语法填空学案（含讲解笔记和练习） 2025届人教版高考总复习

高中英语语法填空教案 学生姓名 性别 年级 学科 英语 授课教师 上课时间 教学课题 高考语法填空 —— 答题技巧 教学目标 认知目标： 1. Talk about how to study. 学会讨论各种学习方法和策略。 2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出适合自己的学习方法。 情感目标： 通过对学习方法的学习，培养学生用正确而科学的方法做事的能力，明白“一份耕耘，一份收获”。激发学生学习的信心。 教学重点与难点 重点：高考卷中语法填空的相关解题技巧 难点：历年全国各地高考卷中语法填空的正确完成 教学过程 高考专项——语法填空 一、语法填空题概述： 语法填空题是给出200字左右的一段短文或对话，段落中给出10个填空，其中6-7个填空是给出一个单词，填写它的正确形式，如形容词的比较级和最高级、动词的时态或语态、定语从句、非谓语动词、冠词、连词、名词单复数及所有格或不同词性间相互转化等，其余3-4个填空是结合上下文直接填词（1个适当的单词）。这要求考生既要掌握熟练的语法知识，还要有一定的语言阅读能力。从单选题那种单独句子中的单独的语法考核，到短文中的语法实际应用，此次题型转变得更加灵活。 考题的难易程度应该是有所下降的，刻板的单纯语法考题将逐渐消失，基础知识好的考生完成语法填空题应该不成问题。针对语法填空题如何复习，提醒考生，应继续进行语法知识的复习，加强对词汇本身用法，如主、被动语态，固定短语搭配，冠词、连词等运用进行复习。 二、语篇语法填空试题特点： 1.“把‘题’设在有一定语境和语义确定了的文段中”是高考命题的宗旨。 2.从样题的设空特点来看，它不仅重视对语言基础知识——词法、句法的考查，考生须灵活运用 语法知识，如单词词性、动词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。 3.题型设置分三种类型。 1. 填实义词 -- 提示词4个（61.happen, 63. go, 64. early, 65. make) 。用括号内单词的正确形式填空，主 要涉及：动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级等语法考点。 ( B) 填功能词 --纯空格3个（62. when, 67. it, 68.the ) 。在空白处填入适当的内容。空后无提示词， 要求考生根据文意、上下连贯性和行文逻辑，填入一个适当的词，包括连词、代词、限定词 (冠词、 物主代词、指示代词等)、副词等。虽然样题里没有体现对介词和其他功能词的考察，它也应该是考 察知识点。 ( C)语境理解填空 -- 纯空格3个（66. Anyway，69. must have put，70. mind/memory)。在空白处填入 适当的内容（不多于3个单词）。空后无提示词，要求考生根据文意、上下连贯性和行文逻辑，填入 适当的词（1-3个），从样题看这类题主要出现在对话的后半部分，并且以实义词为主。 三、语篇语法填空解题技巧 解语篇语法填空，要从“词、句、篇”三个层面去思考。 （1）词汇层面 方法1：做主语或宾语的名词或“形容词+名词”前无形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时，根 据上下文填冠词。 【例1】The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ______ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 【例2】I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had ______ amazing conversation. 【例3】But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in ______ last row. 方法2：句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。 【例4】Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult ______ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 【例5】She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ______. 【例6】He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ______?” 方法3：空格前已有主语，括号内是动词提示，空格需填谓语动词。 【例7】He ______ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. 【例8】Where men control the household, less money ______ (spend) on healthcare and food, which results in poorer health for children. 【例9】One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ______ (find) that he has run out of salt. 方法4：句中已有谓语动词且又无并列连词与括号内提示的动词并列，说明空格需填非谓语动词形式。 【例10】She wished that he was as easy ______ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume． 【例11】Film has a much shorter history，especially when ______ (compare) to such art forms as music and planting. 【例12】But everyone added a little, always ______ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.” 方法5：当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较 级和最高级。 【例13】The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ______ (sweet).” 【例14】I left it early because I had an appointment ______ (late) that day. 【例15】It might have made it a little ______ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. 方法6：当“……（+限定词）+名词”或“……+代词/doing/从句”在句中不做主语或宾语时，通常填介词。 【例16】When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman ______ the trouble. 【例17】He did so the next day. He was very tired ______ doing this for a whole day. 【例18】When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already ______ table having supper. （2）句子层面 方法1：连接两个功能对等的单词、短语或句子时，应填并列连词and，or，but，while, when等。 【例19】 He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, ______ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”  higher. 【例20】So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ______ too little.” 【例21】In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, an 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop ______ sat at a table. 方法2：若判断连词所引导的从句起名词的作用（做主语/宾语/表语/同位语），则为名词性从句， 根据引导名词性从句的连接词在从句成分和意义确定连词。 【例22】Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ______ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house. 【例23】 One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. 【例24】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ______ the boy would do. 方法3：若判断连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用（做定语），则为定语从句，根据引导定语从句的 先行词和关系词在从句中的成分确定关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句做主语和宾语，做状语 用关系副词（可转换为介词+关系代词）。 【例25】Jane paused in front of a counter ______ some attractive ties were on display. 【例26】 He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder ______ had been his teacher. 【例27】Behind him were other people to ______ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed. 方法4：若判断连词所引导的从句起副词的作用（做状语），则为状语从句，再根据两句之间的意义 和逻辑关系或者从属连词在从句中的作用和意义，来确定合适的连词。 【例28】We understand this lesson best ______ we receive gifts of love from children. 【例29】My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ______ the bus arrived. 【例30】______ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. （3）篇章意义层面 方法1：了解文章/对话大意，运用上下文语境线索、前后呼应、词语搭配等逻辑关系来解题，填入既 符合上下文情景，又符合句义、词义的正确单词。 【例31】…, so he couldn’t have done it. ______, he couldn’t carry a plate of sandwiches as well as his tennis stuff, so I’m sure it wasn’t him. 【例32】--Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I ______ them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my mind. Now, why did I put on my coat? 【例33】I attended a school prize-giving ______ not so long ago and the guest speaker was Andrew Becroft. 【*高考真题训练*】 历年高考试题 1.[全国卷Ⅱ] The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 61.________(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62.________ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63.________(able) to “air condition” a house without 64.________(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65.________(slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66.________ (cool) the house during the hot day; 67.________ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 68.________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. As 69.________(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70.________thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 2.[全国卷Ⅰ] Yangshuo, China It was raining lightly when I 61.________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours 62.________， I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with 63.________(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain. I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64.________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65.________(painting). Instead, I'd headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away 66.________ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. Yangshuo 67.________(be) really beautiful. A study of travellers 68.________(conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69.________(regular) arranges quick getaways（假日休闲地） here for people 70.________(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 3.[广东卷] Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned 1.____ farm, which looked almost abandoned.2. ____ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby 3.____ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 4.____ (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass 5.____ it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she 6.____ (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living 7.____ the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees 8.____ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children's clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market 9. ____ people from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to 10.____ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. 4.[全国卷Ⅰ] 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix? In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It 61.________(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 62.________ (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 63.________most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. But the river wasn't changed in a few days 64.________ even a few months. It took years of work 65.________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66.________ (clean) than ever. Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67.________ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don't know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation，don't you want a quick fix and something to change immediately? While there are 68.________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69.________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70.________ (patience). 5.[新课标全国卷Ⅱ] 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (不多于3个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 61.________ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62.________some of them looked very anxious and 63.________ (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 64.________ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 65.________ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 66.________ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 67.________ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked，“68.________ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It's 69.________ (I)．” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers 70.________ (sudden) became friendly to one another. 课后作业： 1. A.【山东省菏泽市一模】Nowadays, more and more schools in China have rules making students wear school uniforms to School .A lot of Chinese students complain about 61.________ (wear) their school uniforms every day. But 62.________ American students get annoyed about their uniforms, too? American high schools usually have a dress code, 63.________ is about requirements for students' dressing. Boys at school must wear clean jackets every day. Girls are 64.________ (luck) than boys, they have more flexible 65.________ (choose) than boys. They can either dress similarly to the boys 66.________ wear a dress. In general, it takes a student 10-15 minutes every morning 67.________ (dress) up for class. As students do in China, plenty of American students also have their complaints about school uniforms. What if students really dislike the dress code and want to get rid of it? Instead of getting punished, 68.________ (actual) there're ways to do that. At my school, "dress down" tickets. 69.________ (sell) on school days If students are willing to buy a ticket, they don't need to wear school uniforms the following day. I have a strong 70.________(believe) that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets, too B.【河北省邯郸市高三上学期1月份教学质量检测】 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 On a diet? Then consider sitting by the window the next time you eat out. The researchers measured and mapped 61.________ design of each restaurant and then used meal checks to 62.________ (track) what diners ordered and how it related to where they sat. The results were telling: people sitting 63.________ (far) from the front door ate the fewest salads and 64.________(be) 73 per cent more likely to order dessert. Those 65.________ (seat) at a dark table ate heavier food and ordered more of it, 66.________ diners sitting at high-top bar tables ordered more salads and fewer desserts. The darker it is, the more “invisible” you might feel, the less easy 67.________ is to see how much you’re eating and the less guilty you might feel. Seeing the sunlight, 68.________ (passer-by) or trees outside might make you more aware 69.________ how you look, might make you think about walking or might inspire you to choose a green salad. The researchers also noted that slim diners chewed around 15 times per mouthful, three chews more than heavier diners. By 70.________ (eat) more slowly, the diner spends less time it takes for the brain to feel full. C.【山西省大同一中、同煤一中高三联考】 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的适当形式。 We're human, and it's not always easy to get along with everyone all the time. Sometimes we hurt people's feelings without intending to. Sometimes, we're 61.________（deliberate） mean and we feel bad afterward. So we apologize. Apologies are one of the tools we use to build good friendships and relationships. 62.________ you say "I'm sorry" (and really mean it), it's because you probably feel bad that something you did or said hurt 63.________ person. Saying you're sorry is more than just words. You're also saying that you respect the other person 64.________ you care about his or her feelings. Apologizing shows you have empathy. After apologizing, you might feel a little 65.________（good）.The other person probably will, too. When you apologize in a caring way, you can feel good because you are trying to make things right again. Sometimes a heartfelt "I'm sorry" 66.________（fix） everything right away. Other times, it might take 67.________ while for someone to get past feeling upset. You may need to give the other person some time. Even after you say you're sorry, you might still feel bad about what you said or did — but you can feel good about apologizing, fixing the mistake, or making up your mind to do better. When someone apologizes to you, you may welcome it and be ready to forgive 68.________ happened and move on. Or you might not feel like being friendly again right away. If a person keeps hurting you and 69.________（apologize）without making an effort to change, you might not want to hang out 70.________ that person any more. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$