Unit 4 Journey across a vast land Discover useful structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit 4 Journey across a Vast Land Discover useful structures 过去分词和动词-ing形式 作表语和状语 语态及用法 主动 被动 用法 动词-ing形式 一般式 完成式 一般式 完成式 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 doing having done being done having been done √ √ √ √ √ √ 过去分词 done     √ √ √ √ 1. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的差异 I was surprised at the news.(系表) I was brought up by my aunt.(被动) 被动语态表示动作,强调被动关系, 绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者可以由by引出。作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,相当于形容词的作用这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite、very、rather等修饰词。 一、动词过去分词done作表语 用法归纳 He is terrifying.(指他令人害怕) He is terrified.(指他感到害怕) Please describe a dog that is frightened.(狗受到了惊吓) Please describe a dog that is frightening.(狗是令人害怕的) 当表示主语处于某种状态,即“感到/觉得……”时,表语要使用过去分词; 而要表示主语具有“令人/使别人感到……”的特征/性质时,表语使用现在分词 2.过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别 用法归纳 2.过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别 含有情感意义的成对分词列表 interesting 使人感到高兴  interested感到高兴的 exciting excited delighting令人高兴的 delighted disappointing disappointed  encouraging encouraged pleasing pleased puzzling puzzled  satisfying satisfied 即时训练1 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①We were___________ at the result of the experiment,because it was a bit too _______________. (disappoint) ②The news was __________ and they were all __________ at it.(excite) ③We all felt_____________ atthe _____________ news.(encourage) ④The audience were all________ to tears by the __________ film.(move) disappointed disappointing exciting excited encouraged encouraging moved moving Past participle -ed Present participle -ing 做表语 表示人或物的心情或状态等，意为：________ 表示人或物自身特征，意为：__________ 作状语 与逻辑主语之间是______ ______，往往表示完成 与逻辑主语之间是________，往往表示动作正在进行 Summarize 感到…… 令人…… 被动 主动关系 关系 1.过去分词(短语)作状语 Seen from the top of the hill,the school looks like a big garden. Given more attention, the fire could have been avoided. Encouraged by the teacher, the girl was very happy. Left alone at home,Jenny didn’t feel afraid at all. 二、动词过去分词done作状语 用法归纳 过去分词作状语时,其表示的动作与句子的主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系。过去分词在句中可以作时间状语 、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、伴随状语或方式状语。 Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful. (our city与see之间是被动关系) Seeing it from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful. (we与see之间是主动关系) 2.过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别 分词在句子中作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用哪种分词,取决于分词表示的动作与句子主语之间的关系: 被动关系用过去分词, 主动关系用现在分词。 用法归纳 done作状语 Attention ▪ Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. (Para. 2) ▪ Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken. (Para. 2) 状语 状语 主语 被动关系 群山和森林作为“物”是“被看到”的 主语 主动关系 they 指“人”，人是动作“看” 的主体 即时训练2 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①__________ (find)the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. ②Time, _________ (use)correctly,is money in the bank. ③__________ (use)the book,I find it useful. ④____________ (hear)the joke,I couldn't help laughing. Finding used Using Hearing 3.过去分词（短语）作状语的用法 过去分词（短语）作状语的用法过去分词（短语）作状语，一般在句子中表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式、伴随和结果，相当于个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与其逻辑主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 1.作时间状语 相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when,while,until”等，使其时间意义更明确 Seen from the top of the hill,the town looks more beautiful. =When it is seen from the top of the hill,the town looks more beautiful. 从山顶往下看，这座城镇看起来更加漂亮。 2.作原因状语 相当于原因状语从句或并列结构。 Deeply moved by the story,the children began to cry. =Because they were deeply moved by the story,the children began to cry. 由于被故事深深地感动，孩子们开始哭了起来。 3.作条件状语 相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if，unless等转换成条件状语从句。 Given more time,we could do it much better. =If we were given more time,we could do it much better. 多给我们，点时间，我们会做得更好 4.作让步状语 相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although，though,even if,even though, whether or 等连词转换成让步状语从句。 Defeated by his opponent,he never gave up any hope. =Although he was defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope. 尽管被对手击败，但是他从来没放弃希望。 5.作方式和伴随状语 相当于and连接的并列结构。 The president of the company cmetoth factory,followed by some workers. =The president of the company came toth factoryand he was followed bysome orker 公司总经理在几位工人的陪同下来到工厂。 【应用实践】 (1)_______ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art. A. Founding B. Founded C. Found D. It was founded (2) When _____ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A. asking B. he asking C. asked D. he asked (3) ______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. A. Used B. Using C. It is used D. It is using √ √ √ 过去分词（短语）作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。 Told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly. 得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。 The old man walked into the room,supported by his son. 老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 4.过去分词（短语）作状语时在句中的位置 Given a chance, we can surprise the world. There being no bus, we had to walk home. (2)过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致(动词-ing形式作状语同样如此)，否则需加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。 温馨提示 (1)过去分词作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带有连词，如: when, while, if, though, as if, unless, until等，以使句意表达得更清楚。 Unless constantly repeated, the English words are easily forgotten. 逻辑主语与句子主语一致 逻辑主语与句子主语不一致 这些英语单词很容易被忘记，除非不断重复(记忆)。 若给我们一个机会，我们会让世人惊奇。 没有公交车，我们不得不走着回家。 There is a nice picture _________(hang) on the wall. 1.过去分词作定语(与现在分词的比较) 三、动词过去分词done作定语 过去分词作定语时,其表示的动作与被修饰词之间一般为被动关系,而 现在分词作定语时,其表示的动作与被修饰词之间为主动关系。 用法归纳 hanging 2.过去分词作定语(与现在分词的比较) done作定语 单个的分词作定语时,形容表情或者是人的感受用过去分词;形容事/物用 现在分词。 用法归纳 His excited expression suggested that he had got exciting marks. Practice and Apply (1) 即学即练 P41 Practice and Apply (1) see frighten head amaze The girls were ___________ to see such an open country. 即学即练 amazed 修饰 感到惊讶的 姑娘们看到如此广袤的国家甚为惊讶。 这些农场面积之大令人惊讶。 The farm covered a very large area, which was __________. amazing 修饰 令人惊讶的 表语 Practice and Apply (1) see frighten head amaze 2. Going into the wilderness alone can be ___________. 即学即练 frightening 修饰 独自一人进入荒野令人害怕。 你一个人进入荒野感到害怕吗？ Do you feel ________ when going into the wilderness alone? frightened 修饰 令人害怕的 表语 感到害怕的 Practice and Apply (1) see frighten head amaze _______ from the top of the mountain, the scenery was really fascinating. 即学即练 Seen 景色被人从山顶上看到 从山顶往下望，景色令人着迷。 我在山顶看风景，被秋天绚烂的色彩深深吸引。 _______ the scenery from the top of the mountain, I was fascinated by the autumn colours. Seeing 人从山顶看风景 状语 被动关系 主语 主语 主动关系 Practice and Apply (1) 即学即练 ________ eastwards, you will pass the Canadian Rockies. Finally, the company — _______ by its new manager — stared to make a profit. Heading see frighten head amaze Headed 主动关系 被动关系 状语 往东，你会经过加拿大落基山脉。 最终，在新经理的带领下，公司开始盈利。 Practice and Apply (2) 即学即练 excite satisfy tire bore P41 24 Practice and Apply (2) 即学即练 bore excite tire satisfy 1. We became ________ when thinking about those beautiful locations in Finland. We expected to experience a lot of _______ things there. 想到芬兰那些美丽的地方我们激动起来。我们期待在那里检验很多令人激动的事情。 excited exciting 感到激动的 令人激动的 做表语 做定语 Practice and Apply (2) 即学即练 bore excite tire satisfy 2. We went to bed as soon as we arrived at the hotel because we were so _______. The eight – hour train ride was quite ________. 由于疲乏，我们一到宾馆就上床休息了。长达八个小时的火车行程令人疲惫不堪。 tired tiring 感到累的 令人疲倦的 做表语 做表语 Practice and Apply (2) 即学即练 bore excite tire satisfy 3. I was not _________ with the hotel. It was not as clean as I expected. But we had a ________ meal at the hotel’s restaurant, so I felt a bit better later on. 我对这家宾馆不满意，它的卫生状况没有达到我的预期。不过我们在宾馆餐厅吃的那顿饭令人满意，因此后来我感觉好一些了。 satisfied satisfying 感到满意的 做表语 令人满意的 做定语 Practice and Apply (2) 即学即练 bore excite tire satisfy 4. It was raining hard the next day, so we just stayed in the hotel and watch TV. Sadly, the TV programmes that day were _______. As we had nothing else to do, we felt pretty _______. 第二天下起了大雨，因此我们只是带在宾馆看电视。不幸的是，当天的电视节目索然无趣。我们无所事事，感觉百无聊赖。 令人厌烦的 做表语 boring bored 感到厌烦的 做表语 动词过去分词和现在分词作表语以及被动语态的用法 1. When he heard the 　　　　　　story, he was deeply 　 　　 .(move)  2. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and 　 　　　　　(disappoint).  3.The girls were to see such an open country.(amaze) 4. We all felt　　 　　at the 　　 　　　news. (encourage)  5. 　　　　　(impress) by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time.  6. The news was 　　　　　　and they were all 　　　　　　at it. (excite) 7.The audience were all________ to tears by the __________ film.(move) 8..One of the windows is _________(broke). 9.. He looked ________ (puzzle) so I repeated the question. 10.She was _________ (surprise) to find the fridge empty. moving moved　 disappointed　 encouraged encouraging　 Impressed exciting excited　 基础练习（4.12作业） broken puzzled surprised moved moving amazed 1. ___________ (hear) the news, she burst into tears.  2. _________ (write) in a hurry, this article was not so good． 3. _______ (see) from the hill, the city is beautiful. 4. Tsinghua University, _______(found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. Hearing Seen founded Written 5. __________ (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. 6. Time, _______ (use) correctly, is money in the bank. 7. ________ (use) the book, I find it useful. 8. _________ (hear) the joke, I couldn't help laughing. 9.　　　　　　(design) very cleverly to fit into corners, the shelf doesn’ t take up much room. 10.When first 　　　　　　(introduce) to the market, these new products in their company enjoyed a great success.  Finding used Using Hearing Designed introduced　 【practice】 1. If we ______________(give) more time, we could have done the job much better. 2. _______(give) more time, we could have done the job much better. 3. If _______(give) more time, we could have done the job much better. 4. If more time ____________(give), we could have done the job much better. 5. More time ______(give), we could have done the job much better. done作状语 were given were given Given given given 练 Thanks for listening! $$