上海市曹杨第二中学2023-2024学年高一上学期12月测评英语试卷

II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 21. The reason _________ he gave for his fault in running the machine was that he failed to see the directions. A. why B. for which C. what D. that 22. If the population of the Earth goes on increasing at its present rate, by the middle of the 21st century, we _________ all the oil that drives our cars. A. will use up B. will have been using up C. will have used up D. have used up 23. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn't fit. A. to find B. found C. finding D. having found 24. It is worth much _________ what is worth _________. A. doing, to do B. to do, to do C. to do, doing D. doing, doing 25. _________ a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _________ whether they will enjoy it. A. To have, seen B. Having, to be seen C. Having, seeing D. To have, seeing 26. Newton is known as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses, who stood at the point in history _________ magic ended and science began. A. that B. as C. which D. where 27. With more than 17000 islands, _________ only 6000 are inhabited, Indonesia is the world's largest island nation. A. where B. which C. of which D. on which 28. To high school students, going to university means a new leaf _________ before them are being independent is the starting point. A. to be turned B. being turned C. to have been turned D. turned 29. Physics is the present-day equivalent of _________ used to be called natural philosophy, from which most of present-day science arose. A. that B. all C. which D. what 30. If you are traveling _________ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. A. in which B. where C. when D. what Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why do we have adolescence? All mammals need to leave their parents and set up on their own at some point. But human adults generally provide a comfortable existence - food arrives on the table in quantities, money is dished out at regular intervals and can be pleaded for more or less successfully, the bills get (31) _________ (pay) and the electricity for the TV, doesn't usually run out. (32) _________ teenagers didn't build up a fairly major disrespect for and irritation with their parents or carers, they'd never want to leave. In fact, falling out of love with the adults (33) _________ look after you is probably a necessary part of growing up. Later, when you've gone, you can start to love them again because you won't need to be fighting (34) _________ (get) away from them. And you can come back sometimes for a home-cooked meal and even bring your dirty washing with you if you play your cards right. The need for separation could also explain (35) _________ teenagers are far more concerned about what their friends think than what their parents think. Recent and ongoing research shows that teenagers even use different parts of the brain and sometimes make different decisions (36) _________ (depend) on whether their friend are with them. Friends are (37) _________ - because friends are what we need when we leave home. Humans rely on sociability. It makes sense to cultivate friends. In fact, this drive (38) _________ independence is possibly the most important thing about adolescence. It is, if you think about it, pretty much the whole point. And it's (39) _________ your parents and all the adults who care about you want for you in the end. What they may not realize is that if you're going to be independent at 22 you (40) _________ need to start rattling the bars of the cage at 14. Section C Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. capable B. original C. starred D. risk E. treasured F. adapt to G. independent H. struggling with I. are credited to J. arising from K. are honoured with 41. Daniel Craig has _________ in No Time to Die, which is a huge box-office hit in 2021. 42. The goal of education is not to increase the amount of knowledge but to create the possibilities for a child to invent and discover, to create men who are _________ of doing new things. 43. By this age, the child becomes relatively _________ of his mother, trying to do things on his own. 44. Family is a unique gift that needs to be appreciated and _________ , for it supports us financially and emotionally. 45. Daring to set boundaries is about having the courage to love ourselves, even when we _________ disappointing others. 46. The project suffered numerous setbacks due to problems _________ the lack of communication between team members. 47. The groundbreaking discoveries in the filed of medicine _________ the collaborative efforts of numerous scientists, each contributing unique insights and relentless dedication to advancing healthcare. 48. Despite initial difficulties, the family managed to _________ their new surroundings, gradually embracing the local culture and forging meaningful connections within the community. 49. Her artwork showcased a unique and _________ style that captivated audiences with its fresh perspective. 50. He's been _________ the decision to pursue further education or enter the workforce, torn between his passion for learning and the practicalities of starting a career. III. Reading Comprehensions Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In Dad's Army, a British sitcom（情景喜剧）about a home-defense Force, sergeant（中士）Wilson would often cast doubt on his commander's various orders with the phrase "Do you think that's wise, sir?" His doubt, although often ignored , was usually __51__. Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses head down the wrong track. But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and __52__ being at high risk of losing their jobs. A culture of silence can be dangerous, argues a new book The Fearless Organization, by Amy Edmond-son, a professor at Harvard Business School. Some of the her cases are from the __53__ industry, where staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks. One was its deadliest accident: a crash between two Boeing-747s in the Canary Islands occurred in 1977 when a co-pilot felt unable to __54__ his captain into changing the decision to take off. Another case was that of the Columbia space shuttle in 2003; an engineer who may have diagnosed damage to the shuttle's wing before the flight felt unable to speak as he was "too __55__" at NASA. In a corporate culture based on __56__ and obedience, it may appear that targets are being achieved. But in the long run the effect is likely to be counterproductive（适得其反的）. Studies show that fear __57__ learning. And when faced with a problem, scared workers find ways of __58__ it or getting around it with inefficient practices. The solution is to create an atmosphere of "psychological safety" whereby workers can speak their minds. It does not mean that workers, or their ideas, are __59__ criticism, or that they should complain continuously. In a sense, this method is the __60__ of Toyota's "lean manufacturing" process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line. Pixar, the production firm, created what it called a "Brain-trust" to give __61__ to film directors. The rules were that advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person, and that filmmakers should not be __62__ in response. And psychological safety is not about whistle-blowing（检举）. Indeed, if an employee feels the need to act as a whistle-blower by speaking to external __63__, it suggests employers have not created an environment within the firm where criticism can be __64__. Nor is such a culture only about safety or avoiding mistakes. As mundane（单调的）tasks are automated, and workers rely on computers for data analysis, the added value of humans will stem from their __65__. But as Ms. Edmondson's book demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out. 51. A. justifiable B. pointless C. subjective D. ridiculous 52. A. on the whole B. in conclusion C. as a result D. on the contrary 53. A. airline B. manufacturing C. service D. advertising 54. A. tempt B. reason C. trick D. guide 55. A. offensive B. ambitious C. aggressive D. humble 56. A. imitation B. fear C. efficiency D. competition 57. A. motivates B. facilitates C. maintains D. prevents 58. A. spoiling B. polishing C. masking D. exploiting 59. A. related to B. safe from C. concerned with D. dependent on 60. A. equivalent B. object C. argument D. criticism 61. A. priority B. motivation C. access D. feedback 62. A. optimistic B. objective C. defensive D. passive 63. A. authorities B. elements C. divisions D. whistle-blowers 64. A. rejected B. eliminated C. voiced D. questioned 65. A. competitiveness B. inventiveness C. carefulness D. selflessness Section B Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The crowd holds its breath. High above them on the climbing wall, hanging upside down by the tips of two fingers, is the French climber Francois Lombard. He is competing in the World Cup Climbing Championships at Birmingham's National Indoor Arena. The National Indoor Arena is more famous for staging the TV show Gladiators, but the television programme and the World Cup Climbing Championships share at least one feature -- The Wall. And the fact that either event is possible is the result of a new and rapidly developing technology. Until the mid- 1960s, climbers practised their skills on cliffs in areas where there was a plentiful supply of good climbing angles. During the winter they would either put up with the cold weather, go walking instead or climb on snow and ice in Scotland. However, as the sport developed it was increasingly important for top climbers to keep fit. With the cliffs unusable for much of the year, they used brick-edges or stone buildings to 'work out' on. This allowed them to keep their fingers strong, and beat off the boredom of not being able to climb. It wasn't long before many sports centres started building walls specifically for the task, using bricks with special edges to cling on to. Many of these early walls followed the example set by Don Robinson, a teacher of physical education who ,during the mid- 1960s, constructed a climbing wall in a corridor of his department at Leeds University. Robinson developed the idea of setting natural rock in a block of concrete, which could then be included in a wall. Scores of climbing walls of this kind were built in sports halls up and down the country throughout the 1970s but they had obvious design problems. Walls could only be built in a vertical plane（垂直面）, while cliffs outside have features like overhangs and angled slabs（石板）of rock. There was the added problem that once the walls were up their patterns were fixed and climbers would eventually tire of their repetitive nature, despite thinking of every combination of holds possible. In 1985, a Frenchman, Francois Savigny, developed a material which he made into shapes like those that climbers would find on the cliffs. These could be fixed onto any existing wall and then taken off when climbers got bored with a particular combination. 66. What can be learned about the climbers before the mid- 1960s? A. They relied on stone buildings for practice. B. They found no place for training in the winter. C. They practised their skills in a natural environment. D. They were dissatisfied with their training equipment. 67. The phrase "cling on to" (in paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to "_________". A. hold firmly B. adapt to C. take a close look at D. keep away from 68. What problem did the climbing walls developed by Don Robinson have? A. They were a great drain on climbers' energy. B. They looked too much like natural cliffs. C. They were not secure enough. D. They could not be altered. 69. According to the passage, the material developed by Francois Savigny enabled climbing walls to become more _________ A. challenging B. flexible C. popular D. stable (B) "When I use word," Humpty Dumpty said, " it means just what I choose to mean -- neither more nor less." -- THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS I agree with Mr. Dumpty: Words have meaning. But surely we can seize upon a meaning and then create a word to match it. The following words -- some culled from the crowd-sourced online dictionary urbandictionary.com and others I've concocted myself -- don't exist according to Merriam-Webster ... but should. I call them "worderfuls." blamestorming n. -- The act of attempting to identify the person who is most at fault for a plan's failure. cellfish n. -- Someone who talks on the phone to the exclusion of those he or she is with. chairdrobe n. -- A chair on which one piles clothes that belong in the closet. Not to be confused with a floor-drobe. chiptease n. -- A bag of potato chips that seems full but is mostly air. dullema n. -- The choice between two equally boring outcomes epiphinot n. -- An idea that seems like an amazing insight to the conceiver but is in fact pointless, mundane, stupid, or incorrect errorist n. -- Someone who is repeatedly or invariably wrong. nonversation n. -- A complete meaningless or useless conversation. pregret v. -- to know what you're about to do is wrong, wrong, wrong while also knowing you will do it anyway. Unlighten v. -- To learn something that makes you dumber. 70. According to the writer, "worderfuls" refer to words _________. A. that are collected by online dictionaries B. that already exist but have a new meaning C. that are made up to match certain meanings D. that have been included in Merriam-Webster 71. Which of the following words can be illustrated by the picture below? A. blamestorming B. chairdrobe C. chiptease D. errorist 72. Which of the following words best fits the blank in the sentence: Since you _________ to go abroad, why on earth do you choose to go to France? A. cellfish B. nonversation C. pregret D. unlighten (C) Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behavior is regarded as "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkeys, as well. The researchers studied the behavior of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-cooperative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became markedly different. In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment（愤恨）in a female capuchin. The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys like humans are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous anger, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago is as yet an unanswered question. 73. The statement "it is all too monkeys" (Paragraph 1) implies that _________. A. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals B. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions 74. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are _________. A. more inclined to weigh what they get B. attentive to researchers' instructions C. nice in both appearance and temper D. more generous than their male companions 75. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. De Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys _________. A. prefer grapes to cucumbers B. can be taught to exchange things C. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated D. are unhappy when separated from others 76. When can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions B. Humans' anger at unfairness evolved from an uncertain source. C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as human do. D. Cooperation among monkeys remain stable only in the wild. (D) Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people though loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three three different types of loneliness. The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation - for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition. Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contact, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. we depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity. Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad, and sometimes dangerous condition. 77. How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage? A. Talk to friends. B. Just ignore it. C. Go to see a doctor. D. Ask your teachers or guidance 78. "It" in the best sentence of the second paragraph refers to _________. A. temporary loneliness B. situational loneliness C. a new place D. sleeplessness 79. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. One problem of loneliness is a person's social contacts. B. Chronic loneliness often lasts about two years and has a particular cause. C. Moving to a new place will cause you to feel lonely but you will definitely not suffer from headaches. D. Lonely people don't have many friends. 80. Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people? A. Chronic loneliness can cause family problems. B. Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness. C. Chronic loneliness can not be overcome. D. A, B and C are all correct. (E) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. If this is a battle, signs indicate that the pro-phone crowd has already won. B. But rather than expressing frustration about this awkwardness, she said she felt guilty, as if she were the one challenging convention. C. In recent years, the de Young received more than a thousand complaints from people who felt that cell phones had spoiled their experience of the exhibit. D. The cause of this recent craze was Bouquets to Art, one of the most popular annual events at the de Young Museum is San Francisco. E. The truth is people like selfies more than the exhibits way beyond researchers' imagination. F. But the issue is complicated for the professionals running museums. A San Francisco Museum Tackles Art's Instagram Dilemma A woman held tightly her phone to her heart, the way a missionary might hold a Bible. She was anxious to take a picture of a stunning bouquet of flowers, but first she had to get through a crowd of others who were doing the same. __81__ For the 34th year, florists were asked to create bouquets that respond to pieces of art on display, from ancient carvings to contemporary sculptures. A tower of baby's breath imitates a waterfall in a nearby painting by Gustav Grunewald. Red flamingo flowers and neon blue sticks echo a surreal portrait of a woman by Salvador Dali. It's amazing and also extremely Instagrammable, to the point that it has become a problem. __82__ Institutions of fine art around the world face similar problems as the desire to take photographs becomes a huge draw for museums as well as something that upsets some of their sponsors. So the de Young responded with a kind of agreement: carving out "photo free" hours during the exhibition's six-day run. One common complaint in the ongoing debates over the effect of social media on museum culture is that people seem to be missing out on experiences because they are so busy collecting evidence of them. A study published in the journal Psychological Science suggests there is truth to this. It found that people who took photos of an exhibit rather than simply observing it had a harder time remembering what they saw. __83__ Linda Butler, the de Young's head of marketing, communications and visitor experience, acknowledges that not everyone wants a museum to be "a selfie play-land". Yet a lot of other people do, and her take is that the de Young is in no position to claim that one motivation for buying a $28 ticket is more valid than another. If we removed social media and photography, she says, "we should risk becoming irrelevant". __84__ On this visit to the museum, most people seemed to treat the photo craze as the new normal. Many politely waited their turn and got out of other people's shots, even as visitors bumped into each other in crowded galleries. 第II卷 I. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 85. 我一直梦想着拥有一套三居室的房子。(dream) 86. 警方已经弄清楚此次事故应向谁问责。(blame) 87. 由于缺乏省力的设备，以往女性花费大量时间在做家务上。(spend) 88. 老师很惊喜地发现他演讲时没有看稿。(refer) 89. 一些老字号之所以能够在激烈的竞争中存货下来是因为它们愿意接受挑战。(The reason ...) 参考答案 21-25DCACB 26-30DCADB 31. paid 32. If 33. who 34. to get 35. why 36. depending 37. everything 38. towards 39. what 40. may 41. C 42. A 43. G 44. E 45. D 46. J 47. I 48. F 49. B 50. H 51-55ACABD 56-60BDCBA 61-65DCACB 66. C 67. A 68. C 69. B 70. C 71. B 72. C 73. B 74. A 75. C 76. B 77. B 78. B 79. A 80. B 81. D 82. C 83. F 84. A 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$