内容正文:
第二部分 语法专项复习
词法篇专题六 介词和冠词
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1. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with ___ touch of
sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
a
[解析] 考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点甜味,包裹肉馅的
汤应该是热的、清澈的、美味的。固定搭配a touch of意为
“一点点,稍许”,故填a。
真题演练
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2. (2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing
society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility____
saving their environment.
for
[解析] 考查介词。句意:她警告社会面临的环境危险,并教导人们必
须承担起保护环境的责任。固定搭配take responsibility for意为
“对……负责”,故填for。
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3. (2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)Giant pandas also serve ____ an umbrella
species, bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the
southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
as
[解析] 考查介词。serve as意为“充当”。
4. (2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4,700 kilometers ______ Xi'an to
Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
from
[解析] 考查介词。根据Xi'an to Kashgar 可知,此处表示“从西安飞往
喀什”,应用介词from,固定搭配from...to...表示“从……到……”。
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5. (2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering an area about three times ____
size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first
national parks in the country.
the
[解析] 考查冠词。此处为倍数表达法,结构为“倍数+the+名词+of”。
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考点1 介词
介词一般置于名词之前,故又称前置词。介词一般不重读,也不
能单独充当句子成分。
必备知识
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at 表示在某一具体时间或
时刻 at 9:00在9点
at night在晚上
on 表示特定的时间或具体
某一天的上午、下午或
晚上 on 29 September, 1988 在1998年9
月29日
on Monday morning在星期一早上
一、表示时间的介词
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in 表示在某段较长的时间
内 in January在一月
in the morning在早上
后接时间段,常用于一
般将来时 Mr. Chen will be back in a week.
陈先生会在一周后回来。
during 在……期间 during the day
续表
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over 在……期间 Over the next few days, they got to
know the town well.在接下来的几天
里,他们很好地了解了这个小镇。
after 后接时间段,常用于过
去时态 After an hour I went home.一小时
之后我回家了。
后接时间点,可用于过
去时态或将来时态 My father will be back after 5
o'clock.我父亲将在五点后回来。
续表
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by 在……之前;不迟于…… I will finish my homework by 5
o'clock.我会在五点前完成作业。
since 后接时间点,意为
“从……以来;自……以
后” She's been off work since Tuesday.
星期二以来她一直没上班。
for 后接时间段,意为
“达,计” I'm going away for a few days. 我
要离开几天。
续表
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until/til
l 直到……为止 We're open till/until 6 o'clock.
我们营业到6点钟。
before 在……之前 Leave your keys at reception before
departure.离开前请把钥匙留在服务
台。
续表
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1.at、in
at 后常接相对较小的地方 at the park在公园
in 后常接相对较大的地方 in China在中国
二、表示地点的介词
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in 表示在某范围之内 Leave the key in the lock. 把钥匙留在锁
孔里。
on 表示毗邻、接壤 Mongolia lies on the north of China.蒙古
在中国北边。
to 表示在某范围之外
(不相邻) Jiangsu lies to the east of Sichuan.江苏在
四川以东。
2.in、on、to
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between 表示在两者之间,
常与and连用 I sat down between Sue and Jane.
我在休和简中间坐了下来。
用于两者以上时强
调两两之间 There's a lot of bad feeling between
them.他们互怀敌意。
among 在三者或三者以上
之间 They divided the money up among
the children. 他们把钱分给了孩子
们。
3.between、among
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above 表示位置高于或在……上,
不接触、不垂直(反义词:
below) We were flying above the
clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。
over 强调位于某物正上方或覆盖
在某物之上(反义词:
under) There was a lamp hanging
over the table. 桌子上方吊着
一盏灯。
on 强调接触或构成某个表面的
一部分(反义词:beneath) She lay down on the bed.
她躺在了床上。
4.above、over、on
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across 从……的表面穿过;
在……对面 walk across the square穿过广场
through 从……的内部穿过 The sunlight came in through the
windows in the roof and lit up the
whole room.阳光透过天窗照了进来,
照亮了整个房间。
over 从……的上面跨过 The dog jumped over some bushes
and saw the little stream.
那条狗跳过几丛灌木看到了小溪。
5.across、through、over
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by 侧重使用某种方法、手段或
乘坐某种交通工具 by air/land/sea 坐飞机/由陆路/由
海路
pay by cheque 用支票付款
by boat/bus/car/plane 乘船/公共
汽车/轿车/飞机
三、表示方式的介词
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in 指使用某种语言、笔墨等 in French 用法语
on 可用于表示信息传递的名词
前 listen to the news on the radio
听收音机播送的新闻
with 多指用具体的工具、身体的
某部位或器官 with chopsticks 用筷子
续表
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四、表示原因的介词(短语)
表示原因的介词(短语)有for、because of、due to、thanks to、
owing to、on account of、as a result of等,介词(短语)及其宾语在
句中作状语。其中due to、 owing to、because of及其宾语也可在句中
作表语。thanks to 表示“幸亏,由于”,多位于句首。
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(外研选必一 Unit 1)I chose this career because of my experience
of going to hospital when I was a kid.我之所以选择这个职业,是因
为我自己小时候去医院的经历。
The open-air celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.
因为天气不好,这次户外庆典已经被推迟了。
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besides 表示“除……之外
(还)”, 相当于in
addition to,包括后面
提到的人或物 (人教选必二 Unit 1)Besides being
brilliant, he was brave, though
sometimes careless in what he said or
did.除了才华横溢之外,他还是一个勇
敢的人,尽管有时候言行比较随意。
except 表示“除……之外
(别无)”,不包括后
面提到的人或物 We work every day except Sunday.
我们除星期天外每天都工作。
五、表示“除……之外”的介词(短语)
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but 表示“除……之外”
(=except),常与不
定代词连用 Everyone was there but him. 除他之
外,大家都在。
apartfr
om 表示包含,相当于
besides;表示排除,
相当于except for Apart from good service, the
restaurant offers different kinds of
traditional Fujian dishes.除优质的服务
外,这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福
建菜。
续表
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exceptfor 表示“除……之外”,排除的
部分与前面的内容往往不属
于同一类,适用于强调特定
的排除项 Your coat is good except
for its color.
你的外套除了颜色之外很不
错。
otherthan 表示“除……之外
(别无)”,一般用于否定句 I had no social life or
interests other than skating.
除了滑冰,我没有其他的社
交生活和兴趣。
续表
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against 违背,反对;倚
靠;以……为
背景,衬托 Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back
against a big tree.
吉姆累了, 背靠着一棵大树睡熟了。
beyond (范围、限
度)超出,
为……所不
能及 The exercise was beyond the abilities of
most of the class.
这个练习超出了班上大多数学生的能力。
六、其他常考介词
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by 程度或增减
的幅度;按照 House prices went up by 10%.房价上涨了
10%。
despite 尽管 (人教选必一 Unit 1)But despite his
peculiarities, he was loved by his friends
and neighbours.尽管他性格古怪,他也受到
了朋友和邻居的喜爱。
续表
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for 为了;(表示对象或
用途等)给;因为;
就……而言;赞成,支
持;换取 Are you for or against the proposal?
你支持还是反对这个建议?
with 和……在一起;和,跟;
具有,带有;
(表示伴随)随着 On the other hand, new technology has
provided people everywhere with many
benefits over the years.另一方面,新技
术多年来为各地的人们提供了许多好
处。
续表
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of 属于;关于;出身于
(某背景);住在
(某地) Can't you throw out that old bike of
Tommy's?
难道你就不能把汤米那辆旧自行车扔掉
吗?
within 在(规定的范围或限
度)之内 (人教必修二Unit 1)The group asked
for contributions from different
departments and raised funds within the
international community.该委员会要求各
部门予以支持,并在国际社会范围内筹
集资金。
续表
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witho
ut 没有 (人教必修一Welcome Unit)You'll
never see me without a book or a pen.
无论什么时候,你都会看到我拿着书或
握着笔。
off 从……落下;
(时空上)离,距;
(表示方向)偏离;
离开 She drove so fast at the turn that the
car almost went off the road.她在转弯处
开得如此快,以至于车差点偏离公路。
续表
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考点2 冠词
冠词是虚词,在句子中一般不重读,本身不能独立使用,只能与
名词放在一起(一般用于名词之前),帮助说明名词所指的人或事物,
可分为不定冠词(a、 an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词。
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基本
用法 用在第一次提到或出现
的可数名词单数前,泛
指某一类人或物中的任
何一个 At that time, I was working in a
factory.
那时,我在一家工厂工作。
用于可数名词单数前,
泛指一类人或事物,或
者指同类中的“一个” Undoubtedly, a teacher must love his
students.
毫无疑问,教师必须爱他的学生。
一、不定冠词
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基本
用法 表示数量“一”,但不强调
数量概念,或者表示
“任何一个” Dario suggested that they write a
letter to their neighbors.
Dario建议他们给邻居们写一封信。
用在表示人名的专有名
词前,表示“一个叫……
的人” “一个类似……
的人” Brian is gifted in writing music; he
is very likely to be a
Beethoven.Brian在作曲方面有才华,他
很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的
人。
续表
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基本
用法 用于序数词前,表示
“又一,再一” After all, you never get a second
chance to make a first impression.毕
竟,你绝不可能再有一个机会给人留下
第一印象。
续表
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基本
用法 不定冠词可以用于某些具体
化的抽象名词前,常考的具体
化的抽象名词有success、
failure、surprise、pleasure、
beauty、pity、danger、
comfort、honor等 Being able to afford a drink
would be a comfort in those
tough times.
在那些艰苦的时期,能够买得起
一杯饮料是一件令人感到欣慰的
事。
续表
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基本
用法 有些不可数名词,如
knowledge、understanding等
后面加of...时,前面需用不定冠
词a/an。have a good
knowledge of...
“精通……”;have a clear
understanding of...
“清楚地了解……” If you don't have a good
knowledge of English, it's out
of the question for you to use
it flexibly and fluently.
如果你不精通英语的话,灵活且
流利地运用它对于你来说是不
可能的。
续表
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固定
搭配 all of a sudden 突然地;as a matter of fact 事实上;at a loss
不知所措,困惑;pay a visit to 参观,拜访;be/go on a diet 节
食;give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车;have a gift for 有……天
赋;have a word with 与……谈话;make a fool of 愚弄;in a
hurry 匆忙地;in a way 在某种程度上;keep an eye on 留意,留
神;make a living 谋生;once in a while 偶尔;as a
result/consequence 因此,结果
续表
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基本
用法 用于前面已提及或
谈话双方都知道的
人或物前,表特指 Take your time—it's just a short distance
from here to the restaurant.
不要着急,从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一
段距离。
用在被短语或从句
修饰的名词前,表
特指 I just heard the bank where Dora works
was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.
我刚听说Dora工作的那家银行遭到了一名
戴面具的持枪歹徒抢劫。
二、定冠词
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基本
用法 用在表示姓氏的名词复数
之前,表示一家人或夫妻俩,
或用于可数名词单数、某
些形容词或分词前,表示一
类人或物 The Smiths have moved to
London.
史密斯一家已搬到了伦敦。
The young should respect the
elderly.
年轻人应该尊敬老年人。
用于表示朝代、年代的词
前,表示“在……朝代/年代” Poetry was popular in the Tang
Dynasty.
诗歌在唐代十分盛行。
续表
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基本
用法 用在形容词或副词的最高
级或序数词前或由only、
very、same等修饰的名词
前面 China is the biggest developing
country in the world.
中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
续表
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基本
用法 用于“by+the+表示计量
单位的名词
(day/hour/dozen等)”结
构中,表示
“按……计算”。但size、
weight这类名词跟by连用
时不加定冠词 —It's said that John will be in a
job paying over $60,000 a year.
——据说,约翰将获得一份年薪超过6
万美元的工作。
—Right, he will also get paid by
the week.
——是的,他的工资将按周支付。
续表
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基本
用法 用于“动词(hit、strike、
pull、take等)+sb.+介词
+the+表示身体部位的名
词”结构中,其中the不可
以用形容词性物主代词
代替 hit sb. on the head 打某人的头
strike sb. on the back打某人的背
pull/take sb. by the hand拉/抓住某
人的手
续表
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基本
用法 the与表乐器的名词连用 As far as I know,he likes playing
the piano.
据我所知,他喜欢弹钢琴。
用于“the+比较级...,
the+比较级...
(越……,就越……)”结
构中 The more careful you are, the
fewer mistakes you will make.
你越小心,你犯的错误就越少。
续表
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固定
搭配 at the moment 此刻,目前; by the way 顺便说一下; in the
way 阻碍,挡路;all the way 一直,一路上; in the distance 在
远处; make the most/best of 充分利用; not in the least 一点
也不; on the contrary 与此相反; on the other hand 另一方
面;the other day 几天前; to the point 中肯,切题; take the
place of 代替; for the time being 暂时
续表
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基本
用法 复数名词、不可数名词、抽象
名词或物质名词表泛指时,其前
不加冠词 Anger seems simple when
we are feeling it, but the
causes of anger are various.
当我们感到愤怒时,愤怒似乎
很简单,但愤怒的原因却多种
多样。
三、零冠词
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基本
用法 名词前已有this、that、my、
your、some、each、no、any 等
指示代词、物主代词、不定代
词等限定词作定语时不用冠词 Fire extinguishers are located
on each floor in each
apartment.
每个公寓的每个楼层都有灭
火器。
续表
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基本
用法 表示独一无二的职位、头
衔的名词作表语、同位语
或补语时,其前通常用零冠
词 Peter Spence, headmaster of the
school, delivered a speech
yesterday.这所学校的校长Peter
Spence昨天发表了演讲。
用于表示无特指意义的季
节、月份、日期、星期和
三餐的名词及球类、棋类
和学科名词前 Of all the subjects, I like history
best.
在所有科目中,我最喜欢历史。
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基本
用法 as/though引导的让步状语从
句中,被前置作表语的名词
前不用冠词 Good choice as/though it may be,
he has decided to give it up.
尽管它可能是一个不错的选择,但他
还是决定放弃。
续表
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固定
搭配 at dawn/dusk/night/noon在黎明/黄昏/夜晚/中午; on/catch fire 着
火; by mistake 错误地; by chance/accident 碰巧; in history 在
历史上; under repair在维修中; hand in hand 手拉手; do harm
to 对……有害; on purpose 故意地; in place 在正确位置; in
danger 处于危险中; make room for为……腾出空间; in return
作为回报; at present目前; ahead of time提前; in advance提前;
lose heart泄气; out of control失控
续表
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技巧点拨
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典例1 When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it
was ___ joke.
a
思路点拨 考查冠词。 此处表示“我们以为那是一个玩笑”。 joke为可
数名词单数,在此处表示泛指,且joke的发音以辅音音素开头, 故填a。
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典例2 Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla that begins
screaming at ____ top of her voice.
the
思路点拨 考查固定搭配。句意:出乎意料的是,我和那只大猩猩面对面,
它开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。at the top of one's voice高声地;扯着喉咙地。
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分层特训
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. (2023·全国乙卷改编)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow
hutong ___ royal palaces, Beijing is home to more than 3,000 years
of glorious history.
to
[解析] 考查介词。from...to...表示“从……到……”,故填to。
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2. (2023·浙江1月卷)In contrast to the court life and upper-class
culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the
Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect ____ culture of grassroots
Beijingers.
the
[解析] 考查冠词。句意:与紫禁城、颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活
和上流社会文化相比,胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名
词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知,此处culture表示
特指,应用定冠词修饰,故填the。
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3. (2022·全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International
Tea Day, which was named officially ____ the United Nations on
November 27th, 2019.
by
[解析] 考查介词。此处表达“被联合国命名”。表示被动,应用
“be named by”结构。故填by。
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4. (2021·全国乙卷)Due to the growing popularity of
environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___ trips
are now being classified as ecotourism.
of
[解析] 考查介词。various types of 为固定结构,表示
“各种类型的……”,所以空格处应填of。
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5. (2021·浙江6月卷)In 1844 they bought it ____$1,200 and some
land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage ceremony in
1842.
for
[解析] 考查介词。“buy sth. for+金额”意为“用多少钱买某物”。故填for。
6. (2021·全国乙卷)It was not widely accepted as a travel concept
______ the late 1980s.
until
[解析] 考查介词。空前有not,再结合语境可知,此处与not一起构成
not...until...,意为“直到……才……”。
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7. (2021·全国甲卷)It was built originally to protect the city ___
the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).
in
[解析] 考查介词。表示在某个朝代要用介词in。
8. Life is like ____ ocean; only the strong-willed can reach the other
shore.
an
[解析] 考查冠词。句意:生活就像一片海洋,只有那些意志坚强的人
才能到达彼岸。此处表示泛指,意为“一片”,应用不定冠词,ocean的
发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
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9. And you'll sound like ___ native speaker in no time!
a
[解析] 考查冠词。名词speaker为可数名词,此处表示泛指且形容词
native的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
10. It seems only fair that they should give us something ___ return.
in
[解析] 考查介词。句意:似乎他们应该给我们点什么作为回报才像话。
in return意为“作为回报”,为固定搭配。故填in。
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A
(2023·海南高考全真模拟八改编)
By drawing on the surface of a cup of tea, chabaixi, 1.____
ancient Chinese tea trick has become popular. However, 10 years ago,
this typical technique was close to 2._____________(disappear)
completely.
“It in fact requires dozens of processes, and they are not easy
3.____________(complete),”Zhang Zhifeng, a performer of
chabaixi, said.
an
disappearing
to complete
Ⅱ.语法填空
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As a special art form in China, which had once been as normal
4.____ drawing and playing instruments, chabaixi can create endless
patterns such as bamboos and mountains or even calligraphy such as
autographs and short proverbs.
“It is totally different 5.______ making latte(拿铁咖啡) because
we use clear water as the object to inject into the cup instead of
milk. But when the water touches the surface of stirred tea, it turns
6._____ a white color and disappears in 20 minutes,” Zhang explained.
as
from
into
This technique 7.___________(list) as part of China's
Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2017, after it was recovered by
Zhang.“This technique is the key 8.___ tea culture from the Song
Dynasty, and it would be such 9.___ shame to let it fade. It is also
necessary that this technique be passed on to the next generations so
they can have 10.___ better understanding of the history behind it,”
Zhang added.
to
a
a
was listed
an
[解析] 考查冠词。句意:在一杯茶的表面作画,即茶百戏,一种中国
古代茶艺已经流行起来。此处表示泛指,意为“一种”,应用不定冠词。
ancient的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
2. _____________
disappearing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。be close to几乎;接近,其中to为介词,后面
接动名词作宾语,故填disappearing。
1. ____
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to complete
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为固定句型“主语+be+ adj.+动词不定式”,
其中不定式用主动形式表达被动意义,故填to complete。
4. ____
as
[解析] 考查介词。as...as...与……一样。
5. ______
from
[解析] 考查介词。句意:它与制作拿铁咖啡完全不同,因为我们用清
水作为注入杯子的液体,而不是牛奶。be different from与……不同。
3. ____________
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into
[解析] 考查介词。句意:章(志峰)说:“但当水接触到搅拌好的茶水
表面时,它会变成白色,并在20分钟内消失。”turn into变成。
7. ___________
was listed
[解析] 考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in 2017
可知应用一般过去时;句子的主语This technique和动词list之间是被动
关系,所以应该用被动语态;再由主语This technique可知,谓语动词
应该用单数形式。故填was listed。
6. _____
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to
[解析] 考查介词。句意:这种技艺是宋代茶文化的关键,如果让它消
失就太可惜了。the key to...……的关键。
9. ___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。根据句意可知,此处表示泛指,shame的发音以辅音
音素开头,故填a。
10. ___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。have a better understanding of 对……有更好的理解。
8. ___
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B
(2023·河北示范性高中高三三模改编)
On October 5th, Katmai National Park & Preserve in southern
Alaska kicked off Fat Bear Week, when 1.____ park's brown bears
competing against each other in a challenge much like college
basketball's March Madness tournament. Fans use before and after
2._______(photo) to vote for the bear which they think has gained
the most weight over summer 3.___________ (prepare) for
hibernation (冬眠). But what began 4.____ a contest for
the
photos
to prepare
as
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conservationists has become a global campaign where superfans vote
for their favourite bear to be the 5._______(fat) of them all.
Fat Bear Week began in 2014 as Fat Bear Tuesday. Mike Fitz, a
former worker at Katmai, noticed that live cameras 6._________
(show) the bears generated a lot of online comments. He and the
other workers let people vote for their favourite fat bear on Facebook.
The one-day event 7.__________ (attract) just 1,700 votes in
2014.Last year's week-long contest collected nearly 800,000. Fans
gather together 8.________ (happy) to watch the live bear cameras
fattest
showing
attracted
happily
set up around the park. Some go further. Jean Gross is hosting a
bear-themed party where she lives in Northern Michigan. Guests must
bring foods that appeal 9.___ both bears and humans, such as salmon
patties and honey butter. This year Ms Gross says she is rooting for
Holly, 10.____ older female, because “she is a nice little fat girl and
so am I”.
to
an
the
[解析] 考查冠词。此处表示特指,特指上文提到的Katmai National
Park & Preserve,故填the。
2. _______
photos
[解析] 考查名词。句意:粉丝们用冬眠前后的照片投票给他们认为为
冬眠做准备而在夏天体重增加最多的熊。空前无限定词,应用名词的
复数形式,故填photos。
1. ____
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to prepare
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空白处在句子中作状语
表示目的,应使用动词不定式,故填to prepare。
4. ____
as
[解析] 考查介词。句意:但一开始是一场环保主义者的竞赛,现在已
经变成了一场全球运动,超级粉丝们为他们最喜欢的熊投票,选出它
们中最胖的熊。根据句意可知,此处表示“作为”,故填as。
3. ___________
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fattest
[解析] 考查形容词。根据下文of them all可知,此处是在三者以上进
行比较,应使用形容词最高级,故填fattest。
6. _________
showing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句意:卡迈特国家公园和自然保护区的前工
作人员Mike Fitz注意到,实时展示熊的摄像在网上引发了很多评论。
分析句子结构可知,空白处为非谓语动词,因与其逻辑主语live
cameras之间构成主动关系,应使用现在分词,故填showing。
5. _______
70
attracted
[解析] 考查时态。句意:2014年,这场为期一天的活动仅吸引了1,
700张选票。分析句子结构可知,空白处在句子中作谓语,根据时间状
语in 2014可知应使用一般过去时,故填attracted。
8. ________
happily
[解析] 考查副词。句意:粉丝们高兴地聚在一起,观看公园周围设置
的直播熊摄像头。空白处在句子中修饰动词gather,作状语,应使用副
词,故填happily。
7. __________
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9. ___
to
[解析] 考查介词。句意:客人必须带上对熊和人类都有吸引力的食物,
比如三文鱼肉饼和蜂蜜黄油。appeal to意为“对……有吸引力”。
10. ____
an
[解析] 考查冠词。此处表示泛指,应使用不定冠词,older的发音以元
音音素开头,故填an。
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Thanks
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$$