专题02 完形填空12篇（期末真题好题速递）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末真题分类汇编（上海专用）

专题02 完形填空12篇 （23-24高二上·上海·期末）She wants to be a singer; you think she should go for a long-term career with job security and eventually retire with a good pension. But a new report suggests that in fact she’s the practical one. Why do parents make terrible careers 1 ? Today’s 14 and 15-year-olds are 2 . They are optimistic about their prospects, but their career ideas are rather 3 . Although 80% of them have no intention of following in their parents’ footsteps, 69% still 4 their parents for advice. They look at their working future in a different way to their parents. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is 5 but pays the bills. In the past, this might have counted as bad news. Certainly when I was 15, my guidance counselors were horrified at my plans to become a writer. I’m glad I didn’t change my plans to suit them. But the world has changed. The global economy is not 6 to yesterday’s diligent and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the initiative. This means it is not 7 being unrealistic that a 14-year-old sees her working future as a kind of 8 to be made up as she goes along. 9 , she has to have the training and guidance to help her develop the right skills for today’s market. Many young people 10 that redundancy (冗余), downsizing (裁员) and freelancing (自由职业) are all part of modern working life, but no one is telling them how they might be able to turn the new rules of the 11 game to their advantage. This is what they need to know if they are to make a life for themselves. So what is to be done? A good first step would be to 12 the way in which schools prepare young people or adult life. The education system is becoming less flexible and sticks more to traditional skills at just the time that the job market is going in the 13 direction. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to 14 all the advice that your parents gave you, and step into your teenager’s shoes. Give them the courage to follow their dreams ---- however odd they might sound right now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, ambition is a terrible thing to 15 . 1．A．advisers B．planners C．reformers D．pursuers 2．A．curious B．ambitious C．depressed D．unrealistic 3．A．inspiring B．clear C．changeable D．vague 4．A．turn to B．turn up C．turn out D．turn into 5．A．well-paid B．temporary C．boring D．rewarding 6．A．common B．opposed C．kind D．devoted 7．A．normally B．necessarily C．nearly D．generally 8．A．adventure B．terminal C．destiny D．reality 9．A．Finally B．Instead C．Therefore D．However 10．A．claim B．declare C．conclude D．perceive 11．A．competition B．employment C．knowledge D．modernization 12．A．translate B．transport C．transform D．transfer 13．A．opposite B．former C．regular D．inevitable 14．A．take B．forget C．recall D．spoil 15．A．inherit B．keep C．simplify D．waste 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了父母在为孩子选择职业时往往给出不切实际的建议，而现在的孩子需要为多变的市场做准备，追求自己的梦想。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为什么父母做糟糕的职业顾问？A. advisers顾问；B. planners计划者；C. reformers改革者；D. pursuers追求者。根据上文“She wants to be a singer; you think she should go for a long-term career with job security and eventually retire with a good pension.”可知，父母和孩子的职业想法不同，因此父母可能是糟糕的职业顾问。故选A。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在的14、15岁的孩子是很有抱负的。A. curious好奇的；B. ambitious有抱负的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. unrealistic不切实际的。根据后文“They are optimistic about their prospects”可知，他们对前景很乐观，因此是很有抱负的。故选B。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们对自己的前景很乐观，但是他们的职业想法是相当模糊的。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. clear清晰的；C. changeable多变的；D. vague模糊的。根据but可知，虽然他们对自己的前景很乐观，但他们对职业想法是不确定的，非常的模糊。故选D。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管80%的人不打算追随父母的脚步，但69%的人仍然会向父母寻求建议。A. turn to转向，求助；B. turn up出现，调大；C. turn out结果是，证明是；D. turn into变成。根据Although以及空后“their parents for advice”可知，尽管很多青少年不打算追随父母的脚步，但他们会向父母寻求建议。故选A。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一份没有前途但稳定却无聊工作，可以支付账单，也不在他们的考虑范围内。A. well-paid薪水高的；B. temporary暂时的；C. boring无聊的；D. rewarding有回报的。根据空前“neither is a dead-end but secure job”可知，这份工作很稳定，对于年轻人来说也很无聊。故选C。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：全球经济对昨天勤奋可靠的工人并不友好。A. common普通的；B. opposed反对的；C. kind善良的；D. devoted忠诚的，献身的。根据下文“The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the initiative.”可知，未来属于思维敏捷、足智多谋、有抱负并能采取主动的人，因此全球经济对那种勤奋可靠的工人不太友好。故选C。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这意味着，一个14岁的孩子把她未来的工作看作是一种随着她的成长而逐渐形成的冒险，这并不一定是不切实际的。A. normally正常地；B. necessarily必然地；C. nearly几乎；D. generally通常。根据下“that a 14-year-old sees her working future as a kind of  ___8___  to be made up as she goes along”可知，青少年在成长中不断地去冒险，他们对于职业的想法不一定是不切实际的，not necessarily“不一定”。故选B。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着，一个14岁的孩子把她未来的工作看作是一种随着她的成长而逐渐形成的冒险，这并不一定是不切实际的。A. adventure冒险；B. terminal终端；C. destiny命运；D. reality现实。根据空后“to be made up as she goes along”可知，这是随着她的成长而逐渐形成的，因此像是一种冒险。故选A。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，她必须接受培训和指导，以帮助她培养适合当今市场的技能。A. Finally最后；B. Instead相反；C. Therefore因此；D. However然而。根据上文“This means it is not ___7___ being unrealistic that a 14-year-old sees her working future as a kind of ___8___ to be made up as she goes along.”可知，一个14岁的孩子对未来的职业想法并不是不切实际的，但他们必须接受培训和指导。上文和下文形成转折关系，因此用副词However。故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多年轻人意识到裁员、缩减规模和自由职业都是现代工作生活的一部分，但没有人告诉他们如何将这些新规则转化为自己的优势。A. claim声称；B. declare宣布；C. conclude得出结论；D. perceive意识到。根据后文“but no one is telling them how they might be able to turn the new rules of the ___11___ game to their advantage”可知，没有人告诉他们，因此是他们自己意识到的。故选D。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多年轻人意识到裁员、缩减规模和自由职业都是现代工作生活的一部分，但没有人告诉他们如何将这些新规则转化为自己的优势。A. competition竞争；B. employment就业，雇佣；C. knowledge知识；D. modernization现代化。根据上文“redundancy (冗余), downsizing (裁员) and freelancing (自由职业)”可知，“裁员、缩减规模和自由职业”这些都是和就业有关的。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个好的第一步将是改变学校为年轻人或成年人的生活做准备的方式。A. translate翻译；B. transport运输；C. transform改变；D. transfer转移。根据下文“The education system is becoming less flexible”可知，教育系统正在变得不那么灵活，因此需要改变学校为年轻人或成年人的生活做准备的方式。故选C。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在就业市场朝着相反的方向发展的时候，教育系统却变得不那么灵活，更加坚持传统技能。A. opposite相反的；B. former以前的；C. regular常规的；D. inevitable不可避免的。根据上文“The education system is becoming less flexible”可知，教育系统正在变得不那么灵活，而就业市场却朝着相反的方向发展。故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最好的办法是忘记父母给你的所有建议，站在青少年的立场上。A. take拿走；B. forget忘记；C. recall回忆；D. spoil破坏。根据下文“and step into your teenager’s shoes”可知，要站在孩子的立场上，因此需要忘记父母给的所有建议。故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个几乎没有人享有经济保障的世界里，雄心壮志是不应该浪费的。A. inherit继承；B. keep保持；C. simplify简化；D. waste浪费。根据上文“Give them the courage to follow their dreams”可知，要给他们追求梦想的勇气，因为雄心壮志是不应该浪费的。故选D。 （23-24高二下·上海杨浦·期末）                                                                                              Our Extraordinary Brains The 1.4-kilogram organ inside each person's head is the most complex part of the human body. This remarkable organ, the brain, not only 1 body movements and shapes people's behavior but also decodes sensory inputs and is the seat of intelligence. These facts have been scientifically proven, but a lot of what we believe about the brain is based on 2 . What percentage of your brain do you actually use? The statistic that has been circulating for about a century is 10 percent, sometimes 20, suggesting that we haven't fully tapped into our full mental 3 . But that is merely a misconception. While our brains do have some reserves, scans have shown that a large portion of our brains are 4 in even the simplest of tasks. If you're artistic, you might   5 that you are mostly drawing upon the right side of your brain. If you're logical, you may have been led to believe you favor your left brain. While both of these hemispheres (脑半球) do exist, one is not considered to be 6 over the other. They are intricately (错综复杂地) connected, with both hemispheres 7 in all mental activities. Parents want “smart” children and perhaps have heard that playing classical music to their unborn child or to their infant increases their chances of being intelligent. However, a (n) 8 analysis of relevant studies fails to establish a direct correlation between brain development and 9 to classical music. Many believe that a person's genes totally determine intelligence. While genetics   10 plays an important role, other factors such as nutrition, education, home environment, and available resources also 11 significantly. The topic of a child's capability to learn multiple languages at the same time has sparked   12 debate. The belief that children will   13 languages and not develop any language properly has been the basis for educational policies for years. 14 to this belief, evidence indicates that young children gain a better knowledge of language structures overall when learning two languages simultaneously. Such myths have persisted for ages, 15 never-ending discussions. Yet one unquestionable truth remains: the brain is truly an amazing organ. 1．A．expands B．initiates C．follows D．reflects 2．A．fiction B．fact C．theory D．statistics 3．A．confusion B．comfort C．capacity D．stability 4．A．engaged B．buried C．wrapped D．absorbed 5．A．guarantee B．indicate C．demonstrate D．assume 6．A．superior B．senior C．dominant D．crucial 7．A．involving B．cooperating C．transforming D．disturbing 8．A．abstract B．comprehensive C．sensitive D．efficient 9．A．exposure B．approach C．objection D．response 10．A．unexpectedly B．exceptionally C．undoubtedly D．continuously 11．A．suffer B．clarify C．contribute D．interact 12．A．outstanding B．considerable C．desperate D．optimistic 13．A．mix up B．give up C．back up D．pick up 14．A．Relevant B．Similar C．Familiar D．Contrary 15．A．submitting B．generating C．indicating D．advocating 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了很多关于大脑的虚构看法。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个非凡的器官，大脑，不仅启动身体运动和塑造人们的行为，而且还解码感官输入，是智力的所在地。A. expands扩大；B. initiates开启；C. follows跟随；D. reflects反映。根据下文“body movements”和常识可知人的大脑是启动身体运动的，故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些事实已经得到了科学证明，但我们对大脑的很多看法都是基于虚构的。A. fiction虚构；B. fact事实；C. theory理论；D. statistics统计学。根据上文“These facts have been scientifically proven, but a lot of what we believe about the brain is based on”可知，本句和上文为转折关系，所以设空处和上文的科学证明相反，所以应该是虚构的，故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：已经流传了大约一个世纪的统计数据是10%，有时是20%，这表明我们还没有充分发挥自己的心智能力。A. confusion困惑；B. comfort安慰；C. capacity能力，容量；D. stability稳定。根据上文“What percentage of your brain do you actually use? The statistic that has been circulating for about a century is 10 percent, sometimes 20, suggesting that we haven't fully tapped into our full mental”可知，流传我们的大脑只被使用了10%或者20%，所以说大脑的能力并未得到充分发挥，故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们的大脑确实有一些储备，但扫描显示，即使是最简单的任务，我们大脑的很大一部分也会参与其中。A. engaged参与；B. buried埋藏；C. wrapped包，裹；D. absorbed吸收。根据上文“But that is merely a misconception. While our brains do have some reserves, scans have shown that a large portion of our brains”可知，大脑能力没有得到充分发挥只是一种误解，所以最简单的任务，我们大脑的很大一部分也会参与其中，故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你是艺术家，你可能会认为你主要是在用右脑画画。A. guarantee保证；B. indicate暗示；C. demonstrate证明；D. assume假设，认为。根据下文“If you're logical, you may have been led to believe you favor your left brain.”可知，这里应和believe意思相对应，表示“相信，认为”，故选D。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个大脑半球确实存在，但人们并不认为其中一个半球比另一个半球占优势。A. superior优良的；B. senior地位高的；C. dominant占优势的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据上文“While both of these hemispheres (脑半球) do exist, one is not considered to be”以及下文“They are intricately (错综复杂地) connected, with both hemispheres 　　7　　 in all mental activities.”可知，两个大脑半球是相互合作的，所以人们不认为其中一个半球比另一个半球占优势，故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们错综复杂地联系在一起，两个大脑半球在所有的心理活动中都相互合作。A. involving包含；B. cooperating合作；C. transforming转换；D. disturbing打扰。根据上文“They are intricately (错综复杂地) connected”可知，两个大脑半球错综复杂地联系在一起，所以它们应该相互合作，故选B。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，对相关研究的全面分析未能建立大脑发育与接触古典音乐之间的直接联系。A. abstract抽象的；B. comprehensive全面的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. efficient效率高的。根据上文“Parents want “smart” children and perhaps have heard that playing classical music to their unborn child or to their infant increases their chances of being intelligent.”和下文“relevant studies fails to establish a direct correlation between brain development and 　　9　　 to classical music.”可知，是进行全面的分析之后才能得出结论，故选B。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. exposure接触；B. approach方法；C. objection反对；D. response反应。根据上文“Parents want “smart” children and perhaps have heard that playing classical music to their unborn child or to their infant increases their chances of being intelligent.”可知，应是指研究是有关接触音乐和大脑发育有没有直接的联系，故选A。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然遗传无疑起着重要作用，但营养、教育、家庭环境和可用资源等其他因素也起着重要作用。A. unexpectedly未预料到的；B. exceptionally异常地；C. undoubtedly无疑地；D. continuously持续地。根据上文“Many believe that a person's genes totally determine intelligence.”和常识可知，遗传无疑起着重要作用，故选C。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. suffer忍受；B. clarify澄清；C. contribute促成，贡献；D. interact互动。根据本句“While genetics  　　10　　 plays an important role, other factors such as nutrition, education, home environment, and available resources also”可知，上下文是转折关系，营养、教育、家庭环境和可用资源等其他因素也有帮助，故选C。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子同时学习多种语言的能力这个话题引发了相当大的争论。A. outstanding突出的；B. considerable相当大/多的；C. desperate绝望的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据下文“The belief that children will 　　13　　 languages and not develop any language properly has been the basis for educational policies for years. 　　14　　 to this belief, evidence indicates that young children gain a better knowledge of language structures overall when learning two languages simultaneously.”可知，举例两种不同的观点，所以关于这个话题有很多讨论，故选B。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：多年来，儿童会混淆语言，无法正确发展任何一门语言的信念一直是教育政策的基础。A. mix up混淆；B. give up放弃；C. back up支持；D. pick up拿起。根据下文“not develop any language properly has been the basis for educational policies”可知，儿童无法正确发展任何一门语言，也就是会混淆语言，故选A。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与这种观点相反，有证据表明，幼儿在同时学习两种语言时，对语言结构的整体认识会更好。A. Relevant相关的；B. Similar相似的；C. Familiar熟悉的；D. Contrary相反的。根据下文“evidence indicates that young children gain a better knowledge of language structures overall when learning two languages simultaneously.”可知，和上文观点相反，故选D。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样的神话已经存在了很长时间，引发了永无止境的讨论。A. submitting提交；B. generating产生，引起；C. producing生产；D. advocating提倡。根据上文“Such myths have persisted for ages”可知，关于大脑的神秘有很多种观点，所以引发了永无止境的讨论，故选B。 （23-24高二上·上海·期末）Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we’ve just watched or books we’ve just finished reading, but plain and simple 1 . Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 2 do with it? We gossip. About others’ behaviour and private lives, such as who’s doing what with whom, who’s in and who’s out—and why; how to deal with difficult 3 situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues. So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural 4 , of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 5 issues. Dunbar 6 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar— 7 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip. Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 8 of the higher primates(灵长类动物) like monkeys. By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 9 from outside it. As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 10 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 11 it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to 12 the pressure and calm everybody down. But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 13 to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 14 kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 15 contact. 1．A．gesture B．gossip C．description D．recognition 2．A．occasionally B．habitually C．discreetly D．originally 3．A．historical B．natural C．social D．cultural 4．A．wasters B．users C．masters D．owners 5．A．witty B．vivid C．vital D．worthless 6．A．supposes B．rejects C．highlights D．outlines 7．A．on the contrary B．for instance C．in addition D．as a result 8．A．comprehension B．appearance C．motivation D．behaviour 9．A．contact B．attack C．assistance D．trick 10．A．concludes B．recalls C．requires D．confesses 11．A．protection B．prospect C．responsibility D．promise 12．A．echo B．blame C．ease D．preserve 13．A．established B．extended C．earned D．consumed 14．A．efficient B．scientific C．considerate D．common 15．A．regular B．independent C．widespread D．physical 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们语言的大多数不是重大的话题讨论和研究，而是闲言碎语，而Dunbar教授认为这些闲言碎语不是在浪费时间，而是对语言的发展很重要。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，人类对话的三分之二都不是关于文化、政治的话题，也不是我们看过的热门电影和读过的书，而是简单的闲聊。A. gesture姿势；B. gossip闲聊；C. description描述；D. recognition识别。根据后文“We gossip.”的词义复现可知，本文主要讲述关于闲聊的话题，故此处指人类对话的三分之二都是简单的闲聊，故选B。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：语言是我们这个物种最宝贵的财富，而我们通常用语言干什么呢？A. occasionally偶尔，不时；B. habitually通常；C. discreetly谨慎地；D. originally原始地。根据前文“Language is our greatest treasure as a species”可知，语言是我们宝贵的财富，我们无时无刻不使用语言，故此处指我们通常用语言来干什么，故选B。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：怎样处理有关孩子、爱人以及同事的复杂社交关系。A. historical历史的；B. natural自然的；C. social社会的；D. cultural文化的。根据空后“involving children, lovers, and colleagues.”可知，涉及到孩子、爱人和同事，这些都是属于社交方面，故选C。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们只是时间和话语的天然浪费者吗？A. wasters浪费者；B. users使用者；C. masters大师；D. owners拥有着。根据空后“of both time and words?”可知，闲聊是一种对时间和语言的浪费，不涉及任何重要的信息，故此处指我们是时间和语言的浪费者。故选A。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在其新书《装扮、闲聊和语言的演化》中，这位心理学家说，闲聊恰恰是最重要的事情之一。A. witty风趣的；B. vivid生动的；C. vital重要的；D. worthless无价值的。根据前文“Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar.”可知，前文反问，我们热衷于八卦是因为我们天生喜欢浪费时间和口舌，还是说只是为了逃避更重要的事？而Professor Robin Dunbar 反对这一观点，故Dunbar教授认为闲聊是很重要的事情，故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dunbar不同意语言是人类在社会发展的早期阶段为了更有效地组织男人的狩猎活动乃至促进有关自身起源和超自然力量的诗歌故事的交流而发展起来的传统看法。A. supposes认为；B. rejects反对，拒绝；C. highlights强调；D. outlines概述。根据后文“Instead he suggests that language evolved among women.”可知，与此相反，他暗示语言是在女人之间演化形成的，故他不同意这个观点，故选B。 7．考查短语词义辨析。句意：正因为我们有说话的能力，所以我们不可以花三分之二的时间去闲聊，Dunbar则争辩道——恰恰相反，他继续说，语言的演化正是为了满足我们闲聊的需要。A. on the contrary相反；B. for instance比如说；C. in addition此外，而且；D. as a result因此。根据空前“We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk”和空后“language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.”可知，空前提到的“我们不可以花三分之二的时间去闲聊”与空后“语言的演化正是为了满足我们闲聊的需要。”为两种相反的观点，故选A。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过研究猴子之类的灵长类动物的行为，Dunbar获得了很有趣的理论。A. comprehension理解力；B. appearance外貌；C. motivation动力；D. behaviour行为。根据后文“By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it”可知，猴子通过装扮——梳理清洁皮毛，这是猴子的行为，故选D。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：猴子通过装扮——梳理清洁皮毛，与其他个体形成了群组，这样当群组内部发生某种冲突时，或者遭受来自外部的攻击时，他们可以相互支持。A. contact联系，沟通；B. attack攻击；C. assistance帮助；D. trick诡计。根据空前“in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or”可知，故此处应用conflict并列，故指他们在发生冲突，或者受到外部攻击时会相互支持，故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dunbar得出结论，鉴于我们人类由灵长类动物的某个特定的分支进化而来， 因此在历史上我们也曾经历过类似阶段。A. concludes得出结论；B. recalls回忆；C. requires要求；D. confesses承认，招供。根据空前“As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family”可知，因为我们人类由灵长类动物的某个特定的分支进化而来，故这使得Dunbar得出结论，在历史上我们也曾经历过类似阶段，故选A。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：组织在一起才有意义，因为群组越大，它所能提供的保护就越可靠。A. protection保护；B. prospect前景；C. responsibility责任；D. promise承诺。根据前文“monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support”可知，猴子通过形成群组而相互支持，故此处指群组越大，提供的保护就越可靠，故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，群组越大，和他人紧密生活在一起的压力也越大。装扮会帮助缓解压力，平复每个人的情绪。A. echo发出回声；B. blame责备；C. ease减轻，缓解；D. preserve保护；根据前文“the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others.”可知，群组越大，和他人紧密生活在一起的压力也越大，故装扮会帮助缓解压力，故选C。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随着群组变得越来越大，为了维持其效能，用在装扮活动上的时间也要延长。A. established建立；B. extended延长；C. earned获得；D. consumed消费。根据前文“as the groups got bigger and bigger”可知，随着群组变得越来越大，那么花在装扮活动上的时间就越长，故此处指需要延长这些时间，故选B。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，需要一种更有效的装扮形式，由此语言作为一种有声的装扮形式应运而生，它允许人们通过在一个更宽的个体网络上交换信息，与较以往更大的群组发展关系，这种方式比一对一的身体接触方式更有可能实现。A. efficient有效率的；B. scientific科学的；C. considerate考虑周到的，体贴的；D. common常见的。根据前文“But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 　　13　　 to maintain its effectiveness.”可知，但随着群组变得越来越大，为了维持其效能，用在装扮活动上的时间也要延长，因此也就需要更有效的装扮方式，故选A。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. regular有规律的；B. independent独立的；C. widespread广泛的；D. physical身体上的。根据前文“By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 　　9　　 from outside it.”可知，猴子通过相互整理毛发这一过程中结成群体，获取帮助和支持。而随着群体规模的扩大，一对一地梳理毛发这以形式不再适应现实，语言作为一种有声的形式应运而生，故此处指相互整理毛发这一身体上的接触的行为，故选D。 （23-24高二上·上海浦东新·期末）Today’s youth will drive tomorrow’s growth. Young people have always confused their elders. Today’s youngsters are no different. They have thin wallets but 1 tastes. They long for authenticity while being constantly immersed in an artificial digital world. They 2 convenience and abundance. As they start spending in earnest, brands are trying to understand what these walking paradoxes (悖论) 3 and how they shop. The answers will define the next era of consumerism. A good place to start analyzing the psyche of young consumer is to consider the 4 that has shaped them. At one end of the scale, today’s 30-somethings came of age in the midst of the global financial crisis of 2007-2009. Their younger peers were slightly 5 , beginning their careers in years when tightening labour markets had pushed up wages until the covid-19 pandemic turned many of their lives upside down. These two big 6 have contributed to pessimism among the young people who experienced them. A study found a widespread 7 among Gen Zs that they would be able to afford to retire. Less than half believed they would ever own a home. In many ways youngsters’ shopping habits, like their lives, are defined by the “ 8 economy”. The popularity of social media means there are many new ways of attracting consumers’ eyeballs. Most young shoppers never knew a world without smartphones. More than two-thirds of 18- to 34-year-old Americans spend four hours or more on their devices each day. These “always-on purchasers” often avoid a weekly shop so that they can have quicker 9 of everything from fashion to furniture. They like subscriptions, often favoring shared access to products over outright ownership, which has 10 online-rental sites and streaming services. The internet has also changed how the young discover brands. Print, billboard or TV advertising has 11 social media. Instagram and TikTok are where the young look for inspiration, particularly for goods where 12 matter, such as beauty, fashion, and sportswear. 13 physical shops are not entirely out of favor. They can be successful as long as the experience feels personal and, ideally, integrates virtual and physical worlds. How the young shop is clearly shifting. What they buy, too, is changing. What older generations consider optional, such as wellness and luxury, has become 14 for the young. More broadly, young consumers claim to be more 15 than previous generations. Some of these values are centered around identity (race, gender and so on). Others stem from things the young care about, such as climate change. 1．A．pleasant B．expensive C．mild D．refreshing 2．A．prize B．boast C．mix D．challenge 3．A．recycle B．desire C．deliver D．package 4．A．education B．institution C．family D．economy 5．A．busier B．luckier C．stronger D．calmer 6．A．reforms B．ends C．trends D．shocks 7．A．doubt B．opposition C．criticism D．ignorance 8．A．bubble B．attention C．knowledge D．green 9．A．refunds B．possessions C．fixes D．trials 10．A．approved B．facilitated C．reversed D．updated 11．A．made peace with B．made up for C．run parallel to D．given way to 12．A．looks B．scents C．textures D．atmospheres 13．A．However B．Hence C．Apparently D．Otherwise 14．A．souvenirs B．essentials C．memories D．treasures 15．A．dream-connected B．hobbies-motivated C．values-driven D．money-focused 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．A 14．B 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了年轻人的购物方式和购买物品的变化原因、影响和表现。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们钱包很薄，但品味昂贵。A. pleasant令人愉快的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. mild温和的；D. refreshing令人耳目一新的。根据前文的“They have thin wallets”和表示转折的连词but可知，他们钱很少，但是喜欢的东西很昂贵。故选B项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们看重便利和富足。A. prize珍视，看重；B. boast自夸；C. mix混合；D. challenge挑战。根据后文的“convenience and abundance”可知，他们看重便利和富足。故选A项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着他们开始认真消费，各大品牌正试图了解这些“行走的悖论”想要什么，以及他们的购物方式。A. recycle回收；B. desire渴望，期望；C. deliver交付；D. package包裹。根据前文的“brands are trying to understand”可知，各大品牌试图了解这些年轻人想要什么，以便卖给他们。故选B项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：分析年轻消费者心理的一个好地方是考虑影响他们的经济。A. education教育；B. institution机构；C. family家族；D. economy经济。根据后文的“At one end of the scale, today’s 30-somethings came of age in the midst of the global financial crisis of 2007-2009. Their younger peers were slightly 5 , beginning their careers in years when tightening labour markets had pushed up wages until the covid-19 pandemic turned many of their lives upside down.”可知，这是对影响年轻消费者经济的具体分析，所以分析年轻消费者心理的一个好地方是考虑影响他们的经济。故选D项。 5．考查查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的年轻一代人稍微幸运一些，在他们开始职业生涯的几年里，劳动力市场紧缩推高了工资，直到covid-19大流行把他们的许多生活弄得天翻地覆。A. busier更忙的；B. luckier更幸运的；C. stronger更强的；D. calmer更冷静的。根据后文的“beginning their careers in years when tightening labour markets had pushed up wages”可知，劳动力市场紧缩推高了工资，所以这一代人更幸运。故选B项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这两大冲击加剧了经历过它们的年轻人的悲观情绪。A. reforms改革；B. ends末端；C. trends趋势；D. shocks冲击。根据前文的“tightening labour markets had pushed up wages until the covid-19 pandemic turned many of their lives upside down.”可知，推高了工资和covid-19大流行是对经历过它们的年轻人的两大冲击。故选D项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项研究发现，Z代人普遍怀疑自己是否能负担得起退休生活。A. doubt怀疑；B. opposition反对；C. criticism批评；D. ignorance无知。根据前文的“have contributed to pessimism among the young people who experienced them”可知，这些年轻人悲观，所以怀疑自己是否能负担得起退休生活。故选A项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在许多方面，年轻人的购物习惯，就像他们的生活一样，是由“注意力经济”决定的。A. bubble气泡；B. attention注意；C. knowledge知识；D. green绿色。根据后文的“The popularity of social media means there are many new ways of attracting consumers’ eyeballs.”可知，这些吸引消费者眼球的新方法之所以出现，是因为年轻人的购物习惯是由“注意力经济”决定的。故选B项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些“永远在线的买家”通常避免每周购物，这样他们就可以更快地解决从时装到家具的所有东西。A. refunds退款；B. possessions财产；C. fixes解决方法；D. trials试验。根据后文的“everything from fashion to furniture”可知，这些“永远在线的买家”通过在线购物，拥有生活中需要的东西，不需要每周购物。故选C项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们喜欢订阅，通常更喜欢分享产品的使用权，而不是完全拥有，这促进了在线租赁网站和流媒体服务。A. approved批准；B. facilitated促进，助长；C. reversed颠倒；D. updated更新。根据前文的“often favoring shared access to products over outright ownership”和后文“online-rental sites and streaming services.”可知，他们通常更喜欢分享产品的使用权，而不是完全拥有，这种做法促进了在线租赁网站和流媒体服务的发展。故选B项。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：印刷、广告牌或电视广告已经与社交媒体并驾齐驱。A. made peace with与……讲和；B. made up for弥补；C. run parallel to与……平行；D. given way to让位给。根据前文的“The internet has also changed how the young discover brands. Print, billboard or TV advertising”和后文“social media”可知，互联网的发展，使得年轻人发现品牌的方式发生变化，印刷、广告牌、电视广告、社交媒体这些都是发现品牌的方式。故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Instagram和TikTok是年轻人寻找灵感的地方，尤其是那些外表重要的商品，比如美容、时尚和运动服。A. looks外表；B. scents气味；C. textures口感；D. atmospheres气氛。根据后文的“such as beauty, fashion, and sportswear. ”可知，美容、时尚和运动服，这些都是与外表相关的东西。故选A项。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，实体店并非完全不受欢迎。A. However然而；B. Hence因此；C. Apparently显然；D. Otherwise否则。根据前文的“The internet has also changed how the young discover brands.”和后文“physical shops are not entirely out of favor”可知，这两句存在转折关系，互联网改变了年轻人发现品牌的方式，然而，实体店并非完全不受欢迎。故选A项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：健康和奢侈等老一辈人认为可有可无的东西，已成为年轻人的必需品。A. souvenirs纪念品；B. essentials必需品；C. memories记忆；D. treasures珍宝。根据前文的“What they buy, too, is changing. What older generations consider optional”可知，年轻人买的东西也在变化。健康和奢侈等老一辈人认为可有可无的东西，对于年轻人是必需品。故选B项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更广泛地说，年轻消费者声称比前几代人更受价值观驱动。A. dream-connected与梦想相连的；B. hobbies-motivated激发兴趣爱好的；C. values-driven价值观驱动的；D. money-focused以资金为中心的。根据后文的“Some of these values are centered around identity (race, gender and so on). Others stem from things the young care about, such as climate change.”可知，其中一些价值观以身份(种族、性别等)为中心。另一些则源于年轻人关心的事情，比如气候变化。所以，年轻消费者声称比前几代人更受价值观驱动。故选C项。 （23-24高二上·上海·期末）How Coronavirus Is Changing the Dating Game for the Better If you are single and dating, you are no doubt facing special challenges during this pandemic. But as a biological anthropologist (人类学家) who has spent some 40 years studying romantic love around the world and the brain activity of this ancient and universal human passion, I have come to recognize that in some ways, coronavirus has given you a 1 . Foremost, coronavirus has 2 things down. This pandemic has forced singles to return to a more traditional 3 : getting to know someone before falling in love. I am hopeful that the 4 mode of dating will give singles additional time to select a truly appropriate mate as well as enable romance to develop slowly — even flourish long term. Let’s look at some of the ways in which coronavirus has changed the dating game, and how those changes might provide some lasting benefits. Video Chats Are In During the second weekend of April, dating site Match.com asked members several questions about how they have changed their courtship habits since the world shut down. An astonishing 6,004 men and women 5 . And they are doing something new: video chatting. Before COVID-19, only six percent of these singles were using video chatting to court. Now, 69 percent are 6 to video chatting with a potential partner. And there are some real advantages to seeing these potential partners on FaceTime, Zoom, or some other internet 7 . We are walking billboards of who we are. Your haircut (or lack of haircut during these pandemic times), your preppy shirt, your revealing blouse ... All these and many more visible traits (特质) signal your 8 , education, and interests. 9 , specific brain regions respond almost 10 to assess two things about a likely mate: their personality and their physical appeal. We do this within seconds of seeing him or her. Time to Talk During the coronavirus lockdowns, many of you now have more time. You are not 11 in the morning, commuting to work, or meeting pals after office hours. Many of you have more time to talk. 12 , you have something important to talk about. During this pandemic, singles are likely to share far more 13 thoughts of fear and hope - and get to know vital things about a potential partner fast. Psychologists report that this 14 — the process of disclosing one’s innermost feelings, attitudes and experiences - promotes closeness, love and 15 . These are the foundation stones of a strong partnership. 1．A．concern B．gift C．theory D．promise 2．A．tied B．torn C．worn D．slowed 3．A．circle B．ceremony C．pattern D．method 4．A．rediscovered B．efficient C．creative D．unwanted 5．A．agreed B．declined C．replied D．engaged 6．A．linked B．open C．limited D．reduced 7．A．platform B．website C．connection D．access 8．A．experience B．taste C．partner D．background 9．A．Indeed B．Therefore C．Also D．However 10．A．completely B．instantly C．positively D．appropriately 11．A．dressing B．studying C．oversleeping D．video-chatting 12．A．Instead B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Moreover 13．A．meaningful B．comforting C．disturbing D．immediate 14．A．self-improvement B．self-reflection C．self-consciousness D．self-revelation 15．A．commitment B．favor C．partnership D．confidence 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．A 12．D 13．A 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了疫情如何让我们的爱情变得更美好，因为疫情改变了人们约会的方式，从而使得爱情更为长久稳固。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但作为一名生物人类学家，我花了大约40年的时间研究世界各地的浪漫爱情，以及这种古老而普遍的人类激情的大脑活动，我开始认识到，在某些方面，冠状病毒给了你一份礼物。A. concern担忧；B. gift礼物；C. theory理论；D. promise承诺。根据下文“Let’s look at some of the ways in which coronavirus has changed the dating game, and how those changes might provide some lasting benefits.”可知，文章主要讲述的是冠状病毒给爱情带来的好处。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，冠状病毒减缓了这一进程。A. tied系；B. torn撕；C. worn穿；D. slowed减慢。根据下文的“getting to know someone before falling in love.”可知，疫情使得人们能够有充足的时间了解对方，所以冠状病毒减缓了人们陷入爱河的进程。故选D。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场大流行迫使单身人士回归到一种更传统的方式：在坠入爱河之前先了解对方。A. circle圆圈；B. ceremony仪式；C. pattern模式；D. method方法。根据“getting to know someone before falling in love.”可知，这是一种更为传统的模式。故选C。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望这种重新发现的约会模式会给单身人士更多的时间来选择一个真正合适的伴侣，并使爱情慢慢发展——甚至长期繁荣。A. rediscovered重新发现的；B. efficient效率高的；C. creative有创造力的；D. unwanted不需要的。根据上文的“getting to know someone before falling in love.”可知，作者认为冠状病毒迫使人们有了了解对方的机会，也就是重新发现对方的各个方面的机会。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，有6004名男女回答了这个问题。A. agreed同意；B. declined下降、婉拒；C. replied回复；D. engaged从事、订婚。根据上文“During the second weekend of April, dating site Match.com asked members several questions about how they have changed their courtship habits since the world shut down.”可知，婚恋网站Match.com向会员询问了几个问题，因此是6004名男女回答了这个问题。故选C。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，69%的人愿意与潜在伴侣视频聊天。A. linked连接的；B. open打开的、开放的；C. limited有限的；D. reduced减少的。根据上文“Before COVID-19, only six percent of these singles were using video chatting to court.”可知，在COVID-19之前，只有6%的单身人士使用视频聊天来谈情说爱。而作为对比，现在有更多的人会选择与潜在伴侣视频聊天。故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在FaceTime、Zoom或其他互联网平台上看到这些潜在的合作伙伴确实有一些好处。A. platform平台；B. website网站；C. connection联系；D. access进入。根据空前所举的“FaceTime, Zoom”可知，这些都是社交平台。故选A。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有这些以及更多明显的特征都表明了你的背景、教育和兴趣。A. experience经历；B. taste品尝；C. partner搭档；D. background背景。根据上文的“Your haircut (or lack of haircut during these pandemic times), your preppy shirt, your revealing blouse”可知，你的发型(或者在疫情期间不剪头发)，你的学院风衬衫，你的暴露衬衫都在告知对方你的背景等等信息。故选D。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，特定的大脑区域几乎会立即做出反应，以评估潜在伴侣的两件事：他们的个性和外表吸引力。A. Indeed的确，实际上；B. Therefore因此；C. Also也；D. However然而。根据下文“specific brain regions respond almost ____10____ to assess two things about a likely mate: their personality and their physical appeal.”可知，这是对上文内容的再次肯定。故选A。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，特定的大脑区域几乎会立即做出反应，以评估潜在伴侣的两件事：他们的个性和外表吸引力。A. completely完全地；B. instantly立即；C. positively积极地；D. appropriately恰当地。根据下文“We do this within seconds of seeing him or her.”可知，这是在看见潜在伴侣的几秒钟之内做出的反应，所以是立即做出反应。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你不用在早上穿着打扮，不用上班，也不用下班后和朋友见面。A. dressing穿衣、打扮；B. studying学习；C. oversleeping睡过头；D. video-chatting视频聊天。根据常理推断，由于不需要外出上班，所以无需穿衣打扮。故选A。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：而且，你们有重要的事情要谈。A. Instead反而；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Moreover此外。根据上文“Many of you have more time to talk.”以及下文“you have something important to talk about.”可知，下文是上文内容的补充。故选D。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这次大流行期间，单身人士可能会分享更有意义的恐惧和希望的想法，并迅速了解潜在伴侣的重要情况。A. meaningful有意义的；B. comforting令人欣慰的；C. disturbing令人不安的；D. immediate立即。根据状语“During this pandemic”可知，在疫情期间，谈论恐惧和希望更具有意义。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家报告说，这种自我表露——揭示一个人内心深处的感受、态度和经历的过程——促进了亲密、爱和承诺。A. self-improvement自我提升；B. self-reflection自我反省；C. self-consciousness自我意识；D. self-revelation自我表露。根据下文“the process of disclosing one’s innermost feelings, attitudes and experiences”可知，这是一种自我表露的过程。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家报告说，这种自我表露——揭示一个人内心深处的感受、态度和经历的过程——促进了亲密、爱和承诺。 A. commitment承诺、献身；B. favor偏爱、特权；C. partnership合伙人身份；D. confidence信心。根据下文“These are the foundation stones of a strong partnership.”可知，空处是亲密关系的基石，所以应该是承诺。故选A。 （23-24高二上·上海·期末）The serious business of being a social influencer This week China promised a tax-evasion punishment on social-media influencers, who are paid by brands to promote products online to their followers. The size of that levy (征收税) shows the 1 scale of the industry, which accounts for 12% of online sales in China. Outside China, influencers are also likely to have a(n) 2 role in e-commerce. For all firms with brands, it is time to realize that influencing is more than just a hobby. The use of personal endorsements used to be about 3 existing celebrity power. For example, Michael Jordan’s deal in 1984 with Nike revolutionized both basketball and branding. Influencers turn the logic on its head: selling things helps make them more famous. Through clipped videos and filtered photos they offer recommendations to consumers, together with glimpses into their daily lives to increase the 4 . Total spending on influencers by brands could reach $16bn this year. The number of wannabe influencers outside China is in the millions. 5 , only under 100,000 of them get most profit. Their staying power suggests that they add value in several ways. Influencers’ networks reach new audiences, 6 younger shoppers. And influencers are 7 proficient in a way that old-style brand ambassadors never were. They can quickly 8 and utilize newer platforms like TikTok. Yet one-third of brands do not use influencers. They worry about their reputation. Despite the risk, ignoring influencers is a mistake. Their 9 of digital advertising budgets is still low at 3%, but it is rising fast. The 10 between entertainment and e-commerce is becoming unclear. The most popular marketing strategy of the 2010s—ads targeted through Google and Facebook—is under threat as new privacy standards make it harder to 11 potential customers. To make full use of influencers, brands should set a clear strategy. They should expect more regulation on consumer protection. The guiding 12 should be to use only influencers who disclose to their audiences that their posts are paid. Brands should also 13 new analytical tools that help them measure the performance of influencers. These tools should help to 14 the cheat from the stars. It used to be said that only half of all advertising spending worked, but it was impossible to know which half. Now brands can control only half of what influencers say, but they may be able to calculate 100% of the 15 they add. 1．A．abnormal B．narrow C．large D．intangible 2．A．enduring B．insignificant C．typical D．useless 3．A．giving rise to B．taking advantage of C．putting aside D．looking forward to 4．A．assessment B．credibility C．contrast D．influence 5．A．however B．likewise C．moreover D．consequently 6．A．as well as B．additionally C．eventually D．particularly 7．A．economically B．socially C．technologically D．fundamentally 8．A．come across B．adapt to C．take up D．bring about 9．A．share B．profit C．occurrence D．impact 10．A．cooperation B．conflict C．borderline D．transformation 11．A．recommend to B．set about C．turn away D．spy on 12．A．reform B．discipline C．principle D．concept 13．A．embrace B．evaluate C．advertise D．question 14．A．ban B．defend C．shelter D．distinguish 15．A．value B．potential C．damage D．risks 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了成为一个网红是一件严肃的事情。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一征税规模显示了该行业的庞大规模，占中国在线销售额的12%。A. abnormal不正常的；B. narrow狭窄的；C. large大的；D. intangible难以形容的。根据“Viya, known as the live-streaming queen, has already been fined $210m for not declaring her income.(被称为“直播女王”的薇娅已经因未申报收入被罚款2.1亿美元。)”可知，薇娅被罚地税款显示了网红这一行业征税的庞大规模。故选C。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在中国之外，网红也可能在电子商务中发挥持久的作用。A. enduring持久的；B. insignificant不重要的；C. typical典型的；D. useless没有用的。根据下文“For all firms with brands, it is time to realize that influencing is more than just a hobby.( 对于所有拥有品牌的公司来说，是时候意识到影响力不仅仅是一种爱好了。)”和下文的“Their staying power”可知，网红的影响力不仅仅是一种爱好，也可能在电子商务中发挥持久的作用。故选A。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：过去，利用个人代言是利用现有的名人影响力。A. giving rise to引起，导致；B. taking advantage of充分利用；C. putting aside放在一边；D. looking forward to期待。根据下文“For example, Michael Jordan’s deal in 1984 with Nike revolutionized both basketball and branding.(例如，1984年迈克尔·乔丹与耐克的交易在篮球和品牌方面都发生了革命性的变化。)”可知，过去，是利用现有的名人影响力进行代言。故选B。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过剪辑的视频和经过滤镜处理的照片，他们向消费者提供建议，并让他们了解他们的日常生活，以增加可信度。A. assessment评价；B. credibility可信度，可靠性；C. contrast对比；D. influence影响。根据“together with glimpses into their daily lives”可知，网红通过让网民了解他们的生活增加可信度。故选B。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，其中只有不到10万人获得了最大的利润。A. however然而；B. likewise同样地；C. moreover此外；D. consequently因此。上文提到“The number of wannabe influencers outside China is in the millions.(在中国以外，想要成为网红的人的数量以百万计。)”，下文提到“only under 100,000 of them get most profit.(其中只有不到10万人获得了最大的利润。)”，上下文之间形成转折关系。故选A。 6．考查固定短语和副词词义辨析。句意：网红的网络覆盖了新的受众，最终是更年轻的购物者。A. as well as也，和……一样；B. additionally另外；C. eventually最终；D. particularly尤其，特别。根据“Influencers’ networks reach new audiences”可知，网红覆盖的新受众最终是更年轻的购物者。故选C。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：网红在资金方面的精通程度是旧式品牌大使根本不具备的。A. economically经济地；B. socially社会上；C. technologically技术上地；D. fundamentally根本性地。根据“They can quickly 　　8　　 and utilize newer platforms like TikTok.”可知，网红在资金方面的精通程度是旧式品牌大使根本不具备的。故选D。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们可以迅速适应和利用抖音等更新的平台。A. come across偶然遇见；B. adapt to适应；C. take up占据，从事；D. bring about带来，引起。根据“newer platforms like TikTok”可知，他们可以迅速适应抖音等更新的平台。故选B。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在数字广告预算中的份额仍然很低，只有3%，但正在迅速上升。A. share股份，份额；B. profit利润；C. occurrence发生；D. impact影响。根据“digital advertising budgets is still low at 3%”可知，网红在数字广告预算中的份额仍然很低。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：娱乐和电子商务之间的转变正变得不明朗。A. cooperation合作；B. conflict冲突，争端；C. borderline边界线；D. transformation转变。根据下文“The most popular marketing strategy of the 2010s—ads targeted through Google and Facebook—is under threat as new privacy standards make it harder to 　　11　　 potential customers.”可知，娱乐平台和电子商务之间的转变变得不明朗。故选D。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：2010年最流行的营销策略——通过谷歌和Facebook定向投放广告——正面临威胁，因为新的隐私标准使其更难拒绝潜在客户。A. recommend to向……推荐；B. set about着手做；C. turn away拒绝……进入；D. spy on侦察，探听。根据“The most popular marketing strategy of the 2010s—ads targeted through Google and Facebook”可知，一些娱乐平台通过定向投放广告给用户，使其更难拒绝潜在客户。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：指导原则应该是只使用那些向受众披露帖子有报酬的网红。A. reform改革；B. discipline纪律；C. principle原则；D. concept概念。根据“They should expect more regulation on consumer protection.”可知，空处和“regulation”对应，应选择“principle”。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：品牌还应该采用新的分析工具，帮助他们衡量网红的表现。A. embrace欣然接受，乐意采纳；B. evaluate评价；C. advertise做广告；D. question询问，质疑。根据“new analytical tools”可知，品牌还应该采用新的分析工具。故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些工具应该可以帮助人们远离明星的欺骗。A. ban禁止；B. defend防御；C. shelter躲避，庇护；D. distinguish区分，辨别。根据“the cheat from the stars”可知，这些工具帮助消费者远离明星的欺骗。故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，品牌只能控制网红半数的言论，但它们或许能计算出网红所造成的100%损害。A. value价值；B. potential潜力；C damage损害，破坏；D. risks风险。根据上文“Now brands can control only half of what influencers say, but”可知，现在的品牌也许能计算出网红造成的伤害。故选C。 （23-24高二上·上海·期末）Stay out of the Sun to Look Young Forget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun’s rays looked up to 20 years younger than they were. On the other hand, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion (肤色),from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to 1 the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn’t possible, made a 2 , the American Academy of Dermatology’s annual conference will hear today. The interesting 3 comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether they were sun-lovers. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US -- commissioned by skincare firm Olay -- guessed how old the women were, they found those who 4 in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. A lucky four had so few wrinkles and 5 spots, and such a fresh complexion, that they appeared to be a full two decades younger than they really were. Researcher Dr. Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology (皮肤医学),said the 6 advice that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth (谬见)，and the body is ‘pretty good’ at judging how much we need. Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reached a(n) 7 conclusion. Experts there said: ‘Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the appearance of skin.’ It isn’t clear why the women who 8 well didn’t have younger-looking skin. But it may be that the question they were asked was too 9 and didn’t take into account their long-term sleep patterns. A second study, also by Olay, suggested that low-level day to day exposure to the sun is more ageing than occasional 10 exposure. Finally, DNA examination of tiny samples of the women’s skin helped understand the 11 done by the sun. A gene called CDKN2A was more active in facial skin that is exposed to the sun than in samples taken from the bottoms. This gene was also more active in women who said they loved the 12 and in those who looked older. Dr. Kimball said CDKN2A activity is a 13 that a cell is ‘tired out’ and urged women should protect their skin year round and not just when on a beach holiday. Dr. Frauke Neuser, principal scientist at Olay, which has used the research to develop its latest 14 creams, said：‘This research gives us a detailed picture of the effect of sun exposure on skin ageing and illustrate the importance of protection on a 15 basis.’ 1．A．set out B．aim at C．stick to D．hold back 2．A．mistake B．proposal C．difference D．comment 3．A．perspective B．proposal C．prospect D．possibility 4．A．cheered up B．played tricks C．kept fit D．took care 5．A．age B．trouble C．scenic D．weak 6．A．fascinating B．popular C．ambitious D．reliable 7．A．optimistic B．similar C．energetic D．smart 8．A．ate B．exercised C．acted D．slept 9．A．current B．moderate C．narrow D．ridiculous 10．A．intense B．unsuspecting C．adventurous D．relaxing 11．A．firmness B．damage C．endurance D．victim 12．A．sleep B．water C．skin D．sun 13．A．recommendation B．point C．sign D．compliment 14．A．lip B．face C．ear D．neck 15．A．former B．familiar C．daily D．precise 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一片说明文。文章描述了研究人员对女性面部皮肤的研究，证实了所谓的多喝水或者是多睡觉的说法只是一种谬论，而应该重视日常的护肤。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：另一方面，其他假定的保持年轻肤色的规则，如多喝水、睡好觉和有规律的锻炼，却未能遏止时间的流逝。A. set out出发；B. aim at目标；C. stick to坚持；D. hold back阻止。根据下文“Forget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. ”可知，忘记和大量的水和睡美容觉吧，说明这两件事情都不能阻止时间的前行。故选D项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，美国皮肤病学会的年会上将听到这样的消息：只有避免阳光照射，在不可能的情况下涂防晒霜，才会产生差异。A. mistake错误；B. proposal提议；C. difference差异；D. comment评论。根据前文“Only keeping out of the sun”可知，只有远离阳光，是让抹防晒霜起作用的条件之一，而且固定短语“make a difference”意思是“产生差异、有影响”。故选C项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有趣的观点来自一项对231名各年龄段女性的研究，调查内容包括她们是否热爱阳光。A. perspective观点；B. proposal提议；C. prospect希望；D. possibility可能性。根据下文“a study of 231 women of all ages”可知，这是个针对不同年龄阶段的研究，而研究得出的观点。故选A项。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：受护肤品牌玉兰油公司的委托，美国马萨诸塞州总医院的研究人员猜测了这些女性的年龄，发现那些小心晒日光浴的女性往往衰老得更慢。A. cheered up使高兴；B. played tricks耍手段；C. kept fit保持身材；D. took care小心。根据上文“ keeping out of the sun”可知，避免晒太阳是延缓衰老的方法之一，因此他们发现在阳光下非常小心的女士会老得非常慢。故选D项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的四个人几乎没有皱纹和老年斑，而且肤色如此清新，以至于他们看起来比实际年龄整整年轻了20岁。A. age年龄B. trouble困难；C. scenic风景的；D. weak虚弱。根据上文“A lucky four had so few wrinkles”可知，很幸运的4位女士有很少的皱纹，说明非常年轻没有老年斑。故选A项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究员及皮肤病学教授Alexa Kimball博士说，流行的说法建议我们多喝水来保持健康实际上是一个谬见，身体“很擅长”判断我们需要多少水。A. fascinating迷人的；B. popular流行的；C. ambitious有抱负的；D. reliable可靠的。根据下文“actually a myth”以及“the body is ‘pretty good’ at judging how much we need”可知，人体自有调节功能，所谓流行的说法建议多喝水多睡觉能让人们更年轻其实是个谬论。故选B项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英国营养基金会先前的研究得出了一个相似的结论。A. optimistic乐观的；B. similar相似的；C. energetic精力充沛的D. smart聪明的。根据下文“Experts there said：‘Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the appearance of skin’”可知，专家说，只是喝水真地对改善皮肤没有影响，这和最新的研究结果非常相似。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前还不清楚为什么睡眠好的女性没有年轻的皮肤。A. ate吃；B. exercised锻炼；C. acted行动；D. slept睡觉。根据下文“didn't take into account their long-term sleep patterns.”可知，没有考虑他们长期睡眠的模式，说明本题比较的是睡的比较好的女性。故选D项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这可能是因为他们被问到的问题涉及范围太窄了，没有考虑到他们的长期睡眠模式。A. current当前的；B. moderate普通的；C. narrow狭窄的；D. ridiculous可笑的。根据下文“didn't take into account their long-term sleep patterns”可知，在研究中对于这个问题的提问方式设计内容不周全，并没有考虑长期睡眠的模式，问题包含范围太窄了。故选C项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一项同样由玉兰油(Olay)进行的研究表明，每天低强度的日晒比偶尔的强烈日晒更容易衰老。A. intense强烈的；B. unsuspecting不怀疑的；C. adventurous敢于冒险的；D. relaxing放松的。根据前文“low-level day to day exposure”与“than”可知，本句在进行不同日晒程度的比较，低水平的天天的暴露与太阳偶尔集中的爆晒相比。故选A项 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，对女性皮肤微小样本的DNA检测有助于了解太阳造成的伤害。A. firmness坚定；B. damage伤害；C. endurance持久力；D. victim受害者。根据上文“low-level day to day exposure to the sun is more ageing than occasional intense exposure.”可知，本段讨论太阳曝晒对于女性皮肤的伤害，而且对于女士DNA样本的检查帮助我们理解太阳对皮肤的损伤。故选B项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种基因在那些说自己喜欢太阳的女性和那些看起来更老的女性身上也更活跃。A. sleep睡觉B. water水；C. skin皮肤；D. sun太阳。根据上文“more active in facial skin that is exposed to the sun”可知，本题讨论从基因中体现太阳对皮肤的影响，这个基因在那些喜欢太阳的女士身上更明显。故选D项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：金博尔博士说，CDKN2A的活动是细胞“疲劳”的信号，并敦促女性全年都应该保护皮肤，而不仅仅是在海滩度假时。A. recommendation推荐；B. point观点；C. sign标志；D. compliment赞扬。根据上文“DNA examination of tiny samples of the women’s skin helped understand”以及“CDKN2A activity”可知，这种基因作为参照物可以了解细胞活动，这也是细胞已经老化的标志，提醒女士要保护皮肤了。故选C项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：玉兰油的首席科学家弗劳克·诺泽博士利用这项研究开发了最新的面霜，她说：“这项研究让我们详细了解了阳光照射对皮肤衰老的影响，并说明了以日常为基础进行保护的重要性。A. lip嘴唇；B. face面颊；C. ear耳朵D. neck脖子。根据前文“more active in facial skin”可知，前面讨论面部皮肤，说明弗劳克·诺泽博士利用这项研究开发了最新的面霜。故选B项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：玉兰油的首席科学家弗劳克·诺泽博士利用这项研究开发了最新的面霜，她说：“这项研究让我们详细了解了阳光照射对皮肤衰老的影响，并说明了以日常为基础进行保护的重要性。A. former以前的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. daily每日的D. precise精确的。根据前文“women should protect their skin year round and not just when on a beach holiday”可知，女性全年都应该保护皮肤，而不仅仅是在海滩度假时，说明了日常保护皮肤的重要性, 故选C项。 （23-24高二上·上海·期末）She wants to be a singer. You think she should go for a long-term career with job security and eventually retire with a good pension (退休金). But a new report suggests that in fact she’s the practical one. Why do parents make terrible careers 1 ? Today’s 14 and 15-year-olds are 2 . They look at their working future in a different way from their parents’. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is 3 but pays the bills. In the past, this might be considered as 4 news. Certainly, when I was 15, my guidance mentor 5 my plans to become a writer. I’m glad I didn’t change my plans to suit them. But the world has changed. The global economy is not 6 to yesterday’s diligent and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the 7 . This means that a 14-year-old who sees her working future as a kind of 8 is not necessarily being unrealistic. 9 , she has to have the training and guidance to help her develop the right skills for today’s market. Many young people 10 that downsizing (裁员) and freelancing (自由职业) are all part of modern working life, but no one is telling them how they might be able to turn the new rules of the 11 game to their advantage. This is what they need to know if they are to make a life for themselves. So what is to be done? A most important step would be to 12 the way in which schools prepare young people for adult life. The education system is becoming less flexible and sticks more to traditional skills at just the time that the job market is going in the 13 direction. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to 14 all the advice that your parents gave you, and step into your teenager’s shoes. Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however strange they might sound now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, imagination is a terrible thing to 15 . 1．A．advisers B．pioneers C．reformers D．pursuers 2．A．curious B．realistic C．depressed D．ambitious 3．A．well-paid B．temporary C．boring D．rewarding 4．A．big B．bad C．exciting D．latest 5．A．were ignorant of B．were horrified at C．were amazed at D．were conscious of 6．A．common B．opposed C．kind D．committed 7．A．initiative B．responsibility C．advantage D．measure 8．A．reality B．terminal C．destiny D．adventure 9．A．Instead B．However C．Therefore D．Moreover 10．A．object B．declare C．conclude D．understand 11．A．competition B．employment C．knowledge D．modernisation 12．A．neglect B．follow C．change D．cancel 13．A．opposite B．former C．regular D．inevitable 14．A．take B．forget C．recall D．spoil 15．A．inherit B．keep C．simplify D．waste 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。全篇围绕就业择业的话题，作者建议年轻人遵从自己内心，雄心勃勃并主动出击。建议改革教育系统以便让年轻人更好地能提前适应成年生活，同时建议家长鼓励并支持孩子们的想法。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为什么父母会成为糟糕的职业建议者。A. advisers顾问；B. pioneers先锋；C. reformers改革者；D. pursuers追赶者。由前文“She wants to be a singer. You think she should go for a long-term career with job security and eventually retire with a good pension (退休金). But a new report suggests that in fact she’s the practical one. ”可知，父母建议女孩追求一份长期稳定的工作而不是成为一名歌手，但实际结果表明女孩才是一个实际的人，所以此处指代父母是糟糕的职业“建议者”。故答案为A。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今十四五岁的孩子都雄心勃勃。A. curious好奇的；B. realistic现实的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. ambitious有雄心的。根据后文“A job for life is not in their vocabulary”可知，现在的孩子并不追求终身性的铁饭碗工作，所以他们是“具有抱负的”。故答案为D。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的字典里没有终身工作; 枯燥乏味仅够养家糊口的稳定而毫无前途的工作也不受年轻人的欢迎。A. well-paid待遇优厚的；B. temporary暂时的；C. boring无聊的；D. rewarding值得做的。连词but表明前后含义呈转折关系，由空后“ pays the bills”可知，空处表示负面的感情色彩，所以此处C选项符合题意，同时呼应前文的“dead-end”。故答案为C。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在过去，这可能被认为是坏消息。A. big大的；B. bad坏的；C. exciting令人激动的；D. latest最新的。根据后文“But the world has changed.”及“The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the  ____7____ .”可知现在的看法和过去看法不一样，现在的想法是未来是属于那些思维敏捷的人，他们足智多谋并雄心勃勃。由此推知在过去，这种属于“坏”消息。故答案为B。 5．考查短语辨析。句意：当然，当我15岁的时候，我的导师对我想成为作家的计划感到震惊。A. were ignorant of 不知道；B. were horrified at对……感到震惊/恐慌；C. were amazed at 惊讶于；D. were conscious of意识到。根据后文“ I’m glad I didn’t change my plans to suit them. ”可知导师并不满意我想成为作家的计划，但我没有改变自己的想法去迎合，所以B选项符合题意。故答案为B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 经济的全球化已经不再青睐于过去的勤恳的工人。A. common普遍的；B. opposed反对的；C. kind友好的；D. committed忠诚的。根据后文“The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the  ____7____ .”可知将来是属于那些思维敏捷的人，他们足智多谋并雄心勃勃，所以对那些过去勤恳的工人并不“友好”。故答案为C。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：未来是属于思维敏捷的人，他们足智多谋，雄心勃勃，能够主动出击。A. initiative主动性；B. responsibility责任；C. advantage优点；D. measure措施。由空前提示词“resourceful”和“ambitious ”可知，A选项符合题意。故答案为A。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着，一个14岁的孩子把自己的工作未来视为一种冒险，并不一定是不切实际的。A. reality现实；B. terminal终端；C. destiny命运；D. adventure冒险。由第二段可知，如今十四五岁的孩子都雄心勃勃，所以D选项符合题意，呼应“ambitious”。故答案为D。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，她必须接受培训和指导，以帮助她培养适合当今市场的技能。A. Instead反而；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Moreover此外。前文强调年轻人把未来的工作看成冒险并不是不切实际，空后强调年轻人需要接受培训和指导，空后转移话题焦点，所以B选项符合题意。故答案为B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多年轻人明白裁员和自由职业都是现代工作生活的一部分，但没有人告诉他们如何才能把就业游戏的新规则变成对他们有利的东西。A. object反对；B. declare宣称；C. conclude推断；D. understand理解。根据后文“but no one is telling them”可知空格表示“理解”的含义。故答案为D。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多年轻人明白裁员和自由职业都是现代工作生活的一部分，但没有人告诉他们如何才能把就业游戏的新规则变成对他们有利的东西。A. competition竞争；B. employment职业；C. knowledge知识；D. modernisation现代化。文章主题是关于就业与择业，所以选项B符合题意，表示将就业新规则变不利为有利。故答案为B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最重要的一步是改变学校培养年轻人适应成年生活的方式。A. neglect忽略；B. follow遵循；C. change改变；D. cancel取消。根据后文“The education system is becoming less flexible and sticks more to traditional skills at just the time that the job market is going in the ____13____direction.”可知，教育系统正变得越来越不灵活，更多地依赖传统技能，由此推知，作者建议要“改变”这种现状，要让学校培养年轻人更适应成年生活。故答案为C。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：教育体系正变得越来越不灵活，更多地依赖传统技能，而就业市场正朝着相反的方向发展。A. opposite相反的；B. former以前的；C. regular有规律的；D. inevitable不可避免的。根据空前提示“less flexible”和“sticks more to traditional skills”可知，A选项符合题意，强调教育体系并不适应当前的就业市场。故答案为A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最好的办法就是忘记父母给你的所有建议，顺应内心愿望。A. take拿；B. forget忘记；C. recall回忆；D. spoil损坏。根据后文提示“ step into your teenager’s shoes”可知，作者建议青少年们遵从自己内心，所以是“忘记”父母给的建议。故答案为B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一个几乎不为任何人提供经济安全的世界里，浪费想象力是一件可怕的事情。A. inherit继承；B. keep保持；C. simplify简化；D. waste浪费。由前文可知，作者支持年轻人在就业选择中，顺应内心愿望， 雄心勃勃并能主动出击，由此推知，作者是支持年轻人充满想象力的，所以“浪费”想象力是一件糟糕的事情。故答案为D。 （22-23高二上·上海·期末）Scientists in the U. S. have developed a new training program for the brain that they say can make you smarter. Called “Gist(主旨)Reasoning Training,” the program developed out of the University of Texas at Dallas goes beyond standard memory recall and information 1 tests and improves cognitive performance by 2 the brain in areas like strategic attention, integrated reasoning and innovation, they claim. To start, participants - who ranged from teenagers and healthy adults to brain injury victims and seniors at risk for Alzheimer’s disease - were 3 with filtering competing information and focusing on only important, essential components. They were also instructed to 4 the information, finding common 5 or developing generalized statements from what they were reading. Each strategy was designed to build on the previous exercise. Participants were encouraged to apply the same mental strategies outside the training sessions. After about a dozen 45- to 60- minute sessions, conducted over two months, cognitive 6 were recorded in areas like abstraction, reasoning and innovation, scientists said, and by extension, also improved memory, planning and problem solving. “What’s exciting about this work is that in randomized trials 7 gist reasoning training to memory training, we found that it was not learning new information that engaged widespread brain networks and 8 cognitive performance, but rather actually 9 processing of information and using that information in new ways that augmented brain performance,” said the study co-author Sandra Bond Chapman in a statement. 10 helping seniors improve their cognitive function in old age, a strategic and more analytical approach to brain boosting exercises could also be used by young people to develop an early 11 , and help middle-aged adults sharpen their skills and remain“ 12 healthy,” scientists say. The study was published in the journal Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience. Research out of the University of Los Angeles California published last year also found that older adults who 13 used a brain-fitness program called Dakim Brain Fitness improved their memory and language skills. Another 14 way to keep mentally fit? Hit the pavement and go for a run or brisk walk, as it’s been well 15 that physical activity is an effective brain booster. 1．A．preserving B．progressing C．processing D．protecting 2．A．challenging B．exchanging C．transplanting D．transforming 3．A．provided B．tasked C．connected D．mixed 4．A．offer B．search C．investigate D．interpret 5．A．themes B．senses C．knowledge D．claims 6．A．performances B．gains C．benefits D．procedures 7．A．referring B．applying C．comparing D．turning 8．A．reduced B．elevated C．advanced D．faded 9．A．clearer B．vaguer C．wider D．deeper 10．A．Instead of B．But for C．In addition to D．In terms of 11．A．advantage B．disadvantage C．innocence D．conscience 12．A．physically B．physiologically C．psychologically D．mentally 13．A．regularly B．irregularly C．reluctantly D．illegally 14．A．imaginary B．proven C．stimulating D．complicated 15．A．authorized B．accomplished C．established D．organized 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是新开发的一种大脑训练项目，主要是通过训练，提高大脑的战略注意力、综合推理判断力和创新方面的认知表现力。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们声称，这个名为“主旨推理训练”的项目由德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校开发，超越了标准的记忆回忆和信息处理测试，通过在战略注意力、综合推理和创新等领域挑战大脑，提高了认知表现。A. preserving保护；B. progressing进步；C. processing加工；D. protecting保护。根据上文中的“...standard memory recall...”可知，此处值得是“信息处理”，process意为“加工，处理”符合语境。故选C项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们声称，这个名为“主旨推理训练”的项目由德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校开发，超越了标准的记忆回忆和信息处理测试，通过在战略注意力、综合推理和创新等领域挑战大脑，提高了认知表现。A. challenging挑战；B. exchanging交换；C. transplanting移植；D. transforming转换。根据上文中的“...and improves cognitive performance...”可知，此处为通过“挑战”大脑战略注意力、综合推理和创新等领域改善认知表现。故选A项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，参与者——从青少年和健康成年人到脑损伤受害者和有阿尔茨海默病风险的老年人——的任务是过滤竞争信息，只关注重要的、重要的组成部分。A. provided提供；B. tasked交给某人任务；C. connected连接；D. mixed混合。结合句意以及下文中的“...with filtering competing information and focusing on only important, essential components.”可知，此处为给予这些参与者任务，task作为动词的意思是“交给某人任务”符合语境。故选B项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还被要求解释这些信息，找到共同的主题，或者从他们所阅读的内容中发展出广义的陈述。A. offer提供；B. search搜查；C. investigate调查；D. interpret诠释。根据下文中的并列结构“...finding common ___5___ or developing generalized statements from what they were reading.”并结合语境可知，此处指的是“解释”这些信息。故选D项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们还被要求解释这些信息，找到共同的主题，或者从他们所阅读的内容中发展出广义的陈述。A. themes主题；B. senses感觉；C. knowledge知识；D. claims声明。根据下文中的“...or developing generalized statements from what they were reading.”中的statements并结合句意可知，此处指的是共同的“主题”符合语境。故选A项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家们说，在两个月的大约45到60分钟的训练之后，抽象、推理和创新等领域的认知进步，进而也改善了记忆、计划和解决问题。A. performances表演，表现；B. gains增加，提升；C. benefits利益；D. procedures过程。根据下文中的并列结构“...and by extension, also improved memory, planning and problem solving.”可知，此处指的是训练之后，认知能力得到“提升”。故选B项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该研究的合著者桑德拉·邦德·查普曼在一份声明中说:“这项工作令人兴奋的是，在将主要推理训练与记忆训练进行比较的随机试验中，我们发现，学习新信息并不是涉及广泛的大脑网络和评估认知表现，而是对信息进行更深入的处理，并以新的方式使用这些信息，从而增强大脑表现”。A. referring参考；B. applying申请，应用；C. comparing比较；D. turning翻转。结合句意以及下文中的“we found that it was not learning new information that engaged widespread brain networks...”可知，此处表示的是通过比较推理训练与记忆训练，而有的下文中的发现。故选C项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该研究的合著者桑德拉·邦德·查普曼在一份声明中说:“这项工作令人兴奋的是，在将主要推理训练与记忆训练进行比较的随机试验中，我们发现，学习新信息并不是涉及广泛的大脑网络和评估认知表现，而是对信息进行更深入的处理，并以新的方式使用这些信息，从而增强大脑表现”。A. reduced减少；B. elevated估计；C. advanced前进；D. faded退去，变淡。根据上文中的并列内容“...engaged widespread brain networks...”并结合句意可知，此处指的是“评估”认知表现，evaluate意为“估计”符合句意。故选B项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该研究的合著者桑德拉·邦德·查普曼在一份声明中说:“这项工作令人兴奋的是，在将主要推理训练与记忆训练进行比较的随机试验中，我们发现，学习新信息并不是涉及广泛的大脑网络和评估认知表现，而是对信息进行更深入的处理，并以新的方式使用这些信息，从而增强大脑表现”。A. clearer清晰的；B. vaguer模糊的；C. wider宽的；D. deeper深的。根据上文中的“we found that it was not learning new information that engaged widespread brain networks and ___8___ cognitive performance,...”以及空前的but可知，此处为更加深入的处理。故选D项。 10．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：科学家说，除了帮助老年人提高老年时的认知功能外，年轻人还可以用一种战略性的、更具分析性的方法来锻炼大脑，以形成早期优势，并帮助中年人提高技能，保持“心理健康”。A. Instead of取代；B. But for要不是；C. In addition to此外；D. In terms of就……而言。根据下文“a strategic and more analytical approach to brain boosting exercises could also be used...”中的also可知，此处与下文讲述的内容性质相同，in addition to意为“此外”，与下文的also衔接合理。故选C项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家说，除了帮助老年人提高老年时的认知功能外，年轻人还可以用一种战略性的、更具分析性的方法来锻炼大脑，以形成早期优势，并帮助中年人提高技能，保持“心理健康”。A. advantage优势，优点；B. disadvantage缺点；C. innocence无辜，天真；D. conscience良心。根据上文中的“a strategic and more analytical approach to brain boosting exercises could also be used by young people to develop an early...”并结合句意可知，此处指的是利用一种战略性的、更具分析性的方法来锻炼大脑，以形成早期的优势。故选A项。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：科学家说，除了帮助老年人提高老年时的认知功能外，年轻人还可以用一种战略性的、更具分析性的方法来锻炼大脑，以形成早期优势，并帮助中年人提高技能，保持“心理健康”。A. physically身体上地；B. physiologically生理上地；C. psychologically心理上地；D. mentally精神上地。根据上文中的“...helping seniors improve their cognitive function in old age...”和“...and help middle-aged adults sharpen their skills...”可知，此处都是说的是对精神方面的改善和提高。故选D项。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：加州洛杉矶大学去年发表的一项研究还发现，老年人通过一项名为“Dakim Brain Fitness”的大脑健身项目，可以提高他们的记忆力和语言技能。A. regularly定期地，有规律地；B. irregularly无规律地；C. reluctantly不情愿地；D. illegally非法地。根据常识和上下文语境可知，此处应该是“定期”参加训练，能提高他们的记忆力和语言技能。故选A项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一种被证明的保持精神健康的方法？走在人行道上，去跑步或快走，因为人们已经确定，体育活动是一种有效的大脑助推器。A. imaginary想象中的；B. proven已证实的；C. stimulating激励人的；D. complicated复杂的。根据下文“Hit the pavement and go for a run or brisk walk, as it’s been well ___15___ that physical activity is an effective brain booster.”可知，此处指的是已经得到证实的改善精神健康的方法。故选B项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一种被证明的保持精神健康的方法？走在人行道上，去跑步或快走，因为人们已经确定，体育活动是一种有效的大脑助推器。A. authorized授权；B. accomplished完成，获得；C. established成立，承认；D. organized组织。根据下文中的主语从句“...that physical activity is an effective brain booster.”可知，这是已经建立起来的，人们已经承认的观点。故选C项。 （22-23高二上·上海·期末）Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns (酒馆) and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news, noted one observer. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun, 1 the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way 2 into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media. Now, the news industry is 3 to something closer to the coffee house. The Internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the 4 characteristics of “the era before the mass media”. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp 5 in readership in rich countries. Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and 6 events in profoundly different ways. Most 7 ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere report what they are seeing. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends. And it is not just readers who are 8 the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important channels of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data 9 through open government initiatives. The Internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new 10 of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to fame in a very short space of time. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press giants and state outlets. 11 , every liberal (自由人) should celebrate this. A more 12 news environment with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to 13 it are doomed to failure. As producers of new journalism, individuals can be cautious of facts and transparent (透明的) with their sources. As consumers, they can be general in their tastes and demanding in their standards. And although this 14 does raise concerns there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse, argumentative and alive environment of the news business in the ages of the Internet. The 15 is back. Enjoy it. 1．A．rejected B．substituted C．pioneered D．celebrated 2．A．conversation B．culture C．channel D．business 3．A．applying B．returning C．contributing D．clinging 4．A．comparable B．desirable C．delicate D．free 5．A．turn B．difference C．decline D．contrast 6．A．making up for B．keeping up with C．giving rise to D．shifting away from 7．A．strikingly B．ironically C．likely D．recently 8．A．embracing B．challenging C．subscribing D．regulating 9．A．trustworthy B．readable C．available D．incredible 10．A．providers B．witnesses C．consumers D．collectors 11．A．For example B．By comparison C．By chance D．In principle 12．A．participatory B．complex C．rewarding D．innovative 13．A．escape B．reverse C．identify D．shape 14．A．technology B．production C．communication D．transformation 15．A．news giant B．coffee house C．social networking D．printed press 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新闻行业的发展历史以及如今新闻行业正回归到更接近咖啡屋的模式。互联网使新闻更具参与性、社会性和多样性，恢复了“大众传媒之前的时代”的特征。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1833年，当第一份面向大众的报纸《纽约太阳报》率先使用广告来降低新闻成本时，一切都发生了改变，广告商因此获得了更广泛的受众。A. rejected拒绝；B. substituted代替；C. pioneered倡导，做先锋；D. celebrated庆祝。根据上文“Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun”可知，《纽约太阳报》率先使用广告来降低新闻成本时，一切都发生了改变。故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：廉价报纸，随后是广播和电视，由相对少数的公司控制媒体，把新闻从双向对话变成了单向广播。A. conversation对话；B. culture文化；C. channel频道；D. business生意。根据上文“into a one-way broadcast”指新闻从双向对话变成了单向广播。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，新闻行业正回归到更接近咖啡屋的模式。A. applying申请；B. returning返回；C. contributing捐献；D. clinging坚持。结合第一段“Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters.( 300年前，新闻通过口口相传或书信传播，并以小册子和时事通讯的形式在酒馆和咖啡馆里传播)”指新闻行业正回归到更接近咖啡屋的模式。故选B。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：互联网使新闻更具参与性、社会性和多样性，恢复了“大众传媒之前时代”的自由特征。A. comparable类似的；B. desirable令人向往的；C. delicate精致的；D. free自由的，随心所欲的。结合第一段中“The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news, noted one observer.(一位观察家指出，咖啡馆特别宽敞，可以自由交谈，也可以更轻松地阅读各种印刷新闻)”可知，互联网使新闻更具参与性、社会性和多样性，恢复了“大众传媒之前时代”的随心所欲、畅所欲言的特征。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这些全球数据掩盖了富裕国家读者数量的急剧下降。A. turn转弯；B. difference差异；C. decline下降；D. contrast对比。根据后文“Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, people have been giving up newspapers and TV news(在过去的十年里，整个西方世界，人们已经放弃了报纸和电视新闻)”可知，读者数量的急剧下降。故选C。 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在过去的十年里，整个西方世界，人们已经放弃了报纸和电视新闻，并以截然不同的方式跟上事件的发展。A. making up for弥补；B. keeping up with赶上；C. giving rise to引起；D. shifting away from搬走。根据后文“events in profoundly different ways”可知，整个西方世界，人们已经放弃了报纸和电视新闻，并以截然不同的方式跟上事件的发展。故选B。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最引人注目的是，越来越多的普通人参与到编辑、分享、过滤、讨论和分发新闻中来。A. strikingly突出地，引人注目的是；B. ironically讽刺地；C. likely可能的；D. recently最近。根据后文“ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news”可知，越来越多的普通人参与到编辑、分享、过滤、讨论和分发新闻中来，这引人注目。故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：挑战媒体精英的不只是读者。A. embracing拥抱；B. challenging挑战；C. subscribing订阅；D. regulating调节。根据后文“Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important channels of news.(包括谷歌、Facebook和Twitter在内的科技公司已经成为重要的新闻渠道)”可知，媒体所面临的挑战还有社交媒体。故选B。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：名人和世界领导人直接通过社交网络发布最新信息；许多国家现在通过开放政府举措提供原始数据。A. trustworthy值得信任的；B. readable可读的；C. available可获得的；D. incredible难以置信的。根据上文“Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data”可知，名人和世界领导人直接通过社交网络发布最新信息；许多国家现在通过开放政府举措提供原始数据，即让原始数据可获得，应用available。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：网络让新的新闻提供者，从个人博客到网站，在很短的时间内成名。A. providers提供者；B. witnesses目击者；C. consumers消费者；D. collectors收藏家。根据后文“of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to fame in a very short space of time”指新闻的提供者可以在网络上快速成名。故选A。 11．考查介词短语辨析。句意：原则上，每个自由主义者都应该庆祝这一点。A. For example例如；B. By comparison相比之下；C. By chance偶然；D. In principle大体上，按道理。根据后文“every liberal should celebrate this.”可知，每个人都可以参与到新闻的创作和传播中，所以按道理，每个自由主义者都应该庆祝这一点。故选D。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个更具参与性的新闻环境，一个多样化的新闻来源，这是一件好事。A. participatory参与式的；B. complex复杂的；C. rewarding值得的；D. innovative创新的。呼应上文“The Internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse”指一个更具参与性的新闻环境。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：新闻行业的转型是不可阻挡的，试图扭转这一局面注定要失败。A. escape逃走；B. reverse扭转；C. identify识别；D. shape塑造。根据上文“The transformation of the news business is unstoppable”可知，新闻行业的转型是不可阻挡的，试图扭转这一局面注定要失败。故选B。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管这种转变确实引起了人们的关注，但在互联网时代的新闻业务嘈杂、多样、争论不断、生机勃勃的环境中，仍有很多值得庆祝的事情。A. technology技术；B. production制造；C. communication交流；D. transformation变化。对应上文“The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to”指新闻行业的转变。故选D。 15．考查名词短语辨析。句意：咖啡馆又回来了。A. news giant新闻巨头；B. coffee house咖啡厅；C. social networking社交网络；D. printed press印刷机。此处呼应第二段中“to something closer to the coffee house”指现在的新闻业正在回到咖啡馆时期。故选B。 （22-23高二上·上海长宁·期末）“Only when the tide goes out do you discover who is swimming naked.” This is a quote attributed to Warren Buffet, who is widely 1 to be one of the world's most successful investors of all time, with a net worth of over＄86 billion. What does it mean? Simply, you can’t appreciate the risks you (or a company) are taking until tested by 2 circumstances. In other words, in favorable market conditions, making a small fortune is 3 but hard. It is only when market conditions 4 that you can tell who has made solid investment decisions. This concept is more important than ever, as investing is literally just a few taps away on a smart-phone. This has 5 more young people to start their own financial ventures for the first time. According to a report published by The Shanghai Advanced Institute of Finance, about 60 percent of the Alipay financial management users are under 35, with a significant 6 born after 1990. The traditional impression of Chinese youth as big spenders clearly does not 7 everyone. And increasingly, the younger generation are moving away from the habits of their parents. They are more willing to put some of their earnings into financial products instead of just 8 the money into a bank account or buying an apartment. I 9 their decision. There is no doubt that it is critical for an individual to become financially literate. It means being able to set yourself short-and long-term financial goals, as well as to make good use of your 10 to meet these targets. For those who lack the skills and knowledge needed to make a budget, 11 spending, manage credit cards, and calculate interest on savings and loans, they will be more 12 to financial difficulties. A study conducted by the FINRA Foundation revealed that nearly two-thirds of Americans failed to pass a basic test of financial literacy. I am much more fortunate than them because my parents helped me open my first bank account when I was young and advised me on how to make 13 meet. New investors are riding a wave of growth in China that has been largely uninterrupted for decades now. They have never experienced a severe economic depression. Having a long life ahead of them, they have to keep on learning how to protect their wealth and to manage their risk— 14 setting ambitious goals for the growth of personal finances may be desirable. Or, as Buffet would likely advise those 15 investing for the first time: Dress appropriately and swim safe. 1．A．regarded B．thought C．considered D．estimated 2．A．positive B．various C．disadvantageous D．sarcastic 3．A．anything B．nothing C．everything D．something 4．A．sour B．soar C．sustain D．surge 5．A．guaranteed B．motivated C．tricked D．confirmed 6．A．sample B．ingredient C．number D．part 7．A．contribute to B．lead to C．switch to D．apply to 8．A．turning B．accumulating C．attributing D．depositing 9．A．fend B．adjust C．enhance D．applaud 10．A．sources B．resources C．magnitude D．funds 11．A．track B．streamline C．spot D．trigger 12．A．resistant B．open C．vulnerable D．easy 13．A．supplies B．demands C．ends D．money 14．A．as if B．just because C．only when D．even though 15．A．running toward B．diving into C．jumping into D．flying towards 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．D 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．C 14．D 15．B 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述投资不仅仅是赚钱，更重要的在于这样意味着能够为自己设定短期和长期的财务目标，以及充分利用自己的资源来实现自己的目标。 【详解】1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是引用沃伦·巴菲特的话，他被广泛认为是世界上最成功的投资者之一，净资产超过860亿美元。A. regarded 看待；将……认为；B. thought思考；C. considered考虑；D. estimated估计。短语：regard...as“把……看作”；consider sb. to be“把某人视为……”，结合本句中“to be one of the world's most successful investors of all time”，所以此处指把他视为是世界上最成功的投资者之一。故选C。 2.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：简单地说，你不能意识到你(或者一个公司)正在承担的风险，除非你遇到了不利的环境。A. positive积极的；B. various各种各样的；C. disadvantageous不利的；D. sarcastic讽刺的。根据前文“the risks you (or a company) are taking”，可知，你（或者公司）正在承受风险，所以此处指这是不利的情形。故选C。 3.考查代词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，在有利的市场条件下，小赚一笔根本不难。A. anything任何事物；B. nothing没有一件东西；C. everything所有东西；D. something一些东西。短语：anything but“绝不，根本不”；nothing but“就是”，结合本句中“in favorable market conditions”可知，市场条件有利，所以赚钱就容易。故选A。 4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有当市场状况恶化时，你才能知道谁做出了可靠的投资决策。A. sour边上（使）变坏，恶化；B. soar急升；猛增；C. sustain维持；D. surge汹涌；涌动。与前文比较可知，市场利好，赚钱容易。相反，条件不好，赚钱就难。根据前文“only when market conditions”可知，此处指市场状况恶化，故选A。 5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这激励了更多的年轻人第一次开始他们自己的金融事业。A. guaranteed保证；B. motivated刺激；激发……的积极性；C. tricked欺骗；欺诈；D. confirmed证实。根据前文“investing is literally just a few taps away on a smart-phone”下文“ to start their own financial ventures for the first time”可知，此处指更多地年轻人开始投资创业，所以他们是受到了激励，鼓舞，故选B。 6.考查名词词义辨析。句意：据上海高级金融研究院发布的一份报告显示，支付宝财务管理用户中约有60% 的人年龄在35岁以下，其中相当一部分出生于1990年以后。A. sample样品；B. ingredient成分；因素；C. number数量；D. part部分。根据前文“about 60 percent of the Alipay financial management users are under 35 ”可知此处指支付宝的用户的数量。故选C。 7.考查短语词义辨析。句意：中国年轻人的传统印象是挥金如土，这显然并不适用于所有人。A.contribute to为……做贡献；B.lead to 导致；C.switch to转向；D.apply to应用于。根据前文“traditional impression of Chinese youth as big spenders clearly does not ”及“everyone”可知，这种传统观念并不适用于每一个人。故选D。 8.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们更愿意把收入的一部分投入到金融产品中，而不仅仅是把钱存入银行账户或者买房。A. turning转变；B. accumulating积累；C. attributing把……归因于；D. depositing存储；将钱存入银行。根据设空后内容可知，他们不仅仅是把钱存入银行。故选D。 9.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我赞许这种决定。A. fend供养；保护；B. adjust调整；C. enhance加强；D. applaud赞许。根据下文“It means being able to set yourself short-and long-term financial goals”可知，我对这种决定是认可的。故选D。 10.考查名词词义辨析。句意：它意味着能够为自己设定短期和长期的财务目标，以及充分利用自己的资源来实现这些目标。A. sources来源；B. resources资源；C. magnitude重要性；D. funds资金。根据前文“being able to set yourself short-and long-term financial goals”可知此处指也能利用这些资源来实现自己的目标，故选B。 11.考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于那些缺乏制定预算、跟踪支出、管理信用卡、计算储蓄和贷款利息所需技能和知识的人来说，他们将更容易遭遇财务困难。A. track记录； B. streamline使（系统、机构等）效率更高； C. spot看见； D. trigger触发；引起。根据前文“those who lack the skills and knowledge needed to make a budget,”及下文“ manage credit cards, and calculate interest on savings and loans”可知，此处指对支出不做记录，故选A。 12.考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. resistant抵抗的；反抗的；B. open开放的；C. vulnerable易受伤的；易受影响的；D. easy容易的。根据前文“those who lack the skills and knowledge needed to make a budget, ___11__spending, manage credit cards, and calculate interest on savings and loans”及下文“ financial difficulties”可知，缺乏制定预算、跟踪支出、管理信用卡、计算储蓄和贷款利息所需技能和知识的人，所以就是容易受到财务困难的影响。故选C。 13.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我比他们幸运得多，因为我小时候父母帮我开了第一个银行账户，还教我如何收支平衡。A. supplies供需品；B. demands 要求；C. ends结束；末端；D. money钱。短语：make ends meet“使收支相抵，收支平衡”，结合句中“my parents helped me open my first bank account ”及“make___ meet”可知，此处指父母帮我在银行开了银行账户，使我收支平衡。故选C。 14.考查连词词义辨析。句意：面对漫长的人生，他们必须不断学习如何保护自己的财富和管理自己的风险——尽管为个人财务增长设定雄心勃勃的目标可能是可取的。A. as if 好像；B. just because就是因为；C. only when只有……才；D. even though即使。根据前文“keep on learning how to protect their wealth and to manage their risk”可知，要不断学习如何保护自己的财富和管理自己的风险。及下文“setting ambitious goals for the growth of personal finances may be desirable”可知，此处和前文为转折关系，尽管设定目标是可能的。故选D。 15.考查动词短语辨析。句意：或者，正如巴菲特可能会建议那些第一次投资的人: 穿着得体，游泳安全。A. running toward朝……跑；B. diving into 潜入；C. jumping into跳入；D. flying towards朝……飞。根据下文“Dress appropriately and swim safe”可知，穿着得体，游泳安全。此处把投资比作跳水，故选B。 （21-22高二上·上海·期末）It’s fourteen years since I left the Philippines to live with my family in the USA．A month ago, while on summer vacation back in my motherland, I learned a lesson from mosquito bites. Right before leaving Kennedy Airport in New York, my grandma 1 me of the behavior of the native mosquitoes around the 191 like me. She said, “There’s an old saying ---the 192 you stay away from the motherland, the sweeter your blood 193 to the mosquitoes.” Not 194 it,” I replied, “Grandma, that’s just an old wives’ tale!” Well, less than a week after my arrival in Manila, I was already carpeted with a 195 of mosquito bites. I took many measures to keep myself from being 196 , but they all proved useless. Late one night in my cousin’s home, I couldn’t bear the 197 of the bites. Hoping to find some comfort, I 2 my cousin, who was sleeping peacefully in the bed next to mine. Unhappy for being 3 , she said, “There is nothing you can do. Go back to sleep.” With a few turns, she slept again. Enviously 4 her sleep, I hoped a big mosquito would 5 on her face. However, the mosquitoes would just lightly dance around her forehead and fly away quickly, never biting her. Amazed, I ran to others’ rooms, only to find they were all sleeping 6 as the same thing occurred again and again. From those bites, I came to 7 my grandma’s silly tale. From then on, I’ve always tried to keep a(n) 8 mind about those strange old wives’ tales because they do have some truth to them. 1．A．persuaded B．reminded C．warned D．informed 2．A．students B．foreigners C．passengers D．visitors 3．A．earlier B．longer C．sooner D．later 4．A．grows B．goes C．flows D．remains 5．A．expecting B．understanding C．recognizing D．believing 6．A．shade B．pile C．cloud D．blanket 7．A．touched B．bitten C．defeated D．discovered 8．A．noise B．hit C．pain D．effect 9．A．woke up B．shouted at C．looked for D．dropped on 10．A．blamed B．interrupted C．moved D．frightened 11．A．having B．watching C．making D．helping 12．A．land B．fly C．fall D．wait 13．A．joyfully B．anxiously C．soundlessly D．worriedly 14．A．tell B．know C．remember D．accept 15．A．open B．active C．clear D．honest 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．A 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者祖母告诉作者你远离祖国的时间越长，你的血液对蚊子来说就越香甜，作者起初并不相信，但是在作者在到达马尼拉不到一个星期后，被蚊子叮咬后，想出各种办法防止蚊子叮咬，但都没有用；而当地人却没有受到蚊子的叮咬，所以作者开始接受祖母说的传说。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在离开纽约肯尼迪机场之前，我奶奶警告我要注意像我这样的游客周围的蚊子的行为。A. persuaded说服；B. reminded提醒；C. warned警告；D. informed通知。根据后句“ the behavior of the native mosquitoes”（当地蚊子的行为）warn sb of sth警告某人某事，结合句意。故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. students学生；B. foreigners外国人； C. passengers乘客；D. visitors参观者。根据上文“Right before leaving Kennedy Airport in New York”（就在离开纽约肯尼迪机场之前）。可知是作者旅客。故选D。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你远离祖国的时间越长，你的血液对蚊子来说就越香甜。A. earlier更早的；B. longer更长的；C. sooner更快的；D. later更晚的。根据后句“the sweeter your blood 　　4　　 to the mosquitoes”（你的血液对蚊子来说就越香甜）可知是离家越久，血液会越香甜。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. grows变的； B. goes前进； C. flows流动；D. remains仍然。grow意为“变成”，后接形容词，意为“渐渐变得”，强调“逐渐变化”的过程、表示“你离开自己的祖国时间越长，你的血液对蚊子来说变得更甜”.go意为“变得”，主语多是物，往往指向坏的方面转变.flow意为“流，流动";remain意为"保持，逗留，剩余，残存"。故答案为A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：并不相信，我回复到“奶奶，那只是一个古老的传说”。A. expecting期待；B. understanding理解；C. recognizing辨认出；D. believing相信。根据下文中作者对她祖母说的话“ Grandma, that s just an old wives tale”（奶奶，那只是一个古老的传说）可判断出她不相信祖母所说的话。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我到达马尼拉不到一个星期后，我就已经被蚊子叮咬了。A. shade阴凉处；B. pile堆；C. cloud云；D. blanket毯子。根据后句“I took many measures to keep myself from being 　　7　　, but they all proved useless.”（我采取了许多措施来防止自己被咬，但它们都证明是没用的。）a blanket of mosquito bites(一大片被蚊子咬的地方)指作者的身上被蚊子都叮遍了。故选D。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我采取了许多措施来防止自己被咬，但它们都证明是没用的。A. touched触摸；B. bitten咬；C. defeated打败；D. discovered发现。根据后句“but they all proved useless.”（但它们都证明是没用的。）可知作者想办法阻止自己被咬，故选B。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天深夜，在我表妹家，我无法忍受叮咬的疼痛。A. noise噪音；B. hit打；C. pain痛苦；D. effect影响。根据后句“Hoping to find some comfort”（希望能得到一些安慰）可知作者无法忍受叮咬的疼痛。故选C。 9．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：希望能得到一些安慰，我叫醒了我的表妹，她正在我旁边的床上平静地睡觉。A. woke up唤醒；B. shouted at对…大喊；C. looked for寻找；D. dropped on突然访问。根据后句“… was sleeping peacefully in the bed next to mine”（她正在我旁边的床上平静地睡觉）可知是作者叫醒了表妹。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她很不高兴被打扰了，便说:你也没有办法。继续睡觉。A. blamed责备；B. interrupted打扰；C. moved感动；D. frightened害怕。根据上句“who was sleeping peacefully in the bed next to mine”（她正在我旁边的床上平静地睡觉）可知是作者叫表妹，打扰了表妹睡觉。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我羡慕地看着她睡觉，希望一只大蚊子会落在她脸上。A. having拥有；B. watching观察； C. making制作；D. helping帮助。根据下文 “However,the mosquitoes would just lightly dance around her forehead and fly away quickly, never biting her.”（然而，蚊子只是在她的前额上轻轻跳着舞，很快地飞走了，从不咬她）可判断作者出注视着表妹睡觉。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. land着陆；B. fly飞；C. fall下降；D. wait等待。根据上文中的“Enviously watching her sleep"可判断出出于妒忌，作者希望一个大蚊子落在表妹的脸上。故选A。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我惊奇地跑到其他房间，只发现他们都在无声地睡觉，同样的事情一次又一次地发生。A. joyfully高兴地；B. anxiously焦虑地；C. soundlessly无声的；D. worriedly担心地。根据上文中的“who was sleeping peacefully in the bed next to mine”（安静地睡在我旁边的床上）和下文中的“as the same thing occurred again and again”（因为同样的事情一再发生）可判断出另外那个房间的人们也在熟睡中。故选C。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从这些咬伤中，我开始接受奶奶愚蠢的故事。A. tell告诉；B. know知道；C. remember记得；D. accept接受。根据上文的内容可判断出由于蚊子把作者的全身都叮遍了，她想出各种办法防止蚊子叮咬，但都没有用，而当地人却没有受到蚊子的叮咬，所以作者开始接受祖母说的传说，故选D。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我对那些奇怪的老妇人的故事总是尽量保持开放的心态，因为它们确实有些真实。A. open开放的； B. active积极的； C. clear清楚的； D. honest诚实的。根据后句“because they do have some truth to them.”（因为他们确实有一些真理）open mind意为“思想开放”，表示对那些奇怪的传说保持思想开放的态度。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 完形填空12篇 （23-24高二上·上海·期末）She wants to be a singer; you think she should go for a long-term career with job security and eventually retire with a good pension. But a new report suggests that in fact she’s the practical one. Why do parents make terrible careers 1 ? Today’s 14 and 15-year-olds are 2 . They are optimistic about their prospects, but their career ideas are rather 3 . Although 80% of them have no intention of following in their parents’ footsteps, 69% still 4 their parents for advice. They look at their working future in a different way to their parents. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is 5 but pays the bills. In the past, this might have counted as bad news. Certainly when I was 15, my guidance counselors were horrified at my plans to become a writer. I’m glad I didn’t change my plans to suit them. But the world has changed. The global economy is not 6 to yesterday’s diligent and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the initiative. This means it is not 7 being unrealistic that a 14-year-old sees her working future as a kind of 8 to be made up as she goes along. 9 , she has to have the training and guidance to help her develop the right skills for today’s market. Many young people 10 that redundancy (冗余), downsizing (裁员) and freelancing (自由职业) are all part of modern working life, but no one is telling them how they might be able to turn the new rules of the 11 game to their advantage. This is what they need to know if they are to make a life for themselves. So what is to be done? A good first step would be to 12 the way in which schools prepare young people or adult life. The education system is becoming less flexible and sticks more to traditional skills at just the time that the job market is going in the 13 direction. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to 14 all the advice that your parents gave you, and step into your teenager’s shoes. Give them the courage to follow their dreams ---- however odd they might sound right now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, ambition is a terrible thing to 15 . 1．A．advisers B．planners C．reformers D．pursuers 2．A．curious B．ambitious C．depressed D．unrealistic 3．A．inspiring B．clear C．changeable D．vague 4．A．turn to B．turn up C．turn out D．turn into 5．A．well-paid B．temporary C．boring D．rewarding 6．A．common B．opposed C．kind D．devoted 7．A．normally B．necessarily C．nearly D．generally 8．A．adventure B．terminal C．destiny D．reality 9．A．Finally B．Instead C．Therefore D．However 10．A．claim B．declare C．conclude D．perceive 11．A．competition B．employment C．knowledge D．modernization 12．A．translate B．transport C．transform D．transfer 13．A．opposite B．former C．regular D．inevitable 14．A．take B．forget C．recall D．spoil 15．A．inherit B．keep C．simplify D．waste （23-24高二下·上海杨浦·期末）                                                                                              Our Extraordinary Brains The 1.4-kilogram organ inside each person's head is the most complex part of the human body. This remarkable organ, the brain, not only 1 body movements and shapes people's behavior but also decodes sensory inputs and is the seat of intelligence. These facts have been scientifically proven, but a lot of what we believe about the brain is based on 2 . What percentage of your brain do you actually use? The statistic that has been circulating for about a century is 10 percent, sometimes 20, suggesting that we haven't fully tapped into our full mental 3 . But that is merely a misconception. While our brains do have some reserves, scans have shown that a large portion of our brains are 4 in even the simplest of tasks. If you're artistic, you might   5 that you are mostly drawing upon the right side of your brain. If you're logical, you may have been led to believe you favor your left brain. While both of these hemispheres (脑半球) do exist, one is not considered to be 6 over the other. They are intricately (错综复杂地) connected, with both hemispheres 7 in all mental activities. Parents want “smart” children and perhaps have heard that playing classical music to their unborn child or to their infant increases their chances of being intelligent. However, a (n) 8 analysis of relevant studies fails to establish a direct correlation between brain development and 9 to classical music. Many believe that a person's genes totally determine intelligence. While genetics   10 plays an important role, other factors such as nutrition, education, home environment, and available resources also 11 significantly. The topic of a child's capability to learn multiple languages at the same time has sparked   12 debate. The belief that children will   13 languages and not develop any language properly has been the basis for educational policies for years. 14 to this belief, evidence indicates that young children gain a better knowledge of language structures overall when learning two languages simultaneously. Such myths have persisted for ages, 15 never-ending discussions. Yet one unquestionable truth remains: the brain is truly an amazing organ. 1．A．expands B．initiates C．follows D．reflects 2．A．fiction B．fact C．theory D．statistics 3．A．confusion B．comfort C．capacity D．stability 4．A．engaged B．buried C．wrapped D．absorbed 5．A．guarantee B．indicate C．demonstrate D．assume 6．A．superior B．senior C．dominant D．crucial 7．A．involving B．cooperating C．transforming D．disturbing 8．A．abstract B．comprehensive C．sensitive D．efficient 9．A．exposure B．approach C．objection D．response 10．A．unexpectedly B．exceptionally C．undoubtedly D．continuously 11．A．suffer B．clarify C．contribute D．interact 12．A．outstanding B．considerable C．desperate D．optimistic 13．A．mix up B．give up C．back up D．pick up 14．A．Relevant B．Similar C．Familiar D．Contrary 15．A．submitting B．generating C．indicating D．advocating （23-24高二上·上海·期末）Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we’ve just watched or books we’ve just finished reading, but plain and simple 1 . Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 2 do with it? We gossip. About others’ behaviour and private lives, such as who’s doing what with whom, who’s in and who’s out—and why; how to deal with difficult 3 situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues. So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural 4 , of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 5 issues. Dunbar 6 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar— 7 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip. Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 8 of the higher primates(灵长类动物) like monkeys. By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 9 from outside it. As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 10 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 11 it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to 12 the pressure and calm everybody down. But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 13 to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 14 kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 15 contact. 1．A．gesture B．gossip C．description D．recognition 2．A．occasionally B．habitually C．discreetly D．originally 3．A．historical B．natural C．social D．cultural 4．A．wasters B．users C．masters D．owners 5．A．witty B．vivid C．vital D．worthless 6．A．supposes B．rejects C．highlights D．outlines 7．A．on the contrary B．for instance C．in addition D．as a result 8．A．comprehension B．appearance C．motivation D．behaviour 9．A．contact B．attack C．assistance D．trick 10．A．concludes B．recalls C．requires D．confesses 11．A．protection B．prospect C．responsibility D．promise 12．A．echo B．blame C．ease D．preserve 13．A．established B．extended C．earned D．consumed 14．A．efficient B．scientific C．considerate D．common 15．A．regular B．independent C．widespread D．physical （23-24高二上·上海浦东新·期末）Today’s youth will drive tomorrow’s growth. Young people have always confused their elders. Today’s youngsters are no different. They have thin wallets but 1 tastes. They long for authenticity while being constantly immersed in an artificial digital world. They 2 convenience and abundance. As they start spending in earnest, brands are trying to understand what these walking paradoxes (悖论) 3 and how they shop. The answers will define the next era of consumerism. A good place to start analyzing the psyche of young consumer is to consider the 4 that has shaped them. At one end of the scale, today’s 30-somethings came of age in the midst of the global financial crisis of 2007-2009. Their younger peers were slightly 5 , beginning their careers in years when tightening labour markets had pushed up wages until the covid-19 pandemic turned many of their lives upside down. These two big 6 have contributed to pessimism among the young people who experienced them. A study found a widespread 7 among Gen Zs that they would be able to afford to retire. Less than half believed they would ever own a home. In many ways youngsters’ shopping habits, like their lives, are defined by the “ 8 economy”. The popularity of social media means there are many new ways of attracting consumers’ eyeballs. Most young shoppers never knew a world without smartphones. More than two-thirds of 18- to 34-year-old Americans spend four hours or more on their devices each day. These “always-on purchasers” often avoid a weekly shop so that they can have quicker 9 of everything from fashion to furniture. They like subscriptions, often favoring shared access to products over outright ownership, which has 10 online-rental sites and streaming services. The internet has also changed how the young discover brands. Print, billboard or TV advertising has 11 social media. Instagram and TikTok are where the young look for inspiration, particularly for goods where 12 matter, such as beauty, fashion, and sportswear. 13 physical shops are not entirely out of favor. They can be successful as long as the experience feels personal and, ideally, integrates virtual and physical worlds. How the young shop is clearly shifting. What they buy, too, is changing. What older generations consider optional, such as wellness and luxury, has become 14 for the young. More broadly, young consumers claim to be more 15 than previous generations. Some of these values are centered around identity (race, gender and so on). Others stem from things the young care about, such as climate change. 1．A．pleasant B．expensive C．mild D．refreshing 2．A．prize B．boast C．mix D．challenge 3．A．recycle B．desire C．deliver D．package 4．A．education B．institution C．family D．economy 5．A．busier B．luckier C．stronger D．calmer 6．A．reforms B．ends C．trends D．shocks 7．A．doubt B．opposition C．criticism D．ignorance 8．A．bubble B．attention C．knowledge D．green 9．A．refunds B．possessions C．fixes D．trials 10．A．approved B．facilitated C．reversed D．updated 11．A．made peace with B．made up for C．run parallel to D．given way to 12．A．looks B．scents C．textures D．atmospheres 13．A．However B．Hence C．Apparently D．Otherwise 14．A．souvenirs B．essentials C．memories D．treasures 15．A．dream-connected B．hobbies-motivated C．values-driven D．money-focused （23-24高二上·上海·期末）How Coronavirus Is Changing the Dating Game for the Better If you are single and dating, you are no doubt facing special challenges during this pandemic. But as a biological anthropologist (人类学家) who has spent some 40 years studying romantic love around the world and the brain activity of this ancient and universal human passion, I have come to recognize that in some ways, coronavirus has given you a 1 . Foremost, coronavirus has 2 things down. This pandemic has forced singles to return to a more traditional 3 : getting to know someone before falling in love. I am hopeful that the 4 mode of dating will give singles additional time to select a truly appropriate mate as well as enable romance to develop slowly — even flourish long term. Let’s look at some of the ways in which coronavirus has changed the dating game, and how those changes might provide some lasting benefits. Video Chats Are In During the second weekend of April, dating site Match.com asked members several questions about how they have changed their courtship habits since the world shut down. An astonishing 6,004 men and women 5 . And they are doing something new: video chatting. Before COVID-19, only six percent of these singles were using video chatting to court. Now, 69 percent are 6 to video chatting with a potential partner. And there are some real advantages to seeing these potential partners on FaceTime, Zoom, or some other internet 7 . We are walking billboards of who we are. Your haircut (or lack of haircut during these pandemic times), your preppy shirt, your revealing blouse ... All these and many more visible traits (特质) signal your 8 , education, and interests. 9 , specific brain regions respond almost 10 to assess two things about a likely mate: their personality and their physical appeal. We do this within seconds of seeing him or her. Time to Talk During the coronavirus lockdowns, many of you now have more time. You are not 11 in the morning, commuting to work, or meeting pals after office hours. Many of you have more time to talk. 12 , you have something important to talk about. During this pandemic, singles are likely to share far more 13 thoughts of fear and hope - and get to know vital things about a potential partner fast. Psychologists report that this 14 — the process of disclosing one’s innermost feelings, attitudes and experiences - promotes closeness, love and 15 . These are the foundation stones of a strong partnership. 1．A．concern B．gift C．theory D．promise 2．A．tied B．torn C．worn D．slowed 3．A．circle B．ceremony C．pattern D．method 4．A．rediscovered B．efficient C．creative D．unwanted 5．A．agreed B．declined C．replied D．engaged 6．A．linked B．open C．limited D．reduced 7．A．platform B．website C．connection D．access 8．A．experience B．taste C．partner D．background 9．A．Indeed B．Therefore C．Also D．However 10．A．completely B．instantly C．positively D．appropriately 11．A．dressing B．studying C．oversleeping D．video-chatting 12．A．Instead B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Moreover 13．A．meaningful B．comforting C．disturbing D．immediate 14．A．self-improvement B．self-reflection C．self-consciousness D．self-revelation 15．A．commitment B．favor C．partnership D．confidence （23-24高二上·上海·期末）The serious business of being a social influencer This week China promised a tax-evasion punishment on social-media influencers, who are paid by brands to promote products online to their followers. The size of that levy (征收税) shows the 1 scale of the industry, which accounts for 12% of online sales in China. Outside China, influencers are also likely to have a(n) 2 role in e-commerce. For all firms with brands, it is time to realize that influencing is more than just a hobby. The use of personal endorsements used to be about 3 existing celebrity power. For example, Michael Jordan’s deal in 1984 with Nike revolutionized both basketball and branding. Influencers turn the logic on its head: selling things helps make them more famous. Through clipped videos and filtered photos they offer recommendations to consumers, together with glimpses into their daily lives to increase the 4 . Total spending on influencers by brands could reach $16bn this year. The number of wannabe influencers outside China is in the millions. 5 , only under 100,000 of them get most profit. Their staying power suggests that they add value in several ways. Influencers’ networks reach new audiences, 6 younger shoppers. And influencers are 7 proficient in a way that old-style brand ambassadors never were. They can quickly 8 and utilize newer platforms like TikTok. Yet one-third of brands do not use influencers. They worry about their reputation. Despite the risk, ignoring influencers is a mistake. Their 9 of digital advertising budgets is still low at 3%, but it is rising fast. The 10 between entertainment and e-commerce is becoming unclear. The most popular marketing strategy of the 2010s—ads targeted through Google and Facebook—is under threat as new privacy standards make it harder to 11 potential customers. To make full use of influencers, brands should set a clear strategy. They should expect more regulation on consumer protection. The guiding 12 should be to use only influencers who disclose to their audiences that their posts are paid. Brands should also 13 new analytical tools that help them measure the performance of influencers. These tools should help to 14 the cheat from the stars. It used to be said that only half of all advertising spending worked, but it was impossible to know which half. Now brands can control only half of what influencers say, but they may be able to calculate 100% of the 15 they add. 1．A．abnormal B．narrow C．large D．intangible 2．A．enduring B．insignificant C．typical D．useless 3．A．giving rise to B．taking advantage of C．putting aside D．looking forward to 4．A．assessment B．credibility C．contrast D．influence 5．A．however B．likewise C．moreover D．consequently 6．A．as well as B．additionally C．eventually D．particularly 7．A．economically B．socially C．technologically D．fundamentally 8．A．come across B．adapt to C．take up D．bring about 9．A．share B．profit C．occurrence D．impact 10．A．cooperation B．conflict C．borderline D．transformation 11．A．recommend to B．set about C．turn away D．spy on 12．A．reform B．discipline C．principle D．concept 13．A．embrace B．evaluate C．advertise D．question 14．A．ban B．defend C．shelter D．distinguish 15．A．value B．potential C．damage D．risks （23-24高二上·上海·期末）Stay out of the Sun to Look Young Forget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun’s rays looked up to 20 years younger than they were. On the other hand, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion (肤色),from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to 1 the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn’t possible, made a 2 , the American Academy of Dermatology’s annual conference will hear today. The interesting 3 comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether they were sun-lovers. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US -- commissioned by skincare firm Olay -- guessed how old the women were, they found those who 4 in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. A lucky four had so few wrinkles and 5 spots, and such a fresh complexion, that they appeared to be a full two decades younger than they really were. Researcher Dr. Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology (皮肤医学),said the 6 advice that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth (谬见)，and the body is ‘pretty good’ at judging how much we need. Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reached a(n) 7 conclusion. Experts there said: ‘Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the appearance of skin.’ It isn’t clear why the women who 8 well didn’t have younger-looking skin. But it may be that the question they were asked was too 9 and didn’t take into account their long-term sleep patterns. A second study, also by Olay, suggested that low-level day to day exposure to the sun is more ageing than occasional 10 exposure. Finally, DNA examination of tiny samples of the women’s skin helped understand the 11 done by the sun. A gene called CDKN2A was more active in facial skin that is exposed to the sun than in samples taken from the bottoms. This gene was also more active in women who said they loved the 12 and in those who looked older. Dr. Kimball said CDKN2A activity is a 13 that a cell is ‘tired out’ and urged women should protect their skin year round and not just when on a beach holiday. Dr. Frauke Neuser, principal scientist at Olay, which has used the research to develop its latest 14 creams, said：‘This research gives us a detailed picture of the effect of sun exposure on skin ageing and illustrate the importance of protection on a 15 basis.’ 1．A．set out B．aim at C．stick to D．hold back 2．A．mistake B．proposal C．difference D．comment 3．A．perspective B．proposal C．prospect D．possibility 4．A．cheered up B．played tricks C．kept fit D．took care 5．A．age B．trouble C．scenic D．weak 6．A．fascinating B．popular C．ambitious D．reliable 7．A．optimistic B．similar C．energetic D．smart 8．A．ate B．exercised C．acted D．slept 9．A．current B．moderate C．narrow D．ridiculous 10．A．intense B．unsuspecting C．adventurous D．relaxing 11．A．firmness B．damage C．endurance D．victim 12．A．sleep B．water C．skin D．sun 13．A．recommendation B．point C．sign D．compliment 14．A．lip B．face C．ear D．neck 15．A．former B．familiar C．daily D．precise （23-24高二上·上海·期末）She wants to be a singer. You think she should go for a long-term career with job security and eventually retire with a good pension (退休金). But a new report suggests that in fact she’s the practical one. Why do parents make terrible careers 1 ? Today’s 14 and 15-year-olds are 2 . They look at their working future in a different way from their parents’. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is 3 but pays the bills. In the past, this might be considered as 4 news. Certainly, when I was 15, my guidance mentor 5 my plans to become a writer. I’m glad I didn’t change my plans to suit them. But the world has changed. The global economy is not 6 to yesterday’s diligent and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the 7 . This means that a 14-year-old who sees her working future as a kind of 8 is not necessarily being unrealistic. 9 , she has to have the training and guidance to help her develop the right skills for today’s market. Many young people 10 that downsizing (裁员) and freelancing (自由职业) are all part of modern working life, but no one is telling them how they might be able to turn the new rules of the 11 game to their advantage. This is what they need to know if they are to make a life for themselves. So what is to be done? A most important step would be to 12 the way in which schools prepare young people for adult life. The education system is becoming less flexible and sticks more to traditional skills at just the time that the job market is going in the 13 direction. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to 14 all the advice that your parents gave you, and step into your teenager’s shoes. Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however strange they might sound now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, imagination is a terrible thing to 15 . 1．A．advisers B．pioneers C．reformers D．pursuers 2．A．curious B．realistic C．depressed D．ambitious 3．A．well-paid B．temporary C．boring D．rewarding 4．A．big B．bad C．exciting D．latest 5．A．were ignorant of B．were horrified at C．were amazed at D．were conscious of 6．A．common B．opposed C．kind D．committed 7．A．initiative B．responsibility C．advantage D．measure 8．A．reality B．terminal C．destiny D．adventure 9．A．Instead B．However C．Therefore D．Moreover 10．A．object B．declare C．conclude D．understand 11．A．competition B．employment C．knowledge D．modernisation 12．A．neglect B．follow C．change D．cancel 13．A．opposite B．former C．regular D．inevitable 14．A．take B．forget C．recall D．spoil 15．A．inherit B．keep C．simplify D．waste （22-23高二上·上海·期末）Scientists in the U. S. have developed a new training program for the brain that they say can make you smarter. Called “Gist(主旨)Reasoning Training,” the program developed out of the University of Texas at Dallas goes beyond standard memory recall and information 1 tests and improves cognitive performance by 2 the brain in areas like strategic attention, integrated reasoning and innovation, they claim. To start, participants - who ranged from teenagers and healthy adults to brain injury victims and seniors at risk for Alzheimer’s disease - were 3 with filtering competing information and focusing on only important, essential components. They were also instructed to 4 the information, finding common 5 or developing generalized statements from what they were reading. Each strategy was designed to build on the previous exercise. Participants were encouraged to apply the same mental strategies outside the training sessions. After about a dozen 45- to 60- minute sessions, conducted over two months, cognitive 6 were recorded in areas like abstraction, reasoning and innovation, scientists said, and by extension, also improved memory, planning and problem solving. “What’s exciting about this work is that in randomized trials 7 gist reasoning training to memory training, we found that it was not learning new information that engaged widespread brain networks and 8 cognitive performance, but rather actually 9 processing of information and using that information in new ways that augmented brain performance,” said the study co-author Sandra Bond Chapman in a statement. 10 helping seniors improve their cognitive function in old age, a strategic and more analytical approach to brain boosting exercises could also be used by young people to develop an early 11 , and help middle-aged adults sharpen their skills and remain“ 12 healthy,” scientists say. The study was published in the journal Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience. Research out of the University of Los Angeles California published last year also found that older adults who 13 used a brain-fitness program called Dakim Brain Fitness improved their memory and language skills. Another 14 way to keep mentally fit? Hit the pavement and go for a run or brisk walk, as it’s been well 15 that physical activity is an effective brain booster. 1．A．preserving B．progressing C．processing D．protecting 2．A．challenging B．exchanging C．transplanting D．transforming 3．A．provided B．tasked C．connected D．mixed 4．A．offer B．search C．investigate D．interpret 5．A．themes B．senses C．knowledge D．claims 6．A．performances B．gains C．benefits D．procedures 7．A．referring B．applying C．comparing D．turning 8．A．reduced B．elevated C．advanced D．faded 9．A．clearer B．vaguer C．wider D．deeper 10．A．Instead of B．But for C．In addition to D．In terms of 11．A．advantage B．disadvantage C．innocence D．conscience 12．A．physically B．physiologically C．psychologically D．mentally 13．A．regularly B．irregularly C．reluctantly D．illegally 14．A．imaginary B．proven C．stimulating D．complicated 15．A．authorized B．accomplished C．established D．organized （22-23高二上·上海·期末）Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns (酒馆) and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news, noted one observer. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun, 1 the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way 2 into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media. Now, the news industry is 3 to something closer to the coffee house. The Internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the 4 characteristics of “the era before the mass media”. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp 5 in readership in rich countries. Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and 6 events in profoundly different ways. Most 7 ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere report what they are seeing. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends. And it is not just readers who are 8 the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important channels of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data 9 through open government initiatives. The Internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new 10 of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to fame in a very short space of time. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press giants and state outlets. 11 , every liberal (自由人) should celebrate this. A more 12 news environment with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to 13 it are doomed to failure. As producers of new journalism, individuals can be cautious of facts and transparent (透明的) with their sources. As consumers, they can be general in their tastes and demanding in their standards. And although this 14 does raise concerns there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse, argumentative and alive environment of the news business in the ages of the Internet. The 15 is back. Enjoy it. 1．A．rejected B．substituted C．pioneered D．celebrated 2．A．conversation B．culture C．channel D．business 3．A．applying B．returning C．contributing D．clinging 4．A．comparable B．desirable C．delicate D．free 5．A．turn B．difference C．decline D．contrast 6．A．making up for B．keeping up with C．giving rise to D．shifting away from 7．A．strikingly B．ironically C．likely D．recently 8．A．embracing B．challenging C．subscribing D．regulating 9．A．trustworthy B．readable C．available D．incredible 10．A．providers B．witnesses C．consumers D．collectors 11．A．For example B．By comparison C．By chance D．In principle 12．A．participatory B．complex C．rewarding D．innovative 13．A．escape B．reverse C．identify D．shape 14．A．technology B．production C．communication D．transformation 15．A．news giant B．coffee house C．social networking D．printed press （22-23高二上·上海长宁·期末）“Only when the tide goes out do you discover who is swimming naked.” This is a quote attributed to Warren Buffet, who is widely 1 to be one of the world's most successful investors of all time, with a net worth of over＄86 billion. What does it mean? Simply, you can’t appreciate the risks you (or a company) are taking until tested by 2 circumstances. In other words, in favorable market conditions, making a small fortune is 3 but hard. It is only when market conditions 4 that you can tell who has made solid investment decisions. This concept is more important than ever, as investing is literally just a few taps away on a smart-phone. This has 5 more young people to start their own financial ventures for the first time. According to a report published by The Shanghai Advanced Institute of Finance, about 60 percent of the Alipay financial management users are under 35, with a significant 6 born after 1990. The traditional impression of Chinese youth as big spenders clearly does not 7 everyone. And increasingly, the younger generation are moving away from the habits of their parents. They are more willing to put some of their earnings into financial products instead of just 8 the money into a bank account or buying an apartment. I 9 their decision. There is no doubt that it is critical for an individual to become financially literate. It means being able to set yourself short-and long-term financial goals, as well as to make good use of your 10 to meet these targets. For those who lack the skills and knowledge needed to make a budget, 11 spending, manage credit cards, and calculate interest on savings and loans, they will be more 12 to financial difficulties. A study conducted by the FINRA Foundation revealed that nearly two-thirds of Americans failed to pass a basic test of financial literacy. I am much more fortunate than them because my parents helped me open my first bank account when I was young and advised me on how to make 13 meet. New investors are riding a wave of growth in China that has been largely uninterrupted for decades now. They have never experienced a severe economic depression. Having a long life ahead of them, they have to keep on learning how to protect their wealth and to manage their risk— 14 setting ambitious goals for the growth of personal finances may be desirable. Or, as Buffet would likely advise those 15 investing for the first time: Dress appropriately and swim safe. 1．A．regarded B．thought C．considered D．estimated 2．A．positive B．various C．disadvantageous D．sarcastic 3．A．anything B．nothing C．everything D．something 4．A．sour B．soar C．sustain D．surge 5．A．guaranteed B．motivated C．tricked D．confirmed 6．A．sample B．ingredient C．number D．part 7．A．contribute to B．lead to C．switch to D．apply to 8．A．turning B．accumulating C．attributing D．depositing 9．A．fend B．adjust C．enhance D．applaud 10．A．sources B．resources C．magnitude D．funds 11．A．track B．streamline C．spot D．trigger 12．A．resistant B．open C．vulnerable D．easy 13．A．supplies B．demands C．ends D．money 14．A．as if B．just because C．only when D．even though 15．A．running toward B．diving into C．jumping into D．flying towards （21-22高二上·上海·期末）It’s fourteen years since I left the Philippines to live with my family in the USA．A month ago, while on summer vacation back in my motherland, I learned a lesson from mosquito bites. Right before leaving Kennedy Airport in New York, my grandma 1 me of the behavior of the native mosquitoes around the 191 like me. She said, “There’s an old saying ---the 192 you stay away from the motherland, the sweeter your blood 193 to the mosquitoes.” Not 194 it,” I replied, “Grandma, that’s just an old wives’ tale!” Well, less than a week after my arrival in Manila, I was already carpeted with a 195 of mosquito bites. I took many measures to keep myself from being 196 , but they all proved useless. Late one night in my cousin’s home, I couldn’t bear the 197 of the bites. Hoping to find some comfort, I 2 my cousin, who was sleeping peacefully in the bed next to mine. Unhappy for being 3 , she said, “There is nothing you can do. Go back to sleep.” With a few turns, she slept again. Enviously 4 her sleep, I hoped a big mosquito would 5 on her face. However, the mosquitoes would just lightly dance around her forehead and fly away quickly, never biting her. Amazed, I ran to others’ rooms, only to find they were all sleeping 6 as the same thing occurred again and again. From those bites, I came to 7 my grandma’s silly tale. From then on, I’ve always tried to keep a(n) 8 mind about those strange old wives’ tales because they do have some truth to them. 1．A．persuaded B．reminded C．warned D．informed 2．A．students B．foreigners C．passengers D．visitors 3．A．earlier B．longer C．sooner D．later 4．A．grows B．goes C．flows D．remains 5．A．expecting B．understanding C．recognizing D．believing 6．A．shade B．pile C．cloud D．blanket 7．A．touched B．bitten C．defeated D．discovered 8．A．noise B．hit C．pain D．effect 9．A．woke up B．shouted at C．looked for D．dropped on 10．A．blamed B．interrupted C．moved D．frightened 11．A．having B．watching C．making D．helping 12．A．land B．fly C．fall D．wait 13．A．joyfully B．anxiously C．soundlessly D．worriedly 14．A．tell B．know C．remember D．accept 15．A．open B．active C．clear D．honest 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$