第08辑二轮专题 2025届阅读微技能之写作手法题（提分干货+高考真题+名校模拟）-2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练

· 第08辑二轮专题 2025届阅读微技能之写作手法题 · （提分干货+高考真题+名校模拟）原卷版 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，提供高效提分干货，帮你举一反三提分 高考阅读理解主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，其共同目的就是增强说服力，服务于段落或篇章的主旨。 一、根据文章题材来判断。 ①记叙文多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。 ②说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。 ③议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。 二、根据“原文定位”来判断。 先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。 ①by giving examples 通过举例。标志词:for example, for instance ②by analyzing causes通过分析原因。标志词：as a result/consequence ③by giving definitions通过下定义。标志词：that is to say ④by listing data/statistics通过列数字。标志词：具体数字 ⑤by describing a process 通过描述过程。标志词：first, second, third, finally ⑥by following time order 遵循时间顺序。标志词：in 1920，in the 1940s, nowadays ⑦by making comparisons/contrast 通过对比。标志词：but, while, ⑧by making classifications 通过分类。标志词：first, next, then ⑨by analyzing cause and effect 通过分析因果。标志词：That is because…. ⑩by following space order 遵循空间顺序。标志词：由近及远，由外到内 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分技巧和应试思维！ (2020年浙江卷第29题) Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests. Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests. Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status. “This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy. ” It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit. Then points out. A waiter’s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), ” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. ” Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help. 28. Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests? A. To assess their health status. B. To evaluate their work habits. C. To analyze their personality. D. To measure their mental ability. 29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4? A. By using an expert’s words. B. By making a comparison. C. By referring to another study. D. By introducing a concept. 30. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。《神经病学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。 28. D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.(来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1000多名75岁以上的退休老人，并通过一系列的测试对他们的记忆力和思维能力进行了评估。)”可知，科学家让志愿者做测试是为了测试他们的心智能力。故选 29. B。推理判断题。根据第四段中Francisca Then说的话“This works just like physical exercise,( 这就像体育锻炼一样有效。)”及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一天下来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，Francisca Then是通过与“身体锻炼”作比较来解释他的发现的。 30. C。主旨大意题。第一段“Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age(需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。)”是本文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以C项“困难的工作可能有助于大脑保持敏捷”适合作本文标题。 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ 【01】（24-25高三上·河南商丘·期中）The ability of music to evoke (唤起) specific, often powerful feelings is no secret to anyone who has listened to Gustav Mahler’s “Symphony No. 5”, Billie Holiday’s “God Bless the Child”, the Ramones’ “I Wanna Be Sedated”, Lizzo’s “Good as Hell” or any of the other countless compositions that have found their way onto Western playlists in the past few centuries. The emotional effects of music are the point, of course. They are also the subject of a fast-growing field of research around the world in which scientists are exploring the nature of the many “subjective experiences” — such as joy, sadness, anxiety and calmness — that music evokes. In a recent set of experiments, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, and their colleagues sought to determine if the feelings that people experience when listening to music “show evidence of universality”. They compared and analyzed how more than 2,800 U.S. and Chinese study participants responded to 2,168 (mostly Western) samples of instrumental music. The team identified 13 distinct and very specific feelings that the Chinese and U.S. subjects shared when listening to music, despite their cultural differences. The music used in the research, described in the paper as “the richest set of Western music samples ever studied,” included classical, pop, rock, indie, hip-hop, R&B, country, film soundtracks, and more. An additional 189 sample of traditional Chinese music was also used. In all, the researchers gathered 375,230 judgments of the samples from the study participants. In the first experiment, subjects listened to Western music samples (each of which was just five seconds long) and reported on the specific feelings they evoked, choosing responses from a list of 28 “categories of subjective experience” provided by the researchers. Terms on the list included “victorious/heroic”, “sad/depressing”, “joyful/cheerful”, “awe-inspiring/amazing” and “dreamy”. The team then used data-driven statistical modeling to identify the 13 shared experiences. The second experiment, which included the Chinese music, involved broad evaluations of the samples by participants — such as whether the subjects liked or disliked them or found them exciting or not. A central finding of the study, the researchers write, is that specific feelings “drive the experience of music” more than the broader features. 1. How does the author mainly develop paragraph 1? A. By stating a series of facts. B. By making an assumption. C. By comparing various songs. D. By explaining some song terms. 2. What is the purpose of the study on Americans and the Chinese? A. To examine their music taste. B. To present musical traditions. C. To identify universal feelings of music. D. To compare Eastern and Western cultures. 3. What were the participants asked to do in the first experiment? A. Share their experiences with each other. B. Take down different styles of the songs. C. Retell what they heard in the music terms. D. Tick what they feel from a list by the researchers. 4. What can be the best title of the text? A. Is a Sad Song Sad for Everyone? B. What Makes a Song So Touching? C. Does All Modern Pop Music Sound the Same? D. What Do You Blame for Your Poor Musical Taste? 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。音乐的情感效果是世界各地一个新兴研究领域的主题。加州大学的研究人员试图弄清楚人们在听音乐时的感受是否都一样。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段内容“The ability of music to evoke (唤起) specific, often powerful feelings is no secret to anyone who has listened to Gustav Mahler’s “Symphony No. 5”, Billie Holiday’s “God Bless the Child”, the Ramones’ “I Wanna Be Sedated”, Lizzo’s “Good as Hell” or any of the other countless compositions that have found their way onto Western playlists in the past few centuries.( 对于那些听过古斯塔夫·马勒(Gustav Mahler)的《第五交响曲》、比莉·霍乐迪(Billie Holiday)的《上帝保佑孩子》、雷蒙斯(Ramones)的《我想要镇静》、利佐(Lizzo)的《好得像地狱》(Good as Hell)或其他在过去几个世纪里进入西方播放列表的无数作品的人来说，音乐唤起特定的、通常是强烈的感情的能力已经不是什么秘密了。)”可知，第一段主要使用列举事实的说明方法来说明音乐的情感效果的，故答案为A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In a recent set of experiments, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, and their colleagues sought to determine if the feelings that people experience when listening to music “show evidence of universality”. (在最近的一系列实验中，加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员和他们的同事试图确定人们在听音乐时的感受是否“显示出普遍性”。)”可知，研究的目的是为了判断人们在听音乐时的感受是否显示出普遍性。故答案为C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第五段“In the first experiment, subjects listened to Western music samples (each of which was just five seconds long) and reported on the specific feelings they evoked, choosing responses from a list of 28 ‘categories of subjective experience’ provided by the researchers.( 在第一个实验中，受试者听西方音乐样本(每个问题只有5秒钟长)，并从研究人员提供的28种“主观体验类别”中选择回答，报告他们所唤起的具体感受。)”可知，在第一个实验中，受试者从研究人员的列表中勾选他们的感受。故答案为D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段的“They are also the subject of a fast-growing field of research around the world in which scientists are exploring the nature of the many “subjective experiences”—such as joy, sadness, anxiety and calmness—that music evokes.(它们也是世界上一个快速发展的研究领域的主题，科学家们正在探索音乐所唤起的许多“主观体验”的本质——比如快乐、悲伤、焦虑和平静。)”和第三段的“In a recent set of experiments, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, and their colleagues sought to determine if the feelings that people experience when listening to music “show evidence of universality”.(在最近的一系列实验中，加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员和他们的同事试图确定人们在听音乐时的感受是否“显示出普遍性”。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍一项研究，加州大学的研究人员试图弄清楚人们在听音乐时的感受是否都一样，因此推断A项“一首悲伤的歌对每个人来说都是悲伤的吗？”为最佳标题，与主旨相符。故答案为A。 【02】（24-25·山东济南·期中）A new study published in the Journal of Marriage and Family claims that all that time you spend parenting just doesn’t matter. But it’s a claim that, despite the enthusiastic and widespread coverage by the media, does not hold water. The research suggests that child outcomes (including behavior problems, emotional problems, and academic performance) are barely connected with the time that parents spend with their children. The researchers examined the time diaries of 1,600 children, looking at parenting time and outcomes when the kids were aged 3 to 11 in 1997, and again in 2002, when they were between 8 and 16. (A time diary is a detailed report of all activities you carry out in a day. ) This research largely reflects the failure of the authors to correctly measure parental input. It just looked at time diaries from two particular days-one a weekday and the other a weekend day. Trying to get a sense of the time you spend parenting from a single day’s diary is a bit like trying to measure your income from a single day. If yesterday was payday, you looked rich, but if it’s not, you would be reported as poor. You get a clearer picture only by looking at your income — or your parenting time—over a more meaningful period. What you did yesterday should not be taken as representative of what you did last year, This is why most high-quality studies of parenting time focus instead on how often parents read to their children, play with them or help their with homework over a period of a month or longer — long enough to represent their different approaches to parenting. As an exhausted parent who doesn’t get enough time to work out, and who hasn’t seen a movie for months, I understand why so many of us might seize on studies suggesting that we should take more time for ourselves. Perhaps we should. But I agree with Ariel Kalil, a developmental psychologist, on the suggestion “that when parents spend high-quality time with their children, their children are more likely to succeed.” 1. By saying in Paragraph 1 “ ... it’s a claim that ... does not bold water”, the author means the claim is not ________. A. reasonable B. surprising C. confusing D. usual 2. The study was conducted to explore the link between ________. A. children’s habits and parents’ influence B. parenting time and child outcomes C. time diaries and child development D. daily activities and children’s problems 3. How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed? A. By giving descriptions. B. By analyzing the cause. C. By making a comparison. D. By offering research findings. 4. What can we learn about the author’s life? A. He goes to bed early every night. B. He has little interest in movies. C. He has little time for himself. D. He leads a very easy life. 【03】（2024·浙江宁波·期中）Artificial intelligence (AD) has become a fashion word in recent years, and its impact on society is growing rapidly. AI refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that would typically require human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision making. This technology is transforming every industry, from healthcare to finance, and is expected to revolutionize the future. One area where AI is making significant strides is healthcare. AI-powered tools can analyze vast amounts of medial data and help doctors make more informed diagnoses and treatment decisions. This technology is particularly useful in fields such as radiology where AI algorithms can analyze medical images to detect abnormalities that may be missed by human eyes. In finance, AI is being used to analyze vast amounts of data to identify patterns and predict market trends. This technology can help traders make more informed decisions and reduce the risks of financial losses. Similarly AI-powered chatbots are being used in customer service, helping to improve response times and provide personalized support. As the use of AI grows, concerns about job displacement have also arisen. Some fear that Al-powered machines and robots will replace human workers, leading to mass unemployment. While this is a possibility, it is also important to note that AI will create new jobs in fields such as data analysis, software development, and robotics. Another major concern about AI is the potential for bias and discrimination. AI algorithms are only as good as the data they are trained on, and if that data contains biases, the algorithms will also be biased. This issue is particularly concerning in fields such as criminal justice, where AI-powered systems are being used to make decisions about sentencing. If these algorithms are biased, they could make existing inequalities continue in the criminal justice system. Despite these concerns, the benefits of AI are numerous and undeniable. However, to ensure that these benefits are accessible to all and to address concerns about bis and discrimination, it is crucial to continue researching and developing moral AI. 1. AI outweighs humans in healthcare because it ______. A. stops financial risks. B. recognizes market tendency. C. ensures precise judgment. D. offers personalized services. 2. What is one of the major concerns of AI? A. A large number of human workers will be laid off. B. Algorithms will be out of date. C. Unfairness may arise in criminal justice system. D. New jobs will be unavailable. 3. How does the writer mainly develop this text? A. By stating facts and citing quotes. B. By presenting influences and listing examples. C. By showing different ideas and giving reasons. D. By comparing research results and offering suggestions. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Artificial Intelligence: Becoming a Fashion Word B. Artificial Intelligence: Improving Human Abilities C. Artificial Intelligence: Bettering Decision Making D. Artificial Intelligence: Revolutionizing the Future 【05】（23-24高三下·全国·阶段练习）Butterflies are the adult stage of an insect belonging to a group called Lepidoptera, which is a Greek word meaning “scaly wings.” The term is appropriate, as the wings of these insects have thousands of overlapping (重叠的) tiny scales. They give the butterfly its super appearance as the scales are set in colorful patterns unique to their species.Butterflies have the typical body of insects: head, thorax, abdomen, and six legs. They also have an exoskeleton (外骨骼) and two feelers. The first stage of butterfly life is the egg. These shells are tiny and can be roundor oval. Females attach eggs to plant stems or leaves, which serve as food when the larvae (幼虫) hatch. At the second stage, the larva/caterpillar hatches. The new animal may have a number of legs. Several pairs will be true legs but some will be false legs. The caterpillar has a greedy appetite and spends most of its life eating. It grows a lot during this phase, only the outer skin doesn’t grow along with the rest of its body. Outgrowing its skin, the caterpillar molts, ridding one exoskeleton and replacing it with another. Caterpillars may go through up to five molts. The third stage is the chrysalis (虫茧). Caterpillars find a spray and make it home. (They may use a wall or other support.) The exoskeleton splits and reveals the chrysalis. The chrysalis shell hangs like a big bag. Inside the shell, the caterpillar breaks down. It rearranges its structure, growing a new body, legs, and wings. Unlike the caterpillar, the chrysalis doesn’t eat. It survives on energy from food eaten during the larval stage. This third step can last from several days to twelve months. The final stage is the birth of the adult butterfly. The chrysalis splits, and the butterfly emerges. Most adult butterflies live a week or two. Some species live as long as 18 months. 1. How does the author feel about Lepidoptera? A. Significant. B. Typical. C. Adequate. D. Specific. 2. What does the underlined word “molts” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Changes the old chrysalis into a new one. B. Replaces the original skin with a new one. C. Controls the false legs with the true ones. D. Replaces the old exoskeleton with a new one. 3. Where does the food of the chrysalis come from? A. The first stage of butterfly life. B. The second stage of butterfly life. C. The third stage of butterfly life. D. The fourth stage of butterfly life. 4. How is the text mainly developed? A. By process. B. By example. C. By comparison. D. By classification. 【05】（2024·湖北·一模）“The water will turn to steam, which will power cars.” “Yeah, that’s a really cool idea.” This conversation is part of a lesson about technologies that reduce planet-heating pollution. It was lectured, in a brand-new way, by Kirstin Milks, a science teacher at Bloomington High School. Climate change is the story of today’s young people’s lives. But Milks says, “Our students need to know not just the stuff we hear about in the news, but also the actual difference we can make in our shared future.” So, she teaches in such an innovative way. Creativity is at the core of her lesson. After students learn the basics of climate engineering, which covers a range of strategies, including reflecting sunlight back into space and removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, they’re asked to “come up with interesting wild ideas” to slow global warming. In the first round of brainstorming, students imagined lots of ways to reflect light back into the atmosphere, like covering the desert in shiny glitter (发光物). Next, students are asked to consider the potential limitations and risks to their ideas. Take glitter in the desert, for example: “How are we going to make sure that the glitter doesn’t get eaten by the rock pocket mouse or snakes?” Milks asks. The student suggests making the glitter large and smooth enough so it won’t be eaten by animals or otherwise harm them. For their final assignment, students present their concepts, including their anticipated benefits and risks. Ben Kravitz, an assistant professor at Indiana University, who carefully watch the whole lesson, says, “The neat thing about seeing all of these ideas come out of the classroom is it’s not I can’t do it. It’s we can do it. Humans, when they get together, can do amazing things. And that’s what gives me hope.” 1. Why does Kirstin Milks lecture in an innovative way? A. She’s bettering ways to power cars. B. She’s inspiring students to address real problems. C. She’s making science classes more accessible. D. She’s helping students stay informed of climate change. 2. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. Procedures of a lesson. B. The core value of creativity. C. Ideas of different students. D. The key concept of solutions. 3. How is the last paragraph mainly developed? A. By defining a concept. B. By quoting an expert. C. By making a comparison. D. By providing an example. 4. Which best describes Milks’ way of teaching? A. It ignores practical application. B. It focuses on theoretical knowledge. C. It encourages creative problem-solving. D. It highlights the risks of climate change. 【07】（2024高三上·河南·专题练习）Thanks to my K-drama obsession (痴迷), I’ve started learning Korean, I have a new favorite actor Lee Dong Wook, and I’ve become increasingly curious about Korean folktales. I was familiar with the Rabbit in the Moon and the Gumiho, but the Snail Bride and the Imugi were new to me. I also did not know about “The Tale of Shim Cheong”, where the beautiful daughter of a blind man throws herself into the sea and is taken to the underwater palace of the Dragon King. Axie Oh’s deliciously lovely novel The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea is based on this tale, so I was very excited to learn more. In this retelling, the perfect Shim Cheong is intended to be the Sea God’s hundredth bride. She will be his final bride, the locals say, bringing peace to both the angry god and the village that has been stuck by violent storms for a century. But as Oh’s story opens, a young man named Joon has lost his heart to Cheong and is about to risk everything to stop the sacrifice. To save the life of her brother, Joon’s 16-year-old sister Mina jumps into the sea at the last minute and gives herself to the Sea God instead. Throughout the story are woven the timeless topics of faith, hope, responsibility, and loyalty to one’s family. And of course one of my favorite themes in all of literature: fate (命运) versus free will. What is it that determines our fate? If our path is truly one of our own makings, do we trust ourselves enough to make the “right” choices? What if we find our goals changing as we go along? And if you, like me, have fallen hard in love with the legends woven into fantastic dramas like Hotel Del Luna and Tale of the Nine-Tailed, you’ll want to get your hands on The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea immediately and keep it in a special place on your bookshelf, for the express purpose of enjoying Axie Oh’s magical tale again and again! 1. What can we learn about Axie Oh from the text? A. She’s an actress. B. She’s a good diver. C. She’s a great novelist. D. She’s a language expert. 2. Why did Mina throw herself into the sea? A. To search for more sea animals. B. To bring peace to her village. C. To accompany her friends Cheong. D. To rescue her beloved brother Joon. 3. How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3? A. By giving examples. B. By asking questions. C. By making comparisons. D. By listing figures. 4. What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph? A. Write more fantastic dramas. B. Learn more traditional dramas. C. Watch The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea on TV. D. Read the book The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea. 【08】（23-24高三上·辽宁大连·期末）The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has released the first global blueprint to save the world’s forests. The WWF is a global conservation charity. Its Forest Pathways Report details the state of the world’s forests and what governments can do to better protect them. The report focuses on the commitments that were made at COP26 ——a conference on the climate emergency held in the UK in 2021. At COP26, more than 140 countries, covering around 90% of the world’s forest, promised to end deforestation by 2030. However, the WWF says that this target is in danger of being missed. In 2022, 66,000 square kilometres of forest around the world was lost. About two-thirds of this was from tropical forests. This is having an effect on wildlife, with the WWF’s blueprint noting a decline in the populations of species that depend on forests, such as gorillas, hornbills, orangutans and black-headed squirrel monkeys. However, the report also highlights some conservation success stories. For instance, the Khata Conservation Area in Nepal has grown by a size amount to 3,000 football pitches, providing a home for tigers and other species. Meanwhile, in the UK, the Wild Ingleborough project, a partnership between the WWF and the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust, is restoring 15square kilometres of land in the Yorkshire Dales back to its natural wild state, complete with woodlands. Mary Gagen, author of the Forest Pathways Report, says, “There are pockets of success where countries are approaching deforestation, and we know what needs to be done to grow those.” The report includes a list of recommendations for world governments, providing a blueprint to save forests. This includes toughening up rules against deforestation as well as recognizing the rights of indigenous (当地的) peoples who live in the forests. They are the descendants (后代) of those who lived somewhere before another culture arrived and took over.There are also some specific suggestions for the UK Government, such as bringing in environmental standards for food that is bought and sold in the UK, so that none of it contributes to deforestation. 1. What do we know about WWF? A. It may fail to meet its goal. B. It focuses on protecting our earth. C. It offers proposals to governments. D. It approves of COP26’s commitments. 2. How does the author mainly develop the third paragraph? A. By listing some statistics. B. By clarifying a concept. C. By citing some examples. D. By pointing out similarities. 3. What can you learn from the text? A. The blueprint lays down food criteria for countries. B. Concrete tips will help the UK government save forests. C. The blueprint doesn’t acknowledge the rights of natives. D. The native people are succeeding generations of another culture. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Keynote of Forest Pathways Report. B. A Conference on the Climate Emergency. C. The Worldwide Effort for Deforestation. D. Successful Stories of Tackling Deforestation. 【09】（23-24高三上·宁夏银川·阶段练习）If asked if space exploration should continue, most Americans would give an immediate response either in favor of continuing or in favor of ending space exploration. A common response would be that space exploration is a waste of money. An average American, uneducated on the subject,might believe that the government is wasting billions of dollars on the research that has no value.Someone strange to the subject might say that a space shuttle goes up once in a while and that is about all that happens. Research is ongoing and continues when there are no shuttles being launched. This also costs the government money. Does the extreme cost of space exploration make sense? One argument is that the government is wasting money on the research not being used on Earth. Actually, the money goes to workers and scientists that support National Acronauics and Space Administration (NASA) missions, and goes to major companies that play important roles in major sectors of the US economy. Boeing is a partner of NASA for aircraft, the same company that makes commercial aircraft for the airline industry. Another benefit to continuing space exploration is the many technologies it provides ides. The artificial heart resulted from experiments on the space shuttle. The handheld Jaws of Life used to save victims from car accidents resulted from the system used to separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets. Insulation (隔热板) in homes that keeps them warm and energy efficient is based on the technology used to insulate the space shuttle. There are direct benefits to the economy provided by NASA missions as well as those technologies. These advances are found in food, building materials, medical procedures and the vehicles we drive. While it can be proven that billions of dollars that could be used elsewhere is being spent on space exploration, the benefits it provides outweigh the terrible aspects. As a matter of fact,the money spent helps to improve the quality of our lives. . 1. How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed? A. By offering analyses. B. By making comparisons. C. By listing figures. D. By presenting research findings. 2. The function of Jaws of Life is to________. A. save people from traffic accidents B. do experiments on the space shuttle C. keep houses warm and energy efficient D. separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets 3. In the author’s opinion, space exploration . A. has changed our life completely B. benefits us in many ways C. costs too much of our time D. has nothing to do with us 4. What would be the best title for the text? A. Benefits of space exploration. B. How to make space exploration affordable? C. Is space exploration worth the cost? D. Missions of the NASA space shuttle program. 【10】（23-24高三上·湖南岳阳·阶段练习）While bone soup can provide some beneficial nutrients, experts don’t view the popular soup as vital addition to your wellness. Is drinking bone soup good for you? Made by boiling animal bones in water for a long time with vegetables, spices and sometimes other ingredients, bone soup can be “part of the puzzle, but is not a quick fix,” Laura Ligos, a registered nutritionist and specialist in sports dietetics, says. “The goal is to help to pull out important nutrients from the bones,” she says. “It’s these nutrients that are extracted (萃取) from the bones that have been shown to be helpful with skin, hair, and nail health and there is some truth to that. That being said, we need more than just bone soup to be able to improve overall health.” Benefits of bone soup include providing humans with certain nutrients from the connective tissue and meat of the bones, which in turn can aid in strengthening muscle and bones, explains Jenna Litt, a registered dietitian at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. “Specifically, bone soup is rich in collagen and certain vitamins and minerals, such as iron, fat-soluble vitamins, zinc and other trace minerals. Collagen and fat-soluble vitamins are known to improve hair, skin and nail health,” she adds. Do I need bone soup in my diet? The short answer? No. While almost anyone can try it, Ligos says it’s important to look at the big picture when thinking about nutrition. “There likely isn’t one food item that’s going to be the golden ticket to our health. It’s a combination of things that we do that can support our health over the long run. Bone soup can certainly be a part of that-but not the only part of that. ”For example, if you’ re interested in improving skin, nail and hair health, simply increasing protein intake in your diet has been shown to yield results, Litt says, pointing out that “the use of bone soup is not required.” 1. How does the author mainly develop this text? A. By referring to professionals. B. By analyzing cause and effect. C. By listing a series of relevant facts. D. By following time order. 2. What may the underlined part “the big picture” in paragraph 6 probably refer to? A. A specific choice. B. The whole health situation. C. The beneficial side. D. A particular preference. 3. Which of the following may Litt agree with? A. Not everyone can try bone soup. B. The use of bone soup is quite necessary. C. Bone soup can replace protein. D. Bone soup is not the master key to health. 4. What may be a suitable title for the text? A. Does your diet contain enough proteins? B. Do you consume bone soup properly? C. Does bone soup really benefit health? D. Is bone soup rich in essential nutrients? 【11】（23-24高三上·安徽·阶段练习）Tall, long-necked giraffes are famous for their spots. The spots are believed to help the animals hide from their enemies. The skin beneath the spots may also help giraffes stay at the right temperature. Just like no two humans have the same fingerprints, each giraffe has its own special pattern of spots. On July 31, a baby giraffe was born at Bright’s Zoo with no spots at all. Instead, its fur is light brown. The giraffe is a reticulated(网状的) giraffe, which is one of the four different kinds of giraffes. It was born perfectly healthy. It just doesn’t have any spots. David Bright, who runs the zoo, told Newsweek, “This is beyond rare. The last time this happened was 1972 in Japan.” Currently, the young giraffe is believed to be the only spotless giraffe in the world. The young giraffe is a girl. Giraffes are born quite large. This one isn’t quite a month old, and she’s already about 1.8 meters tall. Mr. Bright says she’s very sweet, and has a “laid-back” personality. A giraffe’s pattern of spots is created when the animal is still growing inside its mother. That means that this giraffe will never have spots. Mr. Bright says that the new giraffe might not have survived if she’d been born in the wild. Reticulated giraffes are already struggling. In 2018, they were officially listed as “threatened”. Thirty-five years ago, there were 36,000 reticulated giraffes. Now, the number has been cut by more than 50%. Only about 16,000 reticulated giraffes remain. Bright’s Zoo is hoping to use the young spotless giraffe to bring attention to efforts to protect giraffes. Mr. Bright says the zoo hopes to raise money for groups like Save Giraffes Now. So far,the young giraffe hasn’t been given a name. Mr. Bright’s family has come up with four possible choices. Now the z oo is asking people to vote for their favorite name. 1. According to the text, the spots of giraffes_________. A. increase their beauty B. reduce their body temperature C. are quite hard to distinguish D. serve as a way of self-protection 2. What makes the baby giraffe special according to paragraph 2? A. Its size. B. Its appearance. C. Its personality. D. Its species. 3. How is paragraph 5 mainly developed? A. By analyzing causes. B. By listing figures. C. By giving examples. D. By following time order. 4. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A news report. B. A scientific study. C. A guidebook. D. A notice. 【12】（24-25高三上·河北保定·期中）The idea that humans are facing a global extinction of experience of nature is popular, but is it true? To give more light on this issue, the scientists measured how the average distance from an individual’s home to the nearest area with low human impact changed in the last decade. The scientists found that humans currently live 9.7 kilometers away from a natural area on average, which is 7% further away than in the year 2000. Europe and East Asia have the highest average distance to natural areas, such as 22 kilometers in Germany and 16 kilometers in France. The scientists also showed that tree cover within cities has declined worldwide since 2000, suggesting that the possibility for the urban population to access green spaces is reducing as well. The scientists also systematically searched for scientific publications assessing a trend in experiences of nature, finding that the number of studies assessing these trends was very low (the number is 18), most of which are about the US, Europe and Japan. This shows that more studies should investigate the claim about the extinction of nature experience, especially in Africa and Latin America. The 18 studies found by the scientists show a decline in visits to nature parks in the US and Japan, a decrease in camping activities in the US, and a decrease in the number of flower species observed by Japanese children. They also find signs of decline in the use of natural elements in novels, songs and cartoons. Despite these examples of decline, other interactions are increasing. Watching wildlife documentaries or interacting with wild animals in videogames is, for example, more common than a few years ago. “New ways of digitally interacting with nature have certainly emerged or increased in recent years,” says Dr Gladys Barragan-Jason. “But several former studies show that these vicarious interactions have a lesser effect on our sense of connection with nature than exposure to nature, such as visiting nature parks.” 1. How does the author mainly develop the text? A. By giving examples and making contrast. B. By listing data and classifying them. C. By giving examples and definitions. D. By analyzing data and making comparison. 2. The scientists showed several signs of decline in . A. the distance between humans and nature B. the connection between humans and wild animals C. reading novels, singing songs and watching cartoons D. tree cover, visits to nature parks and nature presence in the arts 3. What does the underlined word “vicarious” in the last paragraph mean? A. Positive. B. Novel. C. Indirect. D. Complex. 4. What can be a suitable title of the text? A. Global Extinction of Green Spaces. B. Decline in Experiences of Nature. C. The Lost Joy in the Natural World. D. A New Way of Connecting With Nature. 【13】（24-25高三上·浙江金华·阶段练习）Many people have participated into lots of virtual meetings these years. Some research shows this adjustment might not impact workplace productivity to any great degree. A new study, though, suggests otherwise. In the study, 602 participants were randomly paired and asked to come up with creative uses for a product. They were also randomly selected to work together either in person or virtually. The pairs were then ranked by assessing their total number of ideas, as well as those concepts’ degree of novelty, and asked to submit their best idea. Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers' resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office. “We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate with remote workers,” said lead researcher Melanie Brucks.“Unlike other forms of virtual communication, like phone calls or e-mail, videoconferencing copies the in-person experience quite well, so I was surprised when we found meaningful differences between in-person and video interaction for idea generation.” When random objects were placed in both the virtual and physical rooms, the virtual pairs of participants spent more time looking directly at each other rather than letting their look wander about the room and taking in the entire scene. Eyeing one's whole environment and noticing the random objects were associated with increased idea generation. On platforms, the screen occupies our interactions. Our look wavers less. “Looking away might come across as rude,” said Brucks,“so we have to look at the screen because that is the defined context of the interaction, the same way we wouldn't walk to another room while talking to someone in person.” Like most educators, Brucks has primarily taught virtually in the past three years, and she did notice some benefits of the approach as well. Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often, rid of the anxiety that comes from addressing a large classroom. Brucks found that one solution to improving virtual idea generation might be to simply turn off the camera, for her students felt “freer” and more creative when asked to do so. And this may be sound advice for the workplace. 1. What does the underlined word “stiffen” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Shake. B. Revise. C. Challenge. D. Strengthen. 2. What can we infer from the passage? A. Creative ideas may emerge from casual thoughts. B. Participants should make eye contact in an online meeting. C. The feedback from companies were surprising and valuable. D. Videoconferencing can't compare with in-person communication. 3. How does the author mainly develop the text? A. By giving example. B. By drawing conclusions. C. By raising questions. D. By comparing situations. 4. What can we learn about Brucks’ students? A. They relieved anxiety by speaking up. B. They progressed in focusing attention. C. They took advantage of virtual learning. D. They displayed talent for public speaking. 【14】（24-25高三上·山东济宁·期中）Nature is one of the greatest sources of inspiration for engineers and computer scientists to develop new technological tools. Over the past decade or so, roboticists have developed countless robots inspired by the behavior and biological mechanisms of snakes, fish, birds, insects and countless other animals. Researchers at Beijing Institute of Technology recently designed a new bio-inspired robot that can maintain its balance using tail-like mechanism. The robot is made up of a main body, two wheels and the tail-inspired component, which is controlled by an adaptive controller that allows it to turn in different directions within an area parallel (平行的) to the robot’s wheels. The specific patters that are designed to increase the robot’s stability are calculated using the so-called Lyapunov stability theorem, which is a theoretical construct that describes the stability of dynamic systems. Most existing approaches to balancing vehicles with two wheels work by collecting a vehicle’s body height data using an inertial (惯性的) measurement unit (IMU), which is an electronic device that can measure a specific force acting on a body or object. Conventional approaches process the data collected by an IMU device and then carry out balancing strategies accordingly, typically by adjusting its tilt (倾斜的) angle. While many of these approaches achieved satisfactory results, the design put forward by this team of researchers introduces a practical alternative that does not involve adjusting the robot’s tilt angle. It is one of the few existing techniques that are inspired by the tails of animals, to enhance a wheeled robot’s balance while considering uncertainty in the environment. The researchers evaluated the effectiveness of the tail-like robotic mechanism in a series of tests. Their findings were very promising. as when the robot lost its balance in the tested environment, the artificial “tail” was able to re-balance it within no more than 3.5 seconds. In the future, this tail-like mechanism could be adapted to enhance the stability and balance of other existing or newly developed robots. In addition, the findings gathered as part of this study could inspire other roboticists to design similar tail-like components. 1. What’s special about the new robot? A. It is a bio-inspired robot. B. It is identical to an insect. C. Its “tail”promotes the stability control. D. Its wheels are used to sustain its balance. 2. How are paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly developed? A. By giving a definition. B. By setting an example. C. By analyzing reasons. D. By making comparisons. 3. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to? A. The adaptive controller. B. The bio-inspired robot. C. The tail-like component. D. The surrounding environment. 4. What does the last paragraph focus on? A. Reasons for the research. B. Potentials of the research. C. Complexities of the research. D. Challenges of the research. 【15】（2024·湖南怀化·二模）In recent years, there has been a growing focus on the environment and human health. Though chemical farming is used by over 90 per cent of the world’s farmers, the wide range of damage it has caused to the environment and human health makes it a bad choice. Organic farming, on the other hand, aims to improve food quality, reduce farming’s environmental impact and promote consumers’ health. It is therefore the option that farmers may choose. Organic food is very popular. It is also expensive. Some organic food costs twice as much as non-organic food, but new parents and pet owners are willing to pay up to 200% more for organic food. However, there are people who think it is a waste of money. There is one main difference between organic and non-organic food. Organic farms do not use agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides. In many countries organic foods have special labels. These guarantee that the products are natural. Some people think organic means locally grown. Originally this was true. Over time organic farming became more difficult. The demand for organic food grew larger than the supply. Small companies had to sell out to large companies. There weren’t enough organic ingredients, such as grain and cattle. This made it difficult for many organic companies to stay in business. Today, many large-companies have an organic line of products. Is organic food more nutritious? This is part of the debate. Many farmers and consumers believe it is. They think agricultural chemicals cause health problems, such as cancer. Many health professionals disagree. Few studies prove that organic foods prevent health problems. Health specialists worry more about bacteria, such as E. coli and salmonella. These can get into contact with organic and non-organic food. Doctors recommend washing produce very carefully. Handling meat carefully is important too. Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better. Is tastier food worth the extra money? This is a matter of opinion. Whether it is healthier or not may require more research. However, organic consumers argue it is better to be safe than sorry. 1. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the passage? A. Chemical farming is a wise choice now. B. The environment and human health draw no attention. C. Organic farming has taken the place of Chemical farming. D. The positive effects of organic farming contribute to farmers’ favor. 2. What can we know from the passage? A. Some organic food costs much more than non-organic food. B. Organic farms consume quantities of agricultural chemicals. C. It’s never hard for all organic companies to stay in business. D. Health specialists pay no attention to E. coli and salmonella. 3. How does the author mainly develop Paragraph 5? A. By following time order. B. By providing some examples. C. By showing cause and effect. D. By comparing opinions. 4. What is consumers’ major concern about the organic food? A. Price. B. Safety. C. Freshness. D. Nutrition. 试卷第16页，共16页 15 / 16 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ · 第08辑二轮专题 2025届阅读微技能之写作手法题 · （提分干货+高考真题+名校模拟）解析版 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，提供高效提分干货，帮你举一反三提分 高考阅读理解主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，其共同目的就是增强说服力，服务于段落或篇章的主旨。 一、根据文章题材来判断。 ①记叙文多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。 ②说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。 ③议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。 二、根据“原文定位”来判断。 先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。 ①by giving examples 通过举例。标志词:for example, for instance ②by analyzing causes通过分析原因。标志词：as a result/consequence ③by giving definitions通过下定义。标志词：that is to say ④by listing data/statistics通过列数字。标志词：具体数字 ⑤by describing a process 通过描述过程。标志词：first, second, third, finally ⑥by following time order 遵循时间顺序。标志词：in 1920，in the 1940s, nowadays ⑦by making comparisons/contrast 通过对比。标志词：but, while, ⑧by making classifications 通过分类。标志词：first, next, then ⑨by analyzing cause and effect 通过分析因果。标志词：That is because…. ⑩by following space order 遵循空间顺序。标志词：由近及远，由外到内 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分技巧和应试思维！ (2020年浙江卷第29题) Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests. Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests. Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status. “This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy. ” It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit. Then points out. A waiter’s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), ” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. ” Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help. 28. Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests? A. To assess their health status. B. To evaluate their work habits. C. To analyze their personality. D. To measure their mental ability. 29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4? A. By using an expert’s words. B. By making a comparison. C. By referring to another study. D. By introducing a concept. 30. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。《神经病学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。 28. D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.(来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1000多名75岁以上的退休老人，并通过一系列的测试对他们的记忆力和思维能力进行了评估。)”可知，科学家让志愿者做测试是为了测试他们的心智能力。故选 29. B。推理判断题。根据第四段中Francisca Then说的话“This works just like physical exercise,( 这就像体育锻炼一样有效。)”及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一天下来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，Francisca Then是通过与“身体锻炼”作比较来解释他的发现的。 30. C。主旨大意题。第一段“Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age(需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。)”是本文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以C项“困难的工作可能有助于大脑保持敏捷”适合作本文标题。 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ 【01】（24-25高三上·河南商丘·期中）The ability of music to evoke (唤起) specific, often powerful feelings is no secret to anyone who has listened to Gustav Mahler’s “Symphony No. 5”, Billie Holiday’s “God Bless the Child”, the Ramones’ “I Wanna Be Sedated”, Lizzo’s “Good as Hell” or any of the other countless compositions that have found their way onto Western playlists in the past few centuries. The emotional effects of music are the point, of course. They are also the subject of a fast-growing field of research around the world in which scientists are exploring the nature of the many “subjective experiences” — such as joy, sadness, anxiety and calmness — that music evokes. In a recent set of experiments, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, and their colleagues sought to determine if the feelings that people experience when listening to music “show evidence of universality”. They compared and analyzed how more than 2,800 U.S. and Chinese study participants responded to 2,168 (mostly Western) samples of instrumental music. The team identified 13 distinct and very specific feelings that the Chinese and U.S. subjects shared when listening to music, despite their cultural differences. The music used in the research, described in the paper as “the richest set of Western music samples ever studied,” included classical, pop, rock, indie, hip-hop, R&B, country, film soundtracks, and more. An additional 189 sample of traditional Chinese music was also used. In all, the researchers gathered 375,230 judgments of the samples from the study participants. In the first experiment, subjects listened to Western music samples (each of which was just five seconds long) and reported on the specific feelings they evoked, choosing responses from a list of 28 “categories of subjective experience” provided by the researchers. Terms on the list included “victorious/heroic”, “sad/depressing”, “joyful/cheerful”, “awe-inspiring/amazing” and “dreamy”. The team then used data-driven statistical modeling to identify the 13 shared experiences. The second experiment, which included the Chinese music, involved broad evaluations of the samples by participants — such as whether the subjects liked or disliked them or found them exciting or not. A central finding of the study, the researchers write, is that specific feelings “drive the experience of music” more than the broader features. 1. How does the author mainly develop paragraph 1? A. By stating a series of facts. B. By making an assumption. C. By comparing various songs. D. By explaining some song terms. 2. What is the purpose of the study on Americans and the Chinese? A. To examine their music taste. B. To present musical traditions. C. To identify universal feelings of music. D. To compare Eastern and Western cultures. 3. What were the participants asked to do in the first experiment? A. Share their experiences with each other. B. Take down different styles of the songs. C. Retell what they heard in the music terms. D. Tick what they feel from a list by the researchers. 4. What can be the best title of the text? A. Is a Sad Song Sad for Everyone? B. What Makes a Song So Touching? C. Does All Modern Pop Music Sound the Same? D. What Do You Blame for Your Poor Musical Taste? 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。音乐的情感效果是世界各地一个新兴研究领域的主题。加州大学的研究人员试图弄清楚人们在听音乐时的感受是否都一样。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段内容“The ability of music to evoke (唤起) specific, often powerful feelings is no secret to anyone who has listened to Gustav Mahler’s “Symphony No. 5”, Billie Holiday’s “God Bless the Child”, the Ramones’ “I Wanna Be Sedated”, Lizzo’s “Good as Hell” or any of the other countless compositions that have found their way onto Western playlists in the past few centuries.( 对于那些听过古斯塔夫·马勒(Gustav Mahler)的《第五交响曲》、比莉·霍乐迪(Billie Holiday)的《上帝保佑孩子》、雷蒙斯(Ramones)的《我想要镇静》、利佐(Lizzo)的《好得像地狱》(Good as Hell)或其他在过去几个世纪里进入西方播放列表的无数作品的人来说，音乐唤起特定的、通常是强烈的感情的能力已经不是什么秘密了。)”可知，第一段主要使用列举事实的说明方法来说明音乐的情感效果的，故答案为A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In a recent set of experiments, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, and their colleagues sought to determine if the feelings that people experience when listening to music “show evidence of universality”. (在最近的一系列实验中，加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员和他们的同事试图确定人们在听音乐时的感受是否“显示出普遍性”。)”可知，研究的目的是为了判断人们在听音乐时的感受是否显示出普遍性。故答案为C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第五段“In the first experiment, subjects listened to Western music samples (each of which was just five seconds long) and reported on the specific feelings they evoked, choosing responses from a list of 28 ‘categories of subjective experience’ provided by the researchers.( 在第一个实验中，受试者听西方音乐样本(每个问题只有5秒钟长)，并从研究人员提供的28种“主观体验类别”中选择回答，报告他们所唤起的具体感受。)”可知，在第一个实验中，受试者从研究人员的列表中勾选他们的感受。故答案为D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段的“They are also the subject of a fast-growing field of research around the world in which scientists are exploring the nature of the many “subjective experiences”—such as joy, sadness, anxiety and calmness—that music evokes.(它们也是世界上一个快速发展的研究领域的主题，科学家们正在探索音乐所唤起的许多“主观体验”的本质——比如快乐、悲伤、焦虑和平静。)”和第三段的“In a recent set of experiments, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, and their colleagues sought to determine if the feelings that people experience when listening to music “show evidence of universality”.(在最近的一系列实验中，加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员和他们的同事试图确定人们在听音乐时的感受是否“显示出普遍性”。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍一项研究，加州大学的研究人员试图弄清楚人们在听音乐时的感受是否都一样，因此推断A项“一首悲伤的歌对每个人来说都是悲伤的吗？”为最佳标题，与主旨相符。故答案为A。 【02】（24-25·山东济南·期中）A new study published in the Journal of Marriage and Family claims that all that time you spend parenting just doesn’t matter. But it’s a claim that, despite the enthusiastic and widespread coverage by the media, does not hold water. The research suggests that child outcomes (including behavior problems, emotional problems, and academic performance) are barely connected with the time that parents spend with their children. The researchers examined the time diaries of 1,600 children, looking at parenting time and outcomes when the kids were aged 3 to 11 in 1997, and again in 2002, when they were between 8 and 16. (A time diary is a detailed report of all activities you carry out in a day. ) This research largely reflects the failure of the authors to correctly measure parental input. It just looked at time diaries from two particular days-one a weekday and the other a weekend day. Trying to get a sense of the time you spend parenting from a single day’s diary is a bit like trying to measure your income from a single day. If yesterday was payday, you looked rich, but if it’s not, you would be reported as poor. You get a clearer picture only by looking at your income — or your parenting time—over a more meaningful period. What you did yesterday should not be taken as representative of what you did last year, This is why most high-quality studies of parenting time focus instead on how often parents read to their children, play with them or help their with homework over a period of a month or longer — long enough to represent their different approaches to parenting. As an exhausted parent who doesn’t get enough time to work out, and who hasn’t seen a movie for months, I understand why so many of us might seize on studies suggesting that we should take more time for ourselves. Perhaps we should. But I agree with Ariel Kalil, a developmental psychologist, on the suggestion “that when parents spend high-quality time with their children, their children are more likely to succeed.” 1. By saying in Paragraph 1 “ ... it’s a claim that ... does not bold water”, the author means the claim is not ________. A. reasonable B. surprising C. confusing D. usual 2. The study was conducted to explore the link between ________. A. children’s habits and parents’ influence B. parenting time and child outcomes C. time diaries and child development D. daily activities and children’s problems 3. How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed? A. By giving descriptions. B. By analyzing the cause. C. By making a comparison. D. By offering research findings. 4. What can we learn about the author’s life? A. He goes to bed early every night. B. He has little interest in movies. C. He has little time for himself. D. He leads a very easy life. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 【导语】本文是议论文。一项研究表明，父母陪伴孩子的时间长短与孩子的成长关系不大。作者在本文中对这一研究结果提出了不同的意见。 1. 推理判断题。第一段第一句“A new study published in the Journal of Marriage and Family claims that all that time you spend parenting just doesn't matter”（发表在《婚姻与家庭杂志》上的一项新研究称，你花在养育孩子上的所有时间都无关紧要）而根据下一句“But it’s a claim that, despite the enthusiastic and widespread coverage by the media, does not hold water.”（ 尽管媒体对此进行了热情而广泛的报道，但这种说法却站不住脚）以及下文作者的陈述可知，作者不认同这个观点，认为这项研究结果站不住脚。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The research suggests that child outcomes (including behavior problems, emotional problems, and academic performance) are barely connected with the time that parents spend with their children.”（研究表明，孩子的表现(包括行为问题、情绪问题和学习成绩)与父母与孩子相处的时间几乎没有关系。）可知，该研究表明孩子们的结果与父母和孩子在一起的时间几乎没有联系。根据这个结论可知，这项研究探究了父母陪孩子的时间与孩子成长结果之间的联系。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Trying to get a sense of the time you spend parenting from a single day's diary is a bit like trying to measure your income from a single day. If yesterday was payday, you would look rich, but if it's not, you would be reported as the poor. You get a clearer picture only by looking at your income-or your parenting time-over a more meaningful period.”（试图从一天的日记中了解你花在养育孩子上的时间，有点像试图衡量你一天的收入。如果昨天是发薪日，你会看起来很有钱，但如果不是，你就会被报道为穷人。只有在一段更有意义的时期内观察你的收入或养育子女的时间，你才能更清楚地了解情况）内可知，作者以“某一天的收入来衡量一个人的贫富”打比方，说明了该研究的研究方法是不科学的。因此该段运用了作比较的方法。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“As an exhausted parent who doesn’t get enough time to work out, and who hasn’t seen a movie for months, I understand why so many of us might seize on studies suggesting that we should take more time for ourselves.”（作为一个没有足够时间锻炼身体、几个月没看电影的疲惫不堪的父母，我理解为什么我们中的许多人会抓住研究的建议，认为我们应该花更多的时间给自己。）可知，作者几乎没有自己的时间。故选C项。 【03】（2024·浙江宁波·期中）Artificial intelligence (AD) has become a fashion word in recent years, and its impact on society is growing rapidly. AI refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that would typically require human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision making. This technology is transforming every industry, from healthcare to finance, and is expected to revolutionize the future. One area where AI is making significant strides is healthcare. AI-powered tools can analyze vast amounts of medial data and help doctors make more informed diagnoses and treatment decisions. This technology is particularly useful in fields such as radiology where AI algorithms can analyze medical images to detect abnormalities that may be missed by human eyes. In finance, AI is being used to analyze vast amounts of data to identify patterns and predict market trends. This technology can help traders make more informed decisions and reduce the risks of financial losses. Similarly AI-powered chatbots are being used in customer service, helping to improve response times and provide personalized support. As the use of AI grows, concerns about job displacement have also arisen. Some fear that Al-powered machines and robots will replace human workers, leading to mass unemployment. While this is a possibility, it is also important to note that AI will create new jobs in fields such as data analysis, software development, and robotics. Another major concern about AI is the potential for bias and discrimination. AI algorithms are only as good as the data they are trained on, and if that data contains biases, the algorithms will also be biased. This issue is particularly concerning in fields such as criminal justice, where AI-powered systems are being used to make decisions about sentencing. If these algorithms are biased, they could make existing inequalities continue in the criminal justice system. Despite these concerns, the benefits of AI are numerous and undeniable. However, to ensure that these benefits are accessible to all and to address concerns about bis and discrimination, it is crucial to continue researching and developing moral AI. 1. AI outweighs humans in healthcare because it ______. A. stops financial risks. B. recognizes market tendency. C. ensures precise judgment. D. offers personalized services. 2. What is one of the major concerns of AI? A. A large number of human workers will be laid off. B. Algorithms will be out of date. C. Unfairness may arise in criminal justice system. D. New jobs will be unavailable. 3. How does the writer mainly develop this text? A. By stating facts and citing quotes. B. By presenting influences and listing examples. C. By showing different ideas and giving reasons. D. By comparing research results and offering suggestions. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Artificial Intelligence: Becoming a Fashion Word B. Artificial Intelligence: Improving Human Abilities C. Artificial Intelligence: Bettering Decision Making D. Artificial Intelligence: Revolutionizing the Future 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了人工智能在医疗保健和金融领域的影响以及人们对人工智能的担忧。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“One area where AI is making significant strides is healthcare. AI-powered tools can analyze vast amounts of medical data and help doctors make more informed diagnoses and treatment decisions.”（人工智能正在取得重大进展的一个领域是医疗保健。人工智能驱动的工具可以分析大量的医疗数据，并帮助医生做出更知情的诊断和治疗决定。）可知，在医疗保健方面，人工智能的重要性超过了人类，因为它确保了准确的判断。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Some fear that AI-powered machines and robots will replace human workers, leading to mass unemployment.”（一些人担心，人工智能驱动的机器和机器人将取代人类工人，导致大规模失业。）可知，人们对人工智能的主要担忧之一是大量的人类工人将被解雇。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“This technology is transforming every industry, from healthcare to finance, and is expected to revolutionize the future.”（这项技术正在改变从医疗保健到金融的每个行业，预计将彻底改变未来。）及第二段最后一句“This technology is particularly useful in fields such as radiology, where AI algorithms can analyze medical images to detect abnormalities that may be missed by human eyes.”（该技术在放射学等领域尤其有用，在这些领域，人工智能算法可以分析医学图像，以检测人眼可能错过的异常。）及第三段第一句“In finance, AI is being used to analyze vast amounts of data to identify patterns and predict market trends.”（在金融领域，人工智能正被用于分析大量数据，以识别模式和预测市场趋势。）并结合下文人工智能引发的担忧可知，文章分别论述了人工智能在医疗保健和金融行业的影响及具体应用，可推知，作者通过展示人工智能带来的影响和列举例子来展开文章的。故选B项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a fashion word in recent years, and its impact on society is growing rapidly. AI refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that would typically require human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. This technology is transforming every industry, from healthcare to finance, and is expected to revolutionize the future.”（人工智能近年来已经成为一个时尚词汇，它对社会的影响正在迅速增长。人工智能是指开发计算机系统，可以执行通常需要人类智能的任务，如学习、解决问题和决策。这项技术正在改变从医疗保健到金融的每个行业，预计将彻底改变未来。）并结合后文对人工智能在医疗保健和金融行业的影响以及人们对人工智能的担忧可知，本文主要探讨的是人工智能会引起未来各行业的大变革。故D项“Artificial Intelligence: Revolutionizing the Future”（人工智能：变革未来）符合文章标题。故选D项。 【05】（23-24高三下·全国·阶段练习）Butterflies are the adult stage of an insect belonging to a group called Lepidoptera, which is a Greek word meaning “scaly wings.” The term is appropriate, as the wings of these insects have thousands of overlapping (重叠的) tiny scales. They give the butterfly its super appearance as the scales are set in colorful patterns unique to their species.Butterflies have the typical body of insects: head, thorax, abdomen, and six legs. They also have an exoskeleton (外骨骼) and two feelers. The first stage of butterfly life is the egg. These shells are tiny and can be roundor oval. Females attach eggs to plant stems or leaves, which serve as food when the larvae (幼虫) hatch. At the second stage, the larva/caterpillar hatches. The new animal may have a number of legs. Several pairs will be true legs but some will be false legs. The caterpillar has a greedy appetite and spends most of its life eating. It grows a lot during this phase, only the outer skin doesn’t grow along with the rest of its body. Outgrowing its skin, the caterpillar molts, ridding one exoskeleton and replacing it with another. Caterpillars may go through up to five molts. The third stage is the chrysalis (虫茧). Caterpillars find a spray and make it home. (They may use a wall or other support.) The exoskeleton splits and reveals the chrysalis. The chrysalis shell hangs like a big bag. Inside the shell, the caterpillar breaks down. It rearranges its structure, growing a new body, legs, and wings. Unlike the caterpillar, the chrysalis doesn’t eat. It survives on energy from food eaten during the larval stage. This third step can last from several days to twelve months. The final stage is the birth of the adult butterfly. The chrysalis splits, and the butterfly emerges. Most adult butterflies live a week or two. Some species live as long as 18 months. 1. How does the author feel about Lepidoptera? A. Significant. B. Typical. C. Adequate. D. Specific. 2. What does the underlined word “molts” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Changes the old chrysalis into a new one. B. Replaces the original skin with a new one. C. Controls the false legs with the true ones. D. Replaces the old exoskeleton with a new one. 3. Where does the food of the chrysalis come from? A. The first stage of butterfly life. B. The second stage of butterfly life. C. The third stage of butterfly life. D. The fourth stage of butterfly life. 4. How is the text mainly developed? A. By process. B. By example. C. By comparison. D. By classification. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蝴蝶的特点及其一生的四个变化过程。 1. 推理判断题。根据根据第一段第二句“The term is appropriate, as the wings of these insects have thousands of overlapping (重叠的) tiny scales. (这个词很合适，因为这些昆虫的翅膀有成千上万个重叠的小鳞片)”可知，作者觉得“Lepidoptera”这一术语是恰当的。故选C项。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第三段第五六句“It grows a lot during this phase, only the outer skin doesn’t grow along with the rest of its body. Outgrowing its skin, the caterpillar molts, ridding one exoskeleton and replacing it with another.(在这个阶段，它长得很多，只有外皮不随身体的其他部分一起生长。当毛毛虫的身体长得超出外皮，它会molts，剥掉一套外骨骼，换上另一套)”可知，毛毛虫的外皮不随身体生长，当身体长得超出外皮，它会剥掉外皮，换上新皮肤。由此推知，molts意为“蜕皮”，即“用新的外皮代替旧的外皮”。故选B项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“It survives on energy from food eaten during the larval stage.(它依靠幼虫期所吃食物的能量生存)”及第二段“ The  first stage of butterfly life is the egg. These shells are tiny and can  be roundor oval. Females attach eggs to plant stems or leaves, which  serve as food when the larvae (幼虫) hatch.(蝴蝶生命的第一阶段是产卵。这些壳很小，可以是圆形或椭圆形。雌性将卵附着在植物的茎或叶上，当幼虫孵化时，这些卵就成了食物)”可知，虫茧依靠幼虫期所吃食物的能量生存，幼虫期所吃食物来自蝴蝶一生的第一阶段。故选A项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“The first stage of butterfly life is the egg.(蝴蝶生命的第一阶段是产卵)”及第三段第一句“At the second stage, the larva/caterpillar hatches.(在第二阶段，幼虫/毛虫孵化)”及第四段第一句“The third stage is the chrysalis (虫茧).(第三阶段是虫茧)”及第五段第一句“The final stage is the birth of the adult butterfly.(最后一个阶段是成年蝴蝶的诞生)”可推知，本文主要是通过介绍蝴蝶一生的变化过程来展开叙述的。故选A项。 【05】（2024·湖北·一模）“The water will turn to steam, which will power cars.” “Yeah, that’s a really cool idea.” This conversation is part of a lesson about technologies that reduce planet-heating pollution. It was lectured, in a brand-new way, by Kirstin Milks, a science teacher at Bloomington High School. Climate change is the story of today’s young people’s lives. But Milks says, “Our students need to know not just the stuff we hear about in the news, but also the actual difference we can make in our shared future.” So, she teaches in such an innovative way. Creativity is at the core of her lesson. After students learn the basics of climate engineering, which covers a range of strategies, including reflecting sunlight back into space and removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, they’re asked to “come up with interesting wild ideas” to slow global warming. In the first round of brainstorming, students imagined lots of ways to reflect light back into the atmosphere, like covering the desert in shiny glitter (发光物). Next, students are asked to consider the potential limitations and risks to their ideas. Take glitter in the desert, for example: “How are we going to make sure that the glitter doesn’t get eaten by the rock pocket mouse or snakes?” Milks asks. The student suggests making the glitter large and smooth enough so it won’t be eaten by animals or otherwise harm them. For their final assignment, students present their concepts, including their anticipated benefits and risks. Ben Kravitz, an assistant professor at Indiana University, who carefully watch the whole lesson, says, “The neat thing about seeing all of these ideas come out of the classroom is it’s not I can’t do it. It’s we can do it. Humans, when they get together, can do amazing things. And that’s what gives me hope.” 1. Why does Kirstin Milks lecture in an innovative way? A. She’s bettering ways to power cars. B. She’s inspiring students to address real problems. C. She’s making science classes more accessible. D. She’s helping students stay informed of climate change. 2. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. Procedures of a lesson. B. The core value of creativity. C. Ideas of different students. D. The key concept of solutions. 3. How is the last paragraph mainly developed? A. By defining a concept. B. By quoting an expert. C. By making a comparison. D. By providing an example. 4. Which best describes Milks’ way of teaching? A. It ignores practical application. B. It focuses on theoretical knowledge. C. It encourages creative problem-solving. D. It highlights the risks of climate change. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一位高中科学老师设计的一节课，这节课让学生们有创造性地自己想各种解决气候变暖的办法，这样的课程不仅让学生受益匪浅，也受到了大学教授的高度评价。 1. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段Milks的话语“Our students need to know not just the stuff we hear about in the news, but also the actual difference we can make in our shared future.(我们的学生不仅需要知道我们在新闻中听到的东西，还需要知道我们能为我们共同的未来所做的实际改变)”可知，学生们需要了解的不仅是新闻中的知识，更是在我们共享的未来能真正做出影响的事情。由此推知，Milks希望学生们能够解决真正问题。故选B。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第五段首句“Creativity is at the core of her lesson.(创造力是她课程的核心)”及后文可知，本段介绍了学生在这个课堂的整个学习过程。首先是学生学习气候工程的相关基础知识，然后由学生头脑风暴各种缓解全球变暖问题的方法。第一轮中学生提出观点，然后老师提出这些观点具有哪些局限性和危险，学生再完善观点，最后学生们整理他们的观点。由此可知，第五段主要介绍了Milks老师上课的步骤。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ben Kravitz, an assistant professor at Indiana University, who carefully watch the whole lesson, says, “The neat thing about seeing all of these ideas come out of the classroom is it’s not I can’t do it. It’s we can do it. Humans, when they get together, can do amazing things. And that’s what gives me hope.”(印第安纳大学助理教授本·克拉维茨仔细观看了整节课，他说：“看到所有这些想法从课堂上涌现出来，令人兴奋的是，并不是说我做不到。我们可以做到。当人类聚集在一起时，可以做出惊人的事情。这给了我希望。”)”可推知，最后一段是通过引用一位专家的话展开的。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据第五段“Creativity is at the core of her lesson. After students learn the basics of climate engineering, they’re asked to come up with interesting wild ideas to slow global warming. (创造力是她课程的核心。在学生们学习了气候工程的基础知识之后，他们被要求提出一些有趣的疯狂的想法来减缓全球变暖)”及后文可知，Milks课堂的核心是创造性，学生们首先被要求提出自己的想法，并想出解决问题的办法，然后学生们需要考虑想法背后的局限性和危险，最后学生们需要展示他们的概念，包括自己预设的好的方面和不好的方面。由此推知，Milks在教学中是注重创造性解决问题的。故选C。 【07】（2024高三上·河南·专题练习）Thanks to my K-drama obsession (痴迷), I’ve started learning Korean, I have a new favorite actor Lee Dong Wook, and I’ve become increasingly curious about Korean folktales. I was familiar with the Rabbit in the Moon and the Gumiho, but the Snail Bride and the Imugi were new to me. I also did not know about “The Tale of Shim Cheong”, where the beautiful daughter of a blind man throws herself into the sea and is taken to the underwater palace of the Dragon King. Axie Oh’s deliciously lovely novel The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea is based on this tale, so I was very excited to learn more. In this retelling, the perfect Shim Cheong is intended to be the Sea God’s hundredth bride. She will be his final bride, the locals say, bringing peace to both the angry god and the village that has been stuck by violent storms for a century. But as Oh’s story opens, a young man named Joon has lost his heart to Cheong and is about to risk everything to stop the sacrifice. To save the life of her brother, Joon’s 16-year-old sister Mina jumps into the sea at the last minute and gives herself to the Sea God instead. Throughout the story are woven the timeless topics of faith, hope, responsibility, and loyalty to one’s family. And of course one of my favorite themes in all of literature: fate (命运) versus free will. What is it that determines our fate? If our path is truly one of our own makings, do we trust ourselves enough to make the “right” choices? What if we find our goals changing as we go along? And if you, like me, have fallen hard in love with the legends woven into fantastic dramas like Hotel Del Luna and Tale of the Nine-Tailed, you’ll want to get your hands on The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea immediately and keep it in a special place on your bookshelf, for the express purpose of enjoying Axie Oh’s magical tale again and again! 1. What can we learn about Axie Oh from the text? A. She’s an actress. B. She’s a good diver. C. She’s a great novelist. D. She’s a language expert. 2. Why did Mina throw herself into the sea? A. To search for more sea animals. B. To bring peace to her village. C. To accompany her friends Cheong. D. To rescue her beloved brother Joon. 3. How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3? A. By giving examples. B. By asking questions. C. By making comparisons. D. By listing figures. 4. What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph? A. Write more fantastic dramas. B. Learn more traditional dramas. C. Watch The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea on TV. D. Read the book The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Axie Oh的小说《坠入大海的女孩》。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Axie Oh’s deliciously lovely novel The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea is based on this tale, so I was very excited to learn more.(Axie Oh的可爱小说《坠入大海的女孩》就是以这个故事为基础的，所以我非常兴奋地想知道更多)”可知，Axie Oh 是一名作家，故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To save the life of her brother, Joon’s 16-year-old sister Mina jumps into the sea at the last minute and gives herself to the Sea God instead. (为了救哥哥的命，Joon16岁的妹妹Mina在最后一刻跳海，把自己献给了海神)”可知，Mina跳进大海的目的是为了救哥哥的命，故选D项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“What is it that determines our fate? If our path is truly one of our own making, do we trust ourselves enough to make the “right” choices? What if we find our goals changing as we go along? (到底是什么决定了我们的命运？如果我们的道路真的是我们自己创造的，我们足够相信自己做出“正确”的选择吗？如果我们在前进的过程中，发现自己的目标在不断变化，那该怎么办？)”可推知，第三段主要使用了反问的方式，故选B项。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“you’ll want to get your hands on The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea immediately and keep it in a special place on your bookshelf. (你会想立刻翻开《坠入海底的女孩》这本书，并把它放在书架上一个特别的地方)”可知，作者建议读者看《坠入海底的女孩》这本书，故选D项。 【08】（23-24高三上·辽宁大连·期末）The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has released the first global blueprint to save the world’s forests. The WWF is a global conservation charity. Its Forest Pathways Report details the state of the world’s forests and what governments can do to better protect them. The report focuses on the commitments that were made at COP26 ——a conference on the climate emergency held in the UK in 2021. At COP26, more than 140 countries, covering around 90% of the world’s forest, promised to end deforestation by 2030. However, the WWF says that this target is in danger of being missed. In 2022, 66,000 square kilometres of forest around the world was lost. About two-thirds of this was from tropical forests. This is having an effect on wildlife, with the WWF’s blueprint noting a decline in the populations of species that depend on forests, such as gorillas, hornbills, orangutans and black-headed squirrel monkeys. However, the report also highlights some conservation success stories. For instance, the Khata Conservation Area in Nepal has grown by a size amount to 3,000 football pitches, providing a home for tigers and other species. Meanwhile, in the UK, the Wild Ingleborough project, a partnership between the WWF and the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust, is restoring 15square kilometres of land in the Yorkshire Dales back to its natural wild state, complete with woodlands. Mary Gagen, author of the Forest Pathways Report, says, “There are pockets of success where countries are approaching deforestation, and we know what needs to be done to grow those.” The report includes a list of recommendations for world governments, providing a blueprint to save forests. This includes toughening up rules against deforestation as well as recognizing the rights of indigenous (当地的) peoples who live in the forests. They are the descendants (后代) of those who lived somewhere before another culture arrived and took over.There are also some specific suggestions for the UK Government, such as bringing in environmental standards for food that is bought and sold in the UK, so that none of it contributes to deforestation. 1. What do we know about WWF? A. It may fail to meet its goal. B. It focuses on protecting our earth. C. It offers proposals to governments. D. It approves of COP26’s commitments. 2. How does the author mainly develop the third paragraph? A. By listing some statistics. B. By clarifying a concept. C. By citing some examples. D. By pointing out similarities. 3. What can you learn from the text? A. The blueprint lays down food criteria for countries. B. Concrete tips will help the UK government save forests. C. The blueprint doesn’t acknowledge the rights of natives. D. The native people are succeeding generations of another culture. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Keynote of Forest Pathways Report. B. A Conference on the Climate Emergency. C. The Worldwide Effort for Deforestation. D. Successful Stories of Tackling Deforestation. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是世界自然基金会(WWF)的第一份拯救世界森林的全球蓝图。 1. 推理判断题。根据首段中的“The WWF is a global conservation charity. Its Forest Pathways Report details the state of the world’s forests and what governments can do to better protect them. (世界自然基金会是一个全球性的环保慈善组织。该组织的《森林路径报告》详细介绍了世界森林的状况，以及各国政府可以采取哪些措施来更好地保护森林。)”可知，WWF是一个全球性的环保慈善组织，它在报告中详细介绍世界的森林情况，并对各国可以采取哪些措施来保护森林，由此可知，WWF旨在保护全球的森林。故选B项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However, the report also highlights some conservation success stories.(然而，该报告也强调了一些成功的保护案例。)”可知，该报告强调了一些成功的保护案例，结合下文中的“For instance, the Khata Conservation Area in Nepal has grown by a size amount to 3,000 football pitches, providing a home for tigers and other species….(例如，尼泊尔的卡塔保护区的面积已经扩大到3000个足球场，为老虎和其他物种提供了家园……。)”等列举的尼泊尔等国家和地区具体成功的保护案例可知，作者是通过举例的方式展开的第三段内容。故选C项。 3. 细节理解题。根据尾段中的“The report includes a list of recommendations for world governments, providing a blueprint to save forests.(该报告为世界各国政府提供了一系列建议，为拯救森林提供了蓝图。)”可知，该报告为各国政府提供了一系列的建议来拯救森林，结合下文中的“There are also some specific suggestions for the UK Government, such as bringing in environmental standards for food that is bought and sold in the UK, so that none of it contributes to deforestation.(对英国政府也有一些具体的建议，比如对在英国买卖的食品引入环境标准，这样就不会导致森林砍伐。)”可知，对英国政府也有一些具体的建议，这些具体的建议不会导致森林砍伐，由此可知，具体的建议将帮助英国政府拯救森林。故选B项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据首段中的“The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has released the first global blueprint to save the world’s forests.(世界自然基金会(WWF)发布了第一份拯救世界森林的全球蓝图。)”可知，WWF发布了第一份拯救世界森林的全球蓝图，结合下文中介绍的该蓝图的内容及其作用可知，本文主要介绍的是WWF发布的《森林路径报告》，所以题目“《森林路径报告》的主旨”概括了本文的主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A项。 【09】（23-24高三上·宁夏银川·阶段练习）If asked if space exploration should continue, most Americans would give an immediate response either in favor of continuing or in favor of ending space exploration. A common response would be that space exploration is a waste of money. An average American, uneducated on the subject,might believe that the government is wasting billions of dollars on the research that has no value.Someone strange to the subject might say that a space shuttle goes up once in a while and that is about all that happens. Research is ongoing and continues when there are no shuttles being launched. This also costs the government money. Does the extreme cost of space exploration make sense? One argument is that the government is wasting money on the research not being used on Earth. Actually, the money goes to workers and scientists that support National Acronauics and Space Administration (NASA) missions, and goes to major companies that play important roles in major sectors of the US economy. Boeing is a partner of NASA for aircraft, the same company that makes commercial aircraft for the airline industry. Another benefit to continuing space exploration is the many technologies it provides ides. The artificial heart resulted from experiments on the space shuttle. The handheld Jaws of Life used to save victims from car accidents resulted from the system used to separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets. Insulation (隔热板) in homes that keeps them warm and energy efficient is based on the technology used to insulate the space shuttle. There are direct benefits to the economy provided by NASA missions as well as those technologies. These advances are found in food, building materials, medical procedures and the vehicles we drive. While it can be proven that billions of dollars that could be used elsewhere is being spent on space exploration, the benefits it provides outweigh the terrible aspects. As a matter of fact,the money spent helps to improve the quality of our lives. . 1. How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed? A. By offering analyses. B. By making comparisons. C. By listing figures. D. By presenting research findings. 2. The function of Jaws of Life is to________. A. save people from traffic accidents B. do experiments on the space shuttle C. keep houses warm and energy efficient D. separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets 3. In the author’s opinion, space exploration . A. has changed our life completely B. benefits us in many ways C. costs too much of our time D. has nothing to do with us 4. What would be the best title for the text? A. Benefits of space exploration. B. How to make space exploration affordable? C. Is space exploration worth the cost? D. Missions of the NASA space shuttle program. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。很多美国人对政府投入巨资用于太空研究存在疑问，那么这是否值得呢？本文作者就此问题指出了将钱投入太空研究的诸多好处，如经济航班的使用，还有太空研究所提供的许多技术，以及带来的经济利益等。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“One argument is that the government is wasting money on the research not being used on Earth. Actually, the money goes to workers and scientists that support National Acronauics and Space Administration (NASA) missions, and goes to major companies that play important roles in major sectors of the US economy. Boeing is a partner of NASA for aircraft, the same company that makes commercial aircraft for the airline industry. (一种说法是，政府是在把钱浪费在没有在地球上使用的研究上。实际上，这些钱流向了支持美国国家航空航天局（NASA）任务的工人和科学家，流向了在美国经济主要领域发挥重要作用的大公司。波音公司是美国国家航空航天局的飞机合作伙伴，也是为航空业制造商用飞机的同一家公司)”可推知，第二段采取的主要写作手法是分析说明。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The handheld Jaws of Life used to save victims from car accidents resulted from the system used to separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets. (手持式救生颚用于拯救车祸中的受害者，这些事故是由用于分离航天飞机及其助推器火箭的系统造成的)”可知，救生颚的作用是用来拯救出车祸的人。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Another benefit to continuing space exploration is the many technologies it provides ides.(继续进行太空探索的另一个好处是它提供了许多技术)”以及最后一段“There are direct benefits to the economy provided by NASA missions as well as those technologies. These advances are found in food, building materials, medical procedures and the vehicles we drive. While it can be proven that billions of dollars that could be used elsewhere is being spent on space exploration, the benefits it provides outweigh the terrible aspects. As a matter of fact, the money spent helps to improve the quality of our lives. (美国国家航空航天局的任务以及这些技术为经济提供了直接的好处。这些进步存在于食品、建筑材料、医疗程序和我们驾驶的车辆中。虽然可以证明，数十亿美元本可以用在其他地方的资金正在用于太空探索，但它带来的好处超过了可怕的方面。事实上，花的钱有助于提高我们的生活质量)”可推知，作者认为太空探索有很多好处。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Does the extreme cost of space exploration make sense?(太空探索的巨大成本有意义吗？)”以及文章最后一句“As a matter of fact, the money spent helps to improve the quality of our lives. (事实上，花的钱有助于提高我们的生活质量)”结合本文主要是在讨论用于太空探索的钱花得值不值这一问题。故C项“是否值得花那么多钱太空探索？”概括了文章主旨，适合做标题。故选C。 【10】（23-24高三上·湖南岳阳·阶段练习）While bone soup can provide some beneficial nutrients, experts don’t view the popular soup as vital addition to your wellness. Is drinking bone soup good for you? Made by boiling animal bones in water for a long time with vegetables, spices and sometimes other ingredients, bone soup can be “part of the puzzle, but is not a quick fix,” Laura Ligos, a registered nutritionist and specialist in sports dietetics, says. “The goal is to help to pull out important nutrients from the bones,” she says. “It’s these nutrients that are extracted (萃取) from the bones that have been shown to be helpful with skin, hair, and nail health and there is some truth to that. That being said, we need more than just bone soup to be able to improve overall health.” Benefits of bone soup include providing humans with certain nutrients from the connective tissue and meat of the bones, which in turn can aid in strengthening muscle and bones, explains Jenna Litt, a registered dietitian at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. “Specifically, bone soup is rich in collagen and certain vitamins and minerals, such as iron, fat-soluble vitamins, zinc and other trace minerals. Collagen and fat-soluble vitamins are known to improve hair, skin and nail health,” she adds. Do I need bone soup in my diet? The short answer? No. While almost anyone can try it, Ligos says it’s important to look at the big picture when thinking about nutrition. “There likely isn’t one food item that’s going to be the golden ticket to our health. It’s a combination of things that we do that can support our health over the long run. Bone soup can certainly be a part of that-but not the only part of that. ”For example, if you’ re interested in improving skin, nail and hair health, simply increasing protein intake in your diet has been shown to yield results, Litt says, pointing out that “the use of bone soup is not required.” 1. How does the author mainly develop this text? A. By referring to professionals. B. By analyzing cause and effect. C. By listing a series of relevant facts. D. By following time order. 2. What may the underlined part “the big picture” in paragraph 6 probably refer to? A. A specific choice. B. The whole health situation. C. The beneficial side. D. A particular preference. 3. Which of the following may Litt agree with? A. Not everyone can try bone soup. B. The use of bone soup is quite necessary. C. Bone soup can replace protein. D. Bone soup is not the master key to health. 4. What may be a suitable title for the text? A. Does your diet contain enough proteins? B. Do you consume bone soup properly? C. Does bone soup really benefit health? D. Is bone soup rich in essential nutrients? 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了专家们并不认为骨汤是健康的重要补充的原因。 1. 推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Made by boiling animal bones in water for a long time with vegetables, spices and sometimes other ingredients, bone soup can be “part of the puzzle, but is not a quick fix,” Laura Ligos, a registered nutritionist and specialist in sports dietetics, says. (注册营养师、运动营养学专家劳拉·利戈斯说，骨头汤是将动物骨头与蔬菜、香料、有时还有其他配料一起在水中煮很长时间制成的，可以“解决一部分难题，但不是速成良药”。)”和文章第四段“Benefits of bone soup include providing humans with certain nutrients from the connective tissue and meat of the bones, which in turn can aid in strengthening muscle and bones, explains Jenna Litt, a registered dietitian at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. (纽约莱诺克斯山医院的注册营养师詹娜·利特解释说，骨头汤的好处包括为人类提供结缔组织和骨头中的某些营养物质，这反过来又有助于增强肌肉和骨骼。)”可知，作者通过引用这两个专业人士的观点来展开说明“骨汤是否健康的重要补充”。故选A。 2. 词句猜测题。由文章第六段中“While almost anyone can try it, Ligos says it’s important to look at... (虽然几乎任何人都可以尝试，但Ligos说最重要的是要看……)”和“thinking about nutrition. (考虑营养)”可知，她认为营养问题要全面考虑，要看身体健康的整个状况。A. A specific choice具体的选择；B. The whole health situation整个健康状况；C. The beneficial side有利的一面；D. A particular preference一种特殊的偏好。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“There likely isn’t one food item that’s going to be the golden ticket to our health. (可能没有一种食物会成为我们健康的黄金门票。)”可知，她认为骨汤不是健康的万能钥匙。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“While bone soup can provide some beneficial nutrients, experts don’t view the popular soup as vital addition to your wellness. (虽然骨汤可以提供一些有益的营养，但专家们并不认为这种流行的汤是健康的重要补充。)”可知，文章主要介绍了专家们并不认为骨汤是健康的重要补充的原因。故C选项“骨头汤真的有益健康吗？”符合题意。故选C。 【11】（23-24高三上·安徽·阶段练习）Tall, long-necked giraffes are famous for their spots. The spots are believed to help the animals hide from their enemies. The skin beneath the spots may also help giraffes stay at the right temperature. Just like no two humans have the same fingerprints, each giraffe has its own special pattern of spots. On July 31, a baby giraffe was born at Bright’s Zoo with no spots at all. Instead, its fur is light brown. The giraffe is a reticulated(网状的) giraffe, which is one of the four different kinds of giraffes. It was born perfectly healthy. It just doesn’t have any spots. David Bright, who runs the zoo, told Newsweek, “This is beyond rare. The last time this happened was 1972 in Japan.” Currently, the young giraffe is believed to be the only spotless giraffe in the world. The young giraffe is a girl. Giraffes are born quite large. This one isn’t quite a month old, and she’s already about 1.8 meters tall. Mr. Bright says she’s very sweet, and has a “laid-back” personality. A giraffe’s pattern of spots is created when the animal is still growing inside its mother. That means that this giraffe will never have spots. Mr. Bright says that the new giraffe might not have survived if she’d been born in the wild. Reticulated giraffes are already struggling. In 2018, they were officially listed as “threatened”. Thirty-five years ago, there were 36,000 reticulated giraffes. Now, the number has been cut by more than 50%. Only about 16,000 reticulated giraffes remain. Bright’s Zoo is hoping to use the young spotless giraffe to bring attention to efforts to protect giraffes. Mr. Bright says the zoo hopes to raise money for groups like Save Giraffes Now. So far,the young giraffe hasn’t been given a name. Mr. Bright’s family has come up with four possible choices. Now the z oo is asking people to vote for their favorite name. 1. According to the text, the spots of giraffes_________. A. increase their beauty B. reduce their body temperature C. are quite hard to distinguish D. serve as a way of self-protection 2. What makes the baby giraffe special according to paragraph 2? A. Its size. B. Its appearance. C. Its personality. D. Its species. 3. How is paragraph 5 mainly developed? A. By analyzing causes. B. By listing figures. C. By giving examples. D. By following time order. 4. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A news report. B. A scientific study. C. A guidebook. D. A notice. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。7月31 日，一只极其罕见、没有斑点的纯色长颈鹿在田纳西州布莱兹动物园内出生。专家表示，它可能是目前世界上唯一的一只纯色长颈鹿。上一次的纯色长颈鹿出现在1972年的日本。目前，该动物园正在网上为它征名。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The spots are believed to help the animals hide from their enemies.(人们认为这些斑点可以帮助动物躲避敌人)”可知，长颈鹿身上的斑点可以起到自我保护的作用。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“On July 31, a baby giraffe was born at Bright’s Zoo with no spots at all. Instead, its fur is light brown. The giraffe is a reticulated(网状的) giraffe, which is one of the four different kinds of giraffes. It was born perfectly healthy. It just doesn’t have any spots. David Bright, who runs the zoo, told Newsweek, “This is beyond rare. The last time this happened was 1972 in Japan.” Currently, the young giraffe is believed to be the only spotless giraffe in the world.( 7月31日，一只没有斑点的小长颈鹿在布莱特动物园出生。相反，它的皮毛是浅棕色的。长颈鹿是一种网状长颈鹿，是四种不同种类的长颈鹿之一。它出生时非常健康。它没有任何斑点。动物园的负责人大卫·布莱特告诉《新闻周刊》说：“这种情况非常罕见。上一次发生这种情况是在1972年的日本。”目前，这只小长颈鹿被认为是世界上唯一没有斑点的长颈鹿)”可知，这只小长颈鹿的独特之处在于它的外观。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据第五段“In 2018, they were officially listed as “threatened”. Thirty-five years ago, there were 36,000 reticulated giraffes. Now, the number has been cut by more than 50%. Only about 16,000 reticulated giraffes remain.(2018年，它们被正式列为“受威胁”。35年前，有36000只网纹长颈鹿。现在，这个数字已经减少了50%以上。目前只剩下大约16000只网纹长颈鹿)”可推知，本段主要采用了列数字的写作手法。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了7月31日，一只极其罕见、没有斑点的纯色长颈鹿在田纳西州布莱兹动物园内出生。专家表示，它可能是目前世界上唯一的一只纯色长颈鹿，目前，该动物园正在网上为它征名。由此可以推断，本文最有可能选自新闻报道。故选A。 【12】（24-25高三上·河北保定·期中）The idea that humans are facing a global extinction of experience of nature is popular, but is it true? To give more light on this issue, the scientists measured how the average distance from an individual’s home to the nearest area with low human impact changed in the last decade. The scientists found that humans currently live 9.7 kilometers away from a natural area on average, which is 7% further away than in the year 2000. Europe and East Asia have the highest average distance to natural areas, such as 22 kilometers in Germany and 16 kilometers in France. The scientists also showed that tree cover within cities has declined worldwide since 2000, suggesting that the possibility for the urban population to access green spaces is reducing as well. The scientists also systematically searched for scientific publications assessing a trend in experiences of nature, finding that the number of studies assessing these trends was very low (the number is 18), most of which are about the US, Europe and Japan. This shows that more studies should investigate the claim about the extinction of nature experience, especially in Africa and Latin America. The 18 studies found by the scientists show a decline in visits to nature parks in the US and Japan, a decrease in camping activities in the US, and a decrease in the number of flower species observed by Japanese children. They also find signs of decline in the use of natural elements in novels, songs and cartoons. Despite these examples of decline, other interactions are increasing. Watching wildlife documentaries or interacting with wild animals in videogames is, for example, more common than a few years ago. “New ways of digitally interacting with nature have certainly emerged or increased in recent years,” says Dr Gladys Barragan-Jason. “But several former studies show that these vicarious interactions have a lesser effect on our sense of connection with nature than exposure to nature, such as visiting nature parks.” 1. How does the author mainly develop the text? A. By giving examples and making contrast. B. By listing data and classifying them. C. By giving examples and definitions. D. By analyzing data and making comparison. 2. The scientists showed several signs of decline in . A. the distance between humans and nature B. the connection between humans and wild animals C. reading novels, singing songs and watching cartoons D. tree cover, visits to nature parks and nature presence in the arts 3. What does the underlined word “vicarious” in the last paragraph mean? A. Positive. B. Novel. C. Indirect. D. Complex. 4. What can be a suitable title of the text? A. Global Extinction of Green Spaces. B. Decline in Experiences of Nature. C. The Lost Joy in the Natural World. D. A New Way of Connecting With Nature. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类接触自然的情况减少了。 1. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“The scientists found that humans currently live 9.7 kilometers away from a natural area on average, which is 7% further away than in the year 2000. Europe and East Asia have the highest average distance to natural areas, such as 22 kilometers in Germany and 16 kilometers in France.(科学家们发现，目前人类居住的地方平均距离自然区域9.7公里，比2000年增加了7% 。欧洲和东亚到自然区域的平均距离最远，如德国为22公里，法国为16公里)”可知，此处用了对比的方法，根据第三段中“The 18 studies found by the scientists show a decline in visits to nature parks in the US and Japan, a decrease in camping activities in the US, and a decrease in the number of flower species observed by Japanese children. They also find signs of decline in the use of natural elements in novels, songs and cartoons.(科学家们发现的18项研究表明，在美国和日本，参观自然公园的人数减少了，在美国露营活动减少了，日本儿童观察到的花卉种类也减少了。他们还发现了自然元素在小说、歌曲和卡通中使用减少的迹象)”和最后一段中“Despite these examples of decline, other interactions are increasing. Watching wildlife documentaries or interacting with wild animals in videogames is, for example, more common than a few years ago.(尽管有这些衰退的例子，其他的相互作用正在增加。例如，观看野生动物纪录片或在电子游戏中与野生动物互动比几年前更加普遍)”可知，此处用了举例子的方法，由此可推知，作者是通过举例子和作比较的方法来展开讲述这篇文章的，故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The scientists also showed that tree cover within cities has declined worldwide since 2000, suggesting that the possibility for the urban population to access green spaces is reducing as well.(科学家们还表明，自2000年以来，世界各地城市内的树木覆盖率都在下降，这表明城市人口进入绿地的可能性也在下降)”和第三段中“The 18 studies found by the scientists show a decline in visits to nature parks in the US and Japan, a decrease in camping activities in the US, and a decrease in the number of flower species observed by Japanese children. They also find signs of decline in the use of natural elements in novels, songs and cartoons.(科学家们发现的18项研究表明，在美国和日本，参观自然公园的人数减少了，在美国露营活动减少了，日本儿童观察到的花卉种类也减少了。他们还发现了自然元素在小说、歌曲和卡通中使用减少的迹象)”可知，科学家们发现了一些树木覆盖率下降，参观自然公园的人数减少，以及自然在艺术中的使用也减少了，故选D。 3. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“New ways of digitally interacting with nature have certainly emerged or increased in recent years(近年来，与大自然进行数字互动的新方式无疑已经出现或增加)”和划线单词所在句子“But several former studies show that these vicarious interactions have a lesser effect on our sense of connection with nature than exposure to nature, such as visiting nature parks.(但是一些以前的研究表明，这些vicarious互动对我们与自然的联系的影响要小于接触自然的影响，例如参观自然公园。)”可知，我们参观自然，这是与自然的直接互动，这种互动对自然的影响要大于与大自然进行数字互动的新方式，因为与大自然进行数字互动的新方式是间接接触自然，并不是直接接触自然，由此可知，划线单词vicarious意为“间接的”，与C项“Indirect.(间接的)”意思一致，其他选项A. Positive.积极的；B. Novel.新颖的；D. Complex复杂的。均不符合语境，故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The idea that humans are facing a global extinction of experience of nature is popular, but is it true? To give more light on this issue, the scientists measured how the average distance from an individual’s home to the nearest area with low human impact changed in the last decade.(人类正面临全球体验自然灭绝，这样的观点很流行，但这是真的吗？为了给这个问题提供更多的解释，科学家们测量了在过去的十年中，从一个人的家到最近的受人类影响较小的地区的平均距离是如何变化的)”和第二段中“The scientists found that humans currently live 9.7 kilometers away from a natural area on average, which is 7% further away than in the year 2000.(科学家们发现，目前人类居住的地方平均距离自然区域9.7公里，比2000年增加7%)”，第三段中“The scientists also systematically searched for scientific publications assessing a trend in experiences of nature, finding that the number of studies assessing these trends was very low (the number is 18), most of which are about the US, Europe and Japan. (科学家们还系统地搜索评估自然体验趋势的科学出版物，发现评估这些趋势的研究数量非常少（只有18项），其中大部分是关于美国、欧洲和日本的)”可知，第一段提出人类接触自然的情况越来越少，接着文章用事实证明了这一观点，由此可推知，文章主要介绍了人类接触自然的情况减少了，B项“Decline in Experiences of Nature(体验自然的衰落)”适合做文章标题，故选B。 【13】（24-25高三上·浙江金华·阶段练习）Many people have participated into lots of virtual meetings these years. Some research shows this adjustment might not impact workplace productivity to any great degree. A new study, though, suggests otherwise. In the study, 602 participants were randomly paired and asked to come up with creative uses for a product. They were also randomly selected to work together either in person or virtually. The pairs were then ranked by assessing their total number of ideas, as well as those concepts’ degree of novelty, and asked to submit their best idea. Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers' resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office. “We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate with remote workers,” said lead researcher Melanie Brucks.“Unlike other forms of virtual communication, like phone calls or e-mail, videoconferencing copies the in-person experience quite well, so I was surprised when we found meaningful differences between in-person and video interaction for idea generation.” When random objects were placed in both the virtual and physical rooms, the virtual pairs of participants spent more time looking directly at each other rather than letting their look wander about the room and taking in the entire scene. Eyeing one's whole environment and noticing the random objects were associated with increased idea generation. On platforms, the screen occupies our interactions. Our look wavers less. “Looking away might come across as rude,” said Brucks,“so we have to look at the screen because that is the defined context of the interaction, the same way we wouldn't walk to another room while talking to someone in person.” Like most educators, Brucks has primarily taught virtually in the past three years, and she did notice some benefits of the approach as well. Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often, rid of the anxiety that comes from addressing a large classroom. Brucks found that one solution to improving virtual idea generation might be to simply turn off the camera, for her students felt “freer” and more creative when asked to do so. And this may be sound advice for the workplace. 1. What does the underlined word “stiffen” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Shake. B. Revise. C. Challenge. D. Strengthen. 2. What can we infer from the passage? A. Creative ideas may emerge from casual thoughts. B. Participants should make eye contact in an online meeting. C. The feedback from companies were surprising and valuable. D. Videoconferencing can't compare with in-person communication. 3. How does the author mainly develop the text? A. By giving example. B. By drawing conclusions. C. By raising questions. D. By comparing situations. 4. What can we learn about Brucks’ students? A. They relieved anxiety by speaking up. B. They progressed in focusing attention. C. They took advantage of virtual learning. D. They displayed talent for public speaking. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个新的研究发现：与面对面交流相比，视频会议不利于创新想法的产生。 1. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers' resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office.(在这些小组中，选择视频沟通的那些组合提出的想法要少的多，这表明面对面的互动会产生更多创造性的想法。这一发现可能会坚定雇主敦促或要求员工回到办公室的决心)”可知，面对面交流会产生更多创造性的想法，所以雇主要求员工回到办公室进行面对面互动，此处“stiffen employers’ resolve”表示坚定雇主的决心，可推知，stiffen为动词，意为“使坚定”。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers' resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office.(在这些小组中，选择视频沟通的那些组合提出的想法要少的多，这表明面对面的互动会产生更多创造性的想法。这一发现可能会坚定雇主敦促或要求员工回到办公室的决心)”以及第三段““We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate with remote workers,” said lead researcher Melanie Brucks.“Unlike other forms of virtual communication, like phone calls or e-mail, videoconferencing copies the in-person experience quite well, so I was surprised when we found meaningful differences between in-person and video interaction for idea generation.”(首席研究员梅兰妮·布鲁克斯说：“我们进行这项实验是基于公司的反馈，即远程工作者更难创新。与电话或电子邮件等其他形式的虚拟交流不同，视频会议很好地复制了面对面的体验，所以当我们发现面对面交流和视频互动在创意产生方面有明显的差异时，我很惊讶”)”可知，来自公司的反馈令人惊讶，而且很有价值。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据第二段“In the study, 602 participants were randomly paired and asked to come up with creative uses for a product. They were also randomly selected to work together either in person or virtually.(在研究中，602名参与者被随机配对并要求他们对一个产品提出创造性思想。他们同样随机选择一起工作，不管是面对面的还是虚拟的)”以及“Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas.(在这些小组中，选择视频沟通的那些组合提出的想法要少的多，这表明面对面的互动会产生更多创造性的想法)”以及第四段“When random objects were placed in both the virtual and physical rooms, the virtual pairs of participants spent more time looking directly at each other rather than letting their look wander about the room and taking in the entire scene.(当随机的研究对象被放置在虚拟和实体的房间里，虚拟的参与者花费更多的时间直视对方，而不是让他们的目光在房间里四处游荡，观看整个场景)”可知，作者主要通过对比布局整篇文章。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Like most educators, Brucks has primarily taught virtually in the past three years, and she did notice some benefits of the approach as well. Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often, rid of the anxiety that comes from addressing a large classroom.(像大多数教育工作者一样，布鲁克斯在过去三年主要视频教学，她也注意到这种方法的一些好处。她的学生更有可能轮流发言，她那些比较害羞的学生也更经常发言，消除了在大教室讲话时的焦虑)”可知，在布鲁克斯的视频课堂上，他的学生能充分利用视频课堂学习。故选C。 【14】（24-25高三上·山东济宁·期中）Nature is one of the greatest sources of inspiration for engineers and computer scientists to develop new technological tools. Over the past decade or so, roboticists have developed countless robots inspired by the behavior and biological mechanisms of snakes, fish, birds, insects and countless other animals. Researchers at Beijing Institute of Technology recently designed a new bio-inspired robot that can maintain its balance using tail-like mechanism. The robot is made up of a main body, two wheels and the tail-inspired component, which is controlled by an adaptive controller that allows it to turn in different directions within an area parallel (平行的) to the robot’s wheels. The specific patters that are designed to increase the robot’s stability are calculated using the so-called Lyapunov stability theorem, which is a theoretical construct that describes the stability of dynamic systems. Most existing approaches to balancing vehicles with two wheels work by collecting a vehicle’s body height data using an inertial (惯性的) measurement unit (IMU), which is an electronic device that can measure a specific force acting on a body or object. Conventional approaches process the data collected by an IMU device and then carry out balancing strategies accordingly, typically by adjusting its tilt (倾斜的) angle. While many of these approaches achieved satisfactory results, the design put forward by this team of researchers introduces a practical alternative that does not involve adjusting the robot’s tilt angle. It is one of the few existing techniques that are inspired by the tails of animals, to enhance a wheeled robot’s balance while considering uncertainty in the environment. The researchers evaluated the effectiveness of the tail-like robotic mechanism in a series of tests. Their findings were very promising. as when the robot lost its balance in the tested environment, the artificial “tail” was able to re-balance it within no more than 3.5 seconds. In the future, this tail-like mechanism could be adapted to enhance the stability and balance of other existing or newly developed robots. In addition, the findings gathered as part of this study could inspire other roboticists to design similar tail-like components. 1. What’s special about the new robot? A. It is a bio-inspired robot. B. It is identical to an insect. C. Its “tail”promotes the stability control. D. Its wheels are used to sustain its balance. 2. How are paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly developed? A. By giving a definition. B. By setting an example. C. By analyzing reasons. D. By making comparisons. 3. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to? A. The adaptive controller. B. The bio-inspired robot. C. The tail-like component. D. The surrounding environment. 4. What does the last paragraph focus on? A. Reasons for the research. B. Potentials of the research. C. Complexities of the research. D. Challenges of the research. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京理工大学的研究团队开发的一种新的仿生机器人，该机器人可以用尾巴状的机制来保持平衡。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Researchers at Beijing Institute of Technology recently designed a new bio-inspired robot that can maintain its balance using tail-like mechanism. The robot is made up of a main body, two wheels and the tail-inspired component, which is controlled by an adaptive controller that allows it to turn in different directions within an area parallel (平行的) to the robot’s wheels.(北京理工大学的研究人员最近设计了一种新的仿生机器人，它可以使用尾巴状的机制来保持平衡。该机器人由一个主体、两个轮子和由自适应控制器控制的尾翼组件组成，该控制器允许它在与机器人轮子平行的区域内向不同方向转动。)”可知，该机器人可以使用尾巴状的机机制来保持平衡。故选C。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most existing approaches to balancing vehicles with two wheels work by collecting a vehicle’s body height data using an inertial (惯性的) measurement unit (IMU), which is an electronic device that can measure a specific force acting on a body or object. Conventional approaches process the data collected by an IMU device and then carry out balancing strategies accordingly, typically by adjusting its tilt (倾斜的) angle.(多数现有的平衡两轮车辆的方法是通过使用惯性测量单元(IMU)收集车辆的车身高度数据，这是一种可以测量作用在身体或物体上的特定力的电子设备。传统的方法是处理IMU设备收集的数据，然后相应地执行平衡策略，通常是通过调整其倾斜角度。)”以及第四段“While many of these approaches achieved satisfactory results, the design put forward by this team of researchers introduces a practical alternative that does not involve adjusting the robot’s tilt angle. It is one of the few existing techniques that are inspired by the tails of animals, to enhance a wheeled robot’s balance while considering uncertainty in the environment.(虽然许多方法都取得了令人满意的结果，但该研究小组提出的设计引入了一种实用的替代方案，不需要调整机器人的倾斜角度。这是为数不多的受动物尾巴启发的现有技术之一，可以在考虑环境不确定性的情况下增强轮式机器人的平衡性。)”可知，第三段和第四段将该机器人保持平衡的方法和现有的其他机器人保持平衡的方式进行比较。故选D。 3. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The researchers evaluated the effectiveness of the tail-like robotic mechanism in a series of tests. Their findings were very promising. as when the robot lost its balance in the tested environment(研究人员在一系列测试中评估了这种尾巴状机器人机制的有效性。他们的发现非常有希望。当机器人在测试环境中失去平衡时，)”以及划线单词前的“the artificial “tail” was able to re-balance(人造“尾巴”能够重新平衡……)”可知，划线单词“it”指的是机器人。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the future, this tail-like mechanism could be adapted to enhance the stability and balance of other existing or newly developed robots. In addition, the findings gathered as part of this study could inspire other roboticists to design similar tail-like components.(在未来，这种类似尾巴的机制可以用来增强其他现有或新开发的机器人的稳定性和平衡性。此外，作为这项研究的一部分，收集到的发现可以启发其他机器人专家设计类似的尾巴状部件。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了该研究未来的可能运用。故选B。 【15】（2024·湖南怀化·二模）In recent years, there has been a growing focus on the environment and human health. Though chemical farming is used by over 90 per cent of the world’s farmers, the wide range of damage it has caused to the environment and human health makes it a bad choice. Organic farming, on the other hand, aims to improve food quality, reduce farming’s environmental impact and promote consumers’ health. It is therefore the option that farmers may choose. Organic food is very popular. It is also expensive. Some organic food costs twice as much as non-organic food, but new parents and pet owners are willing to pay up to 200% more for organic food. However, there are people who think it is a waste of money. There is one main difference between organic and non-organic food. Organic farms do not use agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides. In many countries organic foods have special labels. These guarantee that the products are natural. Some people think organic means locally grown. Originally this was true. Over time organic farming became more difficult. The demand for organic food grew larger than the supply. Small companies had to sell out to large companies. There weren’t enough organic ingredients, such as grain and cattle. This made it difficult for many organic companies to stay in business. Today, many large-companies have an organic line of products. Is organic food more nutritious? This is part of the debate. Many farmers and consumers believe it is. They think agricultural chemicals cause health problems, such as cancer. Many health professionals disagree. Few studies prove that organic foods prevent health problems. Health specialists worry more about bacteria, such as E. coli and salmonella. These can get into contact with organic and non-organic food. Doctors recommend washing produce very carefully. Handling meat carefully is important too. Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better. Is tastier food worth the extra money? This is a matter of opinion. Whether it is healthier or not may require more research. However, organic consumers argue it is better to be safe than sorry. 1. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the passage? A. Chemical farming is a wise choice now. B. The environment and human health draw no attention. C. Organic farming has taken the place of Chemical farming. D. The positive effects of organic farming contribute to farmers’ favor. 2. What can we know from the passage? A. Some organic food costs much more than non-organic food. B. Organic farms consume quantities of agricultural chemicals. C. It’s never hard for all organic companies to stay in business. D. Health specialists pay no attention to E. coli and salmonella. 3. How does the author mainly develop Paragraph 5? A. By following time order. B. By providing some examples. C. By showing cause and effect. D. By comparing opinions. 4. What is consumers’ major concern about the organic food? A. Price. B. Safety. C. Freshness. D. Nutrition. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有机农业和有机食品的相关情况。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In recent years, there has been a growing focus on the environment and human health. Though chemical farming is used by over 90 per cent of the world’s farmers, the wide range of damage it has caused to the environment and human health makes it a bad choice. Organic farming, on the other hand, aims to improve food quality, reduce farming’s environmental impact and promote consumers’ health. It is therefore the option that farmers may choose.(近年来，人们越来越关注环境和人类健康。尽管世界上90%以上的农民都在使用化学农业，但它对环境和人类健康造成的广泛损害使其成为一个糟糕的选择。另一方面，有机农业旨在提高食品质量，减少农业对环境的影响，促进消费者的健康。因此，这是农民可能选择的选项)”可知，作者在文章开头描述了有机农业的积极影响使得农民们更倾向于选择有机农业这一现象。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Organic food is very popular. It is also expensive. Some organic food costs twice as much as non-organic food (有机食品很受欢迎。它也很贵。一些有机食品的价格是非有机食品的两倍)”可知，一些有机食品比非有机食品贵得多。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Is organic food more nutritious? This is part of the debate. Many farmers and consumers believe it is. They think agricultural chemicals cause health problems, such as cancer. Many health professionals disagree. Few studies prove that organic foods prevent health problems. Health specialists worry more about bacteria, such as E. coli and salmonella. These can get into contact with organic and non-organic food.(有机食品更有营养吗?这是辩论的一部分。许多农民和消费者都认为是这样。他们认为农用化学品会导致健康问题，比如癌症。许多健康专家不同意这种说法。很少有研究证明有机食品能预防健康问题。健康专家更担心大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等细菌。它们会接触到有机和非有机食品)”可知，第五段中对比了农民与消费者和健康专家的不同观点。由此推知，作者通过比较观点的方式展开本段。故选D项。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, organic consumers argue it is better to be safe than sorry.(然而，有机食品的消费者认为安全总比后悔好)”可知，消费者主要关心的还是有机食品的安全。故选B项。 试卷第26页，共26页 25 / 26 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$