专题09 概要写作12篇（期末真题好题速递）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末真题分类汇编（上海专用）

专题09 概要写作12篇 1．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Imperfection can be a gift We all want to do things well and for things to turn out right. However, growing up also involves accepting when things go wrong. In fact, messing up can lead to some of the most interesting and meaningful outcomes. Aiming for results, whether that’s getting good school grades, shining in sport or acing an art project, can help you focus on your goals. However, it’s just as important to focus on enjoying the process. Getting too hung up on things turning out exactly as you think they should can put a lot of pressure on you and lead to anxiety. That’s why it’s good to leave some room for errors and imperfections. Then if things don’t go as planned, it’s not a big deal and you may learn something new. Dr Vara is a psychologist who helps people take care of their mental health. She says getting things wrong is part of growing up. “We also have to experience the uncomfortable feeling when we get things wrong. This helps us to become stronger,” says Dr Vara. “Otherwise, we’ll be too scared to make mistakes. This fear can lead to us putting off doing difficult things or avoiding trying new things.” It’s important to realise that making mistakes is common, which shows that it is impossible to be perfect and failure is normal. Learning from your mistakes is an essential part of growing up. The most important thing is how you respond and what you choose to do next. Try not to take it too seriously, blame yourself or feel too disappointed or upset. Dr Vara explains, “Remember that you’re not a bad person for getting things wrong——you’re human. It might feel uncomfortable for a bit, then these feelings will pass and then you’ll bounce back.” Instead, think about what you might do differently next time. This has been proven to work. In one study, students who were reminded to forgive and be kind to themselves when they failed a test felt more motivated to try again. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Accepting failures is a natural part of growth. Focusing on enjoying the process rather than just the results can reduce pressure and anxiety. Dr. Vara explains that making mistakes is normal and essential for becoming stronger. The key is to learn from mistakes, not be too hard on oneself, and consider how to improve next time. 【导语】本文的体裁是明文。接受失败是成长的自然组成部分。专注于享受过程而不仅仅是结果可以减轻压力和焦虑。瓦拉博士解释说，犯错误是正常的，对变得更强壮至关重要。关键是要从错误中吸取教训，不要对自己太苛刻，并考虑下次如何改进。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①However, growing up also involves accepting when things go wrong. ②However, it’s just as important to focus on enjoying the process. Getting too hung up on things turning out exactly as you think they should can put a lot of pressure on you and lead to anxiety.   ③She says getting things wrong is part of growing up.  “We also have to experience the uncomfortable feeling when we get things wrong.  This helps us to become stronger,” says Dr Vara.   ④Learning from your mistakes is an essential part of growing up.  The most important thing is how you respond and what you choose to do next.  Try not to take it too seriously, blame yourself or feel too disappointed or upset. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句Focusing on enjoying the process rather than just the results can reduce pressure and anxiety. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Accepting failures is a natural part of growth. 运用了一个含有动名词的句子，对原文第一段进行了概括。其中动名词Accepting作主语，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】Dr. Vara explains that making mistakes is normal and essential for becoming stronger.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第三段进行了概括。其中that引导的宾语从句、动名词making作主语、动名词becoming作宾语，表达非常高级。 2．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. We Need to Take Meditation More Seriously as Medicine A new review study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Internal Medicine, suggests that the ancient Eastern practice of mindful meditation can offer real help for patients with depression, anxiety, and pain. Dr. Madhav Goyal is the lead author of the recent JAMA study. He reviewed 47 clinical trials involving more than 3500 participants with mild anxiety or depression, and found that those who practiced mindful meditation saw a 5-10%improvement in anxiety symptoms and a 10-20% reduction in depressive symptoms. What’s most striking about the JAMA findings is that people weren’t meditating for very long. Many in the reviewed studies meditated for as little as 2. 5 hours per week for two months. As Dr. Goyal points out, because meditation is a skill that’s learned over time, it’s unlikely that the respondents reached a high level in a short time. So according to him, it’s reasonable to think that people would experience even greater benefits with more rigorous training and practice. Unfortunately though, it’s precisely those realities of meditation — that it is a state you can teach yourself to achieve and improve with discipline — that might weaken its validity (有效性) with physicians and patients. For example, professor Mark K. Blum, a Buddhist Studies expert at the University of California, Berkeley, believes some medical professionals may doubt the value of meditation because our culture has shifted so heavily in favor of quantitative measurement. “Medical doctors are practicing a form of science, and therefore expect to see scientific measurement,” Blum explains. “But how do you measure meditation?” In Dr. Goyal’s view, critics of meditation have a misunderstanding of what science is. It has nothing to do with molecules or drugs, he says. Rather, medical science is a “systematic exploration of what is not known”, whatever that may be — and areas like meditation desperately need more exploration, and the funding to do it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A new study found that meditation can help ease people’s anxiety and depression and that people can benefit more if they practice meditating for longer. Though some medical professionals still don’t believe in the effect of meditation because it can’t be measured, Dr. Goyal, the lead author of the study, thinks it is worth exploring. 【导语】本文的体裁是说明文。一项新的研究发现，冥想可以帮助缓解人们的焦虑和抑郁，如果人们练习冥想的时间更长，他们会受益更多。尽管一些医学专业人士仍然不相信冥想的效果，因为它无法测量，但该研究的第一作者戈亚尔博士认为，这值得探索。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①A new review study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Internal Medicine, suggests that the ancient Eastern practice of mindful meditation can offer real help for patients with depression, anxiety, and pain. ②What’s most striking about the JAMA findings is that people weren’t meditating for very long.  Many in the reviewed studies meditated for as little as 2.  5 hours per week for two months. ③For example, professor Mark K. Blum, a Buddhist Studies expert at the University of California, Berkeley, believes some medical professionals may doubt the value of meditation because our culture has shifted so heavily in favor of quantitative measurement. ④In Dr. Goyal’s view, critics of meditation have a misunderstanding of what science is. Rather, medical science is a “systematic exploration of what is not known”, whatever that may be—and areas like meditation desperately need more exploration, and the funding to do it. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将3、4两个要点进行整合，将总结性语句放在文章最后。 3. 遣词造句 A new study found that meditation can help ease people’s anxiety and depression and that people can benefit more if they practice meditating for longer. Some medical professionals still don’t believe in the effect of meditation because it can’t be measured. Dr. Goyal thinks areas like meditation are worth more exploration。 【点睛】【高分句型1】A new study found that meditation can help ease people’s anxiety and depression and that people can benefit more if they practice meditating for longer. 运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第一、二、三段进行了概括。其中that引导了宾语从句、if引导的条件状语从句，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】Though some medical professionals still don’t believe in the effect of meditation because it can’t be measured, Dr. Goyal, the lead author of the study, thinks it is worth exploring.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第四、五段进行了概括。其中Though引导的让步状语从句、because引导的原因状语从句，表达非常高级。 3．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Panic Buying Have you ever watched one of the many TV shows set during the apocalypse (大灾难). If it’s not zombies, it’s viruses or natural disasters. One thing that seems to be a typical part of these series is survivors searching for food and resources. Is that why people stockpile food when things go bad? What is stockpiling? Quite simply it’s when people accumulate a substantial number of goods, for example food or water. But why do we do it? Consumer psychologist Paul Marsden puts it down to three factors that relate to retail therapy. Firstly, ‘autonomy’ -the idea that people feel the need to be in control. Secondly, ‘relatedness’ - panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same. Lastly, ‘competence’ - people want to feel like they are ‘smart shoppers’ and doing the right thing. Sander Van der Lindon, an assistant professor of social psychology at Cambridge University, said that a phenomenon known as ‘fear contagion (传播)’ can take hold. People’s decision making stops when stressed, so they follow the actions of other people. If they are panic buying, you will too. So, can you stop people from stockpiling? Well, supermarkets can ration the amount of products consumers purchase, and governments can try to reassure people that there is no need to panic. However, it seems that it goes against our basic psychology to try and stop people from panic buying. So, the next time a virus, natural disaster or zombie apocalypse starts, remember that panic buying is probably a given, thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Panic buying occurs due to the need for people to be in control, feel connected to others who are also panic buying and be “smart shoppers”. Building up a large stock of supplies is a form of retail therapy that helps people manage their emotional state. In general, trying to stop people from panic buying is counterproductive. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，恐慌性购买的发生是由于人们需要控制自己，与其他也有恐慌性购买的人建立联系，并成为“聪明的购物者”。建立大量的供应库存是一种零售疗法，可以帮助人们管理自己的情绪状态。一般来说，试图阻止人们恐慌性购买是适得其反的。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Firstly, ‘autonomy’ -the idea that people feel the need to be in control. ②Secondly, ‘relatedness’ - panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same. ③Lastly, ‘competence’ - people want to feel like they are ‘smart shoppers’ and doing the right thing. ④Well, supermarkets can ration the amount of products consumers purchase, and governments can try to reassure people that there is no need to panic. ⑤However, it seems that it goes against our basic psychology to try and stop people from panic buying. ⑥remember that panic buying is probably a given, thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state. 2.缜密构思 将第4、5两个要点进行重组，将第1、2、3三个要点进行整合，将第6要点进行重写。 3.遣词造句 Panic buying occurs because people need to take control, connect with others who are also panic buying, and become “smart shoppers”. Building a large supply inventory is a retail therapy that can help people manage their emotional state. Generally speaking, trying to prevent people panic buying is counterproductive. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Panic buying occurs due to the need for people to be in control, feel connected to others who are also panic buying and be “smart shoppers”.(运用who引导的定语从句) [高分句型2] Building up a large stock of supplies is a form of retail therapy that helps people manage their emotional state. (运用that引导的定语从句) 4．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words asfar as possible. How to Be a Successful Team Leader? Every well-organized team needs to have an outstanding leader with specific skills. Sometimes the leader’s abilities can come to affect the whole team. Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills. A team consists of both leaders and followers. Neither side can exist and work effectively without the other. What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. Meanwhile, everyone on a team also desires personal success, so a balance can be hard to strike. If a leader doesn’t have fierce determination, the followers will lose their confidence and things will not be done well. What’s more, a successful and charming leader ought to be able to handle interpersonal relationships well. They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. These kinds of leaders are trustworthy, and thus, the working atmosphere will only come to be improved. They are role models who can have a strong influence on the whole team. To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. If you find it hard to express your ideas clearly to those who you collaborate with, it may be rather difficult for you to be a good leader. It’s a well-known fact that, whatever field you wish to work in, leadership skills are necessary for anyone who desires to have a successful career. So it’s never too early to train yourselves as promising future leaders. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is essential to develop leadership skills when you’re young. Firstly, the ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed. Besides, honesty, fairness, and objective attitudes can win a leader trust and reliability in handling of interpersonal relationships. Moreover, skillful communication or staying connected with peers is significant for a promising leader. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何成为一名成功的团队领导者。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills. ②What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. ③A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. ④They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. ⑤To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. ⑥Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. 2.缜密构思 将第2、3两个要点进行整合，将第5、6两个要点进行重组 3.遣词造句 The ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed. Skillful communication or staying connected with peers is significant for a promising leader. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It is essential to develop leadership skills when you’re young.（运用了when引导时间状语从句对第一段内容进行概括） [高分句型2] Firstly, the ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed.（运用了动词不定式作后置定语对第二段的部分内容进行概括） 5．（23-24高二上·上海青浦·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Gratitude Is Good for You? Gratitude is more than just saying ‘thank you’ to someone who has helped us or given us a gift. Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something that makes us feel a positive emotion. And this positive emotion can be good for our health -- our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. Let’s start by looking at the emotional or mental health benefits of expressing gratitude. There have been many studies, as described in a 2018 paper from the Greater Good Science Center titled ‘The Science of Gratitude’, showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person or writing in a gratitude journal, if done regularly, improves mental health. It is because gratitude stops us from thinking about toxic, negative emotions, and writing a ‘thank you’ letter, for example, shifts our attention so that we focus on positive emotions. But even if we don’t share our writing with anyone, like in a journal, the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and more satisfied with life. And this gets better with time. So, the more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel. Gratitude can also make us feel good in our bodies. There are studies linking a gratitude practice to better sleep quality, better eating habits, and reduced inflammation in people who have had heart problems. So gratitude is clearly good for us, but is it also good for the people in our lives? The simple answer is ‘yes’. When shared — spoken or written — gratitude is about feeling valued and helping others feel valued too. Feeling valued can help build stronger relationships — be it with family, partners, friends or even colleagues. And that’s on top of all the other ways gratitude is clearly good for us. Maybe we should all stop counting sheep or counting calories and start counting our blessings instead. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gratitude, which is a deeper appreciation for someone or something, is good for our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. The more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel about ourselves, and the healthier our body will be. Furthermore, when shared, gratitude helps others feel valued. So let’s count our blessings! 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表达感激对我们身心的带来好处。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something that makes us feel a positive emotion. ②And this positive emotion can be good for our health -- our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. ④So, the more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel. ⑤Gratitude can also make us feel good in our bodies. ⑥So gratitude is clearly good for us, but is it also good for the people in our lives?T ⑦When shared — spoken or written — gratitude is about feeling valued and helping others feel valued too. ⑧Maybe we should all stop counting sheep or counting calories and start counting our blessings instead. 2.缜密构思 合并要点①②，这两点是总括文章的主旨——感激的益处；重组④⑤要点——对精神和身体健康有好处；重组⑥⑦——对他人的好处。 3.遣词造句 Gratitude, which is a deeper appreciation for someone or something, is good for our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. The more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel about ourselves, and the healthier our body will be. Furthermore, when shared, gratitude helps others feel valued. So let’s count our blessings! 【点睛】[高分句型1] Gratitude, which is a deeper appreciation for someone or something, is good for our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2] Furthermore, when shared, gratitude helps others feel valued.（运用了状语从句的省略） 6．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in NO MORE THAN 60 WORDS. Use your own words as far as possible. Scrabble Scrabble is a crossword game. There is a board, a bag full of letter tiles, and small racks (架子) to put the tiles on. Letters like Q, X and Z are not common in English words. They are worth more points than common letters like E, S and N. For example, “E” is worth only 1 point and there are many “E” tiles. The letter “Q” is worth 5 points and there are only two “Q” tiles. The game begins with all the letter tiles in a bag. This way, the players can’t see the tiles. Each player takes seven tiles and puts them on the rack in front of him or her. The players can’t see each other’s tiles. The Scrabble board has many squares. In turn, players try to make words with their tiles and put them on the squares. The words can only go up and down or left to right. The first player puts down a word, and it must cover the star in the centre of the board. The player must take new tiles to replace the ones used to make the word. The next player must make a word using the word that is on the board. To find the score, players add up the value of each tile in a word. For example, the letters “S”, “T” and “A” are each worth 1 point. So the word “sat” is worth 3 points. The pink and blue squares have a special value, too. For example, if the “Q” tile is on a triple-letter square, then it would be 15 points, not just 5 points. If the word “sat’ is on the double=word square, then it is worth 6 points. The game continues until all the tiles have been used and no player can make any new words on the board. The highest score wins! ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Scrabble is a crossword game. In this game, players try to spell words with letter tiles. There are some squares on the board worth special points. If a player can put a letter on these squares, that player can get more points. And if the player can use letters with high score on them, his / her points will be higher. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了拼字游戏的玩法。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Scrabble is a crossword game. Letters like Q, X and Z are not common in English words. They are worth more points than common letters like E, S and N. ②The game begins with all the letter tiles in a bag. ③Each player takes seven tiles and puts them on the rack in front of him or her. ④The Scrabble board has many squares.   ⑤To find the score, players add up the value of each tile in a word. For example, the letters “S”, “T” and “A” are each worth 1 point. So the word “sat” is worth 3 points. The pink and blue squares have a special value, too. For example, if the “Q” tile is on a triple-letter square, then it would be 15 points, not just 5 points. If the word “sat’ is on the double=word square, then it is worth 6 points. ⑥The game continues until all the tiles have been used and no player can make any new words on the board. The highest score wins! 2. 缜密深思 把要点1、2、3、4重组；要点5和要点6重组，整合。 3. 遣词造句 Scrabble is a crossword game. The Scrabble board has many squares. Each player in the game begins with all the letter tiles and to get the score, players add up the value of each tile in a word. The game continues until all the tiles have been used and use letters with high score on them so that the player wins! 【点睛】【高分句型1】There are some squares on the board worth special points.（运用了there be句型和worth形容词作定语） 【高分句型2】If a player can put a letter on these squares, that player can get more points.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） 7．（22-23高二上·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is Deep-Sea Exploration Worth the Money? People are generally more enthusiastic about space, but the oceans hold the solutions to some of the biggest problems of the twenty-first century. We must continue to invest in exploration of the deep sea so that we can take advantage of its benefits. The deep seas contain resources that could bring improvements in the field of medicine. Antibiotics are becoming less effective in the treatment of illnesses, and scientists think that the plant life in the deep oceans may provide a solution. They hope to develop new medicines that will make it possible to fight disease for years to come. Some substances produced from deep-sea plants are already being used in improved medical testing procedures. Recognizing the importance of this research, the 2008 Nobel Committee awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry to scientists in this area. At a time when existing forms of fuel are limited the deep oceans could provide new sources of fuel. For more than 50 years, oil companies have been drilling in areas like the North Sea. Realizing that these offshore resources will not last forever, oil companies are now considering other sources including the huge amounts of oil beneath the ocean bed. However, extracting it safely will require major advancements in technology. Another possible deep-sea fuel source on the ocean floor in the form of ice crystals, scientists believe, could be a fuel source for the future. Finally, using the deep sea for the disposal of nuclear waste is a controversial issue that needs to be explored further. Some organizations have proposed dropping nuclear waste into the deepest parts of the ocean and sealing it into the ocean floor. Many scientists claim that this process would involve less danger to the environment than current storage methods. These are just three of the many ways in which leaning about the deep ocean may change our lives for the better. Such advances in our knowledge justify the expense of carrying out deep-sea research. The demand for land is only continuing to grow. The time has come when 70% of our planet covered by water is just too big to ignore. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The oceans hold the solutions to some problems of the future, so we must continue to invest in exploration of it. The deep seas could bring improvements in the field of medicine, provide new sources of fuel and even probably help dispose nuclear waste. Leaning about the ocean and carrying out deep-sea research may change our lives for the better. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章从三个方面分析了继续投资深海勘探的必要性。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①People are generally more enthusiastic about space, but the oceans hold the solutions to some of the biggest problems of the twenty-first century. We must continue to invest in exploration of the deep sea so that we can take advantage of its benefits. ②The deep seas contain resources that could bring improvements in the field of medicine. ③At a time when existing forms of fuel are limited the deep oceans could provide new sources of fuel. ④Finally, using the deep sea for the disposal of nuclear waste is a controversial issue that needs to be explored further. ⑤These are just three of the many ways in which leaning about the deep ocean may change our lives for the better. Such advances in our knowledge justify the expense of carrying out deep-sea research. 2.缜密构思 将第①个要点进行重组作为导入，将第②、③、④两个要点进行整合，将第⑤个要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 Because the oceans hold the solutions to some problems of the future, we must continue to invest in exploration of it. The deep seas could bring improvements in the field of medicine, provide new sources of fuel and even probably help dispose nuclear waste. Leaning about the ocean and carrying out deep-sea research may change our lives for the better. 【点睛】[高分句型1]: Because the oceans hold the solutions to some problems of the future, we must continue to invest in exploration of it. 运用because引导的原因状语从句。 [高分句型2]: Leaning about the ocean and carrying out deep-sea research may change our lives for the better. 运用动名词短语作主语。 8．（21-22高二上·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 80 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Caves are important in many areas of science. Earth scientists study how rock forms and changes in caves. Biologists visit caves, too, to learn about the unusual species that live in them. However, caves are important for another reason. On the walls of some caves are paintings. They were made by people who lived thousands of years ago. Some of the earliest paintings, like the ones in EL Castillo Cave in Spain, are forty thousand years old. Some are outlines of hands or simple designs. Others show animals or people hunting. They were painted using natural red, orange, white and black minerals. These works of art connect us with people who lived long ago. Interestingly, most of these cave paints were not found by scientists. They were found by people exploring caves for fun. For example, the cave paintings in Lascaux, France, were found in 1940 by a group of boys. They had no idea that the pictures they found on the walls of the cave were over seventeen thousand years old. Over the years, people have found these types of amazing paintings in sites all over the world. You can explore these caves, too. Some have become very popular tourist sites. They are easy to visit and have underground tours for the public. However, exploring other caves can be more difficult. You must be careful, and you need to be prepared for cold, darkness and danger. And you might have to walk through mud or water. Dress warmly and bring special equipment, such as helmet with a light. But these underground worlds are so fascinating that it is worth the trouble. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Scientists learn about caves by studying the rocks and unusual species inside them. Some caves also have paintings. Some are simple designs made thousands of years ago. Most of them were found by people exploring caves for fun. You can explore caves, too. Some have underground tours or the public. Other caves are more difficult to visit. They can be dangerous, so you have to bring special equipment, such as helmet with a light. 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，洞穴在许多科学领域都很重要。地球科学家研究岩石在洞穴中的形成和变化。生物学家也会造访洞穴，以了解生活在其中的不同寻常的物种。然而，洞穴之所以重要还有另一个原因。在一些洞穴的墙上有绘画。 【详解】1 要点摘录 （1）Caves are important in many areas of science. （2）On the walls of some caves are paintings.（3）They were made by people who lived thousands of years ago.（4）They were found by people exploring caves for fun. （5）And you might have to walk through mud or water. （6）However, exploring other caves can be more difficult. Dress warmly and bring special equipment, such as helmet with a light. 2.缜密构思 将第2、3两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Scientists learn about caves by studying the rocks and unusual species inside them. Some caves also have paintings. Some are simple designs made thousands of years ago. Most of them were found by people exploring caves for fun. They can be dangerous, so you have to bring special equipment, such as helmet with a light. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Most of them were found by people exploring caves for fun.运用了一般过去时态的被动语态。 [高分句型2] Some have underground tours or the public. Other caves are more difficult to visit. 句中运用固定搭配：some…，others…“一些……，另一些……”。 [高分句型3] They can be dangerous, so you have to bring special equipment, such as helmet with a light.该句是并列句，由并列连词so连接；情态动词can用在句中，表示对客观事实的一种推测。 9．（21-22高二上·上海奉贤·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible. Have you ever heard your own voice played back? Other people hear us differently from how we hear ourselves.The same is true of how we see ourselves.Each of us has a different self-concept. Our self-concept is the view you have of yourself. It may or may not mirror the way other people view you. This much is clear. Having a positive self-concept is an important part of good mental health. Your self-concept starts forming when you are very young. Parents or guardians are the first and greatest influence. How they speak to you and treat you have a lasting effect. Grandparents sisters, brothers, and relatives have an effect too.Your skills and abilities also shape your self-concept. You may see yourself as a good basketball player or a good singer.You may feel you are good at writing stories but average in math. How you view your talents and abilities influences your overall self-concept. Developing a positive self-concept is an important part of emotional health.Focus on your strengths rather than your weaknesses. When you focus on your weaknesses, you may begin to feel that you are not good at anything. Instead, identify what you do well and what you enjoy doing This will help you develop a positive self-concept. Seeing yourself in a positive way will help you feel good about yourself. Family members, friends, and teachers reinforce,or support your self-concept through messages. Some of the messages from people around you are spoken or written. Others take the form of looks or gestures."Way to go!" is an example of a positive word message.You may think you did well on a school project. Having your Parent or teacher tell you that you did a good job reinforces your belief.Keep in mind that sending positive messages is a two-way street. When you support others, they are likely to support you, too. 【答案】 Forming at your early age, your self-concept is influenced by family members and the way that you view your talents and abilities. A positive self-concept is of great importance to your mental health. To do this, it is suggested that you should focus on your strengths instead of your weaknesses. People around you can support your self-concept in the form of spoken or written messages or body language. 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，自我认知是你对你自己的看法，它形成于一个人成长早期，受到父母，家庭成员以及亲戚的影响，当然一个人的技能和能力也会对它有影响。发展积极的自我认知对一个人健康的精神状态非常重要。你可以多关注自己的优点，以积极的方式看待自己让你自我感觉良好。也可以让家庭成员或者周围的人能通过口头或书面语言、表情或者手势等信息支持你的自我认知。要记住，你也要多支持他们。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①. Having a positive self-concept is an important part of good mental health. ②. Your self-concept starts forming when you are very young. Parents or guardians are the first and greatest influence. Grandparents sisters, brothers, and relatives have an effect too.Your skills and abilities also shape your self-concept. ③. Focus on your strengths rather than your weaknesses. ④. Family members, friends, and teachers reinforce,or support your self-concept through messages. 2.缜密构思将第2要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 Forming when you are very young, self-concept is influenced by parents,family members and relatives and also shaped by your skills and abilities. If you focus on your strengths rather than your weaknesses, you will have a positive self-concept. To support your self-concept, people around you usually take the form of spoken or written messages as well as looks or gestures. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Forming at your early age, your self-concept is influenced by family members and the way that you view your talents and abilities. 此句对原文第二段进行了概括。其中forming现在分词作状语，that引导的定语从句表达高级。 [高分句型2]：To do this, it is suggested that you should focus on your strengths instead of your weaknesses. 此句对第三段进行了概括，to do目的状语以及it用作形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语，且从句中出现should+动词原形这种虚拟语气的用法，表达非常高级。 [高分句型3]：People around you can support your self-concept in the form of spoken or written messages or body language. 此句概括了第四段内容。其中in the form of作状语用法比较高级。 10．（21-22高二上·上海奉贤·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Pushing Back School Starting Times It's January. The outdoor temperature has fallen below 5C in the morning. Have you ever complained that you still have to get up at 6 a. m. and arrive at school before 7 am? Do you wish you could have a long nice lie-in? You are not alone if your answer is "Yes!" In the United States, many high school students are unhappy with their school starting times, too. That may soon change. Last October, Gavin Newsom, California's governor, signed a law that sets a limit on starting times of half-past eight for high-schoolers and eight o'clock for middle schoolers, hoping students will benefit form their extra time in bed. Sleep deprivation is associated with problems in attention, behavior and learning. A research review by the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(C．D．C．)finds that later school starting times can lead to less falling asleep in class. The change can also help improve students' attendance and grades. Many parents, however, are strongly opposed to such changes. Those who cannot start work later say they won't be able to drop their children off at school before they go to work. They also fear that later starting times will mean later ending times, resulting in fewer opportunities for their children to take part in after-school activities, hold part-time jobs and care for younger siblings. Supporters argue that there really is no significant reason not to do this. Anthony Portantino, the California senator who introduced the law, believes evidence of the change's benefits will soon win over opponents. He says, "I only see an overwhelming resistance to the change from adults—something many teenagers will be familiar with." ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】School starting times will be delayed in the US to benefit students in several ways such as improving attendance, grades and class performance. While many parents oppose to it for fear of the delayed pickup time, less after-school activities and no time to care for younger children, supporters, however, still hold that benefits outweigh the drawbacks. 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，为了保证学生充足睡眠，上课时的注意力，学生成绩，课堂表现，将推迟上学时间。一些家长持否定态度，认为如果实行，那么就没时间接送孩子上下学，孩子也没时间参加课余活动了。但也有家长支持这项决定，认为利大于弊。 【详解】1.要点摘录 California's governor, signed a law that sets a limit on starting times. Students will benefit form their extra time in bed The change can also help improve students' attendance and grades. Many parents, however, are strongly opposed to such changes. They won't be able to drop their children off at school before they go to work. They also fear that later starting times will mean later ending times, resulting in fewer opportunities for their children to take part in after-school activities, hold part-time jobs and care for younger siblings. Supporters argue that there really is no significant reason not to do this. They believes evidence of the change's benefits will soon win over opponents. 2. 缜密构思 将1、2两个要点进行整合，将3、4两个要点进行重组。 3. 遣词造句 School starting times will be delayed to benefit students in improving attendance and grades. However many parents oppose to it for fear of the delayed pickup time, less after-school activities and no time to care for younger children. Supporters, however, still hold that the change's benefits will win over opponents. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Those who cannot start work later say they won't be able to drop their children off at school before they go to work. 运用一个定语从句对第五段第一句话进行举例补充。其中who引导定语从句、before引导时间状语从句的分句等表达高级。 [高分句型2] A research review by the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(C.D.C.)finds that later school starting times can lead to less falling asleep in class.运用宾语从句证实了第四段第一句话，对其进行了补充说明。表达非常高级。 11．（23-24高二上·上海杨浦·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Gen Z Is Leaving Cities for the Countryside In recent years, there has been a noticeable trend of Gen Z individuals relocating from cities to the countryside. This generation, born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, is known for its preference for experiences over material possessions and a desire to lead a more sustainable lifestyle. As a result, many young people are leaving urban areas in pursuit of a slower pace of life and closer connection with nature. The appeal of country living for Gen Z stems from multiple factors. Firstly, it offers a slower pace of life, which can be a welcome change from the hustle and bustle of city living. This can be particularly beneficial for those who struggle with anxiety or stress-related issues. Moreover, there is greater access to nature and outdoor activities such as hiking, camping and fishing. This not only promotes physical health but also helps to develop a deeper connection with the natural world. Also, living in the countryside often means lower living costs and less competition for jobs, making it an attractive option for those just starting out in their careers. Some believe that technology has completely captured the attention of the younger generation, and they are therefore reluctant to leave the conveniences and excitement of the modern city. Actually, it is precisely this technological advancement that has facilitated the shift towards rural living among Gen Z. With remote work becoming increasingly common, young adults are no longer tied to urban centers for employment. They can work from anywhere with a reliable internet connection. Additionally, social media platforms have made it easier for individuals to share their rural lifestyles and connect with others who have similar interests. This virtual community fosters a sense of belonging and encourages young people to explore and appreciate the natural beauty of countryside. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gen Z is leaving cities for the countryside. The slower life pace of rural living relieves anxiety; outdoor activities benefit physical health and draw people closer to nature; lower living cost and less job competition also attract young people. Internet connection and social media platforms enable them to work remotely and be connected with others, making life convenient and enjoyable. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍Z世代离开城市前往农村的原因。农村生活的慢节奏缓解了焦虑；户外活动有益于身体健康，拉近人们与自然的距离；较低的生活成本和较少的就业竞争也吸引了年轻人。互联网连接和社交媒体平台使他们能够远程工作并与他人联系，使生活更加便利和愉快。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①In recent years, there has been a noticeable trend of Gen Z individuals relocating from cities to the countryside. ②As a result, many young people are leaving urban areas in pursuit of a slower pace of life and closer connection with nature. ③Firstly, it offers a slower pace of life, which can be a welcome change from the hustle and bustle of city living. ④Moreover, there is greater access to nature and outdoor activities such as hiking, camping and fishing. ⑤Also, living in the countryside often means lower living costs and less competition for jobs, making it an attractive option for those just starting out in their careers. ⑥This virtual community fosters a sense of belonging and encourages young people to explore and appreciate the natural beauty of countryside. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4、5、6四个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Gen Z is leaving cities and going to the countryside. There are various reasons for Gen Z’s leaving cities for the countryside .For example, the slower life pace of rural living relieves anxiety; outdoor activities benefit physical health and draw people closer to nature; lower living cost and less job competition also attract young people. Internet connection and social media platforms enable them to work remotely and be connected with others, which can make life convenient and enjoyable. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The slower life pace of rural living relieves anxiety; outdoor activities benefit physical health and draw people closer to nature; lower living cost and less job competition also attract young people. 运用了几个分句来描述Z世代离开城市去农村的原因，表达高级。 [高分句型2]：Internet connection and social media platforms enable them to work remotely and be connected with others, making life convenient and enjoyable. 用现在分词making 作结果状语，表达非常高级。 12．（21-22高二上·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The dangers of safety Travelling by road is widely accepted as being the most dangerous way to travel with far more deaths per kilometer than rail, sea or air. In fact, while road traffic injuries represent about 25% of worldwide injury-related deaths, deaths on the road in the UK have been decreasing for some time. We take a look at why the number is decreasing, but why it seems impossible to avoid deaths completely. Over the years, different methods of reducing the number of crashes have been tried. The Locomotive and Highways Act of 1865 introduced the idea of speed limits to the motoring world. Since then, more and more ways of controlling the behaviour of drivers have been introduced such as one-way streets and traffic signals as well as compulsory driver testing and licensing. These days, there are many more methods of enforcement, including speed cameras and fines for breaking motor laws. Another solution is to make cars themselves safer in case of an accident. This means the main focus has been on passive safety or crash survival rather than active safety or avoiding crashes. There are many innovations by motor manufacturers, which have made cars safer, such as seat belts, anti-lock brakes and airbags. These improvements have tended to make the driver feel more in control and isolated him/her from the fast-moving and dangerous environment outside the car. It seems strange that as improvements have been made the number of crashes continues to increase. Actually, it is wrong to talk about safe and dangerous cars in this way. The key to this problem is not actually the car, but the driver. In fact, making drivers feel safer is not the solution to the problem, but it is the cause of the problem. As drivers feel safer, it encourages them to drive aggressively and to ignore other road users and therefore increases the number of crashes ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Deaths on the road in the UK have been decreasing. The reason is that different methods of reducing the number of crashes have been tried. Lots of laws have been implemented to control drivers’ behaviors; meanwhile, solutions were also adopted to make cars safer. However, the key to reducing deaths on the road is not the car, but the driver. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了英国道路死亡人数减少的原因和造成死亡的关键因素。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①In fact, while road traffic injuries represent about 25% of worldwide injury-related deaths, deaths on the road in the UK have been decreasing for some time. We take a look at why the number is decreasing, but why it seems impossible to avoid deaths completely. ②Over the years, different methods of reducing the number of crashes have been tried. ③The Locomotive and Highways Act of 1865 introduced the idea of speed limits to the motoring world. Since then, more and more ways of controlling the behaviour of drivers have been introduced such as one-way streets and traffic signals. as well as compulsory driver testing and licensing. ④Another solution is to make cars themselves safer in case of an accident. ⑤Actually, it is wrong to talk about safe and dangerous cars in this way. The key to this problem is not actually the car, but the driver. 2.缜密构思 将第①个要点进行重组作为导入，将第②个要点进行重组作为总说，将第③、④两个要点进行整合，将第⑤进行重组。 3.遣词造句 Deaths on the road in the UK have been decreasing. The reason is different methods of reducing the number of crashes have been tried. Lots of laws have been implemented to control drivers’ behaviors; meanwhile, solutions were also adopted to make cars safer. However, the key to reducing deaths on the road is not the car, but the driver. 【点睛】[高分句型1]: The reason is that different methods of reducing the number of crashes have been tried. 运用省略that的表语从句对原文进行概括。 [高分句型2]: Lots of laws have been implemented to control drivers’ behaviors; meanwhile, solutions were also adopted to make cars safer. 运用动词不定式作目的状语；对第③、④进行整合。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题09 概要写作12篇 1．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Imperfection can be a gift We all want to do things well and for things to turn out right. However, growing up also involves accepting when things go wrong. In fact, messing up can lead to some of the most interesting and meaningful outcomes. Aiming for results, whether that’s getting good school grades, shining in sport or acing an art project, can help you focus on your goals. However, it’s just as important to focus on enjoying the process. Getting too hung up on things turning out exactly as you think they should can put a lot of pressure on you and lead to anxiety. That’s why it’s good to leave some room for errors and imperfections. Then if things don’t go as planned, it’s not a big deal and you may learn something new. Dr Vara is a psychologist who helps people take care of their mental health. She says getting things wrong is part of growing up. “We also have to experience the uncomfortable feeling when we get things wrong. This helps us to become stronger,” says Dr Vara. “Otherwise, we’ll be too scared to make mistakes. This fear can lead to us putting off doing difficult things or avoiding trying new things.” It’s important to realise that making mistakes is common, which shows that it is impossible to be perfect and failure is normal. Learning from your mistakes is an essential part of growing up. The most important thing is how you respond and what you choose to do next. Try not to take it too seriously, blame yourself or feel too disappointed or upset. Dr Vara explains, “Remember that you’re not a bad person for getting things wrong——you’re human. It might feel uncomfortable for a bit, then these feelings will pass and then you’ll bounce back.” Instead, think about what you might do differently next time. This has been proven to work. In one study, students who were reminded to forgive and be kind to themselves when they failed a test felt more motivated to try again. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. We Need to Take Meditation More Seriously as Medicine A new review study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Internal Medicine, suggests that the ancient Eastern practice of mindful meditation can offer real help for patients with depression, anxiety, and pain. Dr. Madhav Goyal is the lead author of the recent JAMA study. He reviewed 47 clinical trials involving more than 3500 participants with mild anxiety or depression, and found that those who practiced mindful meditation saw a 5-10%improvement in anxiety symptoms and a 10-20% reduction in depressive symptoms. What’s most striking about the JAMA findings is that people weren’t meditating for very long. Many in the reviewed studies meditated for as little as 2. 5 hours per week for two months. As Dr. Goyal points out, because meditation is a skill that’s learned over time, it’s unlikely that the respondents reached a high level in a short time. So according to him, it’s reasonable to think that people would experience even greater benefits with more rigorous training and practice. Unfortunately though, it’s precisely those realities of meditation — that it is a state you can teach yourself to achieve and improve with discipline — that might weaken its validity (有效性) with physicians and patients. For example, professor Mark K. Blum, a Buddhist Studies expert at the University of California, Berkeley, believes some medical professionals may doubt the value of meditation because our culture has shifted so heavily in favor of quantitative measurement. “Medical doctors are practicing a form of science, and therefore expect to see scientific measurement,” Blum explains. “But how do you measure meditation?” In Dr. Goyal’s view, critics of meditation have a misunderstanding of what science is. It has nothing to do with molecules or drugs, he says. Rather, medical science is a “systematic exploration of what is not known”, whatever that may be — and areas like meditation desperately need more exploration, and the funding to do it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Panic Buying Have you ever watched one of the many TV shows set during the apocalypse (大灾难). If it’s not zombies, it’s viruses or natural disasters. One thing that seems to be a typical part of these series is survivors searching for food and resources. Is that why people stockpile food when things go bad? What is stockpiling? Quite simply it’s when people accumulate a substantial number of goods, for example food or water. But why do we do it? Consumer psychologist Paul Marsden puts it down to three factors that relate to retail therapy. Firstly, ‘autonomy’ -the idea that people feel the need to be in control. Secondly, ‘relatedness’ - panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same. Lastly, ‘competence’ - people want to feel like they are ‘smart shoppers’ and doing the right thing. Sander Van der Lindon, an assistant professor of social psychology at Cambridge University, said that a phenomenon known as ‘fear contagion (传播)’ can take hold. People’s decision making stops when stressed, so they follow the actions of other people. If they are panic buying, you will too. So, can you stop people from stockpiling? Well, supermarkets can ration the amount of products consumers purchase, and governments can try to reassure people that there is no need to panic. However, it seems that it goes against our basic psychology to try and stop people from panic buying. So, the next time a virus, natural disaster or zombie apocalypse starts, remember that panic buying is probably a given, thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words asfar as possible. How to Be a Successful Team Leader? Every well-organized team needs to have an outstanding leader with specific skills. Sometimes the leader’s abilities can come to affect the whole team. Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills. A team consists of both leaders and followers. Neither side can exist and work effectively without the other. What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. Meanwhile, everyone on a team also desires personal success, so a balance can be hard to strike. If a leader doesn’t have fierce determination, the followers will lose their confidence and things will not be done well. What’s more, a successful and charming leader ought to be able to handle interpersonal relationships well. They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. These kinds of leaders are trustworthy, and thus, the working atmosphere will only come to be improved. They are role models who can have a strong influence on the whole team. To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. If you find it hard to express your ideas clearly to those who you collaborate with, it may be rather difficult for you to be a good leader. It’s a well-known fact that, whatever field you wish to work in, leadership skills are necessary for anyone who desires to have a successful career. So it’s never too early to train yourselves as promising future leaders. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．（23-24高二上·上海青浦·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Gratitude Is Good for You? Gratitude is more than just saying ‘thank you’ to someone who has helped us or given us a gift. Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something that makes us feel a positive emotion. And this positive emotion can be good for our health -- our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. Let’s start by looking at the emotional or mental health benefits of expressing gratitude. There have been many studies, as described in a 2018 paper from the Greater Good Science Center titled ‘The Science of Gratitude’, showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person or writing in a gratitude journal, if done regularly, improves mental health. It is because gratitude stops us from thinking about toxic, negative emotions, and writing a ‘thank you’ letter, for example, shifts our attention so that we focus on positive emotions. But even if we don’t share our writing with anyone, like in a journal, the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and more satisfied with life. And this gets better with time. So, the more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel. Gratitude can also make us feel good in our bodies. There are studies linking a gratitude practice to better sleep quality, better eating habits, and reduced inflammation in people who have had heart problems. So gratitude is clearly good for us, but is it also good for the people in our lives? The simple answer is ‘yes’. When shared — spoken or written — gratitude is about feeling valued and helping others feel valued too. Feeling valued can help build stronger relationships — be it with family, partners, friends or even colleagues. And that’s on top of all the other ways gratitude is clearly good for us. Maybe we should all stop counting sheep or counting calories and start counting our blessings instead. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in NO MORE THAN 60 WORDS. Use your own words as far as possible. Scrabble Scrabble is a crossword game. There is a board, a bag full of letter tiles, and small racks (架子) to put the tiles on. Letters like Q, X and Z are not common in English words. They are worth more points than common letters like E, S and N. For example, “E” is worth only 1 point and there are many “E” tiles. The letter “Q” is worth 5 points and there are only two “Q” tiles. The game begins with all the letter tiles in a bag. This way, the players can’t see the tiles. Each player takes seven tiles and puts them on the rack in front of him or her. The players can’t see each other’s tiles. The Scrabble board has many squares. In turn, players try to make words with their tiles and put them on the squares. The words can only go up and down or left to right. The first player puts down a word, and it must cover the star in the centre of the board. The player must take new tiles to replace the ones used to make the word. The next player must make a word using the word that is on the board. To find the score, players add up the value of each tile in a word. For example, the letters “S”, “T” and “A” are each worth 1 point. So the word “sat” is worth 3 points. The pink and blue squares have a special value, too. For example, if the “Q” tile is on a triple-letter square, then it would be 15 points, not just 5 points. If the word “sat’ is on the double=word square, then it is worth 6 points. The game continues until all the tiles have been used and no player can make any new words on the board. The highest score wins! ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．（22-23高二上·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is Deep-Sea Exploration Worth the Money? People are generally more enthusiastic about space, but the oceans hold the solutions to some of the biggest problems of the twenty-first century. We must continue to invest in exploration of the deep sea so that we can take advantage of its benefits. The deep seas contain resources that could bring improvements in the field of medicine. Antibiotics are becoming less effective in the treatment of illnesses, and scientists think that the plant life in the deep oceans may provide a solution. They hope to develop new medicines that will make it possible to fight disease for years to come. Some substances produced from deep-sea plants are already being used in improved medical testing procedures. Recognizing the importance of this research, the 2008 Nobel Committee awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry to scientists in this area. At a time when existing forms of fuel are limited the deep oceans could provide new sources of fuel. For more than 50 years, oil companies have been drilling in areas like the North Sea. Realizing that these offshore resources will not last forever, oil companies are now considering other sources including the huge amounts of oil beneath the ocean bed. However, extracting it safely will require major advancements in technology. Another possible deep-sea fuel source on the ocean floor in the form of ice crystals, scientists believe, could be a fuel source for the future. Finally, using the deep sea for the disposal of nuclear waste is a controversial issue that needs to be explored further. Some organizations have proposed dropping nuclear waste into the deepest parts of the ocean and sealing it into the ocean floor. Many scientists claim that this process would involve less danger to the environment than current storage methods. These are just three of the many ways in which leaning about the deep ocean may change our lives for the better. Such advances in our knowledge justify the expense of carrying out deep-sea research. The demand for land is only continuing to grow. The time has come when 70% of our planet covered by water is just too big to ignore. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．（21-22高二上·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 80 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Caves are important in many areas of science. Earth scientists study how rock forms and changes in caves. Biologists visit caves, too, to learn about the unusual species that live in them. However, caves are important for another reason. On the walls of some caves are paintings. They were made by people who lived thousands of years ago. Some of the earliest paintings, like the ones in EL Castillo Cave in Spain, are forty thousand years old. Some are outlines of hands or simple designs. Others show animals or people hunting. They were painted using natural red, orange, white and black minerals. These works of art connect us with people who lived long ago. Interestingly, most of these cave paints were not found by scientists. They were found by people exploring caves for fun. For example, the cave paintings in Lascaux, France, were found in 1940 by a group of boys. They had no idea that the pictures they found on the walls of the cave were over seventeen thousand years old. Over the years, people have found these types of amazing paintings in sites all over the world. You can explore these caves, too. Some have become very popular tourist sites. They are easy to visit and have underground tours for the public. However, exploring other caves can be more difficult. You must be careful, and you need to be prepared for cold, darkness and danger. And you might have to walk through mud or water. Dress warmly and bring special equipment, such as helmet with a light. But these underground worlds are so fascinating that it is worth the trouble. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9．（21-22高二上·上海奉贤·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible. Have you ever heard your own voice played back? Other people hear us differently from how we hear ourselves.The same is true of how we see ourselves.Each of us has a different self-concept. Our self-concept is the view you have of yourself. It may or may not mirror the way other people view you. This much is clear. Having a positive self-concept is an important part of good mental health. Your self-concept starts forming when you are very young. Parents or guardians are the first and greatest influence. How they speak to you and treat you have a lasting effect. Grandparents sisters, brothers, and relatives have an effect too.Your skills and abilities also shape your self-concept. You may see yourself as a good basketball player or a good singer.You may feel you are good at writing stories but average in math. How you view your talents and abilities influences your overall self-concept. Developing a positive self-concept is an important part of emotional health.Focus on your strengths rather than your weaknesses. When you focus on your weaknesses, you may begin to feel that you are not good at anything. Instead, identify what you do well and what you enjoy doing This will help you develop a positive self-concept. Seeing yourself in a positive way will help you feel good about yourself. Family members, friends, and teachers reinforce,or support your self-concept through messages. Some of the messages from people around you are spoken or written. Others take the form of looks or gestures."Way to go!" is an example of a positive word message.You may think you did well on a school project. Having your Parent or teacher tell you that you did a good job reinforces your belief.Keep in mind that sending positive messages is a two-way street. When you support others, they are likely to support you, too. 10．（21-22高二上·上海奉贤·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Pushing Back School Starting Times It's January. The outdoor temperature has fallen below 5C in the morning. Have you ever complained that you still have to get up at 6 a. m. and arrive at school before 7 am? Do you wish you could have a long nice lie-in? You are not alone if your answer is "Yes!" In the United States, many high school students are unhappy with their school starting times, too. That may soon change. Last October, Gavin Newsom, California's governor, signed a law that sets a limit on starting times of half-past eight for high-schoolers and eight o'clock for middle schoolers, hoping students will benefit form their extra time in bed. Sleep deprivation is associated with problems in attention, behavior and learning. A research review by the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(C．D．C．)finds that later school starting times can lead to less falling asleep in class. The change can also help improve students' attendance and grades. Many parents, however, are strongly opposed to such changes. Those who cannot start work later say they won't be able to drop their children off at school before they go to work. They also fear that later starting times will mean later ending times, resulting in fewer opportunities for their children to take part in after-school activities, hold part-time jobs and care for younger siblings. Supporters argue that there really is no significant reason not to do this. Anthony Portantino, the California senator who introduced the law, believes evidence of the change's benefits will soon win over opponents. He says, "I only see an overwhelming resistance to the change from adults—something many teenagers will be familiar with." ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11．（23-24高二上·上海杨浦·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Gen Z Is Leaving Cities for the Countryside In recent years, there has been a noticeable trend of Gen Z individuals relocating from cities to the countryside. This generation, born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, is known for its preference for experiences over material possessions and a desire to lead a more sustainable lifestyle. As a result, many young people are leaving urban areas in pursuit of a slower pace of life and closer connection with nature. The appeal of country living for Gen Z stems from multiple factors. Firstly, it offers a slower pace of life, which can be a welcome change from the hustle and bustle of city living. This can be particularly beneficial for those who struggle with anxiety or stress-related issues. Moreover, there is greater access to nature and outdoor activities such as hiking, camping and fishing. This not only promotes physical health but also helps to develop a deeper connection with the natural world. Also, living in the countryside often means lower living costs and less competition for jobs, making it an attractive option for those just starting out in their careers. Some believe that technology has completely captured the attention of the younger generation, and they are therefore reluctant to leave the conveniences and excitement of the modern city. Actually, it is precisely this technological advancement that has facilitated the shift towards rural living among Gen Z. With remote work becoming increasingly common, young adults are no longer tied to urban centers for employment. They can work from anywhere with a reliable internet connection. Additionally, social media platforms have made it easier for individuals to share their rural lifestyles and connect with others who have similar interests. This virtual community fosters a sense of belonging and encourages young people to explore and appreciate the natural beauty of countryside. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12．（21-22高二上·上海·期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The dangers of safety Travelling by road is widely accepted as being the most dangerous way to travel with far more deaths per kilometer than rail, sea or air. In fact, while road traffic injuries represent about 25% of worldwide injury-related deaths, deaths on the road in the UK have been decreasing for some time. We take a look at why the number is decreasing, but why it seems impossible to avoid deaths completely. Over the years, different methods of reducing the number of crashes have been tried. The Locomotive and Highways Act of 1865 introduced the idea of speed limits to the motoring world. Since then, more and more ways of controlling the behaviour of drivers have been introduced such as one-way streets and traffic signals as well as compulsory driver testing and licensing. These days, there are many more methods of enforcement, including speed cameras and fines for breaking motor laws. Another solution is to make cars themselves safer in case of an accident. This means the main focus has been on passive safety or crash survival rather than active safety or avoiding crashes. There are many innovations by motor manufacturers, which have made cars safer, such as seat belts, anti-lock brakes and airbags. These improvements have tended to make the driver feel more in control and isolated him/her from the fast-moving and dangerous environment outside the car. It seems strange that as improvements have been made the number of crashes continues to increase. Actually, it is wrong to talk about safe and dangerous cars in this way. The key to this problem is not actually the car, but the driver. In fact, making drivers feel safer is not the solution to the problem, but it is the cause of the problem. As drivers feel safer, it encourages them to drive aggressively and to ignore other road users and therefore increases the number of crashes ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$