favors emotional tears as a human trait, recent investigations suggest otherwise. A study published in 2022 observed tear secretion (分泌物) in dogs during positive emotional encounters, such as reuniting with their owners. This phenomenon, triggered by the hormone oxytocin, which is also known as the cuddle chemical, helping to connect social contact with feelings of pleasure, potentially strengthens the bond between humans and dogs. Moreover, observations of domestic pigs and rats have revealed tear-like secretions when in a state of tension, indicating a possible emotional response. These findings challenge the concept of emotional tears being exclusive to humans. Despite anecdotal (传闻的) evidence of animals displaying signs of sadness, such as elephants, gorillas, and wolves, scientific backing remains rare. Professionals working with animals have reported no instances of emotional crying. Anecdotes often lead to anthropomorphism, regarding human behaviors as animal’s without solid evidence. The viral video of a “crying” bison (野牛) gained widespread attention, yet experts suggest a more reasonable explanation, such as irritation from dust or wind. While ancient pictures, like the bison painting in the Chauvet cave, hint at tear-like imagery, concrete evidence is lacking. In conclusion, while emotional tears remain primarily associated with humans, emerging research suggests the possibility of similar phenomena in certain animal species. Further studies are needed to uncover the complexities of emotional responses across the animal kingdom. 1. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. Human tears and those of other creatures. B. The emotional significance of human tears. C. An introduction to tears in nonhuman animals. D. The relationship between tears and human emotions. 2. Which animals exhibit tear-like secretions during stressful conditions? A. Dogs. B. Bison. C. Elephants and gorillas. D. Domestic pigs and rats. 3. Why is the viral video of the “crying” bison mentioned in Paragraph 5? A. To suggest that animals are capable of emotional crying. B. To emphasize the importance of viral videos in scientific research. C. To highlight the need for further investigation into the bison painting. D. To illustrate how anecdotes can lead to misconceptions about animal behavior. 4. Which can be the best title of the passage? A. Why Do Animals Possess Emotional Tears? B. Whether Do Animals Possess Emotional Tears? C. Why Do Animals Possess Emotional Responses? D. Whether Do Animals Possess Emotional Responses? 【11】（24-25高二上·四川成都·期中）Earthquakes are among the most powerful and destructive natural phenomena on our planet. They result from plate movements, where the Earth’s crustal plates grind against each other, causing stress to build up over time. When this stress exceeds the strength of the rock, it ruptures (断裂), releasing energy in the form of seismic waves (地震波) that travel through the Earth’s interior and shake the surface. The force of an earthquake depends on the extent of rock movement, and powerful events can shake firm ground violently for great distances. Earthquakes can have catastrophic consequences, though they rarely kill people directly. Instead, deaths and injuries are often caused by falling objects, building collapses, and subsequent fires or hazardous chemical spills. So no matter where we are, knowing how to protect ourselves and our family during an earthquake is necessary. For example, when we feel the ground is shaking, find a nice piece of furniture, a chair, a sofa, or a closet, and lie down, or curl up next to it. A falling roof may compact (压实) the furniture, but will still leave a space for us to survive next to it. After earthquakes, immediate response is crucial to save lives and minimize damage. Governments, international organizations, and local communities should work together to provide emergency relief, including medical aid, food, water, shelter, and search and rescue operations. Earthquakes are unpredictable and devastating natural disasters that can have profound impacts on communities worldwide. While we cannot prevent earthquakes from happening, we can take steps to mitigate their effects through better building codes, early warning systems, and effective response and recovery efforts. By working together, we can reduce the human toll (伤亡人数) of these powerful events and build more resilient communities. 1. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A. What earthquakes are. B. What earthquakes cause. C. Where earthquakes occur. D. How earthquakes happen. 2. What should we do during an earthquake according to the text? A. Stay in the bedroom. B. Hide in a closet. C. Lie down next to a sofa. D. Curl up under a chair. 3. What is the key to reducing death and damage after an earthquake? A. Immediate response to others’ help. B. Quick action and cooperation at home and abroad. C. Getting connected with family and friends immediately. D. Waiting for aid from governments, communities and international organizations. 4. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Reduce. B. Prevent. C. Research. D. Promote. 【12】（24-25高二上·重庆·阶段练习）Imagine a busy restaurant; dishes clattering, music playing, people talking loudly over one another. It’s a wonder that anyone in that kind of environment can focus enough to have a conversation. A new study by researchers at Brown University’s Carney Institute for Brain Science provides some of the most detailed insights into the brain mechanisms that help people pay attention in such distraction, as well as what’s happening when they can’t focus. In an earlier psychology study, the researchers established that people can separately control how much they focus (by enhancing relevant information)and how much they filter (by tuning out distraction). The team’s new research, published in Nature Human Behaviour, shows the process by which the brain combines these two critical functions. To conduct the study, Ritz administered a cognitive task to participants while measuring their brain activity in an FMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)machine. Participants saw a swirling mass of green and purple dots moving left and right, like a swarm of fireflies. The tasks, which varied in difficulty, involved distinguishing between the movement and colors of the dots. For example participants in one exercise were instructed to select which color was in the majority for the rapidly movıng dots when the rate of purple to green was almost50/50. Ritz and his co- writer Shenhav then compared the process to how humans harmonize muscle activity to perform complex physical tasks. “In the same way that we bring together more than50 muscles to perform a physical task like using chopsticks, our study found that we can integrate multiple varieties of concentrations in order to perform acts of mental flexibility,” said Ritz, who conducted the study as a PhD student at Brown. “These findings can help us to understand how we humans are able to exhibit such tremendous cognitive flexibility — to pay attention to what we want, when we want to,” Shenhav said. “They can also help us better understand limitations on that flexibility, and how limitations might appear in certain attention- related disorders such as ADHD(注意力缺陷及多动障碍), which we will study and conduct in the future.” 1. Why does the author talk about the busy restaurant at the beginning of the text? A. To complain why people can’t focus attention. B. To show people’s attention among distraction. C. To call on conversation in the busy restaurant. D. To show one example of working environment. 2. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. The research result. B. The research participants. C. The research questions. D. The research process. 3. What do people do when they are carrying out flexible acts? A. They adjust various forms of attention. B. They bring together more than 50 muscles. C. They pay attention to the complex physical task. D. They use instruments like chopsticks to help them. 4. According to Shenhav, what can the researchers do in the future? A. Ensure cognition. B. Research diseases. C. Show flexibility. D. Limit attention. （24-25高三上·福建泉州·期中）Another year of record fossil fuel burning leading to record high global temperatures. Time is running out to solve the climate crisis, and great disasters come near us. You’re probably used to such headlines, and you may have moments of hopelessness about the future. But can you turn such gloom (灰暗) messaging of climate crisis into meaningful change? Our recent global study says yes — but the messages must be used wisely. In 2019, in his book, David Wallace-Wells painted a terrifying landscape of the suffering awaiting us if we don’t address climate change, leaving many feeling consumed by fear and helplessness. Not everyone is a fan of his gloom messaging. Climate scientists like Michael Mann have warned against it, messaging that it can depress and discourage the public, and lead to further climate inaction. And the title of a new book by Hannah Ritchíe states clearly that it’s Not the End of the World: How We Can Be the First Generation to Build a Sustainable Planet. To help figure out the precise impact of climate gloom messaging, we recently completed a large experiment. Our findings revealed that gloom messaging was highly effective for stimulating climate change information sharing, like posting on the Internet or social media. Wallace-Wells was right in this aspect. But Mann and Ritchie were also right. Hearing these messages actually decreased people’s positive behaviors against environmental pollution — when faced with the enormous messages of the climate crisis, many feel that individual-level actions might seem futile. So gloom messaging can do both things: cause helplessness, discouraging individual-level action; but also motivate people to spread the word. Our research also found some other messages that moved the needle on climate change beliefs and actions. This suggests that understanding how different messages work, and in what contexts, will be vital to changing beliefs, spreading the word, and motivating action. 1. What does gloom messaging intend to deliver? A. The unstoppable tendency to disasters. B. The urgency to deal with climate crisis. C. Disastrous effects of burning fossil fuels. D. Confidence in environmental protection. 2. Why do some climate scientists disagree with Wallace-Wells’view? A. Because they don’t believe there is severe climate crisis. B. Because they worry it makes people give up climate actions. C. Because they plan to build a new world in a sustainable planet. D. Because they fear it will lead to more environmental pollution. 3. What does the underlined word “futile” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Meaningful. B. Critical. C. Pointless. D. Precious. 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The lack of solution for inspiring climate actions. B. Right attitudes to climate change beliefs and behaviors. C. The influences of gloom messages on climate behaviors. D. The importance of studying the effects of different messages. （24-25高三上·山西忻州·阶段练习）On September 9, 2024, Apple released its latest iPhone 16 series at an event called “It’s Glowtime”. At the event, Tim Cook, the company’s CEO, played up the promise of the phones’ AI features in a pre-recorded video. Indeed, the demonstration seemed impressive. When Cook pointed the camera at a restaurant, the AI assistant Siri could tell him what was on the menu. It also could answer his questions fairly well and learn about the users from their interactions with their devices. For instance, Siri could know if a user’s mother was calling and acted appropriately. Apple is one of many firms that want to take AI beyond huge data centres, known as the cloud, and run it on smaller devices, known as the edge. Samsung, Apple’s major competitor, launched its Galaxy S24 with some AI features earlier this year. So did Microsoft, which has launched Windows PCs designed for AI. But their efforts have shown that it is not easy to shift cloud-based AI models to the edge devices. At present, cloud-based AI models are mostly trained on graphics processing units (GPUs) that consume so much energy that it can take a nuclear-power plant to fuel them. They also need huge amounts of memory and data. All these can cost hundreds of millions of dollars. Even once they are trained, running these AI models is costly. According to one estimate, it costs OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT, 36 cents every time someone asks its AI model a question. Companies are experimenting with various solutions to these problems. Apple will offer on-device AI to deal with the easiest tasks, but send trickier problems to the firm’s private cloud. The service will direct the most difficult requests to third-party models such as ChatGPT. But even such smaller on-device AI models require a lot of computing power to run, which puts huge stress on the edge devices’ batteries. “Making the technology work could not only start a supercycle in device sales, but also create new opportunities for apps and digital advertising,” says Neil Shah of Counterpoint, a research firm. “But for the moment, edge devices are barely ready for basic functions, let alone Glowtime.” 1. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The Glowtime event. B. iPhone 16’s AI features. C. Tim Cook’s performance. D. The future of AI phones. 2. Why are Samsung and Microsoft mentioned in the text? A. To tell readers how bad competition can be. B. To warn Apple of the potential consequences. C. To compare their newly released edge devices. D. To show how hard it is to apply AI to edge devices. 3. What is the problem with cloud-based AI models? A. OpenAI charges too much money. B. All of them have to be trained on GPUs. C. It is too expensive to train and run them. D. They can only deal with the easiest tasks. 4. What does Neil Shah most probably imply? A. iPhone 16 is bound to disappoint its users. B. AI phones’ success will depend on new apps. C. Sales of AI phones will increase greatly soon. D. Tim Cook was not honest with the AI features. 试卷第44页，共45页 16 / 16 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题35 八省联考阅读微技能之段落大意题 （满分攻略+八省名校模拟）解析版 （山西、河南、陕西、内蒙古、四川、云南、宁夏、青海） 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，提供高效提分干货，帮你举一反三提分 一、段落大意题干扰项特征 1.过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围。 2.以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容。 3.移花接木，偷换概念。选项中定语和状语影响语意范围，或者把属于A的内容放在B上。 4.主观臆测，无中生有。选项中关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文章主题无关。 二、段落大意题两大抓手 1.寻找段落主题句 解答段落大意题的关键是抓住段落的主题句。一般而言，每个段落总有一个中心，通常中心思想会在首句或尾句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。总体来说，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后举例子，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首，这种现象较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若作者采用“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。 2.确定段落关键词 段落中反复出现的词汇一般就是段落关键词，往往需要出现在正确选项中。 三、段落大意题思维导图 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分技巧和应试思维！ (2024新课标I卷第26题)“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。 24.细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。 25.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。 26.主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。 27.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ 【01】（24-25高三上·河南安阳·期中）The sport of tennis has a problem with waste that many players do not even recognize each time they open a new container of game balls. Major professional tennis competitions go through nearly 100,000 balls during two weeks of play. Almost all of the 330 million balls produced each year end up in waste as garbage in landfills. Once there, it can take as long as 400 years for the balls to break down. Tennis is incredibly environmentally-destructive because the balls are not recyclable. The balls’ outer soft layer, called the felt (毛毡), is strongly attached to a soft center. The felt is a combination of wool and nylon which cannot be recycled. In addition, the center of top-level balls is made with rubber from rubber trees. Rubber harvesting menaces forests and biodiversity. Once the balls are produced, they are packaged in thick plastic or aluminum containers with a metal lid and a plastic cap. Companies will intentionally use non-recyclable plastic because the recyclable kind will leak pressure. After the balls have been produced and packaged, they will get shipped all around the world. This series of events will release 1.2 pounds of carbon emissions per ball. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) is a governing body of professional tennis. Last year the ITF brought together producers, tennis officials and recyclers to begin working on the tennis ball issue, looking for solutions. And some steps have been taken to reduce and reuse balls. Currently, professional players change to a new set of balls after the first seven games and then after every nine games. Individual used balls sometimes become playthings for dogs or are reused in other small ways. Huge numbers of used balls can also be crushed (碾压) to pieces for use as building material, like flooring. However, it is a long way to go to enjoy an environment-friendly tennis match. 1. Why are the figures of balls listed in paragraph 1? A. To stress their harm to the environment. B. To state disapproval of the sport rules. C. To indicate how popular tennis is. D. To suggest avoiding playing tennis. 2. What does the underlined word “menaces” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Threatens. B. Enriches. C. Benefits. D. Removes. 3. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Plans made for the future. B. Efforts taken to solve the problem. C. Organizations founded to work on the issue. D. Resolutions adopted to improve the quality. 4. What is the author’s attitude to the future use of eco-friendly tennis balls? A. Doubtful. B. Dismissive. C. Objective. D. Unclear. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了网球造成的环境污染问题以及目前所做的努力。 1. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段提到“Major professional tennis competitions go through nearly 100,000 balls during two weeks of play. Almost all of the 330 million balls produced each year end up in waste as garbage in landfills. Once there, it can take as long as 400 years for the balls to break down. (在为期两周的重大职业网球比赛中，会使用近10万个球。每年生产的3.3亿个球中，几乎所有的球最终都会被当作垃圾填埋场的废物。一旦到了那里，这些球要分解可能需要长达400年的时间。)”可知，作者在第一段列出球的数字是为了强调这些球被浪费掉之后，对环境造成了极大的危害。故选A。 2. 词句猜测题。根据上文“Tennis is incredibly environmentally-destructive because the balls are not recyclable. The balls’ outer soft layer, called the felt (毛毡), is strongly attached to a soft center. The felt is a combination of wool and nylon which cannot be recycled. In addition, the center of top-level balls is made with rubber from rubber trees. (网球对环境具有极大的破坏性，因为网球不可回收。网球外层柔软的材质被称为毛毡，它与球心紧密结合。毛毡是由羊毛和尼龙混合制成，无法回收。此外，顶级网球的球心是由橡胶树橡胶制成。)”可知，网球是会破坏环境的，网球核是由橡胶制成的，大量砍伐橡胶树会威胁到森林和物种多样性。由此可推知，menaces意为“威胁”。故选A。 3. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Last year the ITF brought together producers, tennis officials and recyclers to begin working on the tennis ball issue, looking for solutions. And some steps have been taken to reduce and reuse balls. (去年，国际网球联合会将生产商、网球官员和回收商聚集在一起，开始着手解决网球的问题，寻找解决方案。已经采取了一些措施来减少和再利用网球。)”可知，本段主要讲述为解决网球的问题所做的努力。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, it is a long way to go to enjoy an environment-friendly tennis match. (然而，要享受一场环保的网球比赛还有很长的路要走。)”可推知，作者对未来使用环保网球是持客观态度的。故选C。 【02】（24-25高三上·山东青岛·期中）At 75 years old, Geda Qawla finds himself forgetting more and more words: the names of trees or types of bird. As one of just five remaining speakers of Ongota, he gets few opportunities to speak his mother tongue. The decline of this Ethiopian tongue is a small part of a global linguistic crisis. Currently, a language dies every two weeks. If this trend continues, half of the 7,000 languages spoken today could go silent by the end of this century. Most at risk are the 50 per cent of languages that lack a written form, and those that are spoken by 10,000 people or fewer. The biggest drivers are technology and globalisation. As regions become more interconnected, speakers of smaller languages are coming under pressure to drop their mother tongue in favour of bigger languages. Increasing levels of migration also play a role, cutting speakers off from their native languages and forcing them to adopt new ones. Some languages have been brought back from the extinction. These languages were the subjects of decades-long“revitalisation programmes”, involving sustained investments in schools, media and even road signs. For most languages, however, there are few resources for this, including Ongota. Researchers at nearby Arba Minch University are working on a dictionary of the Ongota language in the hope of preserving it. Several young, educated Ongota are also keen to preserve the language. These include Worro Molle,25,a civil servant in the nearby town, who is trying to learn it by himself with the aid of an old handbook. “This language is part of me,” he said. For Savà, the Italian anthropologist, the disappearance of Ongota would be a tragedy. “When you lose a language, you lose a richness, a vision of the world that is completely unique.” 1. What troubles Geda about the Ongota language? A. He lacks enough language practice. B. The language has new changes in words. C. Few want to learn the language from him. D. It is forbidden to use the language in public. 2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. What languages require protection. B. How technology changes languages. C. Measures to preserve endangered languages. D. Reasons for the decline of smaller languages. 3. What does Worro Molle think of the Ongota language? A. It is invaluable. B. It has a bright future. C. It is difficult to learn. D. It requires promoting. 4. What is the purpose of writing the passage? A. To introduce a man with a rare language. B. To stress the richness of world languages. C. To explore a social phenomenon of languages. D. To present a research on a language programme. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，说明了小语种逐渐消亡的现象，分析了背后的原因及急需语言复兴的需要。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“At 75 years old, Geda Qawla finds himself forgetting more and more words: the names of trees or types of bird. As one of just five remaining speakers of Ongota, he gets few opportunities to speak his mother tongue.(75岁的Geda Qawla发现自己忘记了越来越多的单词：树的名字或鸟类的种类。作为说Ongota语仅存的五人之一，他很少有机会说自己的母语)”可知，Geda缺乏足够的语言Ongota练习的场合，导致自己忘记了越来越多的单词。故选A。 2. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“The biggest drivers are technology and globalisation. As regions become more interconnected, speakers of smaller languages are coming under pressure to drop their mother tongue in favour of bigger languages. Increasing levels of migration also play a role, cutting speakers off from their native languages and forcing them to adopt new ones.(最大的驱动力是技术和全球化。随着各地区之间的联系越来越紧密，使用小语种的人正面临着放弃母语、转而使用大语种的压力。不断增加的移民水平也起到了一定的作用，他们脱离了自己的母语，被迫采用新的语言)”可知，本段说明了小语种衰落的原因。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Researchers at nearby Arba Minch University are working on a dictionary of the Ongota language in the hope of preserving it. Several young, educated Ongota are also keen to preserve the language. These include Worro Molle,25,a civil servant in the nearby town, who is trying to learn it by himself with the aid of an old handbook. “This language is part of me,” he said.(附近的Arba Minch大学的研究人员正在研究一本昂戈塔语词典，希望能保存它。一些受过良好教育的年轻昂戈塔人也热衷于保护这门语言。这其中就包括附近城镇25岁的公务员Worro Molle，他正试图借助一本旧手册自学昂戈塔语。“这种语言是我的一部分，”他说)”可知，Worro Molle认为这门语言是自己的一部分，他正在努力自学并进行语言的保护，所以他觉得它是极为宝贵的。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章全文尤其是第二段“The decline of this Ethiopian tongue is a small part of a global linguistic crisis. Currently, a language dies every two weeks. If this trend continues, half of the 7,000 languages spoken today could go silent by the end of this century.(这种埃塞俄比亚语的衰落只是全球语言危机的一小部分。目前，每两周就有一门语言消亡。如果这一趋势继续下去，到本世纪末，目前使用的7000种语言中有一半可能会消失)”可知，本文说明了小语种逐渐消亡的现象，分析了背后的原因及急需复兴的需要，因此，本文探索了一种语言的社会现象。故选C。 【03】（24-25高三上·山西忻州·期中）On September 9, 2024, Apple released its latest iPhone 16 series at an event called “It’s Glowtime”. At the event, Tim Cook, the company’s CEO, played up the promise of the phones’ AI features in a pre-recorded video. Indeed, the demonstration seemed impressive. When Cook pointed the camera at a restaurant, the AI assistant Siri could tell him what was on the menu. It also could answer his questions fairly well and learn about the users from their interactions with their devices. For instance, Siri could know if a user’s mother was calling and acted appropriately. Apple is one of many firms that want to take AI beyond huge data centres, known as the cloud, and run it on smaller devices, known as the edge. Samsung, Apple’s major competitor, launched its Galaxy S24 with some AI features earlier this year. So did Microsoft, which has launched Windows PCs designed for AI. But their efforts have shown that it is not easy to shift cloud-based AI models to the edge devices. At present, cloud-based AI models are mostly trained on graphics processing units (GPUs) that consume so much energy that it can take a nuclear-power plant to fuel them. They also need huge amounts of memory and data. All these can cost hundreds of millions of dollars. Even once they are trained, running these AI models is costly. According to one estimate, it costs OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT, 36 cents every time someone asks its AI model a question. Companies are experimenting with various solutions to these problems. Apple will offer on-device AI to deal with the easiest tasks, but send trickier problems to the firm’s private cloud. The service will direct the most difficult requests to third-party models such as ChatGPT. But even such smaller on-device AI models require a lot of computing power to run, which puts huge stress on the edge devices’ batteries. “Making the technology work could not only start a supercycle in device sales, but also create new opportunities for apps and digital advertising,” says Neil Shah of Counterpoint, a research firm. “But for the moment, edge devices are barely ready for basic functions, let alone Glowtime.” 1. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The Glowtime event. B. iPhone 16’s AI features. C. Tim Cook’s performance. D. The future of AI phones. 2. Why are Samsung and Microsoft mentioned in the text? A. To tell readers how bad competition can be. B. To warn Apple of the potential consequences. C. To compare their newly released edge devices. D. To show how hard it is to apply AI to edge devices. 3. What is the problem with cloud-based AI models? A. OpenAI charges too much money. B. All of them have to be trained on GPUs. C. It is too expensive to train and run them. D. They can only deal with the easiest tasks. 4. What does Neil Shah most probably imply? A. iPhone 16 is bound to disappoint its users. B. AI phones’ success will depend on new apps. C. Sales of AI phones will increase greatly soon. D. Tim Cook was not honest with the AI features. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了iPhone 16存在的技术问题。 1. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“When Cook pointed the camera at a restaurant, the AI assistant Siri could tell him what was on the menu. It also could answer his questions fairly well and learn about the users from their interactions with their devices. For instance, Siri could know if a user’s mother was calling and acted appropriately.(当库克将摄像头对准一家餐厅时，人工智能助手Siri可以告诉他菜单上有什么。它还可以很好地回答他的问题，并从用户与设备的互动中了解用户。例如，Siri可以知道用户的母亲是否在打电话，并做出适当的反应)”可知，本段主要介绍了iPhone已经具备的AI功能。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Samsung, Apple’s major competitor, launched its Galaxy S24 with some AI features earlier this year. So did Microsoft, which has launched Windows PCs designed for AI. But their efforts have shown that it is not easy to shift cloud-based AI models to the edge devices.(今年早些时候，苹果的主要竞争对手三星推出了带有一些人工智能功能的Galaxy S24。微软（Microsoft）也是如此，它推出了专为人工智能设计的Windows PCs。但它们的努力表明，将基于云的人工智能模型转移到边缘设备并不容易)”可知，文章提及三星和微软是为了展示将人工智能应用于边缘设备有多么困难。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“All these can cost hundreds of millions of dollars. Even once they are trained, running these AI models is costly.(所有这些都可能耗资数亿美元。即使训练有素，运行这些人工智能模型也是昂贵的)”可知，培训和运行基于云的人工智能模型价格昂贵，这是一个问题。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But for the moment, edge devices are barely ready for basic functions, let alone Glowtime.(但就目前而言，边缘设备的基本功能还不完善，更不用说Glowtime了)”及第一段“On September 9, 2024, Apple released its latest iPhone 16 series at an event called “It’s Glowtime”. At the event, Tim Cook, the company’s CEO, played up the promise of the phones’ AI features in a pre- recorded video.(2024年9月9日，苹果在名为“It 's Glowtime”的活动上发布了最新的iPhone 16系列。在发布会上，苹果首席执行官蒂姆•库克（Tim Cook）在一段预先录制的视频中强调了这款手机的人工智能功能)”可知，Neil Shah认为苹果16的人工智能技术还不完善，所以苹果16用户会失望。故选A。 【04】（24-25高三上·山东济南·期中）A man rides at full speed on a single-wheeled bike, leaning back on a seat fixed above a recycled tyre (轮胎) as he performs wheelie (杂技). This machine is just one of many crazy inventions from Make It Extreme, a You Tube channel run by Michael Mavros and George Shiailis, two best friends who use old materials to create unique and innovative mechanical projects. The partners of this DIY design make the inventions to promote the joys of mechanical engineering and inspire creativity in others. On Make It Extreme, they transform everyday objects and vehicles into extreme versions of themselves, pushing creative boundaries in the process. They build and design their projects, film and edit the entire process, then finally showcase the results. “By passionately crafting furniture, engines, tools, toys and vehicles while using our imagination, we try to offer innovative solutions to various mechanical challenges,” explains Mavros, “We’ve shared this passion since our early years, and now, through our channel, we share it with millions of other people in an easily understandable way.” For its 100th video, Make It Extreme introduced the Monotrack bike, constructed entirely from recycled and old materials. They utilized a 100cc two-stroke engine from an old scooter (摩托车), cutting the sidewalls of a used car tyre and fitting it around a recycled motor. The bike reflects their commitment to sustainability and creativity, purely for the joy and curiosity it brings. “The idea for the Monotrack bike came from an old wartime photo where we saw a similar vehicle,” says Mavros, “Our creations are often inspired by things we’ve encountered before. For example, the Monowheel, where a person sits inside a huge wheel, was inspired by similar vehicles from decades ago, and our tank chair stemmed from the idea of creating an accessible adventure vehicle for people with limited mobility.” Make It Extreme now has almost two million subscribers who are eager to tune in every month to see the partners’ latest invention. And Mavros promises that 2024 will see them create their most daring project yet. 1. Why do Mavros and Shiailis run Make It Extreme? A. To make profits. B. To earn popularity. C. To develop hobby. D. To awaken innovation. 2. What do we think of their inventions according to paragraph 5? A. Practical. B. Eco-friendly. C. Costly. D. Convenient. 3. What is paragraph 6 mainly about? A. Why the old things were used. B. Where the Monowheel was found. C. What their inspirations originated from. D. How the Monotrack bike was invented. 4. What can we learn from Mavros and Shiailis in the text? A. Nothing is impossible. B. One good turn deserves another. C. A rolling stone gathers no moss. D. Constant dripping wears away the stone. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Michael Mavros和George Shiailis在You Tube上开设频道Make It Extreme，展示使用旧材料创造出的独特而创新的机械项目，他们想发明来促进机械工程的乐趣，并激发其他人的创造力。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The partners of this DIY design make the inventions to promote the joys of mechanical engineering and inspire creativity in others.(这个DIY设计的合作伙伴通过发明来促进机械工程的乐趣，并激发其他人的创造力。)”可推知，Mavros和Shiailis经营Make It Extreme是为了唤醒创新。故选D项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“For its 100th video, Make It Extreme introduced the Monotrack bike, constructed entirely from recycled and old materials.( 在其第100个视频中，Make It Extreme介绍了Monotrack自行车，完全由回收和旧材料制成。)”可推知，他们的发明是环保的。故选B项。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第六段““The idea for the Monotrack bike came from an old wartime photo where we saw a similar vehicle,” says Mavros, “Our creations are often inspired by things we’ve encountered before. For example, the Monowheel, where a person sits inside a huge wheel, was inspired by similar vehicles from decades ago, and our tank chair stemmed from the idea of creating an accessible adventure vehicle for people with limited mobility.”(‘单轨自行车的想法来自于一张战时的旧照片，我们在那里看到了一辆类似的车辆。Mavros说：‘我们的创作灵感往往来自于我们以前遇到过的东西。例如，Monowheel，一个人坐在一个巨大的轮子里，灵感来自几十年前的类似车辆，而我们的坦克椅源于为行动不便的人创造一种方便的冒险车的想法。’)”可知，第六段主要讲的是他们的灵感来源。故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第三段“On Make It Extreme, they transform everyday objects and vehicles into extreme versions of themselves, pushing creative boundaries in the process. (在Make It extreme中，他们把日常用品和交通工具变成了自己的极端版本，在这个过程中突破了创造性的界限。)”、最后一段“Make It Extreme now has almost two million subscribers who are eager to tune in every month to see the partners’ latest invention. And Mavros promises that 2024 will see them create their most daring project yet.( Make It Extreme现在有近200万用户，他们每个月都渴望收看这两位合作伙伴的最新发明。Mavros承诺，2024年他们将创造出迄今为止最大胆的项目。)”以及结合文章内容可知，文章主要说明了Michael Mavros和George Shiailis使用旧材料创造出独特而创新的机械项目，在创造的过程中，他们突破了创造的极限，从他们身上，我们可以学习到“没有什么事不可能的”。故选A项。 【05】（24-25高三上·湖南·阶段练习）Somewhere in California, just up a hill from the beach is a high school, where students will meet before traveling to neighboring San Clemente High School on a Saturday fora 2-mile walk to raise money to build a well in a Kenyan village. Most Kenyans live where clean water is hard to access. The good news is that water that falls in the rainy season is stored far underground, sometimes as deep as 900 feet. But bringing it to the surface can be a challenge. Sometimes, it requires heavy-duty equipment. Shallower wells are less costly but still require manpower and technology to work. A single well can supply water to an entire village, and this can be life-changing. Weeks before the first annual Healing Hands for Water Walk Fundraiser event in 2012, students walked in the beach town and asked for donations from businesses. They covered a lot more distance than the 2 miles they would cover during the event as student organizers Branner Grimsley, Klara Gundelach and Solveig Erngren pounded on the boardwalk. “But it was worth it to make a difference by helping these people in Africa,” Grimsley said. Standing on the boardwalk and looking out over the sand to the horizon and beyond, you can see a lifeline reaching from a few dedicated kids to a similar group of kids in an African village. The connection was hard to imagine at first but now seems so real. Students on both sides of the world walk under the same sun. On other days, they would have different places to go, but today, they walk for the same reason: to share the bond of being one human family. In another Kenyan village, a well was completed. As the villagers excitedly operated the hand pump, the anticipation built. Within minutes, a trickle of clean water flowed, then a gush. It was a miracle in such a dry village. Buckets were filled, and children splashed water. The tears of joy flowed as easily as the well water. 1. What can we know about building wells in Kenya from paragraph 2? A. It’s costly and useless. B. It’s easy and interesting C. It’s challenging but cheap D. It’s difficult but worthwhile. 2. Why does paragraph 4 mention the connection? A. To praise the event’s participants. B. To show the difficulty of the event. C. To share the bond of the human family. D. To highlight the significance of the event. 3. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The excitement of building a well. B. The requirement for completing a well. C. The joyous sight of drawing water from a well. D. The quality of the water from a local village’s well. 4. Which of the following may be the best title for the text? A. From the Beach to Kenya B. Students’ Walk on the Beach C. Walking to a Neighboring School D. Kenya’s Struggle for Clean Water 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了加利福尼亚州一所高中的学生们一场2英里的步行活动，从而为肯尼亚一个村庄建造水井筹集资金。 1. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The good news is that water that falls in the rainy season is stored far underground, sometimes as deep as 900 feet. But bringing it to the surface can be a challenge. Sometimes, it requires heavy-duty equipment. Shallower wells are less costly but still require manpower and technology to work. A single well can supply water to an entire village, and this can be life-changing.(好消息是，雨季降下的雨水会被储存在地下深处，有时深达900英尺。但将这些水带到地表却是一项挑战。有时，这需要重型设备。较浅的水井成本较低，但仍需人力和技术来运作。一口水井就能为整个村庄供水，而这可能会彻底改变他们的生活。)”可知，将地下水带到地表可能是有挑战性的，但一口水井就能为整个村庄供水，可能会彻底改变他们的生活，这表明尽管有困难，但建井是值得的。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The connection was hard to imagine at first but now seems so real. Students on both sides of the world walk under the same sun. On other days, they would have different places to go, but today, they walk for the same reason: to share the bond of being one human family.(起初这种联系很难想象，但现在却显得如此真实。世界各地的学生们都在同一个太阳下行走。在其他日子里，他们可能会去不同的地方，但今天，他们为了同一个原因而行走：分享作为人类大家庭的一员之间的纽带。)”可知，文中提到这种联系虽然起初难以想象，但现在却显得非常真实和重要。接着提到学生们为了同一个原因而行走，这突出了活动的重要性和其带来的深远影响，即连接了不同地方的人们，共同为改善他人生活而努力。故选D。 3. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“In another Kenyan village, a well was completed. As the villagers excitedly operated the hand pump, the anticipation built. Within minutes, a trickle of clean water flowed, then a gush. It was a miracle in such a dry village. Buckets were filled, and children splashed water. The tears of joy flowed as easily as the well water.(在肯尼亚的另一个村庄里，一口水井建成了。村民们兴奋地操作着手摇泵，期待之情溢于言表。几分钟后，一股细流涌出，随后是一股洪流。在这个干旱的村庄里，这简直是个奇迹。水桶被装满了，孩子们在水花中嬉戏。喜悦的泪水像井水一样自然而然地流淌。)”可知，最后一段描述了村民们兴奋地操作手摇泵，随后清洁的水流出，孩子们嬉戏，喜悦的泪水流淌，这些都是从井里抽水后村民们表现出的欢乐景象。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Somewhere in California, just up a hill from the beach is a high school, where students will meet before traveling to neighboring San Clemente High School on a Saturday fora 2-mile walk to raise money to build a well in a Kenyan village.(在加利福尼亚州的某个地方，海滩旁的一座小山丘上有一所高中，学生们会在一个周六聚集于此，然后前往邻近的圣克莱门特高中，参加一场2英里的步行活动，旨在为肯尼亚一个村庄建造水井筹集资金。)”以及全文内容可知，加利福尼亚州的学生们从海滩旁的学校出发，通过步行活动筹集资金，为肯尼亚的村庄建造水井。选项A“From the Beach to Kenya(从海滩到肯尼亚)”很好地概括文本的主题，体现了活动的起点和终点，以及活动的目的和意义。故选A。 【06】（2024·浙江杭州·一模）For many, travel isn’t just about the destination — it’s about making the most of the journey. However, for a lot of people, the journey is often ruined by an uncomfortable experience often accompanied by vomiting, known as motion sickness. If you’ve ever felt the unwelcome urge to vomit while reading or using your device in a moving vehicle, you’re not alone. Recognizing this common issue, Apple has stepped up to offer a revolutionary solution; the Vehicle Motion Cues feature for iPhones and iPads. Motion sickness occurs when there is a disconnect between what your eyes see and what your body feels. When you’re in a moving vehicle, your body senses motion through its vestibular system (the inner ear), but if your eyes are focused on a still screen that doesn’t reflect this movement, the brain receives mixed signals. This sensory conflict can lead to dizziness, nausea, and overall discomfort - symptoms all too familiar to motion sickness sufferers. Apple’s new Vehicle Motion Cues feature is designed to bridge this gap and bring relief to those likely to experience motion sickness. This revolutionary feature works by displaying animated dots, around the edges of your screen, which move at the same time and speed as the motion of your vehicle. These moving cues help keep the motion your body feels in line with what your eyes see, effectively reducing the sensory mismatch that causes motion sickness. The magic lies in the simplicity and effectiveness. The animated dots move in consistency with the vehicle’s motion, providing a visual representation of the movement your body is experiencing. By matching the visual input with the physical sensations of motion, your brain is less likely to experience the confusion that leads to sickness. Early reports and user feedback indicate that Vehicle Motion Cues is receiving high praise for its effectiveness. So next time you embark on a journey, whether short or long, remember that Apple’s got your back — or rather, your brain - helping you make the most of every mile with ease and comfort. 1. Which type of people can be interested in Vehicle Motion Cues? A. Frequent travelers. B. Book lovers. C. Vehicle operators. D. Sport scientists. 2. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The principle of Apple’s new design. B. The cause of motion sickness. C. The functions of Apples new design. D. The symptoms of motion sickness. 3. By displaying animated dots around the screen, Applet Vehicle Motion Cues is able to_____. A. ease sensory conflicts in the brain B. tell the mismatched physical sensations C. balance the movement of our eyes and body D. increase the effectiveness of vehicle motion 4. Which can be the best title of the passage? A. Make the Most of Your Journey： Apple Bridges the. Gap B. Find the Magic of a Moving Vehicle: Apple’s Got! Your Back C. Enjoy Your Reading: Apple Offers a Revolutionary Solution D. Say Goodbye to Motion Sickness: Apple Introduces Its New Design 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍苹果公司新设计的Vehicle Motion Cue功能解决了人们晕车的问题。 1. 推理判断题。由文章第一段“However, for a lot of people, the journey is often ruined by an uncomfortable experience often accompanied by vomiting, known as motion sickness. If you’ve ever felt the unwelcome urge to vomit while reading or using your device in a moving vehicle, you’re not alone. Recognizing this common issue, Apple has stepped up to offer a revolutionary solution; the Vehicle Motion Cues feature for iPhones and iPads.(然而，对于很多人来说，旅途往往会被一种不舒服的体验所破坏，这种体验通常伴随着呕吐，被称为晕车。如果你曾经在阅读或在行驶的车辆中使用设备时感到不受欢迎的呕吐冲动，那么你并不孤单。认识到这一共同问题，苹果公司已经加紧提供革命性的解决方案；iPhone和iPad的Vehicle Motion Cue功能。)”可知，iPhone和iPad的Vehicle Motion Cue功能主要解决旅途中有晕动病，所以经常旅行的人可能会对Vehicle Motion Cue功能感兴趣。故选A项。 2. 主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Motion sickness occurs when there is a disconnect between what your eyes see and what your body feels. When you’re in a moving vehicle, your body senses motion through its vestibular system (the inner ear), but if your eyes are focused on a still screen that doesn’t reflect this movement, the brain receives mixed signals. This sensory conflict can lead to dizziness, nausea, and overall discomfort - symptoms all too familiar to motion sickness sufferers.(当你的眼睛看到的和你的身体感觉之间出现脱节时，就会发生晕动病。当你在移动的车辆中时，你的身体通过前庭系统（内耳）感知运动，但如果你的眼睛聚焦在一个没有反映这种运动的静止屏幕上，大脑会收到混合信号。这种感官冲突会导致头晕、恶心和整体不适——这些症状对晕车患者来说太熟悉了。)”可知，本段主要讲晕车的原因。故选B项。 3. 细节理解题。由文章第三段“Apple’s new Vehicle Motion Cues feature is designed to bridge this gap and bring relief to those likely to experience motion sickness. This revolutionary feature works by displaying animated dots, around the edges of your screen, which move at the same time and speed as the motion of your vehicle. These moving cues help keep the motion your body feels in line with what your eyes see, effectively reducing the sensory mismatch that causes motion sickness.(苹果公司新的Vehicle Motion Cue功能旨在弥合这一差距，并为那些可能患有晕动病的人带来缓解。这一革命性功能的工作原理是在屏幕边缘显示动画点，这些点与车辆的运动同时以相同的速度移动。这些移动的线索有助于使你的身体感觉与你的眼睛所看到的保持一致，有效地减少了导致晕车的感官不匹配。)”可知，通过在屏幕周围显示动画点，Applet Vehicle Motion Cues能够缓解大脑中的感官冲突。故选A项。 4. 主旨大意题。由文章第一段“However, for a lot of people, the journey is often ruined by an uncomfortable experience often accompanied by vomiting, known as motion sickness. If you’ve ever felt the unwelcome urge to vomit while reading or using your device in a moving vehicle, you’re not alone. Recognizing this common issue, Apple has stepped up to offer a revolutionary solution; the Vehicle Motion Cues feature for iPhones and iPads.(然而，对于很多人来说，旅途往往会被一种不舒服的体验所破坏，这种体验通常伴随着呕吐，被称为晕车。如果你曾经在阅读或在行驶的车辆中使用设备时感到不受欢迎的呕吐冲动，那么你并不孤单。认识到这一共同问题，苹果公司已经加紧提供革命性的解决方案；iPhone和iPad的Vehicle Motion Cue功能。)”以及下文可知，文章介绍苹果公司的Vehicle Motion Cue功能能解决人们晕车问题。所以D项Say Goodbye to Motion Sickness: Apple Introduces Its New Design(告别晕车：苹果推出新设计)符合语境。故选D项。 【07】（24-25高三上·辽宁锦州·期中）When Celia Barberena retired in 2012 after a long career in higher education, she faced a new challenge: how to spend her retirement. While some view retirement as a time to relax and enjoy life without pressure, Barberena wanted to engage in something meaningful. At 67, she decided that volunteering would be her new focus. Barberena believes that volunteering helps keep her mind sharp, and recent research backs her up. A study presented at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference indicated that volunteering is connected with better scores on cognitive (认知) function tests. Volunteers are vital to communities, and many organizations rely on their contributions. Donna McCullough, Chief Mission and Field Operations Officer at the Alzheimer’s Association, hopes these findings will inspire people to volunteer not just for community but also for potential brain health benefits. This research stands out because it included a diverse population of nearly 2,500 participants who varied in race. background, and education levels. Previous studies have found positive links between volunteering and cognitive function； however, when it comes to the new research, it found that those who volunteered performed better on tests of planning, attention focusing, task prioritization, and memory recall, regardless of their age, gender, education, or income. Now 75, Barberena stays busy with various volunteer roles. She believes that volunteering exercises her memory and reasoning skills. Additionally, she notes that retirement can lead to isolation (孤独), and the resulting loneliness or anxiety can negatively impact cognition, making social engagement even more crucial. Volunteering has provided Barberena with a sense of purpose and a network of friends, all of which are invaluable to her mental health and overall quality of life. Experts suggest that the positive effects of volunteering create a beneficial cycle that can help reduce depression and loneliness. Even with physical limitations, many volunteering opportunities are available online, making it accessible to almost everyone. The key is to find an activity that is enjoyable and personally rewarding, allowing individuals to stay engaged and mentally active in their later years. 1. Why did Barberena turn to volunteering? A. To pursue a purposeful activity. B. To enjoy a stress-free retirement. C. To avoid additional responsibilities. D. To confirm recent research findings 2. What makes the new research unique? A. Its narrow focus. B. Its mixed sample. C. Its high accuracy. D. Its small selection. 3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Berberena’s gains from volunteering. B. Barberena’s motivation for retirement. C. Barberena’s challenges in volunteering. D. Barberena’s hobbies outside volunteering. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Volunteering primarily benefits physical health. B. Volunteering should be satisfying and meaningful. C. Online volunteering is suited for skilled professionals. D. Only in-person volunteering offers a sense of purpose. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Celia Barberena在退休后通过志愿服务保持认知功能，并引用研究表明志愿服务对大脑健康和心理健康有积极影响。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Barberena wanted to engage in something meaningful. At 7, she decided that volunteering would be her new focus. ”（Barberena想从事一些有意义的事情。7岁时，她决定把志愿服务作为自己的新重点。）Barberena在退休后希望从事有意义的事情，因此她选择了志愿服务。她认为这能帮助她保持头脑清晰并提供一种目的感。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“This research stands out because it included a diverse population of nearly 2,500 participants who varied in race, background, and education levels. ”（这项研究之所以引人注目，是因为它包括了近2500名不同种族、背景和教育水平的参与者。）这项研究的独特之处在于它包含了种族、背景和教育水平各异的多样化样本。故选B项。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Now 75, Barberena stays busy with various volunteer roles. She believes that volunteering exercises her memory and reasoning skills. Additionally, she notes that retirement can lead to isolation (孤独), and the resulting loneliness or anxiety can negatively impact cognition, making social engagement even more crucial.”（现年75岁的Barberena仍然忙于各种志愿者角色。她认为志愿活动锻炼了她的记忆力和推理能力。此外，她指出，退休会导致孤立，由此产生的孤独或焦虑会对认知产生负面影响，使社会参与变得更加重要。）可知，本段主要讨论了Barberena通过志愿服务在记忆和推理能力方面的收获。故选A项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The key is to find an activity that is enjoyable and personally rewarding, allowing individuals to stay engaged and mentally active in their later years.”（关键是要找到一项令人愉快且对个人有益的活动，让个人在晚年保持投入和精神活跃。） 可知，从最后一段推理出志愿服务应该是令人满意和有意义的。故选B项。 【08】（24-25高三上·广西柳州·期中）Chloe Ricketts is only 15 years old, but she’s already signed a professional contract with the Washington Spirit soccer team. That makes her the youngest player ever to sign with the National Women’s Soccer League (NWSL). Chloe began working out with the Washington Spirit team in January. She trained with the team in Florida and Virginia. During training, Chloe impressed the team’s managers with her ability to compete with the other professional players. That led the team to offer her the contract. Chloe started playing soccer when she was seven. She claims that at the time, she was “the worst on the team”. She says she improved through hard work, extra training, and staying late after practice. In 2021, she played on a girls’ team, which went to the national finals of the Elite Clubs National League. She also played on a boys’ team, the 2007 Boys Ann Arbor Tigers, which won the Michigan State Cup that year. In January of 2022, Chloe signed with AFC Ann Arbor — a team that is part of USL League Two. USL League Two helps develop players for the NWSL. When she joined AFC Ann Arbor, Chloe was just 14 the youngest player ever to join the club. But Chloe isn’t the first 15-year-old to play for the NWSL. The NWSL used to have a rule saying that no one under the age of 18 could join its teams. But in 2021, another 15-year-old, Olivia Moultrie, took the league to court. Olivia won her case, and the NWSL made special rules that allowed players younger than 18 to join. The new rules are mainly designed to protect young players, and require that the players live with a parent. They also protect young players from being traded to another team unless both the player and the parents agree. When Chloe signed with the Washington Spirit, she was 15 years and 283 days old, beating Olivia’s record by three days. 1. What contributed to Chloe’s signing with NWSL? A. Her competitive competence. B. Her staying late after practice. C. Her willingness to do extra training. D. Her potential to be a world-class star. 2. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about? A. Chloe’s challenging experiences in life. B. Chloe’s shooting up in the soccer world. C. Chloe’s good cooperation with teammates. D. Chloe’s personal achievements in matches. 3. What can we learn about Olivia from Paragraph 5? A. She advocated against trading players. B. She persuaded NWSL to protect its players. C. She challenged and broke the NWSL’s old rule. D. She helped NWSL make rules for playing soccer. 4. What might be the most suitable title for the text? A. An American girl breaking a record in the World Cup. B. Chloe Ricketts making efforts to reform NWSL greatly. C. US professional women soccer getting more fresh blood. D. The youngest player entering US professional women’s soccer league. 【答案】2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。15岁的克洛伊·里基茨与华盛顿精神足球队签下了一份职业合同，成为与美国女子足球联盟（NWSL）签约的最年轻的球员。文章对此进行了详细报道。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“During training, Chloe impressed the team’s managers with her ability to compete with the other professional players. That led the team to offer her the contract.(在训练期间，克洛伊给球队经理留下了深刻的印象，她有能力与其他职业球员竞争。这导致团队向她提供了合同。)”可知，克洛伊的竞争能力促成了其与NWSL的签约。故选A。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句“In 2021, she played on a girls’ team, which went to the national finals of the Elite Clubs National League.(2021年，她参加了女子球队，进入了精英俱乐部全国联赛的全国决赛。)”和最后一句“When she joined AFC Ann Arbor, Chloe was just 14 the youngest player ever to join the club.(当她加入安娜堡亚足联时，克洛伊只有14岁，是该俱乐部有史以来最年轻的球员。)”可知，第四段主要是讲克洛伊在足球界的崛起。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据第五段第三句和第四句“But in 2021, another 15-year-old, Olivia Moultrie, took the league to court. Olivia won her case, and the NWSL made special rules that allowed players younger than 18 to join.(但在2021年，另一名15岁的奥利维亚·莫尔特里将联盟告上法庭。奥利维亚打赢了官司，NWSL制定了特殊规则，允许18岁以下的球员加入。)”可知，奥利维亚挑战并打破了NWSL的旧规则。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Chloe Ricketts is only 15 years old, but she’s already signed a professional contract with the Washington Spirit soccer team. That makes her the youngest player ever to sign with the National Women’s Soccer League (NWSL).(克洛伊·里基茨只有15岁，但她已经与华盛顿精神足球队签下了一份职业合同。这使她成为与美国女子足球联盟（NWSL）签约的最年轻的球员。)”可知，文章主要是讲15岁的克洛伊·里基茨成为与美国女子足球联盟（NWSL）签约的最年轻的球员。故选D。 【09】（24-25高二上·福建宁德·期中）Low levels of vitamin (维生素) D could lead to a slower recovery process in children with broken bones, according to research to be presented at a conference this weekend. “Children need to be given well-balanced diets that include vitamin D to maintain children’s overall health and ensure efficient recovery when injuries occur,” said the study’s senior author, Dr. Jessica McQuerry of the University of Florida. McQuerry’s team examined data about 166 patients, from babies to 17-year-olds, who had broken a bone between 2015 and 2022. They found that in 61.4 percent of cases, the children had low levels of vitamin D and these children were likely to take significantly longer to recover. Professor Scarlett McNally, the deputy director of London’s Center for Perioperative Care, said, “Vitamin D helps in many body functions, including repair of bones and tissues. It is a vitamin that helps the body manage calcium which keeps your bones strong and is needed for muscles to contract. Vitamin D also has a role in immune (免疫) function, helping your body deal with infection and cancer. It also has a role in cell division—essential for tissue repair.” The study’s authors said that previous studies had focused on how vitamin D can help prevent fractures (骨折), but this new research is making up for the fact that vitamin D for children’s fractures had been largely unexplored up to this point. They recommended testing your child for vitamin D levels if a broken bone is taking a long time to recover. Vitamin D can be found in a variety of foods. Dairy products, such as milk and cheese, are particularly high in the nutrient, but it is also found in fish, eggs and some vegetables. Sunlight exposure can help the body absorb vitamin D. “Getting outside and enjoying the fresh air can do wonders for your recovery while also upping vitamin D absorption,” McQuerry said. 1. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The side effects of medicine. B. The good ways to keep fit. C. The functions of vitamin D. D. The roles of bones and tissues. 2. How does the new research differ from previous studies? A. It uncovers the secret of tasty foods. B. It offers deep insights into vitamin D. C. It focuses on teenage exercise routine. D. It provides the cure for broken bones. 3. What do the study’s authors advise parents to do? A. Eat vegetables as much as possible. B. Ask their family members to work out. C. Check vitamin D levels of their kids. D. Refuse dairy products in the supermarket. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Well-balanced Diets Help Teenagers Grow up B. Exploring Nature Plays a Key Role in Life C. Researchers Find a New Kind of Vitamin D. Vitamin D Is Vital for Children 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了维生素D对儿童骨折后恢复过程的影响，以及维生素D的来源和作用等相关知识。 1. 主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Professor Scarlett McNally, the deputy director of London’s Center for Perioperative Care, said, “Vitamin D helps in many body functions, including repair of bones and tissues. It is a vitamin that helps the body manage calcium which keeps your bones strong and is needed for muscles to contract. Vitamin D also has a role in immune (免疫) function, helping your body deal with infection and cancer. It also has a role in cell division—essential for tissue repair.”(伦敦围手术期护理中心副主任Scarlett McNally教授表示：“维生素D有助于身体的多种功能，包括骨骼和组织的修复。它是一种帮助身体管理钙质的维生素，使骨骼保持强壮，并且是肌肉收缩所必需的。维生素D还在免疫功能中发挥作用，有助于身体应对感染和癌症。它还在细胞分裂中发挥作用——这是组织修复所必需的。”)”可知，本段主要讲述了Scarlett McNally教授对维生素D的看法，教授认为维生素D有助于身体管理钙质、在免疫功能中发挥作用以及在细胞分裂中发挥作用，这些内容都是在介绍维生素D的功能。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The study’s authors said that previous studies had focused on how vitamin D can help prevent fractures (骨折), but this new research is making up for the fact that vitamin D for children’s fractures had been largely unexplored up to this point.(该研究的作者表示，以前的研究主要关注维生素D如何有助于预防骨折，但这项新研究弥补了迄今为止儿童骨折与维生素D之间关系在很大程度上未被探索的不足)”可知，之前的研究主要关注维生素D如何预防骨折，而这项新研究则侧重于维生素D对儿童骨折恢复的作用，这提供了对维生素D的深刻见解。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“They recommended testing your child for vitamin D levels if a broken bone is taking a long time to recover.(他们建议，如果骨折恢复时间过长，应检测孩子的维生素D水平)”可知，研究的作者建议父母如果孩子的骨折恢复时间过长，应该检查孩子的维生素D水平。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段““Children need to be given well-balanced diets that include vitamin D to maintain children’s overall health and ensure efficient recovery when injuries occur,” said the study’s senior author, Dr. Jessica McQuerry of the University of Florida.(佛罗里达大学的Jessica McQuerry博士是该研究的主要作者，她表示：“为了保持儿童的整体健康，并确保在发生伤害时能够有效恢复，需要为儿童提供包含维生素D的均衡饮食。”)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了维生素D对儿童骨折后恢复过程的影响，以及维生素D的来源和作用等相关知识，说明了维生素D对儿童而言非常重要。选项D“Vitamin D Is Vital for Children (维生素D对儿童至关重要)”能够概括文章的主要内容。故选D。 【10】（24-25高二上·江苏苏州·期中）Tears, usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds and often associated with human emotions, have sparked curiosity regarding their presence in nonhuman animals. While humans have long been viewed as the only species to produce tears in response to emotions, recent researchers dive into the possibility of similar occurrences in other creatures. Tears serve various purposes across species. The primary function of tears lies in its contribution to maintaining eye health, while reflex (反射性的) tears flush our eyes in response to external irritants (刺激物). Emotional tears, however, remain a subject of debate. Historically, societies perceived emotional crying as uniquely human, associating it with expressions of sadness or vulnerability. Although scientific consensus still favors emotional tears as a human trait, recent investigations suggest otherwise. A study published in 2022 observed tear secretion (分泌物) in dogs during positive emotional encounters, such as reuniting with their owners. This phenomenon, triggered by the hormone oxytocin, which is also known as the cuddle chemical, helping to connect social contact with feelings of pleasure, potentially strengthens the bond between humans and dogs. Moreover, observations of domestic pigs and rats have revealed tear-like secretions when in a state of tension, indicating a possible emotional response. These findings challenge the concept of emotional tears being exclusive to humans. Despite anecdotal (传闻的) evidence of animals displaying signs of sadness, such as elephants, gorillas, and wolves, scientific backing remains rare. Professionals working with animals have reported no instances of emotional crying. Anecdotes often lead to anthropomorphism, regarding human behaviors as animal’s without solid evidence. The viral video of a “crying” bison (野牛) gained widespread attention, yet experts suggest a more reasonable explanation, such as irritation from dust or wind. While ancient pictures, like the bison painting in the Chauvet cave, hint at tear-like imagery, concrete evidence is lacking. In conclusion, while emotional tears remain primarily associated with humans, emerging research suggests the possibility of similar phenomena in certain animal species. Further studies are needed to uncover the complexities of emotional responses across the animal kingdom. 1. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. Human tears and those of other creatures. B. The emotional significance of human tears. C. An introduction to tears in nonhuman animals. D. The relationship between tears and human emotions. 2. Which animals exhibit tear-like secretions during stressful conditions? A. Dogs. B. Bison. C. Elephants and gorillas. D. Domestic pigs and rats. 3. Why is the viral video of the “crying” bison mentioned in Paragraph 5? A. To suggest that animals are capable of emotional crying. B. To emphasize the importance of viral videos in scientific research. C. To highlight the need for further investigation into the bison painting. D. To illustrate how anecdotes can lead to misconceptions about animal behavior. 4. Which can be the best title of the passage? A. Why Do Animals Possess Emotional Tears? B. Whether Do Animals Possess Emotional Tears? C. Why Do Animals Possess Emotional Responses? D. Whether Do Animals Possess Emotional Responses? 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 4. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最近的研究表明某些动物在紧张状态下，会分泌类似眼泪的分泌物，这表明它们可能有情绪反应。这些发现挑战了情绪性眼泪只属于人类的观念。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Tears, usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds and often associated with human emotions, have sparked curiosity regarding their presence in nonhuman animals. While humans have long been viewed as the only species to produce tears in response to emotions, recent researchers dive into the possibility of similar occurrences in other creatures.(眼泪通常伴随着抽泣或其他口齿不清的声音，通常与人类的情绪有关，这引发了人们对非人类动物是否也会流泪的好奇。长期以来，人类一直被认为是唯一一种会因情绪而流泪的物种，但最近的研究人员深入研究了其他生物出现类似情况的可能性)”可知，第一段的主要内容是关于非人类动物眼泪的话题。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Moreover, observations of domestic pigs and rats have revealed tear-like secretions when in a state of tension, indicating a possible emotional response.(此外，对家猪和老鼠的观察发现，当它们处于紧张状态时，会分泌类似眼泪的分泌物，这表明它们可能有情绪反应)”可知，家猪和老鼠在紧张的情况下会分泌类似眼泪的分泌物。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据第五段“Anecdotes often lead to anthropomorphism, regarding human behaviors as animal’s without solid evidence. The viral video of a ‘crying’ bison (野牛) gained widespread attention, yet experts suggest a more reasonable explanation, such as irritation from dust or wind.(轶事常常导致拟人化，在没有确凿证据的情况下将人类行为归因于动物。这段疯传的野牛‘哭泣’视频引起了广泛关注，但专家们提出了一个更合理的解释，比如灰尘或风的刺激)”可知，提到“哭泣的”野牛的视频是为了说明轶事如何导致对动物行为的误解。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“While humans have long been viewed as the only species to produce tears in response to emotions, recent researchers dive into the possibility of similar occurrences in other creatures.(长期以来，人类一直被认为是唯一一种会因情绪而流泪的物种，但最近的研究人员深入研究了其他生物出现类似情况的可能性)”和最后一段“In conclusion, while emotional tears remain primarily associated with humans, emerging research suggests the possibility of similar phenomena in certain animal species. Further studies are needed to uncover the complexities of emotional responses across the animal kingdom.(总之，虽然情绪性眼泪主要与人类有关，但新兴研究表明，某些动物物种也可能出现类似现象。需要进一步的研究来揭示动物王国情绪反应的复杂性)”可知，文章主要说明了最近的研究表明某些动物在紧张状态下，会分泌类似眼泪的分泌物，这表明它们可能有情绪反应。这些发现挑战了情绪性眼泪只属于人类的观念，B选项“动物是否会流泪？”最符合文章标题。故选B。 【11】（24-25高二上·四川成都·期中）Earthquakes are among the most powerful and destructive natural phenomena on our planet. They result from plate movements, where the Earth’s crustal plates grind against each other, causing stress to build up over time. When this stress exceeds the strength of the rock, it ruptures (断裂), releasing energy in the form of seismic waves (地震波) that travel through the Earth’s interior and shake the surface. The force of an earthquake depends on the extent of rock movement, and powerful events can shake firm ground violently for great distances. Earthquakes can have catastrophic consequences, though they rarely kill people directly. Instead, deaths and injuries are often caused by falling objects, building collapses, and subsequent fires or hazardous chemical spills. So no matter where we are, knowing how to protect ourselves and our family during an earthquake is necessary. For example, when we feel the ground is shaking, find a nice piece of furniture, a chair, a sofa, or a closet, and lie down, or curl up next to it. A falling roof may compact (压实) the furniture, but will still leave a space for us to survive next to it. After earthquakes, immediate response is crucial to save lives and minimize damage. Governments, international organizations, and local communities should work together to provide emergency relief, including medical aid, food, water, shelter, and search and rescue operations. Earthquakes are unpredictable and devastating natural disasters that can have profound impacts on communities worldwide. While we cannot prevent earthquakes from happening, we can take steps to mitigate their effects through better building codes, early warning systems, and effective response and recovery efforts. By working together, we can reduce the human toll (伤亡人数) of these powerful events and build more resilient communities. 1. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A. What earthquakes are. B. What earthquakes cause. C. Where earthquakes occur. D. How earthquakes happen. 2. What should we do during an earthquake according to the text? A. Stay in the bedroom. B. Hide in a closet. C. Lie down next to a sofa. D. Curl up under a chair. 3. What is the key to reducing death and damage after an earthquake? A. Immediate response to others’ help. B. Quick action and cooperation at home and abroad. C. Getting connected with family and friends immediately. D. Waiting for aid from governments, communities and international organizations. 4. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Reduce. B. Prevent. C. Research. D. Promote. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震发生的原因，造成的严重后果，人们应该怎么做才能减少伤亡以及震后可以采取哪些措施减少损失。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“They result from plate movements, where the Earth’s crustal plates grind against each other, causing stress to build up over time. (它们是板块运动的结果，地球的地壳板块相互摩擦，造成压力随着时间的推移而增加)”及本段内容可知，第一段是介绍地震发生的原因，即地震如何发生的。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“For example, when we feel the ground is shaking, find a nice piece of furniture, a chair, a sofa, or a closet, and lie down, or curl up next to it. A falling roof may compact (压实) the furniture, but will still leave a space for us to survive next to it. (例如，当我们感到地面在晃动时，找一件漂亮的家具，椅子，沙发或壁橱，躺下，或蜷缩在它旁边。倒塌的屋顶可能会压紧家具，但仍会为我们留下生存的空间)”可知，地震时我们应该躺在沙发旁边。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“After earthquakes, immediate response is crucial to save lives and minimize damage. Governments, international organizations, and local communities should work together to provide emergency relief, including medical aid, food, water, shelter, and search and rescue operations. (地震发生后，快速反应对于挽救生命和减少损失至关重要。各国政府、国际组织和当地社区应共同努力，提供紧急救援，包括医疗援助、食品、水、住所以及搜救行动)”可知，地震后减少死亡和损失的关键是快速行动，国内外合作。故选B。 4. 词句猜测题。根据划线词前半句“While we cannot prevent earthquakes from happening, (虽然我们无法预防地震的发生)”和后半句“through better building codes, early warning systems, and effective response and recovery efforts. (通过更好的建筑规范、早期预警系统以及有效的响应和恢复工作)”可知，地震无法预测，也无法避免，但是我们可以采取措施来减少地震的影响。所以划线词mitigate为“减少”之意。故选A。 【12】（24-25高二上·重庆·阶段练习）Imagine a busy restaurant; dishes clattering, music playing, people talking loudly over one another. It’s a wonder that anyone in that kind of environment can focus enough to have a conversation. A new study by researchers at Brown University’s Carney Institute for Brain Science provides some of the most detailed insights into the brain mechanisms that help people pay attention in such distraction, as well as what’s happening when they can’t focus. In an earlier psychology study, the researchers established that people can separately control how much they focus (by enhancing relevant information)and how much they filter (by tuning out distraction). The team’s new research, published in Nature Human Behaviour, shows the process by which the brain combines these two critical functions. To conduct the study, Ritz administered a cognitive task to participants while measuring their brain activity in an FMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)machine. Participants saw a swirling mass of green and purple dots moving left and right, like a swarm of fireflies. The tasks, which varied in difficulty, involved distinguishing between the movement and colors of the dots. For example participants in one exercise were instructed to select which color was in the majority for the rapidly movıng dots when the rate of purple to green was almost50/50. Ritz and his co- writer Shenhav then compared the process to how humans harmonize muscle activity to perform complex physical tasks. “In the same way that we bring together more than50 muscles to perform a physical task like using chopsticks, our study found that we can integrate multiple varieties of concentrations in order to perform acts of mental flexibility,” said Ritz, who conducted the study as a PhD student at Brown. “These findings can help us to understand how we humans are able to exhibit such tremendous cognitive flexibility — to pay attention to what we want, when we want to,” Shenhav said. “They can also help us better understand limitations on that flexibility, and how limitations might appear in certain attention- related disorders such as ADHD(注意力缺陷及多动障碍), which we will study and conduct in the future.” 1. Why does the author talk about the busy restaurant at the beginning of the text? A. To complain why people can’t focus attention. B. To show people’s attention among distraction. C. To call on conversation in the busy restaurant. D. To show one example of working environment. 2. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. The research result. B. The research participants. C. The research questions. D. The research process. 3. What do people do when they are carrying out flexible acts? A. They adjust various forms of attention. B. They bring together more than 50 muscles. C. They pay attention to the complex physical task. D. They use instruments like chopsticks to help them. 4. According to Shenhav, what can the researchers do in the future? A. Ensure cognition. B. Research diseases. C. Show flexibility. D. Limit attention. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了布朗大学卡尼脑科学研究所为了解帮助人们在分心时集中注意力的大脑机制，以及当他们无法集中注意力时发生了什么所进行的研究。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“A new study by researchers at Brown University’s Carney Institute for Brain Science provides some of the most detailed insights into the brain mechanisms that help people pay attention in such distraction, as well as what’s happening when they can’t focus.(布朗大学卡尼脑科学研究所的研究人员进行的一项新研究提供了一些最详细的见解，以了解帮助人们在这种分心时集中注意力的大脑机制，以及当他们无法集中注意力时发生了什么。)”可知，文章开始提到人们在嘈杂的餐厅能够专注于自己的谈话，而不会分心，是为了显示人们在有干扰的环境中的注意力。故选B。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Participants saw a swirling mass of green and purple dots moving left and right, like a swarm of fireflies. The tasks, which varied in difficulty, involved distinguishing between the movement and colors of the dots. For example participants in one exercise were instructed to select which color was in the majority for the rapidly movıng dots when the rate of purple to green was almost50/50.(参与者看到一团绿色和紫色的圆点左右旋转，就像一群萤火虫，这些任务的难度各不相同，包括区分点的运动和颜色。例如，在一项练习中，参与者被要求在紫色到绿色的比例几乎是50%的情况下，选择快速movıng点的大多数颜色。)”可知，该段主要介绍了研究的具体过程。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“In the same way that we bring together more than50 muscles to perform a physical task like using chopsticks, our study found that we can integrate multiple varieties of concentrations in order to perform acts of mental flexibility,(我们的研究发现，就像我们需要50多块肌肉来完成像使用筷子这样的体力任务一样，我们可以将多种注意力集中在一起，以完成心理灵活性的动作，)”可知，当人们进行灵活性动作时，会调节不同形式的注意力，把它们集中在一起。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段Shenhav的话“They can also help us better understand limitations on that flexibility, and how limitations might appear in certain attention- related disorders such as ADHD(注意力缺陷及多动障碍), which we will study and conduct in the future.(它们还可以帮助我们更好地理解这种灵活性的局限性，以及局限性如何出现在某些与注意力相关的疾病中，如注意力缺陷及多动障碍，我们将在未来对它们进行研究。)”可知，Shenhav表明研究者们未来会研究某些与注意力相关的疾病。故选B。 （24-25高三上·福建泉州·期中）Another year of record fossil fuel burning leading to record high global temperatures. Time is running out to solve the climate crisis, and great disasters come near us. You’re probably used to such headlines, and you may have moments of hopelessness about the future. But can you turn such gloom (灰暗) messaging of climate crisis into meaningful change? Our recent global study says yes — but the messages must be used wisely. In 2019, in his book, David Wallace-Wells painted a terrifying landscape of the suffering awaiting us if we don’t address climate change, leaving many feeling consumed by fear and helplessness. Not everyone is a fan of his gloom messaging. Climate scientists like Michael Mann have warned against it, messaging that it can depress and discourage the public, and lead to further climate inaction. And the title of a new book by Hannah Ritchíe states clearly that it’s Not the End of the World: How We Can Be the First Generation to Build a Sustainable Planet. To help figure out the precise impact of climate gloom messaging, we recently completed a large experiment. Our findings revealed that gloom messaging was highly effective for stimulating climate change information sharing, like posting on the Internet or social media. Wallace-Wells was right in this aspect. But Mann and Ritchie were also right. Hearing these messages actually decreased people’s positive behaviors against environmental pollution — when faced with the enormous messages of the climate crisis, many feel that individual-level actions might seem futile. So gloom messaging can do both things: cause helplessness, discouraging individual-level action; but also motivate people to spread the word. Our research also found some other messages that moved the needle on climate change beliefs and actions. This suggests that understanding how different messages work, and in what contexts, will be vital to changing beliefs, spreading the word, and motivating action. 1. What does gloom messaging intend to deliver? A. The unstoppable tendency to disasters. B. The urgency to deal with climate crisis. C. Disastrous effects of burning fossil fuels. D. Confidence in environmental protection. 2. Why do some climate scientists disagree with Wallace-Wells’view? A. Because they don’t believe there is severe climate crisis. B. Because they worry it makes people give up climate actions. C. Because they plan to build a new world in a sustainable planet. D. Because they fear it will lead to more environmental pollution. 3. What does the underlined word “futile” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Meaningful. B. Critical. C. Pointless. D. Precious. 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The lack of solution for inspiring climate actions. B. Right attitudes to climate change beliefs and behaviors. C. The influences of gloom messages on climate behaviors. D. The importance of studying the effects of different messages. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们常常在媒体看到关于气候的悲观信息，一定要研究这些信息的影响，建议明智地使用这些信息，把这些信息转变为有益的信息。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Time is running out to solve the climate crisis, and great disasters come near us.(解决气候危机的时间所剩无几，大灾难近在眼前)”可知，这条令人郁闷的信息本是想告知大家解决气候问题的迫切性。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2019, in his book, David Wallace-Wells painted a terrifying landscape of the suffering awaiting us if we don’t address climate change, leaving many feeling consumed by fear and helplessness. Not everyone is a fan of his gloom messaging. Climate scientists like Michael Mann have warned against it, messaging that it can depress and discourage the public, and lead to further climate inaction.(2019年，David Wallace-Wells在他的书中描绘了一幅可怕的景象，如果我们不解决气候变化问题，我们将面临可怕的苦难，让许多人感到恐惧和无助。并非所有人都喜欢他悲观的信息。Michael Mann等气候科学家对此提出了警告，称这可能会让公众感到沮丧和气馁，并导致进一步的气候不作为)”可知，这些科学家担心，人们感到绝望而放弃努力，不去积极应对气候问题。故选B项。 3. 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“So gloom messaging can do both things: cause helplessness, discouraging individual-level action; but also motivate people to spread the word.(因此，悲观的信息可以做到两件事：造成无助，阻碍个人层面的行动；还能激励人们传播这个词)”可知，悲观的信息有可能阻碍个人层面的行动，根据前文“when faced with the enormous messages of the climate crisis”推知前文应是“当面对气候危机的大量信息时，许多人觉得个人层面的行动似乎是徒劳没有意义的”之意，所以futile是“无意义的”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Our research also found some other messages that moved the needle on climate change beliefs and actions. This suggests that understanding how different messages work, and in what contexts, will be vital to changing beliefs, spreading the word, and motivating action.(我们的研究还发现了其他一些影响气候变化信念和行动的信息。这表明，理解不同的信息是如何起作用的，以及在什么情况下起作用，对于改变信念、传播信息和激励行动是至关重要的)”可知，本段表示正确研究理解不同信息的影响是很重要的。故选D项。 （24-25高三上·山西忻州·阶段练习）On September 9, 2024, Apple released its latest iPhone 16 series at an event called “It’s Glowtime”. At the event, Tim Cook, the company’s CEO, played up the promise of the phones’ AI features in a pre-recorded video. Indeed, the demonstration seemed impressive. When Cook pointed the camera at a restaurant, the AI assistant Siri could tell him what was on the menu. It also could answer his questions fairly well and learn about the users from their interactions with their devices. For instance, Siri could know if a user’s mother was calling and acted appropriately. Apple is one of many firms that want to take AI beyond huge data centres, known as the cloud, and run it on smaller devices, known as the edge. Samsung, Apple’s major competitor, launched its Galaxy S24 with some AI features earlier this year. So did Microsoft, which has launched Windows PCs designed for AI. But their efforts have shown that it is not easy to shift cloud-based AI models to the edge devices. At present, cloud-based AI models are mostly trained on graphics processing units (GPUs) that consume so much energy that it can take a nuclear-power plant to fuel them. They also need huge amounts of memory and data. All these can cost hundreds of millions of dollars. Even once they are trained, running these AI models is costly. According to one estimate, it costs OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT, 36 cents every time someone asks its AI model a question. Companies are experimenting with various solutions to these problems. Apple will offer on-device AI to deal with the easiest tasks, but send trickier problems to the firm’s private cloud. The service will direct the most difficult requests to third-party models such as ChatGPT. But even such smaller on-device AI models require a lot of computing power to run, which puts huge stress on the edge devices’ batteries. “Making the technology work could not only start a supercycle in device sales, but also create new opportunities for apps and digital advertising,” says Neil Shah of Counterpoint, a research firm. “But for the moment, edge devices are barely ready for basic functions, let alone Glowtime.” 1. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The Glowtime event. B. iPhone 16’s AI features. C. Tim Cook’s performance. D. The future of AI phones. 2. Why are Samsung and Microsoft mentioned in the text? A. To tell readers how bad competition can be. B. To warn Apple of the potential consequences. C. To compare their newly released edge devices. D. To show how hard it is to apply AI to edge devices. 3. What is the problem with cloud-based AI models? A. OpenAI charges too much money. B. All of them have to be trained on GPUs. C. It is too expensive to train and run them. D. They can only deal with the easiest tasks. 4. What does Neil Shah most probably imply? A. iPhone 16 is bound to disappoint its users. B. AI phones’ success will depend on new apps. C. Sales of AI phones will increase greatly soon. D. Tim Cook was not honest with the AI features. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了iPhone 16存在的技术问题。 1. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“When Cook pointed the camera at a restaurant, the AI assistant Siri could tell him what was on the menu. It also could answer his questions fairly well and learn about the users from their interactions with their devices. For instance, Siri could know if a user’s mother was calling and acted appropriately.(当库克将摄像头对准一家餐厅时，人工智能助手Siri可以告诉他菜单上有什么。它还可以很好地回答他的问题，并从用户与设备的互动中了解用户。例如，Siri可以知道用户的母亲是否在打电话，并做出适当的反应)”可知，本段主要介绍了iPhone已经具备的AI功能。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Samsung, Apple’s major competitor, launched its Galaxy S24 with some AI features earlier this year. So did Microsoft, which has launched Windows PCs designed for AI. But their efforts have shown that it is not easy to shift cloud-based AI models to the edge devices.(今年早些时候，苹果的主要竞争对手三星推出了带有一些人工智能功能的Galaxy S24。微软（Microsoft）也是如此，它推出了专为人工智能设计的Windows PCs。但它们的努力表明，将基于云的人工智能模型转移到边缘设备并不容易)”可知，文章提及三星和微软是为了展示将人工智能应用于边缘设备有多么困难。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“All these can cost hundreds of millions of dollars. Even once they are trained, running these AI models is costly.(所有这些都可能耗资数亿美元。即使训练有素，运行这些人工智能模型也是昂贵的)”可知，培训和运行基于云的人工智能模型价格昂贵，这是一个问题。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But for the moment, edge devices are barely ready for basic functions, let alone Glowtime.(但就目前而言，边缘设备的基本功能还不完善，更不用说Glowtime了)”及第一段“On September 9, 2024, Apple released its latest iPhone 16 series at an event called “It’s Glowtime”. At the event, Tim Cook, the company’s CEO, played up the promise of the phones’ AI features in a pre- recorded video.(2024年9月9日，苹果在名为“It 's Glowtime”的活动上发布了最新的iPhone 16系列。在发布会上，苹果首席执行官蒂姆•库克（Tim Cook）在一段预先录制的视频中强调了这款手机的人工智能功能)”可知，Neil Shah认为苹果16的人工智能技术还不完善，所以苹果16用户会失望。故选A。 试卷第44页，共45页 26 / 26 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$