专题1名词-【指南针·中考1对1】2025年中考英语初中学业水平考试指导（人教版）

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Praimt wur hcod with r hrls iro tilrr Irin tottire nt_rf二 1.C12D1D14.B1511.C __r. __ 1.12.33C1A5.B6C78C..C11A 17.} 1r 19.-h 2ōdr 1.1112.B 13A14.8 15.0 21 2第二版块 语法专题指南 第二版块 语法与题指南 高分保障 专题一 名词 专有名词 (名词的分类】 普通名词 ',所有格 规则变化 __--. of所有格 可数名词 名词。 不规则变化 #(名词所有格 ) 双重所有格 类别 (.不可数名词 不可数名词的量化 知识梳理 一、名词的分类 类别 意义 示例 专有名词 Tom,China,Beijing, Monday. 表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词 April, the Great Wall 个体名词 表示个体的人、事物的词 可数 book,city,teacher, dog,bike 名词 集体名词 表示一群人、一些事物的词 class, police, family, team 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的物质、材料、食品、饮料等名 不可数 称的词 paper,bread,light, sand,air 名词 抽象名词 表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词 love,truth,health,danger 二、名词的数 (一)可数名词 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数可数名词可与不定冠词a/an连用 1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 情况 构成方法 示例 一般情况 加s bank→banks,law→laws 以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词 加es bus→buses,box→boxes,wish→wishes,watch→watches 以“辅音字母十y”结尾的词 变y为i.再加es baby→babies,city→cities 有生命的加es tomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoes,hero→heroes 以“辅音字母十o”结尾的词 无生命的加s photo→photos,piano→pianos,radio→radios,kilo→kilos 变f,fe为v,再加es leaf→leaves,knife→knives 以f,fe结尾的词 f结尾的名词直接加s roof→roofs, chief→chiefs, serf→serfs,belief→beliefs .61. 一对一初中学业水平考试指导·英语RJ 2. 可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化 情况 构成方法 示例 变a为e man→men,woman→women 变内部元音 特例:German→Germans,human→humans 变oo为ee 字母或字母 foot→feet,tooth→teeth,goose→geese 特例:boot→boots 组合 其他 mouse→mice 单复数同形 sheep→sheep,deer→deer,Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese 词尾加ren child→children 注意: man和woman作定语时,其本身的单复数形式要与被修饰词的单复数一致。如 a man teacher→men teachers,a woman cook→women cooks (二)不可数名词 不可数名词,即不能用数字来进行计算的名词,可分为:物质名词和抽象名词 1.常见的不可数名词 类别 示例 饮料,液体 water,milk,juice,coffee,tea,coke,wine 食物 food,fruit,meat,beef,fish(鱼肉),mutton,pork,rice,sugar,porridge,bread,salt 语言 Chinese,English,Japanese,French,German,Russian 材料 paper,glass,cotton,silk, wool, wood, plastic.metal 情感 love,anger,fear,fun,courage 其他 work,homework,housework,time, news,music,money,help,love,information,medicine. knowledge,advice, rubbish, weather, rain, snow,ice, wind,cloud, sunshine,hair 2.英语中部分名词既是可数名词,又是不可数名词,但意义有所不同 名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数 work 著作 作品 小鸡 chicken 鸡肉 wood 头 树林,林地 经历 experience 经验 报纸,试卷 exercise paper 习题 锻炼,运动 空间 房间 light room 光 time 次数,倍数 时间 glass 玻璃杯,眼镜 玻璃 3.不可数名词量化的方法 情况 方法 示例 具体的量 数词/冠词+量词+of十不可数名词 a piece of paper一张纸,three kilos of rice三千克大来 大概的量 表示量的限定词(some,much,a little,a some water 一些水,a lot of money许多钱 lotof等)+不可数名词 (三)可数名词与不可数名词的修饰语 情况 示例 few几乎没有,afew少许,several几个,many很多,acoupleof两个, 只修饰可数名词 a number of 若千,a great/large number of 许多 只修饰不可数名词 little很少/几乎没有,alittle有一点儿,much很多, a good/great deal of很多,a bit of有一点儿,a large amount of大量的 既可修饰可数名词又 some一些,a lot of很多,lots of很多,plenty of充足的,enough足够的. 可修饰不可数名词 most大多数的,hardly any几乎没有,the rest of剩下的 .62) 第二版块 语法专题指南 三、名词所有格 类别 构成方法 示例 单数名词 加s Mary's chair,Alice's family 加's 不以s结尾的复数名词 Children's Day,men's T-shirts 加 有生命的名词 以s结尾的复数名词 Teachers'Day,girls' skirts 共同所有 A and B's Lucy and Lilv's mother 分别所有 A's and B's Tom's and Jim's rooms 无生命的名词 单数、复数名词 用of短语 a map of China, two pictures of my classroom of十名词's所有格, a friend of my father's. 其他名词 双重所有格 of十名词性物主代词 a photo of hers 注意: ①“'s”结构还可以用于表示时间、距离、国家等的名词(单数加s,复数加)。如; an hour's walk,two days' work ②如果s所有格后面的名词是商店、住宅、医院等地点时,后面的名词常常省略。如; at the doctor's在诊所,to myuncle's到我叔叔家 易错易混 1.混淆可数名词的变形 (1)During a meal in the West, people use (knife)and forks most of the time. (2)Three-fifths of the teachers in our school are A. man teachers B. men teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher 2.误用名词所有格 (1)-Do you buy your teachers presents on Day? -Yes. And we get small presents from our teachers on Day. A. Teachers':Children's B. Teachers':Childrens C. Teacher's:Childrens' D. Teachers';Children' (2)It's less than three (hour) flight from Xi'an to Lhasa. 中考链接 考点① 名词词义辩析 ,I love spring 1.(2024·临夏州)Ofallthe 2.(2o23·自贡)-What's your favorite ? best because it is a symbol of life. -Apples. An apple a day keeps the doctor B. subjects A. seasons away. C. colors A. fruit B. drink D. hobbies C.job .63 一对一初中学业水平考试指导·英语RJ 3.(2o23·遂宁)-Which movie would you like 考 点②名词的数 to watch,Tracy? 14. (2o23·乐山)Thanks to the efforts,more and -Um. it's hard to make a more (鸟) came to the nation's A. survey B. choice wetlands in winter. C.call D. wish 15.(2023乐山) (规则)on the popular 4.(2o23·雅安)Nancy,please take your game have come out to protect minors(未成 with you to school. It's raining heavily. 年人). A. cup B. watch 16.(2o23·宜宾)Our government made some C. umbrella D. dictionary (法律) to care about the left 5.(2024·乐山) Today,many young Chinese behind kids. people have a big (梦想)and are 17.(2024·雅安)Yuan Longping is one of our serving the country in many ways. national (英雄). We admire hin 6.(2o24·乐山)When you use a (地 very much. 图) on your phone, you will find it is often 18.(2o24·广安)Boysandgirls,you'dbetter from the Beidou Navigation Satellite System take off your (夹克).It'shot or (北斗卫星导航系统) the train. 7. (2o24·扬州)They didn't go to their niece's 19.(2024·宜宾)Please tell me thet fifth birthday party last (七月). Don't lie to me again. 8.(20o24·乐山) The players of the school 20.(2o24·眉山)-Tom! Please brush your football team spend two hours in training carefully twice a day! every (星期五). 考 点③名词所有格 9.(2o24·眉山)When you make a banana mill 21.(2024·西藏) father works in the shake, you can use a k to cut up police station. the bananas. A. Eric and Helen's 10.(2024·自贡)January is the first m B. Eric and Helen of a year. C. Eric's and Helen 11.(2023·内江)Whichs do you 22.(2024·凉山州)It'sonlyfive prefer, spring or summer? (minute) walk from here, so you needn't 12.(2023·宜宾)Climbing mountains is a good take a bus. way to get close to n o0000000.0. to talk 13.(2023·达州)It'sbadm 请完成“精练册”中P65的对应练习 ....................... with your mouth full. .64.