精品解析：北京市第八十中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中英语试题 (2)

高一英语 2024年10月 (考试时间90分钟 满分100分) 提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Michael Evans was standing in line at the Treasurer’s Office last August, waiting to pay his taxes, when he heard a(n) ____1____ sound ahead of him. The elderly woman at the window was crying. He heard the cashier ____2____ the woman that her house was in foreclosure (丧失抵押品赎回权) and headed for auction (拍卖). He also heard the woman tell the cashier that her daughter had recently died. Evans, a businessman who had just buried his father, couldn’t ____3____ the idea of this woman losing her home right after losing her child. He ____4____ the window. “I don’t mean to butt in,” he said to the cashier, “but if you can get her house back, I’ll pay for her taxes.” The amount added up to $5,000. The old woman was shocked. Her despair turned to ____5____. The cashier left for a moment to ____6____ that it was all right for Evans to pay it. Evans promised to go straight to the bank and come back with the money. But when he returned to the treasurer’s office, he asked someone else waiting in line to hand the $5,000 check to the cashier. Evans was trying to ____7____ quietly and, preferably, anonymously (匿名地). “I didn’t want this attention,” he explained. However, attention found him. It’s not every day that someone pays a stranger’s tax bill. As is reported, Evans often finds himself on the giving end of charitable situations, though for years he went unrecognized for it. As for paying the elderly woman’s taxes, Evans said he did it for ____8____ but to make sure the lady stayed in her own house. A few weeks after the tax ____9____, Evans received the Spirit of Detroit Award for his lifetime of _____10_____. 1. A. exciting B. frightening C. appealing D. disturbing 2. A. ensure B. talk C. inform D. state 3. A. support B. bear C. leave D. witness 4. A. approached B. passed C. accessed D. marched 5. A. fright B. sorrow C. guilt D. disbelief 6. A. conduct B. confirm C. compensate D. comprehend 7. A. run away B. slip away C. pass away D. put away 8. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything 9. A. accident B. coincidence C. incident D. event 10. A. generosity B. courage C. optimism D. modesty 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了Michael Evans在财务办公室排队缴税时，听说了一个上了年纪的妇女因为没钱缴税导致房子将被拍卖。Evans主动为那名老妇人缴税从而帮助她拿回了房子的故事。他也因此得到了底特律精神奖，以表彰他一生的慷慨。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：去年8月，Michael Evans在财务办公室排队等着缴税，这时他听到前面有一个令人不安的声音。A. exciting激动的；B. frightening令人恐惧的；C. appealing吸引人的；D. disturbing令人不安的。根据后文“The elderly woman at the window was crying.”可知，Evans听到了一个老妇人哭泣，这一令人不安的声音。故选D。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他听到出纳员告诉那位妇女，她的房子丧失了抵押品赎回权，将被拍卖。A. ensure确保；B. talk说话；C. inform告诉；D. state声明。结合后文“her house was in foreclosure (丧失抵押品赎回权) and headed for auction (拍卖).”可知，出纳员告诉那位妇女，她的房子丧失了抵押品赎回权，将被拍卖。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Evans是一个商人，他刚刚埋葬了自己的父亲，他无法忍受这个女人在失去孩子后失去了她的家。A. support支持；B. bear容忍；C. leave离开；D. witness目睹。根据“He also heard the woman tell the cashier that her daughter had recently died.”和“a businessman who had just buried his father,”可知，刚失去父亲的Evans很同情这个女人，认为 这个女人在失去孩子之后又失去了自己的家，他感到无法忍受。故选B。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他走近窗口。A. approached靠近；B. passed通过；C. accessed进入；D. marched前进。结合后文“ “I don’t mean to butt in,” he said to the cashier,”可知，Evans走近办事窗口了解情况。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的绝望变成了怀疑。A. fright惊吓；B. sorrow悲伤；C. guilt内疚；D. disbelief怀疑。根据上文“The old woman was shocked.”可知，对于Evans这么个陌生人要给自己支付税金的做法，女人感到惊讶，绝望变成了怀疑。故选D。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：出纳员走了一会儿，确认Evans付帐是否合适。A. conduct组织；B. confirm确认；C. compensate赔偿；D. comprehend理解。根据后文“that it was all right for Evans to pay it.”可知，出纳员离开是为了去确认Evans为女人付钱是否合适。故选B。 7题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Evans试图悄悄溜走，完全地匿名。A. run away逃跑；B. slip away溜走；C. pass away去世；D. put away抛弃。结合后文“quietly and, preferably, anonymously (匿名地).”可知，Evans试图悄悄溜走，不被人发现。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查代词词义辨析。句意：至于支付老妇人的税金，Evans说他这样做只是为了确保老妇人呆在自己的房子里。A. nothing没有什么；B. anything任何事；C. something某事；D. everything一切。结合后文“but to make sure the lady stayed in her own house.”可知，Evans说他这样做只是为了确保老妇人呆在自己的房子里。短语nothing but“只是”。故选A。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：税务事件发生几周后，Evans获得了底特律精神奖，以表彰他一生的慷慨。A. accident事故；B. coincidence巧合；C. incident事件；D. event大事，事件。根据上文“A few weeks after the tax”可知，此处指Evans为妇女支付税金的事件发生几周后。incident是指偶然发生的、不太重要的小事。event是指重大而引人注目的事情。此处是偶然事件应用incident。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：税务事件发生几周后，Evans获得了底特律精神奖，以表彰他一生的慷慨。A. generosity慷慨；B. courage勇气；C. optimism乐观；D. modesty谦逊。根据文章可知，Evans为妇女支付了税金，是慷慨的行为，因此是表彰他的慷慨（generosity）。故选A。 第二节 语法填空(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分) (一) 从方框中选择恰当的单词、短语填入句子中，注意使用其正确形式。 选词填空 volunteer deal with contribution suffer from adapt to prohibit occupy rather than remind try out for sth. 11. Why don’t you __________ the basketball team? Anyway, you have nothing to lose. 12. These measures would make a valuable __________ to reducing industrial accidents. 13. In Beijing, smoking __________ in public places like subway station, restaurant or theatre. 14. She is used to __________ all kinds of people in her job. 15. The zoo needed better management __________ more money. 16. She __________ the new climate since she moved to the south. 17. I feel it is absolutely necessary for me to __________ him to watch the World Cup finals tonight. 18. Many companies __________ a shortage of skilled staff now. 19. Football __________ most of my leisure time, which I enjoy very much. 20. Many students __________ to help the teacher clean up this mess after the party yesterday. 【答案】11. try out for 12. contribution 13. is prohibited 14. dealing with 15. rather than 16. has adapted to 17. remind 18. are suffering from 19. occupies 20. volunteered 【解析】 【11题详解】 考查固定短语，固定句型和主谓一致。句意：你为什么不试试参加篮球队呢？不管怎样，你也没什么可失去的。根据“the basketball team”可知，句子表示“你为什么不试试参加篮球队呢”，空格处意为“参加选拔”，是固定短语try out for，Why don’t you do sth.是固定句型，意为“你为什么不做某事”，因此try用原形，故填try out for。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些措施将对减少工业事故作出宝贵的贡献。根据“These measures”和“to reducing industrial accidents”可知，空格处意为“贡献”，valuable是形容词，修饰名词，“贡献”的名词是contribution，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填contribution。 【13题详解】 考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：在北京，地铁站、餐厅、剧院等公共场所禁止吸烟。根据“smoking”和“in public places like subway station, restaurant or theatre”可知，空格处意为“被禁止”，“禁止”是prohibit，抽烟是被禁止，且句子描述客观事实，因此空格处用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是动名词smoking，谓语动词用单数，因此空格处是is prohibited。故填is prohibited。 【14题详解】 考查固定短语和动名词。句意：她已经习惯了在工作中与各种各样的人打交道。根据“all kinds of people in her job”可知，空格处意为“与某人打交道”，是固定短语deal with，be used to doing是固定短语，意为“习惯于做某事”，因此空格处用动名词作宾语，故填dealing with。 【15题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：动物园需要的是更好的管理，而不是更多的钱。根据“needed better management”和“more money”可知，空格处意为“而不是”，是固定短语rather than，故填rather than。 16题详解】 考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：自从她搬到南方以来，她已经适应了新的气候。根据“the new climate since she moved to the south”可知，句子表示“她已经适应了新的气候”，空格处意为“适应”，是固定短语adapt to，由since可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语she是单数，因此空格处是has adapted to。故填has adapted to。 【17题详解】 考查不定式。句意：我觉得我绝对有必要提醒他今晚看世界杯决赛。根据“him to watch the World Cup finals tonight”可知，空格处意为“提醒”，是remind，it is necessary for sb. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“某人有必要做某事”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，因此空格处用原形，故填remind。 【18题详解】 考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：现在许多公司都面临熟练员工短缺的问题。根据“a shortage of skilled staff now”可知，空格处意为“遭受”，是固定短语suffer from，由now可知，句子时态用现在进行时，主语Many companies是复数，因此空格处是are suffering from，故填are suffering from。 【19题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：足球占据了我大部分的闲暇时间，我非常喜欢。根据“most of my leisure time”可知，空格处意为“占据”，是occupy，句子描述经常性，习惯性的动作，时态用一般现在时，主语Football是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填occupies。 【20题详解】 考查时态。句意：昨天晚会结束后，许多学生自告奋勇帮助老师收拾残局。根据“to help the teacher clean up this mess after the party yesterday”可知，空格处意为“自愿”，是volunteer，由yesterday可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填volunteered。 (二) 从方框中选择恰当的单词、短语填入句子中，注意使用其正确形式。 21. This company was the first __________ (produce) mobile phones in the world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to produce 【解析】 【详解】考查不定式。句意：这家公司是世界上第一家生产移动电话的公司。the first后用不定式作后置定语，因此空格处是不定式to produce。故填to produce。 22. The prize will go to the writer______story shows the most imagination.(用适当的单词填空) 【答案】whose 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个奖将授予故事表现出最丰富想象力的作家。此处为定语从句修饰先行词writer，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 23. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ______ (go) for a swim? （用单词适当形式填空） 【答案】going 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天好热。你想去游个泳吗？分析句子可知，feel like这一结构其后要接名词或动名词作宾语，表示“想要某物”或“想要做某事”。故填going。 24. He talked a lot about things and persons __________ they remembered in the school. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他谈了很多他们在学校里记得的事情和人。空处引导定语从句，先行词是things and persons，既有人又有物，在这种情况下，只能用关系代词that来引导定语从句。故填that。 25. The basketball team __________ I am crazy for is doing very well in this season. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that##which 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我为之疯狂的篮球队在这个赛季表现很好。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词basketball team是“篮球队”，因此空格处用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Kids Flying Alone Guide Helpful tips for children traveling alone Airline Age Fee per child (each way). Notes Air Tran Airways 6 to 8 years old — non-stop or direct flights only $ 48 for a non-stop flight Unaccompanied children. American 6 to 8 years old — non-stop or direct flights only $ 110 Flights for unaccompanied children cannot be booked online British Airways 7 to 15 years old — can travel alone on connecting flights $ 60 for flights within UK Flights for unaccompanied children cannot be booked online. Frontier Airlines 6 to 15 years old — non-stop or direct flights or connecting flights $ 60 for non-stop or direct flights $120 for connecting flights Flights for unaccompanied children cannot be booked online. Before the flight: Try to book a morning flight. If it is delayed or canceled you have the rest of the day to make alternate planes. Make sure your child doesn’t wear any clothing that has his or her name on it, which would make it easier for a stranger to convince a child he can be trusted. At the airport: Make sure the flight attendants know that your child is traveling alone. Make sure that he or she will be seated in an area of the aircraft that’s convenient for attendants to keep an eye on — the very front of very back of the aircraft is ideal. Register your child’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department, which can provide assistance in an emergency. This is a free service. What to pack: Cell phone: If your child doesn’t have a cell phone, buy him or her a pay-as-you-go phone at a cell phone retailer (零售店) so he or she has an easy form of communication for emergencies. Gift cards: Invest in a few pre-paid gift cards worth $ 25 or $ 50, This will reduce the worry of traveling with a large amount of cash. Family/ friends contact information: Give your child a complete list of names, numbers and addresses of the people who are picking your child up at the airport. 26. How much should you pay if your child aged eleven travels alone on a connecting flight by Frontier Airlines? A. $ 50. B. $ 75. C. $ 120. D. $ 160. 27. What can we learn from the passage? A. Juice or water can’t be brought onto the aircraft. B. Unaccompanied children can’t fly on the last flight of the day. C. Pay-as-you-go phones are provided for free at the airport for children without cell phones. D. Parents can register children’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department for free. 28. Which of the following is recommended for unaccompanied children? A. Booking them morning flights. B. Giving them a large amount of cash. C. Making them sit in the middle of the aircraft. D. Dressing them in clothing with their names on it. 【答案】26. C 27. D 28. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是应用文。文章是关于孩子独自乘坐航班的指南。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中最后一栏“6 to 15 years old — non-stop or direct flights or connecting flights.” “$120 for connecting flights”可知，如果乘坐Frontier航空公司的航班，11岁的孩子独自乘坐转接航班，应该付120美元。故选C项。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据At the airport部分中“Register your child’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department, which can provide assistance in an emergency. This is a free service. ”可知，父母可以向美国国务院免费登记孩子的旅行计划，以供在紧急情况下提供帮助。故选D项。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据Before the flight部分中“Try to book a morning flight. If it is delayed or canceled, you have the rest of the day to make alternate planes.”可知，建议父母给孩子预订早上的航班。这样如果航班延误或取消，还会有时间来安排其他的航班。故选A项。 B In 1939, seven-year-old Miriam Schreiber should have started first grade. Instead, she spent that year — and the following five — trying to survive. She was living in Poland when World War II broke out. “My entire life was ruined within minutes,” she says. “I was looking forward to starting school.” She never made it. And not having a degree has always been a thorn in her side. Decades later, though, the now-89-year-old Holocaust survivor finally got something she had always longed for. Kapiloff Brander, director of community programs at Jewish Family Services, reached out to the New England Jewish Academy, a Jewish high school, to ask whether the school could help Mariam fulfill her wish. Richard Nabel, the principal of the school, brought a few senior students to Miriam’s home to hear her story before they came up with the idea of presenting her an honorary diploma at the school’s 2020 graduation ceremony. Miriam suffered a lot in a slave labor camp in Siberia before she got liberated in 1946. She and her remaining family members went to a refugee camp in Germany, where she got married and had her first child at the age of 16. Having spent years in refugee camps in different countries, she finally immigrated to America in 1960. Getting a formal education was never an option for her but she learned seven languages over the years. “I educated myself,” she says. “I read books day and night. I still do.” On August 16, during a socially distanced ceremony in the school gym, Miriam was presented with a high school diploma from the New England Jewish Academy. “There weren’t too many dry eyes among the 30 of us there,” says Nabel. Miriam’s family was especially moved. “I’m not sure she even realizes the importance of that moment to me,” says Bernie, her eldest son. “I am so proud of her.” 29. What can be learned about Mariam from paragraph 1? A. She regretted not being educated at school. B. She started first grade at the age of seven. C. She felt lucky to have survived World War II. D. She spent five years in Poland during the war. 30. How did Mariam get her long-cherished wish fulfilled? A. She made it through her own efforts. B. She turned to Kapiloff Brander for help. C. The senior students themselves presented a diploma to her. D. Richard Nabel learned about her story and decided to help. 31. Which of the following best describes Mariam? A. Educated. B. Intelligent. C. Determined. D. Patient. 【答案】29. A 30. D 31. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了89岁的二战大屠杀幸存者Miriam的求学故事。战争的爆发使得她失去了上学的机会，战争时期的苦难没有打倒她，她一直坚持自学，读书，她的故事感动了新英格兰犹太学院和学生，授予了她荣誉文凭，帮她完成了夙愿。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“ ‘My entire life was ruined within minutes,’ she says. ‘I was looking forward to starting school.’ She never made it. And not having a degree has always been a thorn in her side.(‘我的整个生活在几分钟内就被毁掉了，’她说。‘我很期待开始上学。’她没有成功。没有学位一直是她心中的一根刺)”可知，她一直期待去上学，但是却因为战争没能上学，这令她感到遗憾。故选A项。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“Richard Nabel, the principal of the school, brought a few senior students to Miriam’s home to hear her story before they came up with the idea of presenting her an honorary diploma at the school’s 2020 graduation ceremony. (该校校长Richard Nabel带了几名高年级学生去Miriam家听她的故事，然后他们想出了在学校2020年毕业典礼上授予她荣誉文凭的主意)”可知，校长了解了Miriam的故事后，决定给与她荣誉文凭，完成她的梦想。故选D项。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“Getting a formal education was never an option for her but she learned seven languages over the years. ‘I educated myself,’ she says. ‘I read books day and night. I still do.’(接受正规教育从来都不是她的选择，但多年来她学会了7种语言。‘我自学了，’她说。‘我日夜读书。 我现在仍然这样。’)”可知，虽然不能接受正规教育，但Miriam仍然坚持学习，读书。由此可推知，她是一个有决心的人。故选C项。 C Plastic pollution has long been a problem, but now it's gotten to a new height literally. Microplastic, referring to plastic fragments and particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter, have been found on Mount Qomolangma as high as 8,440 meters above sea level, just 408.86 meters below the peak of the mountain, according to a recent study published in the journal One Earth. “These are the highest microplastics ever discovered so far.” lead author Imogen Napper from the University of Plymouth, UK, said in a statement. Scientists collected snow and water samples from 19 different locations from 4,200 meters above sea level all the way up to the summit of Mount Qomolangma. They found microplastics in all the water samples and part of the snow samples. The most polluted sample was from the Base Camp in Nepal, where most human activities on the mountain are concentrated. It had 79 particles of microplastics per liter of snow. But how have these fragments made it all this way and in such a great abundance? The answer is apparent human activities. It is climbers who bring plastic products to the mountain. Even if they don't litter, just walking for 20 minutes or opening a bottle of water can release microplastics into the environment. The harsh fact is that plastic pollution has reached even the most remote places on Earth. Researchers even found a plastic bag al the deepest point in the world's oceans—in the Mariana Trench, located in the Pacific Ocean. The bag is the same as the ones commonly used in grocery stores. Even covered in ice, the Arctic is still a victim of plastic pollution. A 2020 report published in Nature suggests that there are 2.000 to 17,000 plastic particles per cubic meter in Arctic ice cores, and between 0 to 18 microplastic particles per cubic meter from the water beneath ice floes. Experts think microplastics may be transported by air and then reach the North Pole in snowfall. “What we don t yet fully know is the potential problems these tiny pieces of plastic could be having to ecosystems, to organisms and even to our own health as well,” said Christian Dunn of Bangor University, UK. Then what can we do? “We need to start focusing on deeper technological solutions that focus on microplastics, like changing fabric design and including natural fibers instead of plastic when possible.” 32. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about? A. The polluted samples from the peak were the most serious. B. Plastic pollution has been discovered at high altitudes. C. Humans have .climbed to the peak of Mount Qomolangma. D. Microplastics are a newly-found material by researchers. 33. What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A. Microplastics may go far beyond the range of human activities. B. The means of microplastics transportation has been confirmed. C. There are frequent exchanges between Arctic ice cores and ice floes. D. Bags from grocery stores are the main source of plastic pollution. 34. According to Christian Dunn, the key to addressing microplastic pollution is . A. to prohibit the use of plastic products B. to diversify the design of microplastics C. to apply only natural fibrous alternatives D. to develop more advanced technologies 35. Which of the following is the best title? A. Litter in the Mariana Trench B. New One Earth Campaigns C. Pollution Reaches New Height D. Adventurous Human Activists 【答案】32. B 33. A 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了塑料污染已经到达了一个新高度，一项研究显示在珠穆朗玛峰上发现塑料微粒污染痕迹。文章就微塑料到达这里的原因进行了分析，指出微塑料可能远远超出人类活动的范围，有人表示解决微塑料污染的关键是开发更先进的技术。 【32题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Microplastic, referring to plastic fragments and particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter, have been found on Mount Qomolangma as high as 8,440 meters above sea level, just 408.86 meters below the peak of the mountain, according to a recent study published in the journal One Earth.(最近发表在《一个地球》杂志上的一项研究显示，在海拔8440米、仅比峰顶低408.86米的珠穆朗玛峰上，发现了微塑料，即直径小于5毫米的塑料碎片和颗粒)”以及第二段中“Scientists collected snow and water samples from 19 different locations from 4,200 meters above sea level all the way up to the summit of Mount Qomolangma. They found microplastics in all the water samples and part of the snow samples. The most polluted sample was from the Base Camp in Nepal, where most human activities on the mountain are concentrated. It had 79 particles of microplastics per liter of snow.(科学家们从海拔4200米的19个不同地点采集了雪和水的样本，一直到珠穆朗玛峰峰顶。他们在所有的水样本和部分雪样本中发现了微塑料。污染最严重的样本来自尼泊尔的大本营，那里是珠峰上人类活动最集中的地方。每升雪含有79个微塑料颗粒)”可知，前两段主要讲了在高海拔地区发现了塑料污染。故选B。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The harsh fact is that plastic pollution has reached even the most remote places on Earth. Researchers even found a plastic bag al the deepest point in the world's oceans—in the Mariana Trench, located in the Pacific Ocean. The bag is the same as the ones commonly used in grocery stores. Even covered in ice, the Arctic is still a victim of plastic pollution.(残酷的事实是，塑料污染甚至已经到达地球上最偏远的地方。研究人员甚至在世界海洋最深的地方——位于太平洋的马里亚纳海沟——发现了一个塑料袋。这个袋子和杂货店里常用的袋子是一样的。即使被冰雪覆盖，北极仍然是塑料污染的受害者)”可推知，微塑料可能远远超出人类活动的范围。故选A。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“We need to start focusing on deeper technological solutions that focus on microplastics, like changing fabric design and including natural fibers instead of plastic when possible.(我们需要开始关注微塑料更深层次的技术解决方案，比如改变织物设计，尽可能使用天然纤维代替塑料)”可知，Christian Dunn表示，解决微塑料污染的关键是开发更先进的技术。故选D。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Plastic pollution has long been a problem, but now it's gotten to a new height literally.(塑料污染一直是个问题，但现在它确实达到了一个新的高度)”结合文章主要介绍了塑料污染已经到达了一个新高度，一项研究显示在珠穆朗玛峰上发现塑料微粒污染痕迹，可知，C选项“污染达到新的高度”最符合文章标题。故选C。 D If you start a sentence with, “If I were you...” or find yourself scratching your head over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there’s a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become exhausted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same difficulties. “The problem is decision fatigue, a psychological phenomenon that causes harm to the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making,” says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist. Physicians on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics (抗生素) to patients when it’s unwise to do so. “Presumably it’s because it’s simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,” Polman says. But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts. “By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,” he says. “It is as if there is something fun about making someone else’s choice.” “Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good. When people experience decision fatigue, when they are tired of making choices, they have a tendency to choose to go with status quo,” says Polman. “But it can be problematic since a change in the course of action can be important and lead to a positive outcome.” To achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. “People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,” he says. “That’s not to say risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin (懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered.” “Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’t mean you’ll do the same for yourself,” Polman cautions. “Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,” he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles. 36. What does the author say about people making decisions? A. They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them. B. They may become exhausted making too many decisions for themselves. C. They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities. D. They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves. 37. When do people feel less decision fatigue? A. When they take decision shortcuts. B. When they have advisers to turn to. C. When they have major decisions to make. D. When they help others to make decisions. 38. What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in? A. They avoid trying anything new. B. They turn to physicians for advice. C. They tend to make risky decisions. D. They adopt a totally new perspective. 39. What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making? A. It will enable people to be more creative. B. It will more often than not end in regret. C. It is vital for one to reach the goal desired. D. It is likely to bring about serious consequence. 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. A 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍决策疲劳的概念、行为表现及后果，还说明了在决策中承担一定风险的重要性。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Our own decision-making abilities can become exhausted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same difficulties.(我们自己的决策能力可能会在一天的过程中耗尽，导致优柔寡断或糟糕的选择，但代表别人做选择是一项愉快的任务，不会遇到同样的困难)”可知，人们可能会因为自己做太多的决定而筋疲力尽。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的“But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.(但是当你替别人做决定时，决策疲劳就会消失)”可知，当我们帮助他人做决定的时候，我们就没有感到决策疲劳。故选D。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“When people experience decision fatigue, when they are tired of making choices, they have a tendency to choose to go with status quo(当人们经历决策疲劳时，当他们厌倦了做选择时，他们倾向于选择维持现状)”可知，人们变得决策疲劳时，他们往往会选择维持现状，也就是避免尝试新的事物。故选A。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“To achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential.(为了获得成功的结果或回报，一定程度的风险几乎总是必不可少的)”可知，要想实现既定目标，在决策过程中冒一定的风险是十分重要的。故选C。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Memorizing a speech in one night is not an easy task, but it’s possible. There are hundreds of different memorization techniques out there. ____40____ Write out the entire speech. Simply take a piece of paper and a pen and write out the entire speech. ____41____ Many people memorize information better when they are actively recording it. Copying the speech on another piece of paper can help to commit that information to memory. ____42____ Much like writing the speech out on paper, typing the speech can also help commit the information to memory through visual learning. Since typing is generally faster than handwriting, you may have more time to type the speech several times in one night. There is no need to print the typed speech each time that you type it. However, you may be more likely to remember things that are handwritten rather than typed. Rehearse your speech for a friend.____43____ It is important to practice the speech in front of someone to ensure that you really know the information. Request that your friend give you some tips. They may be able to tell you if you are not speaking loud enough or if you are talking too quickly. Record yourself rehearsing the speech. If you don’t have anyone to practice with, try recording yourself while you rehearse your speech. Video recording is the best because you will be able to watch the recording and critique your speech and body language.____44____ Avoid trying to memorize the speech word for word. Normally, it is not necessary to recite a speech word for word. It is more important to remember all of the topics that you need to cover during the speech. Spend time memorizing the bullet points, important facts and statistics, and the layout of your speech in order to guarantee that you cover all of the information that needs to be covered. A. Type up the speech. B. Make a list of things that scare you about the speech. C. If the speech is relatively short, consider writing it out multiple times. D. However, the best method is the basic, tried-and-true strategy of repetition and practice. E. It is important to remember to take care of your body even when you are cramming for a presentation. F. You can also listen to the recording while you are doing other things to help remember the information. G. Sometimes you may think that you know your speech well, but you freeze up when you perform it in front of people. 【答案】40. D 41. C 42. A 43. G 44. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在一夜之间记住一篇演讲。 【40题详解】 根据上文“Memorizing a speech in one night is not an easy task, but it’s possible. There are hundreds of different memorization techniques out there.(在一个晚上记住一篇演讲不是一件容易的事情，但这是可能的。有数百种不同的记忆技巧。)”可知，这里为承上启下句，记忆的方法有很多，但有好的方法。所以选择项D“However, the best method is the basic, tried-and-true strategy of repetition and practice.(然而，最好的方法是基本的、经过验证的重复和练习的策略。)”符合上下文语境。故选D。 【41题详解】 根据上文“Write out the entire speech. Simply take a piece of paper and a pen and write out the entire speech. (写出整个演讲。只要拿一张纸和一支笔，写下整个演讲。)”和下文“Many people memorize information better when they are actively recording it. Copying the speech on another piece of paper can help to commit that information to memory.(许多人在积极记录信息的时候会更好地记忆信息。在另一张纸上抄写演讲稿有助于记忆。)”可知，通过多写几遍演讲稿而达到记忆的目的。所以选择项C“If the speech is relatively short, consider writing it out multiple times. (如果演讲比较短，可以考虑多写几遍。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。 【42题详解】 这里为本段中心句。根据下文“Much like writing the speech out on paper, typing the speech can also help commit the information to memory through visual learning. Since typing is generally faster than handwriting, you may have more time to type the speech several times in one night. There is no need to print the typed speech each time that you type it. (就像把演讲稿写在纸上一样，把演讲稿打出来也可以通过视觉学习来帮助记忆。因为打字通常比手写快，你可能有更多的时间在一个晚上打几次演讲稿。你没有必要每次都把打好的演讲稿打印出来。)”可知，本段主要介绍把演讲稿的内容打出来。所以选择项A“Type up the speech (把发言稿打出来。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。 【43题详解】 根据上文“Rehearse your speech for a friend. (在朋友面前排练你的演讲。)”和下文“It is important to practice the speech in front of someone to ensure that you really know the information.(在别人面前练习演讲是很重要的，以确保你真正了解演讲信息。请求你的朋友给你一些建议。)”可知，在正式演讲前建议先在朋友面前练习。所以选择项G“Sometimes you may think that you know your speech well, but you freeze up when you perform it in front of people. (有时你可能认为自己很了解自己的演讲，但当你在众人面前表演时，你就会愣住。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。 【44题详解】 根据上文“Record yourself rehearsing the speech. If you don’t have anyone to practice with, try recording yourself while you rehearse your speech. Video recording is the best because you will be able to watch the recording and critique your speech and body language. (录下自己排练演讲的过程。如果你没有人陪你练习，试着在你排练演讲的时候给自己录音。视频录音是最好的，因为你可以观看录音并评论你的演讲和肢体语言。)”可知，本段介绍通过录制自己的演讲来帮助记住演讲的内容。所以选择项F“You can also listen to the recording while you are doing other things to help remember the information. (你也可以一边听录音，一边做其他事情来帮助记住信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第45至46题每小题2分，第47题3分，第48题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Finding and keeping friends is a skill that can take some time to develop. From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist. “They become better at imagining someone else’s perspective and this stimulates more intimate (亲密的) friendships.” Children often have a practical view of friendship, forming close bonds with peers in the playground or classroom, says Kennedy-Moore. “It is a ‘love the one you’re with’ approach.” “The thing that kids have as an advantage over adults is that they are in the room with 25 others in their stage of life,” she says. “In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance (相识的人) to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection. Psychologists say best friendships can help children prepare for close relationships, including romantic ones, as they grow up. “Best friendship is really like falling in love, “says Kennedy-Moore. “Close friendships in childhood help kids practice the skills they need in intimate relationships throughout their lives. They learn about other people, and about themselves, to deal with feelings like envy, loneliness, and sadness.” “If children don’t talk about friends at home, it doesn’t mean they don’t have any,” she says, adding that this may because they prefer a quieter style of interacting with others. Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.” 45. What capacity do children develop from about the age of four according to Kennedy-Moore? 46. What is the disadvantage for adults to develop friendships compared with children? 47. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time. 48. List some other ways you usually use to develop or maintain your friendship.(In about 40 words) 【答案】45. Children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. 46. It takes thoughtful effort more time to find and develop friendships. 47. Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time. According to the passage, parents should encourage their children to watch and slide into the action without interrupting instead of correcting them from time to time. 48. I will directly tell my friends that I want to talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen to them carefully. Most importantly, I will let them know that I am trustworthy and that we can become closer friends. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了发展和维持友谊是一项需要时间培养的技能，童年时期的亲密友谊有助于孩子的成长，家长可以采取方式帮助孩子建立友谊。 【45题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist.(从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受。临床心理学家艾琳·肯尼迪·摩尔说，这种被称为心理理论的新兴能力有助于儿童交朋友)”可知，从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受，故答案为Children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. 【46题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段““In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection.(“成年后，寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力。”根据一项研究，成年人必须在一起50个小时左右，才能从单纯的熟人变成普通朋友；在一起90个小时后，才能把彼此视为朋友；在一起200个小时以上，才能成为拥有共同情感的亲密朋友)”可知，与儿童相比，成年人发展友谊的劣势是成年人寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力，故答案为It takes thoughtful effort more time to find and develop friendships. 【47题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.”(家长可以在校外组织有趣的聚会，帮助孩子建立友谊。“方法是：观察然后参与。”肯尼迪·摩尔说。“家长应该教孩子观察其他孩子在做什么，然后鼓励他们在不打断的情况下投入到行动中。”)”可知，父母应该鼓励他们的孩子观看并在不打断的情况下进入动作，而不是时不时地纠正他们，故答案为Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time. According to the passage, parents should encourage their children to watch and slide into the action without interrupting instead of correcting them from time to time. 【48题详解】 开放性题目。我会采取这样的方式来发展或维持友谊：我会直接告诉我的朋友，我想和他们谈谈，花时间和他们在一起。此外，当他们说话时，我会仔细听他们说话。最重要的是，我会让他们知道我是值得信赖的，我们可以成为更亲密的朋友。故答案为I will directly tell my friends that I want to talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen to them carefully. Most importantly, I will let them know that I am trustworthy and that we can become closer friends. 第二节(20分) 49. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。得知你校英文报刊“Sports and Health”栏目正在征集学生投稿。你对此很感兴趣。内容包括： 1. 推荐一项适合课间开展的体育运动； 2. 说明推荐理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Editor, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Editor, Knowing that the Sports and Health section is asking students to recommend a good sport to play between classes, I am writing to give my suggestions. I recommend Kongzhu, also known as the Chinese yo-yo, works as a diabolo spinning and buzzing like an acrobat on a string. Not only does it offer a fun and challenging way to improve hand-eye coordination, it also serves as a powerful tool for stress management. Better yet, it’s a window into a rich cultural heritage, providing us with an opportunity to connect with our roots while enhancing our health.      Therefore, I strongly advise incorporating kongzhu into our regular breaks. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于投稿，要求考生给校英文报刊“Sports and Health”栏目的编辑写一篇投稿，推荐一项适合课间开展的体育运动，并说明推荐理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 提供：offer → provide 提高：improve → boost 压力：stress → pressure 因此：therefore → hence 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I recommend Kongzhu, also known as the Chinese yo-yo, works as a diabolo spinning and buzzing like an acrobat on a string. 拓展句：I recommend Kongzhu, which is also known as the Chinese yo-yo, works as a diabolo spinning and buzzing like an acrobat on a string. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that the Sports and Health section is asking students to recommend a good sport to play between classes, I am writing to give my suggestion. (运用了现在分词短语作状语以及that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] Not only does it offer a fun and challenging way to improve hand-eye coordination, it also serves as a powerful tool for stress management. (运用了否定词位于句首引出的部分倒装句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高一英语 2024年10月 (考试时间90分钟 满分100分) 提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Michael Evans was standing in line at the Treasurer’s Office last August, waiting to pay his taxes, when he heard a(n) ____1____ sound ahead of him. The elderly woman at the window was crying. He heard the cashier ____2____ the woman that her house was in foreclosure (丧失抵押品赎回权) and headed for auction (拍卖). He also heard the woman tell the cashier that her daughter had recently died. Evans, a businessman who had just buried his father, couldn’t ____3____ the idea of this woman losing her home right after losing her child. He ____4____ the window. “I don’t mean to butt in,” he said to the cashier, “but if you can get her house back, I’ll pay for her taxes.” The amount added up to $5,000. The old woman was shocked. Her despair turned to ____5____. The cashier left for a moment to ____6____ that it was all right for Evans to pay it. Evans promised to go straight to the bank and come back with the money. But when he returned to the treasurer’s office, he asked someone else waiting in line to hand the $5,000 check to the cashier. Evans was trying to ____7____ quietly and, preferably, anonymously (匿名地). “I didn’t want this attention,” he explained. However, attention found him. It’s not every day that someone pays a stranger’s tax bill. As is reported, Evans often finds himself on the giving end of charitable situations, though for years he went unrecognized for it. As for paying the elderly woman’s taxes, Evans said he did it for ____8____ but to make sure the lady stayed in her own house. A few weeks after the tax ____9____, Evans received the Spirit of Detroit Award for his lifetime of _____10_____. 1. A. exciting B. frightening C. appealing D. disturbing 2. A. ensure B. talk C. inform D. state 3. A. support B. bear C. leave D. witness 4. A. approached B. passed C. accessed D. marched 5. A. fright B. sorrow C. guilt D. disbelief 6 A. conduct B. confirm C. compensate D. comprehend 7. A. run away B. slip away C. pass away D. put away 8. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything 9. A. accident B. coincidence C. incident D. event 10. A. generosity B. courage C. optimism D. modesty 第二节 语法填空(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分) (一) 从方框中选择恰当的单词、短语填入句子中，注意使用其正确形式。 选词填空 volunteer deal with contribution suffer from adapt to prohibit occupy rather than remind try out for sth. 11. Why don’t you __________ the basketball team? Anyway, you have nothing to lose. 12. These measures would make a valuable __________ to reducing industrial accidents. 13. In Beijing, smoking __________ in public places like subway station, restaurant or theatre. 14. She is used to __________ all kinds of people in her job. 15. The zoo needed better management __________ more money. 16. She __________ the new climate since she moved to the south. 17. I feel it is absolutely necessary for me to __________ him to watch the World Cup finals tonight. 18. Many companies __________ a shortage of skilled staff now. 19. Football __________ most of my leisure time, which I enjoy very much. 20. Many students __________ to help the teacher clean up this mess after the party yesterday. (二) 从方框中选择恰当的单词、短语填入句子中，注意使用其正确形式。 21. This company was the first __________ (produce) mobile phones in the world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 22. The prize will go to the writer______story shows the most imagination.(用适当的单词填空) 23. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ______ (go) for a swim? （用单词适当形式填空） 24. He talked a lot about things and persons __________ they remembered in the school. (用适当的词填空) 25. The basketball team __________ I am crazy for is doing very well in this season. (用适当的词填空) 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Kids Flying Alone Guide Helpful tips for children traveling alone Airline Age Fee per child (each way). Notes Air Tran Airways 6 to 8 years old — non-stop or direct flights only $ 48 for a non-stop flight Unaccompanied children. American 6 to 8 years old — non-stop or direct flights only $ 110 Flights for unaccompanied children cannot be booked online British Airways 7 to 15 years old — can travel alone on connecting flights $ 60 for flights within UK Flights for unaccompanied children cannot be booked online. Frontier Airlines 6 to 15 years old — non-stop or direct flights or connecting flights $ 60 for non-stop or direct flights $120 for connecting flights Flights for unaccompanied children cannot be booked online. Before the flight: Try to book a morning flight. If it is delayed or canceled, you have the rest of the day to make alternate planes. Make sure your child doesn’t wear any clothing that has his or her name on it, which would make it easier for a stranger to convince a child he can be trusted. At the airport: Make sure the flight attendants know that your child is traveling alone. Make sure that he or she will be seated in an area of the aircraft that’s convenient for attendants to keep an eye on — the very front of very back of the aircraft is ideal. Register your child’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department, which can provide assistance in an emergency. This is a free service. What to pack: Cell phone: If your child doesn’t have a cell phone, buy him or her a pay-as-you-go phone at a cell phone retailer (零售店) so he or she has an easy form of communication for emergencies. Gift cards: Invest in a few pre-paid gift cards worth $ 25 or $ 50, This will reduce the worry of traveling with a large amount of cash. Family/ friends contact information: Give your child a complete list of names, numbers and addresses of the people who are picking your child up at the airport. 26. How much should you pay if your child aged eleven travels alone on a connecting flight by Frontier Airlines? A. $ 50. B. $ 75. C. $ 120. D. $ 160. 27. What can we learn from the passage? A. Juice or water can’t be brought onto the aircraft. B. Unaccompanied children can’t fly on the last flight of the day. C. Pay-as-you-go phones are provided for free at the airport for children without cell phones. D. Parents can register children’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department for free. 28. Which of the following is recommended for unaccompanied children? A. Booking them morning flights. B. Giving them a large amount of cash. C. Making them sit in the middle of the aircraft. D. Dressing them in clothing with their names on it. B In 1939, seven-year-old Miriam Schreiber should have started first grade. Instead, she spent that year — and the following five — trying to survive. She was living in Poland when World War II broke out. “My entire life was ruined within minutes,” she says. “I was looking forward to starting school.” She never made it. And not having a degree has always been a thorn in her side. Decades later, though, the now-89-year-old Holocaust survivor finally got something she had always longed for. Kapiloff Brander, director of community programs at Jewish Family Services, reached out to the New England Jewish Academy, a Jewish high school, to ask whether the school could help Mariam fulfill her wish. Richard Nabel, the principal of the school, brought a few senior students to Miriam’s home to hear her story before they came up with the idea of presenting her an honorary diploma at the school’s 2020 graduation ceremony. Miriam suffered a lot in a slave labor camp in Siberia before she got liberated in 1946. She and her remaining family members went to a refugee camp in Germany, where she got married and had her first child at the age of 16. Having spent years in refugee camps in different countries, she finally immigrated to America in 1960. Getting a formal education was never an option for her but she learned seven languages over the years. “I educated myself,” she says. “I read books day and night. I still do.” On August 16, during a socially distanced ceremony in the school gym, Miriam was presented with a high school diploma from the New England Jewish Academy. “There weren’t too many dry eyes among the 30 of us there,” says Nabel. Miriam’s family was especially moved. “I’m not sure she even realizes the importance of that moment to me,” says Bernie, her eldest son. “I am so proud of her.” 29. What can be learned about Mariam from paragraph 1? A. She regretted not being educated at school. B. She started first grade at the age of seven. C. She felt lucky to have survived World War II. D. She spent five years in Poland during the war. 30. How did Mariam get her long-cherished wish fulfilled? A. She made it through her own efforts. B. She turned to Kapiloff Brander for help. C. The senior students themselves presented a diploma to her. D. Richard Nabel learned about her story and decided to help. 31. Which of the following best describes Mariam? A. Educated. B. Intelligent. C. Determined. D. Patient. C Plastic pollution has long been a problem, but now it's gotten to a new height literally. Microplastic, referring to plastic fragments and particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter, have been found on Mount Qomolangma as high as 8,440 meters above sea level, just 408.86 meters below the peak of the mountain, according to a recent study published in the journal One Earth. “These are the highest microplastics ever discovered so far.” lead author Imogen Napper from the University of Plymouth, UK, said in a statement. Scientists collected snow and water samples from 19 different locations from 4,200 meters above sea level all the way up to the summit of Mount Qomolangma. They found microplastics in all the water samples and part of the snow samples. The most polluted sample was from the Base Camp in Nepal, where most human activities on the mountain are concentrated. It had 79 particles of microplastics per liter of snow. But how have these fragments made it all this way and in such a great abundance? The answer is apparent human activities. It is climbers who bring plastic products to the mountain. Even if they don't litter just walking for 20 minutes or opening a bottle of water can release microplastics into the environment. The harsh fact is that plastic pollution has reached even the most remote places on Earth. Researchers even found a plastic bag al the deepest point in the world's oceans—in the Mariana Trench, located in the Pacific Ocean. The bag is the same as the ones commonly used in grocery stores. Even covered in ice, the Arctic is still a victim of plastic pollution. A 2020 report published in Nature suggests that there are 2.000 to 17,000 plastic particles per cubic meter in Arctic ice cores, and between 0 to 18 microplastic particles per cubic meter from the water beneath ice floes. Experts think microplastics may be transported by air and then reach the North Pole in snowfall. “What we don t yet fully know is the potential problems these tiny pieces of plastic could be having to ecosystems, to organisms and even to our own health as well,” said Christian Dunn of Bangor University, UK. Then what can we do? “We need to start focusing on deeper technological solutions that focus on microplastics, like changing fabric design and including natural fibers instead of plastic when possible.” 32. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about? A. The polluted samples from the peak were the most serious. B. Plastic pollution has been discovered at high altitudes. C. Humans have .climbed to the peak of Mount Qomolangma. D. Microplastics are a newly-found material by researchers. 33. What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A. Microplastics may go far beyond the range of human activities. B. The means of microplastics transportation has been confirmed. C. There are frequent exchanges between Arctic ice cores and ice floes. D. Bags from grocery stores are the main source of plastic pollution. 34. According to Christian Dunn, the key to addressing microplastic pollution is . A. to prohibit the use of plastic products B. to diversify the design of microplastics C. to apply only natural fibrous alternatives D. to develop more advanced technologies 35. Which of the following is the best title? A. Litter in the Mariana Trench B. New One Earth Campaigns C. Pollution Reaches New Height D. Adventurous Human Activists D If you start a sentence with “If I were you...” or find yourself scratching your head over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there’s a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become exhausted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same difficulties. “The problem is decision fatigue, a psychological phenomenon that causes harm to the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making,” says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist. Physicians on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics (抗生素) to patients when it’s unwise to do so. “Presumably it’s because it’s simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,” Polman says. But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts. “By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,” he says. “It is as if there is something fun about making someone else’s choice.” “Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good. When people experience decision fatigue, when they are tired of making choices, they have a tendency to choose to go with status quo,” says Polman. “But it can be problematic since a change in the course of action can be important and lead to a positive outcome.” To achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. “People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,” he says. “That’s not to say risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin (懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered.” “Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’t mean you’ll do the same for yourself,” Polman cautions. “Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,” he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles. 36. What does the author say about people making decisions? A. They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them. B. They may become exhausted making too many decisions for themselves. C. They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities. D. They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves. 37. When do people feel less decision fatigue? A. When they take decision shortcuts. B. When they have advisers to turn to. C. When they have major decisions to make. D. When they help others to make decisions. 38. What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in? A. They avoid trying anything new. B. They turn to physicians for advice. C. They tend to make risky decisions. D. They adopt a totally new perspective. 39. What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making? A It will enable people to be more creative. B. It will more often than not end in regret. C. It is vital for one to reach the goal desired. D. It is likely to bring about serious consequence. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Memorizing a speech in one night is not an easy task, but it’s possible. There are hundreds of different memorization techniques out there. ____40____ Write out the entire speech. Simply take a piece of paper and a pen and write out the entire speech. ____41____ Many people memorize information better when they are actively recording it. Copying the speech on another piece of paper can help to commit that information to memory. ____42____ Much like writing the speech out on paper, typing the speech can also help commit the information to memory through visual learning. Since typing is generally faster than handwriting, you may have more time to type the speech several times in one night. There is no need to print the typed speech each time that you type it. However, you may be more likely to remember things that are handwritten rather than typed. Rehearse your speech for a friend.____43____ It is important to practice the speech in front of someone to ensure that you really know the information. Request that your friend give you some tips. They may be able to tell you if you are not speaking loud enough or if you are talking too quickly. Record yourself rehearsing the speech. If you don’t have anyone to practice with, try recording yourself while you rehearse your speech. Video recording is the best because you will be able to watch the recording and critique your speech and body language.____44____ Avoid trying to memorize the speech word for word. Normally, it is not necessary to recite a speech word for word. It is more important to remember all of the topics that you need to cover during the speech. Spend time memorizing the bullet points, important facts and statistics, and the layout of your speech in order to guarantee that you cover all of the information that needs to be covered. A. Type up the speech. B. Make a list of things that scare you about the speech. C. If the speech is relatively short, consider writing it out multiple times. D. However, the best method is the basic, tried-and-true strategy of repetition and practice. E. It is important to remember to take care of your body even when you are cramming for a presentation. F. You can also listen to the recording while you are doing other things to help remember the information. G. Sometimes you may think that you know your speech well, but you freeze up when you perform it in front of people. 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第45至46题每小题2分，第47题3分，第48题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Finding and keeping friends is a skill that can take some time to develop. From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist. “They become better at imagining someone else’s perspective and this stimulates more intimate (亲密的) friendships.” Children often have a practical view of friendship, forming close bonds with peers in the playground or classroom, says Kennedy-Moore. “It is a ‘love the one you’re with’ approach.” “The thing that kids have as an advantage over adults is that they are in the room with 25 others in their stage of life,” she says. “In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance (相识的人) to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection. Psychologists say best friendships can help children prepare for close relationships, including romantic ones, as they grow up. “Best friendship is really like falling in love, “says Kennedy-Moore. “Close friendships in childhood help kids practice the skills they need in intimate relationships throughout their lives. They learn about other people, and about themselves, to deal with feelings like envy, loneliness, and sadness.” “If children don’t talk about friends at home, it doesn’t mean they don’t have any,” she says, adding that this may because they prefer a quieter style of interacting with others. Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.” 45. What capacity do children develop from about the age of four according to Kennedy-Moore? 46. What is the disadvantage for adults to develop friendships compared with children? 47. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time. 48. List some other ways you usually use to develop or maintain your friendship.(In about 40 words) 第二节(20分) 49. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。得知你校英文报刊“Sports and Health”栏目正在征集学生投稿。你对此很感兴趣。内容包括： 1. 推荐一项适合课间开展的体育运动； 2. 说明推荐理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Editor, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$