第08辑二轮专题 2025届阅读微技能之说明文选标题（提分干货+高考真题+名校模拟）-2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练

· 第08辑二轮专题 2025届阅读微技能之说明文选标题 · （提分干货+高考真题+名校模拟）原卷版 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，提供高效提分干货，帮你举一反三提分 说明文标题错误三大特征 1. 范围太宽泛：选项太过于宽泛，与文章内容相距甚远。 2. 范围太具体：选项死扣文章某一细节不适合用于标题。 3. 范围太偏颇：选项内容过于偏颇，明显偏离文章主旨。 说明文选标题三大方法 1.主题段法 标题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语即是文章的标题。 2. 主题句法 解题的关键要抓住每段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。 2. 关键词法 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即关键词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 说明文选标题三大策略 1.正面肯定法 在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。 2.反面否定法 撇开原文，拿各个备选项去尝试用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除荒谬者。 3.排除干扰法 研究干扰项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、新奇性、概括性等。文章的标题应该新颖奇特，易激发读者的好奇心，吸引读者注意力。 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分技巧和应试思维！ (2024全国甲卷第27题) Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音)that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 24. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A. It's a survival skill. B. It's taught by mother cats. C. It's hard to interpret. D. It's getting louder with age. 25. How does a pet cat assess different situations? A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects. C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats. 26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better. 27. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ 【01】（24-25高三上·重庆·期中）Wrapping paper — that thing that makes our holiday gifts look so festive — has a landfill problem. If it’s shiny, metallic, or glitter-encrusted, it’s not recyclable. And even recycled paper isn’t guaranteed to actually get recycled. But there’s an alternative, eco-friendlier option that some are turning to this holiday season: the Japanese art of wrapping packages in cloth, known as furoshiki. Furoshiki refers to both the square cloth itself and the wrapping technique. The practice dates back hundreds of years, when people started using cloth bundles to carry items to and from public baths. Eventually, it evolved into a wrapping art form. People don’t just wrap presents with the cloth, but an endless number of small items like boxes, fruit, and books. When it was used to wrap gifts, Tsukada Simonian says traditionally, the furoshiki cloth would be returned to the gift giver to be used again and again. The tradition went out of fashion as paper and plastic substitutes took off in the post World War I period. It’s something “you would see at grandma’s house”, says Tomoko Dyen, who teaches furoshiki wrapping technique in Los Angeles. But recently, she says, it’s been regaining popularity. As more tourists have learned about it while visiting Japan, Dyen says it’s encouraged the next generation to “learn more about ourselves”. Furoshiki doesn’t necessarily require specific furoshiki cloth, says van der Steur. She stocks the museum store with imported Japanese furoshiki cloth including patterns with flowers, cats, and otters, but she says any piece of fabric, even old clothes, can work. Some of the learners showed up specifically hoping to learn furoshiki for holiday wrapping. But some say they walked away hoping to use it for much more. Kristan Delatori attended with the plan to wrap her holiday gifts this way — but now she says she’ ll bring furoshiki with her when she runs quick errands. “Being able to put a couple of these into my bag and always having something when I go to the grocery store or go shopping,” says Delatori. “I’m really excited.” 1．What can we learn about furoshiki from the first two paragraphs? A．It looks more festive than common wrapping paper. B．It was sent as a part of the gift to the receivers for use. C．It refers to the square cloth only used to wrap presents. D．It was first used to carry items when people took baths. 2．What makes the revival of furoshiki in recent years? A．The effort of the last generation. B．The attention from more visitors. C．The unique charm of furoshiki itself. D．The support of the local government. 3．Which word best describes Kristan Delatori’s attitude to furoshiki? A．Skeptical. B．Conservative. C．Favorable. D．Unclear. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．The Square Cloth: The Very Thing Bearing the Lost Memory B．Wrapping Paper: A Recyclable Material Regaining Popularity C．Furoshiki: An Eco-Friendier Choice for Holiday Wrapping D．Japan: An Asian Nation with Various Traditional Art Forms 【02】（24-25高三上·福建宁德·期中）Adults who continuously played organized sports through their youth have fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression than those who never played or those who dropped out, a new study finds. “And those who dropped out of sports had poorer mental health than those who never played at all. But many more people drop out of youth sports than play continuously until they are 18.” said Chris Knoester, professor of sociology at The Ohio State University. “If you play and stick with sports, it’s a positive for your mental health, but if you play and drop out it seems to be negative — and most kids drop out,” Knoester said. The study showed that most people dropped out of sports because they weren’t having fun or felt they weren’t good enough. “That suggests ways youth sports can be improved to help kids,” said study lead author Laura Upenieks. “Our findings about why kids drop out of organized sports suggest that the current environment is less than ideal for everyone, and that the barriers to participation need to be given greater attention,” Upenieks said. “It is easy to see why sports can be good for those who are able to continue with it to adulthood,” Upenieks said. “The longer that youth are exposed to a positive and encouraging sporting environment, the more likely they are to develop habits that are conducive to longterm mental well-being, such as a commitment to regular exercise and collaborating with others as part of a team. The fact that so many kids quit shows that organized sports often don’t provide a positive environment. But there are steps adults can take to improve that environment. For one, sports should be safe for kids. The researchers said the fact that 8% said they were abused by coaches is particularly alarming. “And the finding that nearly half of kids quit because they weren’t having fun and about a third dropped out because they felt they weren’t good enough should also be a wake-up call,” Knoester said. “We need to improve youth sports so that it supports positive experiences for everyone and makes it more enjoyable,” he said. 1．What can we say about dropping out of sports? A．It has no impact on physical health. B．It’s beneficial to mental health. C．It keeps players playing into adulthood. D．It is worse for mental health than never playing. 2．What is one of the main reasons for kids dropping out of sports? A．They don’t get joy from exercise. B．They prefer individual activities. C．They are not physically fit enough. D．They are not academically related. 3．What is key to improving the youth sports environment? A．Reducing the number of coaches. B．Adding fun to youth sports. C．Changing the rules of sports. D．Providing more training partners. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Reason Why Kids Quit Sports B．The Benefits and Drawbacks of Playing Youth Sports C．The Impact of Youth Sports on Long-Term Mental Health D．Challenges and Solutions for Improving Youth Sports Programs 【03】（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Have you ever walked into a room and forgotten why you went in there, or been about to speak but suddenly realized you had no idea what you were going to say? The human brain normally balances countless thoughts and actions, but sometimes, it seems to short-circuit. To figure out why, we have to look into what really happens when we forget what we were just thinking about. It’s important to know two different types of memory: long-term and working memory. Long-term memories are a broad category of memories that involve knowledge and experiences stored in the brain for extended periods. On the other hand, thoughts in working memory, whose certain characteristics are likely to explain why we forget, flash through the mind for only seconds at a time. First, working memory has very limited capacity. People can hold only about four to seven “chunks” of information—such as letters or phrases—in their working memory at a time. Rather than being aware of all of these “chunks” simultaneously (同时地), the brain bounces around from one idea to another, making it more likely that one gets neglected. Second, the brain quickly erases unimportant things from working memory to make room for new information. So unless those short-term memories are transferred into long-term memories, they’re soon gone from conscious thought. Because the brain isn’t actually capable of multitasking, it has to “juggle” different thoughts as our working memory rushes around to different ideas, which requires conscious effort and attention. If attention becomes focused on only one of those thoughts or is diverted somewhere new, the brain loses track of the earlier thoughts. And alcohol and aging may worsen the case. To stop forgetting things, it’s advised against multitasking. When you think you’re multitasking, you’re juggling, which makes forgetting more likely. Moreover, recreating the context can help, which means going back into the room you were before. Those context clues might give the brain the extra boost it needs to reach back a few seconds in working memory and regain the thought. 1．How did the author introduce the topic? A．By making contrasts. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By giving background information. 2．What do we know about memory? A．Memory can’t be restored if it disappears. B．Practicıng multitasking does good to working memory. C．Working memory cannot be transferred into long-term memory. D．People’s working memory capability varies with different life stages. 3．What does the underlined word “juggle” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Balance. B．Present. C．Master. D．Attain. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Two types of memory B．Improving our memory C．What did I come in for? D．How does our memory work? 【04】（24-25高三上·河南安阳·期中）A new study published in the journal Science Advances finds that AI enhances creativity by boosting the novelty of story ideas as well as the “usefulness” of stories - their ability to engage the target audience and potential for publication. It finds that AI “professionalizes” stories, making them more enjoyable, more likely to have plot twists, better written and less boring. The researchers assigned the 300 study participants to three groups: one group was allowed no AI help, a second group could use ChatGPT to provide a single three-sentence starting idea, and writers in the third group could choose from up to five AI-generated ideas for their inspiration. They then organized 600 people to judge how good the stories were, assessing them for novelty - whether the stories did something new or unexpected - and “usefulness” - how appropriate they were for the target audience, and whether the ideas could be developed and potentially published. They found that writers with the most access to AI experienced the greatest gains to their creativity, their stories scoring 9% higher for novelty compared with stories written without AI. Writers who used up to five AI-generated ideas also scored higher for emotional characteristics, producing stories that were better written, more enjoyable, less boring and funnier. The researchers evaluated the writers’ creativity using a Divergent Association Task (DAT) and found that more creative writers - those with the highest DAT scores - benefited least from generative AI ideas. Conversely, less creative writers saw a greater increase in creativity. The researchers also calculated how similar the stories were to each other. They found a 10.7% increase in similarity between writers whose stories used one generative AI-idea, compared with the group that didn’t use AI. Anil Doshi, Assistant Professor at the UCL School of Management said, “While these results point to an increase in individual creativity, there is a risk of losing collective novelty. If the publishing industry were to embrace more generative AI-inspired stories, our findings suggest that the stories would become less unique and more similar to each other.” 1．Which aspect of the AI-assisted stories were assessed in the study? A．Universality and availability. B．Originality and practicality. C．Creativity and specialization. D．Similarity and integrity. 2．What might the underlined word “Conversely” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Sure enough. B．In conclusion. C．On the contrary. D．As a result. 3．What is Anil Doshi’s attitude towards AI-inspired stories? A．Objective. B．Indifferent. C．Favorable. D．Ambiguous. 4．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．AI Is Being Used to Create Novel Stories B．AI Is Becoming a Threat to Human Writers C．AI Can Help to Improve People’s Writing Skills D．AI Can Boost the Creativity of Stories but Pays a Price 【05】（24-25高三上·重庆·期中）The benefits of free time, researchers say, depend upon our beliefs about it. A new study reveals that contentment relies, at least in part, on believing that leisure activities are anything but a waste of time. According to the study, viewing leisure as wasteful prevents us from enjoying our leisure pursuits — especially pure pleasure activities such as hanging out with friends, watching TV and just relaxing. More goal-driven leisure activities, like exercise and meditation (冥想) tend to make people feel productive so they are still enjoyed when people see value in these leisure activities. In one part of the study, the researchers asked 302 people to recall what they did for Halloween, how much they enjoyed the holiday and their attitudes towards leisure in general. Those who believed leisure was wasteful enjoyed their Halloween less, especially when they engaged in activities like going to a party compared to other activities that might be fun but might also fulfil responsibilities, like trick-or-treating with their kids. In another part of the study, participants read news articles meant to convince the reader that leisure was wasteful and unproductive or leisure was important and productive. Next, they watched the “Best Funny Cat Videos 2019” and were asked how much they enjoyed it. Those who believed that leisure was wasteful or unproductive didn’t enjoy watching the videos as much as those who thought leisure time was productive and important. The results show that those who do not enjoy pleasure-driven activities are more depressed, anxious and stressed. The findings suggest happiness may be driven not only by whether people engage in leisure, but whether they find value in what they are doing. “Attitudes are no easy to change. Therefore, it may be impossible to shift beliefs about leisure overnight,” said the lead author Gabriela Tonietto. “For the people who refer to leisure as wasteful, it helps to focus on the productive ways that individual leisure activities can serve their long-term goals.” 1．Why did some participants enjoy their Halloween less? A．They had a strong passion for parties. B．They considered trick-or-treating boring. C．They preferred hanging out with friends. D．They attached great value to responsibilities. 2．What is the purpose of asking the participants to read the news articles? A．To shape their attitudes to leisure. B．To assess their reading skills. C．To introduce them to cat videos. D．To examine their productivity. 3．What is Tonietto’s suggestion on leisure? A．Seeking its potential benefits. B．Diversifying the forms of leisure. C．Reducing engagement in leisure. D．Changing our attitudes to leisure quickly. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Pursuing Leisure Tops the List. B．Enjoying Leisure Boosts Productivity. C．Designing Leisure Activities Brings Contentment. D．Considering Leisure Wasteful Reduces Happiness. 【06】（24-25高三上·河北保定·期中）For the precise timekeeper, only an atomic clock will do. While the best quartz (石英) timepieces will lose a millisecond every six weeks, an atomic clock might not lose a thousandth of one in a decade. Such devices are accurate enough to drive everything from GPS and the internet to stock-market trading. However, researchers are now working on a successor: the nuclear clock. Ekkehard Peik, a pioneer in the field, says such a clock could be 1,000 times more accurate than today’s atomic clocks. Atomic clocks work by exciting the electrons around an atom’s nucleus (原子核) with incoming radiation of a specific frequency, with each wave cycle corresponding to a “tick.” Nuclear clocks would function similarly but would use the transitions of neutrons and protons (中子和质子) inside the nucleus. The most promising candidate nucleus is thorium-229, which uniquely, has a nuclear transition that lasers (激光) should be able to activate. The exact frequency at which this occurs, however, has long been unknown. Researchers Chuankun Zhang and Jun Ye, from the University of Colorado in Boulder, bypassed this challenge by developing a custom-built laser capable of generating a range of frequencies around the expected transition point. When they fired it at the target, one particular light stream matched the nuclear transition frequency. Although the system needs optimization, Zhang says, “It’s the first demonstration that all the components of a nuclear clock are here.” Because atomic clocks are already more than accurate enough for most practical uses, scientists are not aiming to replace them. Instead, they are more interested in the advantages of having two independent methods for measuring time, as beyond precise timekeeping, nuclear clocks could have broader applications in fundamental physics. One potential use is in testing Einstein’s theory of relativity, which suggests, among other things, that clocks should tick more slowly in stronger gravitational fields. If nuclear clocks show any differences in their response compared to atomic clocks under such conditions, it could motivate a rethinking of these well-established theories. 1．What do we know about atomic clocks? A．They are less accurate than quartz timepieces. B．They are accurate enough for nearly all practical uses today. C．The difference between atomic and quartz clocks is insignificant. D．They are not reliable enough for technologies like GPS or stock trading. 2．What breakthrough did Chuankun Zhang and Jun Ye achieve? A．They predicted the exact frequency of the thorium-229 nu clear transition. B．They discovered a new type of nuclear transition in thorium-229. C．They built a laser to target frequencies near the transition point. D．They used a microwave-based laser to measure the thorium-229 transition. 3．The text suggests that Einstein’s theories of relativity might need revision if ______. A．atomic clocks stop working accurately in strong gravity B．nuclear clocks prove to be more accurate than atomic clocks C．scientists discover a new force beyond the nuclear and electromagnetic forces D．nuclear clocks tick differently in strong gravity compared to atomic clocks 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．The End of Atomic Time: A New Clock Redefining Precision B．The New Age of Timekeeping: From Quartz to Atomic Clocks C．The Nuclear Revolution: A Clock That Changed Our Understanding of Time D．The Test of Time: A New Clock Challenging the Laws of Physics 【07】（24-25高三上·湖北·阶段练习）Auntie Ngeam is one of a third generation of indigo craftswomen (靛蓝工匠) in a family from the Phuan, a people known for their handmade textiles (纺织品). A large Phuan community settled in Phrae in northern Thailand in the late 19th century and brought their indigo craftsmanship with them. Auntie Ngeam took over a small business from her parents more than 30 years ago and has played a key role in updating Thailand’s indigo clothing over the past decade. “Every shop on the street had plain blue shirts, so I started thinking about how I could stand out,” she says. “I tried using indigo to tie-dye (扎染) modern clothes.” Now in Thai markets across the country, the indigo tie-dyed clothes have become a phenomenon. Auntie Ngeam also works together with the local government to promote the local indigo industry via tie-dye workshops among tourists. For the past six years, the town has hosted the Phrae Craft festival, showing small, independent indigo craftsmen’s work. The festival is run by Nanthanit Boyd, a former student of Auntie Ngeam’s. Today, Boyd is pushing the boundaries of indigo textile fashion, bringing designs to the world stage. With the increasing acceptance of indigo craftsmanship among young people, intergenerational indigo businesses have become ubiquitous in Phrae. Banmatjai Indigo Workshop is one of such growing businesses, which was opened by the women of the Suchanok family 10 years ago, when the eldest daughter Chidchanok Suchanok returned home after graduation. “I wondered why my generation wasn’t appreciating indigo,” Chidchanok says. “It’s our heritage and a local resource.” Phrae has been reborn as a craft center, bringing more jobs to the locals and attracting both domestic and international travelers. “The creativity is already here; all we need to do is make it shine brighter so people can see it,” says Boyd. 1．What can we learn about Auntie Ngeam? A．She enjoys touring all over the country. B．She is the founder of her family business. C．She pioneers the indigo tie-dyed clothes. D．She is in charge of the Phrae Craft festival. 2．What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Private. B．Widespread. C．Challenging. D．Conservative. 3．What can be inferred about the indigo industry from Boyd’s words? A．It unites the local communities. B．It guarantees the locals a richer life. C．It deserves to be further promoted. D．It appeals to the younger generation. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Rapid Development of Phrae’s Tourism B．Exploration of the History of Indigo Industry C．Revolutionary Progress: the Tomorrow of Phrae D．From Tradition to Trend: Phrae’s Indigo Industry 【08】（24-25高三上·江苏无锡·期中）Experiments on rats show that mixing energy drinks with alcohol can cause long-term problems with cognitive (认知的) function, adding to concerns over young adults drinking habits. The study was carried out by a team from the University of Cagliari, and groups of male adolescent rats being given alcohol, energy drinks, or a mixture of both. Various standard experiments were then used to assess cognitive function - including brain scans and behavioral tests - up to 53 days after drinking. These tests revealed that the animals consuming the mixed drinks showed enduring changes in their ability to learn and remember and changes in the hippocampus (海马体) - a part of the brain responsible for learning and memory. Alcohol and energy drinks are popular with young people for various reasons, and the effects from this study are that these habits could cause some long-term harm. In particular, it seems that hippocampus plasticity could be affected, damaging the brain’s ability to adapt and change in response to new information and demands. While the rats on alcohol and energy drinks initially showed a boost in certain brain functions. these benefits didn’t last, and over time and into adulthood there was a decline in brain capability. The results show that alcohol mixed with energy drinks consumption during the preadoleseent period produces adaptive hippocampal changes at the electrophysiological and molecular levels. associated with changes in behavior, which are already detectable during adolescence and persist in adulthood. These results still need to be confirmed in human studies, and there’re likely differences between sexes due to hormone interactions that weren’t explored in this study. But health concerns over energy drinks are justified. Alcohol has plenty of effects in health, and it’s well-known that mixing the two together in any kind of significant way isn’t the best idea. Overall, the analysis of the whole set of data obtained suggests that alcohol mixed with energy drinks, during adolescence, may have results that are not necessarily the sum of those observed with alcohol or energy drinks alone and permanently affect hippocampal plasticity. 1．How was the study carried out? A．By observing rats’ various behaviors on the spot. B．By comparing rats’ reactions on different occasions. C．By collecting previous data of rats of different kinds D．By measuring the cognitive influences on the tested rats. 2．What does the underlined word “enduring” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Minor. B．Instant. C．Lasting. D．Unnoticeable 3．What can we learn from the study? A．Mixed drinks initially do great damage to rats’ brains. B．Great sex differences have been detected in rats so far. C．Human subjects have not been involved in the process D．The hippocampal and behavioral changes don’t last long. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Adolescent Rats Experimented, Great Concerns Aroused B．More Energy Drinks Consumed, More Health Effects Noted C．Healthy Diet Habits Adopted, Behavioral Patterns Improved D．Energy Drinks Mixed with Alcohol, Brain Functions Affected 【09】（24-25高三上·江西·阶段练习）Even though artificial intelligence (AI) can pass the bar exam, top medical tests and read bedtime stories with emotion, it will never match the wonders of the human mind without first mastering the art of sarcasm (讽刺). But it seems that art will be next on the list of technology's astonishing capabilities. Researchers in the Netherlands have built an AI-driven sarcasm detector. “We are able to recognize sarcasm in a reliable way, and we’re eager to develop that further,” said Matt Coler at the University of Groningen’s speech technology lab. “We want to see how far we can push it.” There is more to the project than teaching algorithms (算法) that sometimes even the most emotional comments cannot be taken literally and must, instead, be interpreted as the exact opposite. Sarcasm affects our communication more than we might appreciate, so understanding it is crucial if humans and machines are to communicate smoothly. “When you start studying sarcasm, you become aware of the extent to which we use it as part of our normal mode of communication,” Coler said. “But we have to speak to our devices in a very literal way because we are talking to a robot. It doesn’t have to be this way.” In work presented at a joint meeting in Ottawa, Xiyuan Gao, a PhD student at the lab, described how the group trained a neural (神经的) network on text, audio, and emotional content of video scenes from US situation comedies. The database was created by researchers in the US and Singapore, who explained sentences from the TV shows with sarcasm labels to build their own detector. After training on the text, audio, and emotional content from various scenes, AI demonstrated an impressive ability to detect sarcasm. The results showed that AI could identify sarcastic remarks in unlabelled exchanges from situation comedies nearly 75% of the time, highlighting significant progress in bridging the communication gap between humans and machines. 1．What is Coler’s attitude to the AI-driven sarcasm detector? A．Modest. B．Optimistic. C．Critical. D．Indifferent. 2．Why is it necessary for AI to understand sarcasm? A．To control humans' emotions. B．To make humans more understanding. C．To facilitate human-machine interaction. D．To develop the AI-driven sarcasm detector. 3．How does AI get trained in sarcasm? A．By sending text. B．By teaching algorithms. C．By using some kind of drama. D．By watching some talent shows. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The AI Database: Recording Art B．A New Frontier of AI: Detecting Sarcasm C．Reliable Ways: Mastering the Art of Sarcasm D．AI: Highlighting the Significant Progress of Humans 【10】（24-25高三上·内蒙古赤峰·阶段练习）Wrapping paper — that thing that makes our holiday gifts look so festive — has a landfill problem. If it’s shiny, metallic, or glitter-encrusted (闪闪发光的), it’s not recyclable. And even recycled paper isn’t guaranteed to actually get recycled. But there’s an alternative, eco-friendlier option that some are turning to this holiday season: the Japanese art of wrapping packages in cloth, known as furoshiki. Furoshiki refers to both the square cloth itself and the wrapping technique. The practice dates back hundreds of years, when people started using cloth bundles to carry items to and from public baths. Eventually, it evolved into a wrapping art form. People don’t just wrap presents with the cloth, but an endless number of small items like boxes, fruit, and books. When it was used to wrap gifts, Tsukada Simonian says traditionally, the furoshiki cloth would be returned to the gift giver to be used again and again. The tradition went out of fashion as paper and plastic substitutes took off in the post World War II period. It’s something “you would see at grandma’s house”, says Tomoko Dyen, who teaches furoshiki wrapping technique in Los Angeles. But recently, she says, it’s been regaining popularity. As more tourists have learned about it while visiting Japan, Dye n says it’s encouraged the next generation to “learn more about ourselves”. Furoshiki doesn’t necessarily require specific furoshiki cloth, says Vander Steur. She stocks the museum store with imported Japanese furoshiki cloth including patterns with flowers, cats, and otters, but she says any piece of fabric, even old clothes, can work. Some of the learners showed up specifically hoping to learn furoshiki for holiday wrapping. But some say they walked away hoping to use it for much more. Kristan Delatori attended with the plan to wrap her holiday gifts this way — but now she says she’ll bring furoshiki with her when she runs quick errands (差事). “Being able to put a couple of these into my bag and always having something when I go to the grocery store or go shopping,” says Delatori. “I’m really excited.” 1．What can we learn about furoshiki from the first two paragraphs? A．It was initially used to carry items when people took baths. B．It would be sent as a part of the gift to the receivers for use. C．It looks more festive than wrapping paper and metallic wrappers. D．It refers to the square cloth itself that is only used to wrap presents. 2．What contributes to the revival of furoshiki in recent years? A．The effort of the last generation. B．The attention from more visitors. C．The unique charm of furoshiki itself. D．The support of the local government. 3．Which word best describes Kristan Delatori’s attitude to furoshiki? A．Conservative. B．Unclear. C．Skeptical. D．Favorable. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Japan: A Nation with Various Traditional Art Forms B．Furoshiki: The Very Thing Bearing the Lost Memory C．Furoshiki: An Eco-Friendlier Choice for Holiday Wrapping D．Wrapping Paper: A Recyclable Material Gaining Popularity 【11】（24-25高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习）A strange sound called “biotwang” was first heard bouncing around the Mariana Trench 10 years ago, and scientists have finally figured out where it comes from. Recorded by microphones deep in the ocean, the unexplained sound — a low, loud moan (哼声) followed by a mechanical echo, like a frog burping (打嗝) in space — thundered through a computer speaker about a decade ago. Confused researchers called it the “biotwang”. “You’ve got this low-frequency portion, like a moan,” says Lauren Harrell, a data scientist at Google Research’s AI for Social Good, adding her own impression of a hearty sigh. “Then you have the higher-frequency component that sounds, to me, like an outer planet spacecraft — the ‘bip boo, bip boo’ sound.” Confirming which marine animal makes a strange noise isn’t easy, though: it requires a person on a boat to see and identify the source at exactly the same time the sound is heard. “It takes a lot of time, a lot of effort and a fair amount of luck,” Allen says. An international team headed by Allen, marine biologist from Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, and Harrell conducted a collaborative research in 2020. While surveying whales off the Mariana Islands, Allen and other researchers saw a mysterious species called the Bryde’s whale 10 times. These whales are spread out far across the huge open ocean, so it’s hard for scientists to observe or study them. On nine of the occasions that Bryde’s whales turned up, the researchers also heard the biotwang. “Once, it’s a coincidence,” Allen says. “Twice is happenstance. Nine times, it’s definitely a Bryde’s whale.” After identifying the source, they reviewed years of audio data from underwater hydrophones to find out where this specific whale sound had previously been heard. “Once scientists know where and when these whales travel,” Harrell says, “AI models could connect that data to climate and environmental factors and thus support protection efforts.” The technology isn’t perfect, though. “These algorithms (算法) can only search for a frequency they know,” says Harrell. “The Bryde’s whale vocalizations change over time and between populations. But because the tools are open-source, other scientists can use them to discover more about whale language. We seem to be so disconnected from, or simply have no access to this amazing underwater world of sound,” he says. “I think it’s about time that we change that.” 1．Why is it difficult to identify the source of biotwang? A．Because years of audio data need to be analyzed. B．Because enough time and a right moment are a must. C．Because researchers lack a knowledge of marine animals. D．Because biotwang alternates with low and high frequency 2．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Who solved the biotwang mystery. B．When the Bryde’s whale usually appeared. C．How the source of biotwang was determined. D．Why the Bryde’s whale was difficult to observe. 3．What is Harrell’s attitude toward their team’s discovery? A．Ambiguous. B．Objective. C．Unconcerned. D．Disapproving. 4．What can be the suitable title for the passage? A．Mystery of Biotwang Finally Solved B．AI Algorithms Applied in Biotwang Research C．Singer of the Deep Ocean — Bryde’s Whale D．Protection of the Deep Ocean — A Long Way to Go 【12】（24-25高三上·湖北·期中）In a recent study examining the symbiotic relationship between honey hunters and the greater honeyguide in Africa, it was found that this ancient partnership is on the brink of extinction. Searching for wild honey is a tricky business. Bee nests are hard to find, and their inhabitants move in a large group and sting to defend themselves. But in a rare and millennia-old collaboration, honey hunters in Africa get help finding bees’ nests from a small brown bird called the greater honeyguide. The honeyguide leads the honey hunter to a nest, typically hidden in the branches or hollows of a tree, and then the honey hunter uses smoke or tools to control the bees and scoop out the honey. As a reward, the bird gets the beeswax. Collaborations like these between humans and wild animals are extremely rare, with only a few examples documented around the world, And those we know of are fast disappearing. Once widespread across the continent, honey hunting with honeyguides is now practiced by just a few ethnic groups in East Africa, particularly in rural areas of Mozambique, Tanzania, and Kenya. But the relationship is endangered now. When it comes to honeyguides and honey hunters, economics, land use changes, population growth, and other factors also are factors. The rise of beekeeping and cheap, easily available alternative sweeteners have caused demand for wild honey to drop, according to Wood, the researcher. “And wild areas that can support bee colonies are increasingly put off limits to the local communities, so people are getting shut out from their traditional foraging areas,” he says. Lastly, the knowledge so essential to cooperative hunting, fishing, and foraging is disappearing as new generations keep away from the labor-intensive practices and rural livelihoods altogether. Losing these traditions has consequences far beyond the local communities that practice them, researchers say. “There is something almost mythical about being led through the woods by a wild animal, by a bird,” Wood says. “It gives us a glimpse of a completely different kind of relationship between humans and other species, and a recognition of wider possibilities for how humans can make their way in the world.” 1．How does the greater honeyguide assist honey hunters? A．By scaring away dangerous bees. B．By cooperating on making tools. C．By gathering honey from flowers. D．By locating the hidden bee nests. 2．What has contributed to the decline in wild honey demand? A．Stable land use practices. B．Slowing population growth trends. C．The expansion of beekeeping. D．The desperate need of balanced diet. 3．What effect might the disappearance of cooperative hunting traditions have? A．A new perspective of humans’ survival. B．Limited access to honey as a food source. C．Less interaction with the local communities. D．Much reliance on modern technology for hunting. 4．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Disappearing Art of Honey Hunting with Honeyguides. B．The Necessity of Coexistence between Humans and Bees. C．The Future of Cooperative Searching for Honey Practices. D．The Relationship of Economic Changes and Honey Demand. 【13】（24-25高三上·河北·阶段练习）American literary giant Henry David Thoreau spent two years at Walden Pond, writing what would later be published as his book Walden. Now, nearly 180 years later, his writings are teaching us that the Walden Pond of 2024 isn’t the Walden Pond of then. It’s not uncommon to see people enjoying Walden Pond nowadays. Swimming, kayaking, and even field trips are common activities there. But a walk around Walden Pond is a walk through history. Boston University Professor Richard Primack is using that history to his advantage. Primack is a professor of plant ecology and part of a team of researchers studying climate change in Massachusetts. One of their most valuable pieces of data is Thoreau’s book. “Thoreau made these very detailed observations, libraries of his observations on flowering time, leafing out, bird arrival time, ice out times in Walden Pond. And so these scattered (零散的) tables are really what the basis is for building on our own set of observations,” said Primack. The data paints a clear picture that winters are shorter, and springs are coming earlier. “Climate change is affecting Concord, Massachusetts,” said Primack. “Wildflowers are flowering about 10 days earlier. Trees are leafing out 14 days earlier. Trees are somewhat more responsive wildflowers.” But perhaps the most concerning isn’t what we see, but rather what we don’t. “When we started to look at the flowering times of plants, we kept encountering wildflower species that we couldn’t find or that were extremely rare.” said Primack. Wildflowers like fringed orchids or ladyslipper orchids were written about by Thoreau, but Primack’s team couldn’t find any sign of them. The species that had gone locally extinct were the cold-loving, northern wildflowers, while the species that tended to be persistent were the warm-loving, southern species. When asked by WB if Thoreau should be revered in scientific circles the same way he’s revered in literature, Primack was absolute. “He should be. In Thoreau’s time and the decades after, people criticized him that he’s not a good scientist. We now know that was completely wrong. Thoreau was, in fact, a very accurate scientist,” he added. 1．Why do climate scientists turn to Thoreau’s book? A．It details natural event timings. B．It records Walden Pond’s history. C．It reveals Concord’s ecosystem insights. D．It documents the popularity of Walden Pond. 2．What research finding concerns Primack’s team most? A．The delay in leafing out of trees. B．The earlier arrival of spring in Concord. C．The extinction of some wildflower species. D．The increase of warm-loving, southern plants. 3．What’s the Primack’s attitude towards Thoreau’s role as a scientist? A．Skeptical. B．Positive. C．Unclear. D．Opposed. 4．Which of the following can serve as the best title for the text? A．Walden Pond: A Modern Research Centre. B．Walden Pond: A Record Of Changing Seasons. C．Thoreau Comes To The Aid Of Climate Science. D．Thoreau’s Literary Significance: A Naturalist’s View. 【14】（24-25高三上·广东深圳·阶段练习）Superhuman artificial intelligence has played a role in our life. When it comes to playing games like chess, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of humans. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. We are blessed with a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life — to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball — we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds. In psychology, the ability to infer another’s mental state is referred to as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity develops at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks  whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. Besides, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think. But we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI,  plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen.But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves. 1．According to the passage, which of the following contexts can AI understand well? A．When asked where an object is, a naughty kid points in the wrong direction. B．When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework, he answers “my dog ate it”. C．When you are treated with a hotpot for dinner, you reply “a sore throat”. D．When a mom tells her kid milk is good for health, the kid drinks it up. 2．Which statement will the author agree with most about AI’s theory of mind? A．AI has already mastered the ability to read human minds. B．The development of AI’s theory of mind heavily relies on human’s understanding of it. C．AI’s theory of mind can appear naturally without any human intervention. D．AI’s theory of mind is superior to human’s in all forms. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward truly self-aware machines? A．Ambiguous. B．Conservative. C．Skeptical. D．Approving. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．AI’s Theory of Mind Will Define Our Future B．AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected C．AI’s Theory of Mind — a Blessing or Suffering to Humans D．Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI 【15】（24-25高三上·四川雅安·阶段练习）Body Mass Index, or BMI, is a medical tool to compare your height to your weight. Doctors have used it for a long time to see if people have a healthy weight. But some people don’t like it because it can say they are too heavy or really heavy when they don’t feel that way. A strong lady who plays rugby in the Olympics, Ilona Maher, has a BMI of 30, which some people might say is almost too heavy. But she said that she’s going to the Olympics and they are not. Some researchers say that the way we calculate BMI is old and not fair mainly because it was made a long time ago using mostly white men’s data. It wasn’t meant to be used to check everyone’s health. Even doctors say BMI isn’t perfect. It doesn’t look at how different people’s bodies can be, like if they have more muscles or fat in certain places. Now, there’s a new way to measure body shape called the Body Roundness Index, or BRI. It looks at how round you are by using your height and waist size, not your weight. This might be a better way to see if you have too much fat around your middle, which can lead to health problems like diabetes and heart disease. Unlike fat on your thighs (大腿), this fat is more risky. Dr. Niu says that when we use BMI, it might say that strong athletes are at more risk than they really are, but it might not show that older people with less muscle and more fat are at risk. Doctors agree that BMI is not very detailed and doesn’t show how different our bodies can be in shape, what we’re made of, how much muscle we have, and how dense (密度大的) our bones are. 1．What is BMI used to do? A．Compare roundness. B．Compare weight. C．Compare height to waist size. D．Compare height to weight. 2．What is a main disadvantage of BMI according to paragraph 3? A．It is too complex for practical use. B．It fails to consider height and weight. C．It is not suitable for all people due to its data. D．It stresses the importance of waist size too much. 3．What can be inferred about BRI from the passage? A．It is also not very detailed. B．It will completely replace BMI. C．It is mainly designed for athletes. D．It offers a better way to see health risks. 4．Which of the following titles best suits the passage? A．How to keep healthy? B．Time to say goodbye to BMI? C．The Outdated Medical Tools D．A Battle between BMI and BRI 【16】（24-25高三上·湖南·阶段练习）Power often boosts an employee’s creativity because being powerful liberates the individual from restrictions. However, new research shows that employees who are not in position s of power can become more creative when given time to “warm up” by engaging in the creative tasks more than once. “This is important because when people with more power are able to express their creative ideas more than those with less power, it leads to rich-get-richer dynamics that strengthen these power imbalances,” said Brian Lucas, an assistant professor at Cornell University. “Understanding ways to boost the creativity of lower-power workers can help them find the right way to deal with this low-power disadvantage,” Lucas said. Lucas and his colleagues conducted three studies to reach their conclusion. In the first study, they divided the creative idea generation session into two rounds: a one-minute “warm-up” followed by a second round in which the participants could take as long as they wanted. Participants were randomly assigned to a high-power condition or a low-power condition, and feelings of power were generated with a role manipulation (操纵) where participants were given a leadership role with control over resources (high power) or an employee role with no control over resources (low power). The study found that high-power individuals were more creative than low-power individuals in the warm-up round. There was no difference, though, in creativity in the second round. In the second study, the researchers gave them a different creative task and increased the number of rounds from two to five, participants taking as long as they like to complete the task. Consistent with the first study, the study found that high-power individuals were more creative than low-power individuals in the first round. But the creativity of low-power individuals caught up with the creativity of the high-power individuals after the first round. Results of the third study demonstrated that a different creativity task can also warm up low-power people for an unrelated creativity task. “Given the high value of creative ideas for organizations, it is vital to develop approaches that empower all employees to tap their creative potential,” Lucas said. “The low-power warm-up effect suggests a simple intervention that empowers all employees to tap their creative potential and overcomes power imbalances in the workplace: when pursuing creative work, let employees warm up first.” 1．Why does Lucas think it important to boost the creativity of lower-power workers? A．It maintains power imbalances. B．It motivates their ambition to catch up. C．It creates a competitive work environment. D．It encourages a workplace with more equality. 2．How did Lucas and his co-authors stimulate feelings of power in the participants? A．Through a creative task with time limits. B．Through providing them with different positions. C．Through a competition between leaders and employees. D．Through assigning them to different conditions intentionally. 3．What can describe the relationship between power and creativity according to the studies? A．It’s fixed. B．It’s dynamic. C．It’s unpredictable. D．It’s irrelevant. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Higher power contributes to more creativity B．Changing tasks boosts all the employees’ creativity C．“Warm-up time” bridges creativity imbalances D．Low-power individuals outperform the high-power ones 【17】（24-25高三上·河北邢台·期中）Monarch butterflies (帝王蝶), with their striking orange and black wings, are some of the most recognizable butterflies in North America. But they’re in trouble. Monarch caterpillars (幼虫) can only eat the leaves of milkweed, a native wildflower. As milkweed has disappeared, so the monarchs have got to the point that they’re at risk of extinction. Research shows that planting milkweed in home gardens can add significant monarch habitat to the landscape. In a new study in the journal Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, researchers and community scientists monitored urban milkweed plants for butterfly eggs to learn what makes these city gardens more hospitable to monarchs. They found that even tiny city gardens attracted monarchs and became a home to caterpillars. Monarch butterflies have one of the most unusual and demanding migration patterns of any insect. The eastern population of monarchs starts the year in Mexico, and they move up across North America in the spring and summer. “As they travel, they lay their eggs, and when those adults die, the next generation continues the migration northward. They will make it all the way to southern Canada, and at the end of summer, a new super generation is born that migrates all the way south and survives through the winter. Since it takes multiple generations of milkweed- eating caterpillars to get the monarch population from Mexico to Canada each year, the monarchs rely on milkweed plants throughout their migration path,” says Klinger, the study’s lead author and a Geographic Information Systems analyst in the Keller Science Action Center. Klinger and his colleague worked with volunteers around Chicagoland to monitor milkweed plants in their yards and neighborhoods for monarch butterflies laying their eggs on the plants and caterpillars eating the milkweed leaves. “We wanted to answer the question: How well do these urban milkweed gardens actually support monarch butterflies? Everybody always wants to know: What should we plant? What species of milkweed, how many plants, how big of a garden? There are so many questions to answer, so we were hoping that we could use this project and the data from it to start answering those questions,” says Klinger. 1．What does the underlined word “hospitable” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Critical. B．Welcoming. C．Efficient. D．Abnormal. 2．Why does the author mention the demanding migration pattern of monarch butterflies? A．To explain how the butterflies try to reproduce. B．To prove what a difficult life the butterflies live. C．To find the best migration routes for the butterflies. D．To show why milkweed is important to the butterflies. 3．What do the researchers hope to learn from their project? A．Best planting strategies. B．Caterpillar growth rates. C．Milkweed diseases. D．Substitutes for milkweed. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Scientists raised a series of questions on planting milkweed B．Monarch caterpillars only eat the leaves of milkweed C．Planting milkweed can help save monarch butterflies D．Monarch butterflies have the most demanding migration patterns 【18】（24-25高三上·福建福州·阶段练习）Search engines, virtual worlds, the Internet — ever get the feeling you’re living in a science fiction fantasy? Well indeed you are. For more than a century, inventors have been driven to create what sci-fi writers have boldly imagined before. As a boy in India, Amit Singhal dreamed of space. “Those were my favorite times as a little child on a hot summer day, sitting in a room watching Star Trek,” he says. Singhal now works at Google, where he is in charge of maintaining Google’s search algorithms (算法). “But my main job is to dream about what searching would look like a few years from now,” he says. And what do those dreams look like? Singhal was fascinated by the way Star Trek characters simply talk to a computer to find out about almost anything, so now he’s working on Google’s voice-recognition search products. Singhal isn’t unique. Scratch the surface (作肤浅的探讨) of many inventors in Silicon Valley, and there’s a kid who loved science fiction underneath. “Teenagers read these things, they fall in love with the novel, they get inspired by the technology and they keep it in the back of their minds till they’re about 30, and then they build it,” technology forecaster (预言家) Paul Saffo says. The grandfather of science fiction is probably Jules Verne, whose novels have inspired whole generations of people. And ever since Verne, there’s been a long list of inventions that come from science fiction. Buck Rogers inspired a generation of scientists excited about space exploration. William Gibson dreamed up the Internet while writing Neuromancer on a manual typewriter. Neal Stephenson predicted virtual worlds in his novel Snow Crash. One of his readers Philip Rosedale, built the virtual world Second Life based on the “Metaverse” from the novel. Science fiction helps engineers see the meaning of their work, says Snow Crash author Stephenson. It makes it “possible for these people to see a realized vision of what all of their efforts could eventually lead to.” 1．What can we learn about Singhal? A．He has shown less enthusiasm for space. B．He has strongly criticized the movie Star Trek. C．He has dreamed of becoming a science fiction writer. D．He has been exploring future possibilities of search engines. 2．What does Saffo say about science fiction? A．It plants seeds of creativity in teenagers’ hearts. B．It helps readers understand real human issues. C．It fails to live up to its full potential. D．It should be based on scientific facts. 3．How is paragraph 4 mainly developed? A．By presenting writers’ achievements. B．By analyzing the reasons for technological progress. C．By making comparisons between fiction and reality. D．By giving examples of innovations driven by science fiction. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Jules Verne imagined the world ahead B．Science fiction inspires engineers to build our future C．Why teens are fascinated by science fiction D．Why science fiction writers are so good at predicting the future 试卷第2页，共43页 20 / 20 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ · 第08辑二轮专题 2025届阅读微技能之说明文选标题 · （提分干货+高考真题+名校模拟）解析版 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，提供高效提分干货，帮你举一反三提分 说明文标题错误三大特征 1. 范围太宽泛：选项太过于宽泛，与文章内容相距甚远。 2. 范围太具体：选项死扣文章某一细节不适合用于标题。 3. 范围太偏颇：选项内容过于偏颇，明显偏离文章主旨。 说明文选标题三大方法 1.主题段法 标题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语即是文章的标题。 2. 主题句法 解题的关键要抓住每段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。 2. 关键词法 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即关键词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 说明文选标题三大策略 1.正面肯定法 在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。 2.反面否定法 撇开原文，拿各个备选项去尝试用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除荒谬者。 3.排除干扰法 研究干扰项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、新奇性、概括性等。文章的标题应该新颖奇特，易激发读者的好奇心，吸引读者注意力。 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分技巧和应试思维！ (2024全国甲卷第27题) Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音)that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 24. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A. It's a survival skill. B. It's taught by mother cats. C. It's hard to interpret. D. It's getting louder with age. 25. How does a pet cat assess different situations? A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects. C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats. 26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better. 27. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。 24.细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。 25.细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。 26.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。 27.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ 【01】（24-25高三上·重庆·期中）Wrapping paper — that thing that makes our holiday gifts look so festive — has a landfill problem. If it’s shiny, metallic, or glitter-encrusted, it’s not recyclable. And even recycled paper isn’t guaranteed to actually get recycled. But there’s an alternative, eco-friendlier option that some are turning to this holiday season: the Japanese art of wrapping packages in cloth, known as furoshiki. Furoshiki refers to both the square cloth itself and the wrapping technique. The practice dates back hundreds of years, when people started using cloth bundles to carry items to and from public baths. Eventually, it evolved into a wrapping art form. People don’t just wrap presents with the cloth, but an endless number of small items like boxes, fruit, and books. When it was used to wrap gifts, Tsukada Simonian says traditionally, the furoshiki cloth would be returned to the gift giver to be used again and again. The tradition went out of fashion as paper and plastic substitutes took off in the post World War I period. It’s something “you would see at grandma’s house”, says Tomoko Dyen, who teaches furoshiki wrapping technique in Los Angeles. But recently, she says, it’s been regaining popularity. As more tourists have learned about it while visiting Japan, Dyen says it’s encouraged the next generation to “learn more about ourselves”. Furoshiki doesn’t necessarily require specific furoshiki cloth, says van der Steur. She stocks the museum store with imported Japanese furoshiki cloth including patterns with flowers, cats, and otters, but she says any piece of fabric, even old clothes, can work. Some of the learners showed up specifically hoping to learn furoshiki for holiday wrapping. But some say they walked away hoping to use it for much more. Kristan Delatori attended with the plan to wrap her holiday gifts this way — but now she says she’ ll bring furoshiki with her when she runs quick errands. “Being able to put a couple of these into my bag and always having something when I go to the grocery store or go shopping,” says Delatori. “I’m really excited.” 1．What can we learn about furoshiki from the first two paragraphs? A．It looks more festive than common wrapping paper. B．It was sent as a part of the gift to the receivers for use. C．It refers to the square cloth only used to wrap presents. D．It was first used to carry items when people took baths. 2．What makes the revival of furoshiki in recent years? A．The effort of the last generation. B．The attention from more visitors. C．The unique charm of furoshiki itself. D．The support of the local government. 3．Which word best describes Kristan Delatori’s attitude to furoshiki? A．Skeptical. B．Conservative. C．Favorable. D．Unclear. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．The Square Cloth: The Very Thing Bearing the Lost Memory B．Wrapping Paper: A Recyclable Material Regaining Popularity C．Furoshiki: An Eco-Friendier Choice for Holiday Wrapping D．Japan: An Asian Nation with Various Traditional Art Forms 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了更环保的布包装艺术。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Furoshiki refers to both the square cloth itself and the wrapping technique. The practice dates back hundreds of years, when people started using cloth bundles to carry items to and from public baths. (furoshiki指的是方形布料本身和包裹技术。这种做法可以追溯到几百年前，当时人们开始用布包携带物品进出公共浴室。)”可知，它最初是人们洗澡时用来携带物品的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But recently, she says, it’s been regaining popularity. As more tourists have learned about it while visiting Japan, Dyen says it’s encouraged the next generation to “learn more about ourselves”. (但最近，她说，它又开始流行起来。随着越来越多的游客在访问日本时了解到它，Dyen说这鼓励了下一代“更多地了解我们自己”。)”可知，近年来，越来越多的游客的关注使得furoshiki得到复兴。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Being able to put a couple of these into my bag and always having something when I go to the grocery store or go shopping,” says Delatori. “I’m really excited.” (我可以在包里放几个这样的东西，当我去杂货店或去购物的时候，我总是有一些东西，德拉托里说。我真的很兴奋。)”可知，Kristan Delatori对furroshiki的态度是赞成的。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But there’s an alternative, eco-friendlier option that some are turning to this holiday season: the Japanese art of wrapping packages in cloth, known as furoshiki. (但在这个假期，有些人选择了另一种更环保的选择：日本的布包装艺术，被称为furoshiki。)”及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了更环保的布包装艺术。故选C。 【02】（24-25高三上·福建宁德·期中）Adults who continuously played organized sports through their youth have fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression than those who never played or those who dropped out, a new study finds. “And those who dropped out of sports had poorer mental health than those who never played at all. But many more people drop out of youth sports than play continuously until they are 18.” said Chris Knoester, professor of sociology at The Ohio State University. “If you play and stick with sports, it’s a positive for your mental health, but if you play and drop out it seems to be negative — and most kids drop out,” Knoester said. The study showed that most people dropped out of sports because they weren’t having fun or felt they weren’t good enough. “That suggests ways youth sports can be improved to help kids,” said study lead author Laura Upenieks. “Our findings about why kids drop out of organized sports suggest that the current environment is less than ideal for everyone, and that the barriers to participation need to be given greater attention,” Upenieks said. “It is easy to see why sports can be good for those who are able to continue with it to adulthood,” Upenieks said. “The longer that youth are exposed to a positive and encouraging sporting environment, the more likely they are to develop habits that are conducive to longterm mental well-being, such as a commitment to regular exercise and collaborating with others as part of a team. The fact that so many kids quit shows that organized sports often don’t provide a positive environment. But there are steps adults can take to improve that environment. For one, sports should be safe for kids. The researchers said the fact that 8% said they were abused by coaches is particularly alarming. “And the finding that nearly half of kids quit because they weren’t having fun and about a third dropped out because they felt they weren’t good enough should also be a wake-up call,” Knoester said. “We need to improve youth sports so that it supports positive experiences for everyone and makes it more enjoyable,” he said. 1．What can we say about dropping out of sports? A．It has no impact on physical health. B．It’s beneficial to mental health. C．It keeps players playing into adulthood. D．It is worse for mental health than never playing. 2．What is one of the main reasons for kids dropping out of sports? A．They don’t get joy from exercise. B．They prefer individual activities. C．They are not physically fit enough. D．They are not academically related. 3．What is key to improving the youth sports environment? A．Reducing the number of coaches. B．Adding fun to youth sports. C．Changing the rules of sports. D．Providing more training partners. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Reason Why Kids Quit Sports B．The Benefits and Drawbacks of Playing Youth Sports C．The Impact of Youth Sports on Long-Term Mental Health D．Challenges and Solutions for Improving Youth Sports Programs 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于体育运动对青少年心理影响的研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“And those who dropped out of sports had poorer mental health than those who never played at all. (那些退出体育运动的人比那些从未参加过体育运动的人心理健康状况更差。)”可知，退出体育运动对心理健康来说比未参加的更糟糕。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study showed that most people dropped out of sports because they weren’t having fun or felt they weren’t good enough.(研究表明，大多数人退出体育运动是因为他们没有乐趣，或者觉得自己不够好。)”可知，孩子们退出体育运动的主要原因之一是他们不能从运动中得到快乐。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“ “And the finding that nearly half of kids quit because they weren’t having fun and about a third dropped out because they felt they weren’t good enough should also be a wake-up call,” Knoester said.(Knoester说：“近一半的孩子因为玩得不开心而退出运动，大约三分之一的孩子因为觉得自己不够好而退出运动，这一发现也应该是一个警钟。”)”和最后一段中““We need to improve youth sports so that it supports positive experiences for everyone and makes it more enjoyable,” he said.(他说：“我们需要改善青少年体育，这样才能为每个人提供积极的体验，让它更有趣。”)”可知， 改善青少年体育环境的关键是增加青少年运动的乐趣。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Adults who continuously played organized sports through their youth have fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression than those who never played or those who dropped out, a new study finds.(一项新的研究发现，在青少年时期经常参加有组织的体育运动的成年人比那些从不参加体育运动或辍学的人更少出现焦虑和抑郁的症状。)”和第二段中““If you play and stick with sports, it’s a positive for your mental health, but if you play and drop out it seems to be negative — and most kids drop out,” Knoester said.(Knoester说：“如果你参加并坚持体育运动，这对你的心理健康是积极的，但如果你参加体育运动后退出，这似乎是消极的——并且大多数孩子都退出了”)”可知，本文一项关于体育运动对青少年心理影响的研究。C项“青少年体育运动对长期心理健康的影响”符合主题，故选C项。 【03】（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Have you ever walked into a room and forgotten why you went in there, or been about to speak but suddenly realized you had no idea what you were going to say? The human brain normally balances countless thoughts and actions, but sometimes, it seems to short-circuit. To figure out why, we have to look into what really happens when we forget what we were just thinking about. It’s important to know two different types of memory: long-term and working memory. Long-term memories are a broad category of memories that involve knowledge and experiences stored in the brain for extended periods. On the other hand, thoughts in working memory, whose certain characteristics are likely to explain why we forget, flash through the mind for only seconds at a time. First, working memory has very limited capacity. People can hold only about four to seven “chunks” of information—such as letters or phrases—in their working memory at a time. Rather than being aware of all of these “chunks” simultaneously (同时地), the brain bounces around from one idea to another, making it more likely that one gets neglected. Second, the brain quickly erases unimportant things from working memory to make room for new information. So unless those short-term memories are transferred into long-term memories, they’re soon gone from conscious thought. Because the brain isn’t actually capable of multitasking, it has to “juggle” different thoughts as our working memory rushes around to different ideas, which requires conscious effort and attention. If attention becomes focused on only one of those thoughts or is diverted somewhere new, the brain loses track of the earlier thoughts. And alcohol and aging may worsen the case. To stop forgetting things, it’s advised against multitasking. When you think you’re multitasking, you’re juggling, which makes forgetting more likely. Moreover, recreating the context can help, which means going back into the room you were before. Those context clues might give the brain the extra boost it needs to reach back a few seconds in working memory and regain the thought. 1．How did the author introduce the topic? A．By making contrasts. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By giving background information. 2．What do we know about memory? A．Memory can’t be restored if it disappears. B．Practicıng multitasking does good to working memory. C．Working memory cannot be transferred into long-term memory. D．People’s working memory capability varies with different life stages. 3．What does the underlined word “juggle” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Balance. B．Present. C．Master. D．Attain. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Two types of memory B．Improving our memory C．What did I come in for? D．How does our memory work? 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要研究了我们的大脑是如何记忆的。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Have you ever walked into a room and forgotten why you went in there, or been about to speak but suddenly realized you had no idea what you were going to say? (你有没有过这样的经历：走进一个房间，却忘了自己为什么要进去？或者你有没有过这样的经历：刚想说话，却突然意识到自己不知道要说什么？)”可知，作者是通过问问题来引入话题的。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Because the brain isn’t actually capable of multitasking, it has to “juggle” different thoughts as our working memory rushes around to different ideas, which requires conscious effort and attention. If attention becomes focused on only one of those thoughts or is diverted somewhere new, the brain loses track of the earlier thoughts. And alcohol and aging may worsen the case. (因为大脑实际上不能同时处理多项任务，所以当我们的工作记忆快速传输不同的想法时，它必须“平衡”不同的想法，这需要有意识的努力和注意力。如果注意力只集中在其中一个想法上，或者转移到新的地方，大脑就会忘记之前的想法。酒精和衰老可能会使情况恶化。)”可知，人的工作记忆能力随着人生阶段的不同而不同。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。划线词句后文“as our working memory rushes around to different ideas, which requires conscious effort and attention (当我们的工作记忆快速传输不同的想法时，这需要有意识的努力和注意力)”说明当我们的工作记忆快速涌现不同的想法时，大脑需要有意识的努力和注意力，来平衡不同的想法。从而推知划线词句“Because the brain isn’t actually capable of multitasking, it has to “juggle” different thoughts as our working memory rushes around to different ideas, which requires conscious effort and attention. (因为大脑实际上不能同时处理多项任务，所以当我们的工作记忆快速传输不同的想法时，它必须“juggle”不同的想法，这需要有意识的努力和注意力。)”其中划线词应为“平衡”的意思，与A项同义。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Have you ever walked into a room and forgotten why you went in there, or been about to speak but suddenly realized you had no idea what you were going to say? The human brain normally balances countless thoughts and actions, but sometimes, it seems to short-circuit. To figure out why, we have to look into what really happens when we forget what we were just thinking about. (你有没有过这样的经历：走进一个房间，却忘了自己为什么要进去？或者你有没有过这样的经历：刚想说话，却突然意识到自己不知道要说什么？人类的大脑通常会平衡无数的想法和行为，但有时它似乎会短路。为了找出原因，我们必须研究当我们忘记了我们刚刚在想的事情时到底发生了什么。)”可知，本篇文章主要研究了我们的大脑是如何记忆的，D项“我们的记忆是如何运作的？”能概括文章大意，为最佳题目。故选D项。 【04】（24-25高三上·河南安阳·期中）A new study published in the journal Science Advances finds that AI enhances creativity by boosting the novelty of story ideas as well as the “usefulness” of stories - their ability to engage the target audience and potential for publication. It finds that AI “professionalizes” stories, making them more enjoyable, more likely to have plot twists, better written and less boring. The researchers assigned the 300 study participants to three groups: one group was allowed no AI help, a second group could use ChatGPT to provide a single three-sentence starting idea, and writers in the third group could choose from up to five AI-generated ideas for their inspiration. They then organized 600 people to judge how good the stories were, assessing them for novelty - whether the stories did something new or unexpected - and “usefulness” - how appropriate they were for the target audience, and whether the ideas could be developed and potentially published. They found that writers with the most access to AI experienced the greatest gains to their creativity, their stories scoring 9% higher for novelty compared with stories written without AI. Writers who used up to five AI-generated ideas also scored higher for emotional characteristics, producing stories that were better written, more enjoyable, less boring and funnier. The researchers evaluated the writers’ creativity using a Divergent Association Task (DAT) and found that more creative writers - those with the highest DAT scores - benefited least from generative AI ideas. Conversely, less creative writers saw a greater increase in creativity. The researchers also calculated how similar the stories were to each other. They found a 10.7% increase in similarity between writers whose stories used one generative AI-idea, compared with the group that didn’t use AI. Anil Doshi, Assistant Professor at the UCL School of Management said, “While these results point to an increase in individual creativity, there is a risk of losing collective novelty. If the publishing industry were to embrace more generative AI-inspired stories, our findings suggest that the stories would become less unique and more similar to each other.” 1．Which aspect of the AI-assisted stories were assessed in the study? A．Universality and availability. B．Originality and practicality. C．Creativity and specialization. D．Similarity and integrity. 2．What might the underlined word “Conversely” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Sure enough. B．In conclusion. C．On the contrary. D．As a result. 3．What is Anil Doshi’s attitude towards AI-inspired stories? A．Objective. B．Indifferent. C．Favorable. D．Ambiguous. 4．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．AI Is Being Used to Create Novel Stories B．AI Is Becoming a Threat to Human Writers C．AI Can Help to Improve People’s Writing Skills D．AI Can Boost the Creativity of Stories but Pays a Price 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现利用人工智能写作可以提高故事创意的新颖性和故事的“有用性”，但是人工智能辅助的故事被发现包含更多的相似之处，缺乏多样性。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“They then organized 600 people to judge how good the stories were, assessing them for novelty - whether the stories did something new or unexpected - and “usefulness” - how appropriate they were for the target audience, and whether the ideas could be developed and potentially published. (然后，他们组织了600人来判断这些故事有多好，评估它们的新颖性——这些故事是否做了新的或意想不到的事情——以及“有用性”——它们对目标受众有多合适，以及这些想法是否可以发展和发表)”可知，评估的是故事的原创性和实用性。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第五段“The researchers evaluated the writers’ creativity using a Divergent Association Task (DAT) and found that more creative writers - those with the highest DAT scores - benefited least from generative AI ideas. (研究人员用发散联想任务（DAT）来评估作家的创造力，发现那些更有创造力的作家——那些DAT得分最高的人——从生成式人工智能想法中受益最少。)”和划线词下文“less creative writers saw a greater increase in creativity. (创造力较低的作家的创造力则增加得更多。)”可知，两者是对比关系，因此“Conversely”意为“相反地”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据末段Anil Doshi的话“Anil Doshi, Assistant Professor at the UCL School of Management said, “While these results point to an increase in individual creativity, there is a risk of losing collective novelty. If the publishing industry were to embrace more generative AI-inspired stories, our findings suggest that the stories would become less unique and more similar to each other.” (伦敦大学学院管理学院的助理教授阿尼尔·多西说：“虽然这些结果表明个人创造力有所提高，但集体创造力也有丧失的风险。如果出版业接受更多基于人工智能的衍生故事，我们的研究结果表明，这些故事将变得不那么独特，而是更加相似。)”可知，Anil Doshi既提到了人工智能辅助生成故事的优点：个人创造力有所提高，也提到了缺点：集体创造力存在丧失的风险，因此他的评价是客观的。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容及根据末段Anil Doshi的话“Anil Doshi, Assistant Professor at the UCL School of Management said, “While these results point to an increase in individual creativity, there is a risk of losing collective novelty. If the publishing industry were to embrace more generative AI-inspired stories, our findings suggest that the stories would become less unique and more similar to each other.” (伦敦大学学院管理学院的助理教授阿尼尔·多西说：“虽然这些结果表明个人创造力有所提高，但集体创造力也有丧失的风险。如果出版业接受更多基于人工智能的衍生故事，我们的研究结果表明，这些故事将变得不那么独特，而是更加相似。)”可知，本文主要介绍了人工智能可以提高故事创意的新颖性，但同时也会使AI协助的写作产生相似性，故判断D选项“人工智能可以提高故事的创造力，但也要付出代价。”可以作为文章标题。故选D项。 【05】（24-25高三上·重庆·期中）The benefits of free time, researchers say, depend upon our beliefs about it. A new study reveals that contentment relies, at least in part, on believing that leisure activities are anything but a waste of time. According to the study, viewing leisure as wasteful prevents us from enjoying our leisure pursuits — especially pure pleasure activities such as hanging out with friends, watching TV and just relaxing. More goal-driven leisure activities, like exercise and meditation (冥想) tend to make people feel productive so they are still enjoyed when people see value in these leisure activities. In one part of the study, the researchers asked 302 people to recall what they did for Halloween, how much they enjoyed the holiday and their attitudes towards leisure in general. Those who believed leisure was wasteful enjoyed their Halloween less, especially when they engaged in activities like going to a party compared to other activities that might be fun but might also fulfil responsibilities, like trick-or-treating with their kids. In another part of the study, participants read news articles meant to convince the reader that leisure was wasteful and unproductive or leisure was important and productive. Next, they watched the “Best Funny Cat Videos 2019” and were asked how much they enjoyed it. Those who believed that leisure was wasteful or unproductive didn’t enjoy watching the videos as much as those who thought leisure time was productive and important. The results show that those who do not enjoy pleasure-driven activities are more depressed, anxious and stressed. The findings suggest happiness may be driven not only by whether people engage in leisure, but whether they find value in what they are doing. “Attitudes are no easy to change. Therefore, it may be impossible to shift beliefs about leisure overnight,” said the lead author Gabriela Tonietto. “For the people who refer to leisure as wasteful, it helps to focus on the productive ways that individual leisure activities can serve their long-term goals.” 1．Why did some participants enjoy their Halloween less? A．They had a strong passion for parties. B．They considered trick-or-treating boring. C．They preferred hanging out with friends. D．They attached great value to responsibilities. 2．What is the purpose of asking the participants to read the news articles? A．To shape their attitudes to leisure. B．To assess their reading skills. C．To introduce them to cat videos. D．To examine their productivity. 3．What is Tonietto’s suggestion on leisure? A．Seeking its potential benefits. B．Diversifying the forms of leisure. C．Reducing engagement in leisure. D．Changing our attitudes to leisure quickly. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Pursuing Leisure Tops the List. B．Enjoying Leisure Boosts Productivity. C．Designing Leisure Activities Brings Contentment. D．Considering Leisure Wasteful Reduces Happiness. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现人们的满足感依赖于认为休闲活动绝不是浪费时间。介绍了研究开展的情况以及发现。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Those who believed leisure was wasteful enjoyed their Halloween less, especially when they engaged in activities like going to a party compared to other activities that might be fun but might also fulfil responsibilities, like trick-or-treating with their kids.(那些认为休闲是浪费的人更不喜欢他们的万圣节，特别是当他们参加派对等活动时，而不是其他可能有趣但也可能履行责任的活动，比如和孩子们一起玩“不给糖就捣蛋”)”可知，一些参与者不太喜欢他们的万圣节因为他们非常重视责任。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“In another part of the study, participants read news articles meant to convince the reader that leisure was wasteful and unproductive or leisure was important and productive.(在研究的另一部分，参与者阅读新闻文章，旨在让读者相信休闲是浪费和无益的，或者休闲是重要和有益的)”可知，要求参与者阅读新闻文章的目的是塑造他们对休闲的态度。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“For the people who refer to leisure as wasteful, it helps to focus on the productive ways that individual leisure activities can serve their long-term goals.(对于那些认为休闲是浪费的人来说，把注意力集中在个人休闲活动能够为他们的长期目标服务的有效方式上是有帮助的)”可知，Tonietto对休闲的建议是寻求潜在利益。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The benefits of free time, researchers say, depend upon our beliefs about it. A new study reveals that contentment relies, at least in part, on believing that leisure activities are anything but a waste of time.(研究人员说，空闲时间的好处取决于我们对它的看法。一项新的研究表明，至少在一定程度上，人们的满足感依赖于认为休闲活动绝不是浪费时间)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现人们的满足感依赖于认为休闲活动绝不是浪费时间。介绍了研究开展的情况以及发现。可知，D选项“认为休闲浪费会减少幸福”最符合文章标题。故选D。 【06】（24-25高三上·河北保定·期中）For the precise timekeeper, only an atomic clock will do. While the best quartz (石英) timepieces will lose a millisecond every six weeks, an atomic clock might not lose a thousandth of one in a decade. Such devices are accurate enough to drive everything from GPS and the internet to stock-market trading. However, researchers are now working on a successor: the nuclear clock. Ekkehard Peik, a pioneer in the field, says such a clock could be 1,000 times more accurate than today’s atomic clocks. Atomic clocks work by exciting the electrons around an atom’s nucleus (原子核) with incoming radiation of a specific frequency, with each wave cycle corresponding to a “tick.” Nuclear clocks would function similarly but would use the transitions of neutrons and protons (中子和质子) inside the nucleus. The most promising candidate nucleus is thorium-229, which uniquely, has a nuclear transition that lasers (激光) should be able to activate. The exact frequency at which this occurs, however, has long been unknown. Researchers Chuankun Zhang and Jun Ye, from the University of Colorado in Boulder, bypassed this challenge by developing a custom-built laser capable of generating a range of frequencies around the expected transition point. When they fired it at the target, one particular light stream matched the nuclear transition frequency. Although the system needs optimization, Zhang says, “It’s the first demonstration that all the components of a nuclear clock are here.” Because atomic clocks are already more than accurate enough for most practical uses, scientists are not aiming to replace them. Instead, they are more interested in the advantages of having two independent methods for measuring time, as beyond precise timekeeping, nuclear clocks could have broader applications in fundamental physics. One potential use is in testing Einstein’s theory of relativity, which suggests, among other things, that clocks should tick more slowly in stronger gravitational fields. If nuclear clocks show any differences in their response compared to atomic clocks under such conditions, it could motivate a rethinking of these well-established theories. 1．What do we know about atomic clocks? A．They are less accurate than quartz timepieces. B．They are accurate enough for nearly all practical uses today. C．The difference between atomic and quartz clocks is insignificant. D．They are not reliable enough for technologies like GPS or stock trading. 2．What breakthrough did Chuankun Zhang and Jun Ye achieve? A．They predicted the exact frequency of the thorium-229 nu clear transition. B．They discovered a new type of nuclear transition in thorium-229. C．They built a laser to target frequencies near the transition point. D．They used a microwave-based laser to measure the thorium-229 transition. 3．The text suggests that Einstein’s theories of relativity might need revision if ______. A．atomic clocks stop working accurately in strong gravity B．nuclear clocks prove to be more accurate than atomic clocks C．scientists discover a new force beyond the nuclear and electromagnetic forces D．nuclear clocks tick differently in strong gravity compared to atomic clocks 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．The End of Atomic Time: A New Clock Redefining Precision B．The New Age of Timekeeping: From Quartz to Atomic Clocks C．The Nuclear Revolution: A Clock That Changed Our Understanding of Time D．The Test of Time: A New Clock Challenging the Laws of Physics 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新型核时钟的研发将重新定义时间精度。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“For the precise timekeeper, only an atomic clock will do. While the best quartz (石英) timepieces will lose a millisecond every six weeks, an atomic clock might not lose a thousandth of one in a decade. Such devices are accurate enough to drive everything from GPS and the internet to stock-market trading. (对于精确计时的人来说，只有原子钟才能做到。最好的石英表每六周会损失一毫秒，而原子钟每十年可能不会损失千分之一毫秒。这些设备足够精确，可以驱动从GPS和互联网到股票市场交易的一切)”可知，原子钟对于几乎所有实际应用来说都已经足够准确了。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Researchers Chuankun Zhang and Jun Ye, from the University of Colorado in Boulder, bypassed this challenge by developing a custom-built laser capable of generating a range of frequencies around the expected transition point. (来自博尔德科罗拉多大学的研究人员张传坤和叶军绕过了这一挑战，他们开发了一种定制的激光器，能够在预期的过渡点周围产生一系列频率)”可知，二人制造了一种能够针对接近转变点的频率的激光。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If nuclear clocks show any differences in their response compared to atomic clocks under such conditions, it could motivate a rethinking of these well-established theories. (如果在这种条件下，核时钟与原子钟的反应有任何不同，就可能促使人们重新思考这些已经确立的理论)”可知，如果核时钟在强引力场中的反应与原子时钟不同，那么爱因斯坦的相对论可能需要修正。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“However, researchers are now working on a successor: the nuclear clock. Ekkehard Peik, a pioneer in the field, says such a clock could be1,000 times more accurate than today’s atomic clocks. (该领域的先驱Ekkehard Peik说，这样的时钟可能比今天的原子钟精确1000倍)”可知，本文主要讲述了新型核时钟的研发将重新定义时间精度。A选项“The End of Atomic Time: A New Clock Redefining Precision (原子时间的终结：一种重新定义精度的新时钟)”符合题意。故选A。 【07】（24-25高三上·湖北·阶段练习）Auntie Ngeam is one of a third generation of indigo craftswomen (靛蓝工匠) in a family from the Phuan, a people known for their handmade textiles (纺织品). A large Phuan community settled in Phrae in northern Thailand in the late 19th century and brought their indigo craftsmanship with them. Auntie Ngeam took over a small business from her parents more than 30 years ago and has played a key role in updating Thailand’s indigo clothing over the past decade. “Every shop on the street had plain blue shirts, so I started thinking about how I could stand out,” she says. “I tried using indigo to tie-dye (扎染) modern clothes.” Now in Thai markets across the country, the indigo tie-dyed clothes have become a phenomenon. Auntie Ngeam also works together with the local government to promote the local indigo industry via tie-dye workshops among tourists. For the past six years, the town has hosted the Phrae Craft festival, showing small, independent indigo craftsmen’s work. The festival is run by Nanthanit Boyd, a former student of Auntie Ngeam’s. Today, Boyd is pushing the boundaries of indigo textile fashion, bringing designs to the world stage. With the increasing acceptance of indigo craftsmanship among young people, intergenerational indigo businesses have become ubiquitous in Phrae. Banmatjai Indigo Workshop is one of such growing businesses, which was opened by the women of the Suchanok family 10 years ago, when the eldest daughter Chidchanok Suchanok returned home after graduation. “I wondered why my generation wasn’t appreciating indigo,” Chidchanok says. “It’s our heritage and a local resource.” Phrae has been reborn as a craft center, bringing more jobs to the locals and attracting both domestic and international travelers. “The creativity is already here; all we need to do is make it shine brighter so people can see it,” says Boyd. 1．What can we learn about Auntie Ngeam? A．She enjoys touring all over the country. B．She is the founder of her family business. C．She pioneers the indigo tie-dyed clothes. D．She is in charge of the Phrae Craft festival. 2．What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Private. B．Widespread. C．Challenging. D．Conservative. 3．What can be inferred about the indigo industry from Boyd’s words? A．It unites the local communities. B．It guarantees the locals a richer life. C．It deserves to be further promoted. D．It appeals to the younger generation. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Rapid Development of Phrae’s Tourism B．Exploration of the History of Indigo Industry C．Revolutionary Progress: the Tomorrow of Phrae D．From Tradition to Trend: Phrae’s Indigo Industry 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了靛蓝工艺的传承、创新和流行。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段““I tried using indigo to tie-dye (扎染) modern clothes.” Now in Thai markets across the country, the indigo tie-dyed clothes have become a phenomenon.(“我试着用靛蓝给现代衣服扎染。”现在在泰国的各个市场上，靛蓝扎染的衣服已经成为了一种现象。）”可知，Auntie Ngeam是靛蓝扎染衣服的先驱。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“With the increasing acceptance of indigo craftsmanship among young people(随着越来越多的年轻人接受靛蓝工艺)”可知，随着越来越多的年轻人接受靛蓝工艺，说明靛蓝公司现在较为普遍，故划线词意思是“普遍的”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““The creativity is already here; all we need to do is make it shine brighter so people can see it,” says Boyd.(“这里的创造力已经存在；我们只需要让它更加闪耀，让人们看到它，”Boyd说。)”可知，靛蓝产业值得进一步推广，让更多的人看到并欣赏到它的价值。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Auntie Ngeam is one of a third generation of indigo craftswomen (靛蓝工匠) in a family from the Phuan, a people known for their handmade textiles (纺织品). A large Phuan community settled in Phrae in northern Thailand in the late 19th century and brought their indigo craftsmanship with them.(Ngeam Auntie是Phuan家族第三代靛蓝手工艺女工之一，Phuan以手工纺织品而闻名。19世纪末，一个庞大的普安人社区定居在泰国北部的Phrae，并带来了他们的靛蓝工艺)”结合本文介绍了靛蓝工艺的传承、创新和流行。故D选项“从传统到趋势：Phrae的靛蓝产业”最符合文章标题，故选D。 【08】（24-25高三上·江苏无锡·期中）Experiments on rats show that mixing energy drinks with alcohol can cause long-term problems with cognitive (认知的) function, adding to concerns over young adults drinking habits. The study was carried out by a team from the University of Cagliari, and groups of male adolescent rats being given alcohol, energy drinks, or a mixture of both. Various standard experiments were then used to assess cognitive function - including brain scans and behavioral tests - up to 53 days after drinking. These tests revealed that the animals consuming the mixed drinks showed enduring changes in their ability to learn and remember and changes in the hippocampus (海马体) - a part of the brain responsible for learning and memory. Alcohol and energy drinks are popular with young people for various reasons, and the effects from this study are that these habits could cause some long-term harm. In particular, it seems that hippocampus plasticity could be affected, damaging the brain’s ability to adapt and change in response to new information and demands. While the rats on alcohol and energy drinks initially showed a boost in certain brain functions. these benefits didn’t last, and over time and into adulthood there was a decline in brain capability. The results show that alcohol mixed with energy drinks consumption during the preadoleseent period produces adaptive hippocampal changes at the electrophysiological and molecular levels. associated with changes in behavior, which are already detectable during adolescence and persist in adulthood. These results still need to be confirmed in human studies, and there’re likely differences between sexes due to hormone interactions that weren’t explored in this study. But health concerns over energy drinks are justified. Alcohol has plenty of effects in health, and it’s well-known that mixing the two together in any kind of significant way isn’t the best idea. Overall, the analysis of the whole set of data obtained suggests that alcohol mixed with energy drinks, during adolescence, may have results that are not necessarily the sum of those observed with alcohol or energy drinks alone and permanently affect hippocampal plasticity. 1．How was the study carried out? A．By observing rats’ various behaviors on the spot. B．By comparing rats’ reactions on different occasions. C．By collecting previous data of rats of different kinds D．By measuring the cognitive influences on the tested rats. 2．What does the underlined word “enduring” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Minor. B．Instant. C．Lasting. D．Unnoticeable 3．What can we learn from the study? A．Mixed drinks initially do great damage to rats’ brains. B．Great sex differences have been detected in rats so far. C．Human subjects have not been involved in the process D．The hippocampal and behavioral changes don’t last long. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Adolescent Rats Experimented, Great Concerns Aroused B．More Energy Drinks Consumed, More Health Effects Noted C．Healthy Diet Habits Adopted, Behavioral Patterns Improved D．Energy Drinks Mixed with Alcohol, Brain Functions Affected 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项关于将能量饮料与酒精混合饮用对青春期大鼠认知能力长期影响的研究。研究发现，这种混合饮品会导致大鼠在学习和记忆能力方面出现持久性改变，特别是影响海马体的可塑性，进而损害大脑适应新信息和需求的能力。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Various standard experiments were then used to assess cognitive function - including brain scans and behavioral tests - up to 53 days after drinking. (然后用各种标准实验来评估饮酒后53天的认知功能，包括脑部扫描和行为测试。)”可知，研究是通过测量对被试大鼠的认知影响来进行的，故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Alcohol and energy drinks are popular with young people for various reasons, and the effects from this study are that these habits could cause some long-term harm. (由于各种原因，酒精和能量饮料在年轻人中很受欢迎，这项研究的结果是，这些习惯可能会造成一些长期危害。)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这些测试表明，喝了混合饮料的动物在学习和记忆能力以及海马体（大脑中负责学习和记忆的部分）的变化方面表现出持久的变化”，划线词enduring的意思是“持久的”，和lasting意思相近，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“These results still need to be confirmed in human studies, and there're likely differences between sexes due to hormone interactions that weren't explored in this study. (这些结果仍需要在人类研究中得到证实，而且由于激素的相互作用，两性之间可能存在差异，而这项研究并未探索这些差异。)”可知，我们能从这项研究中了解到人类实验对象尚未参与这一过程。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“These tests revealed that the animals consuming the mixed drinks showed enduring changes in their ability to learn and remember and changes in the hippocampus (海马体) - a part of the brain responsible for learning and memory. (这些测试表明，喝了混合饮料的动物在学习和记忆能力以及海马体（大脑中负责学习和记忆的部分）的变化方面表现出持久的变化。)”和第四段“Alcohol and energy drinks are popular with young people for various reasons, and the effects from this study are that these habits could cause some long-term harm. In particular, it seems that hippocampus plasticity could be affected, damaging the brain’s ability to adapt and change in response to new information and demands. (由于各种原因，酒精和能量饮料在年轻人中很受欢迎，这项研究的结果是，这些习惯可能会造成一些长期危害。特别是，海马体的可塑性似乎会受到影响，损害大脑适应和改变新信息和需求的能力。)”可知，本文主要讲的是一项关于将能量饮料与酒精混合饮用对青春期大鼠认知能力长期影响的研究，研究发现，这种混合饮品会导致大鼠在学习和记忆能力方面出现持久性改变，特别是影响海马体的可塑性，进而损害大脑适应新信息和需求的能力，因此最好的题目是D选项“Energy Drinks Mixed with Alcohol, Brain Functions Affected (混合酒精的能量饮料影响大脑功能)”。故选D。 【09】（24-25高三上·江西·阶段练习）Even though artificial intelligence (AI) can pass the bar exam, top medical tests and read bedtime stories with emotion, it will never match the wonders of the human mind without first mastering the art of sarcasm (讽刺). But it seems that art will be next on the list of technology's astonishing capabilities. Researchers in the Netherlands have built an AI-driven sarcasm detector. “We are able to recognize sarcasm in a reliable way, and we’re eager to develop that further,” said Matt Coler at the University of Groningen’s speech technology lab. “We want to see how far we can push it.” There is more to the project than teaching algorithms (算法) that sometimes even the most emotional comments cannot be taken literally and must, instead, be interpreted as the exact opposite. Sarcasm affects our communication more than we might appreciate, so understanding it is crucial if humans and machines are to communicate smoothly. “When you start studying sarcasm, you become aware of the extent to which we use it as part of our normal mode of communication,” Coler said. “But we have to speak to our devices in a very literal way because we are talking to a robot. It doesn’t have to be this way.” In work presented at a joint meeting in Ottawa, Xiyuan Gao, a PhD student at the lab, described how the group trained a neural (神经的) network on text, audio, and emotional content of video scenes from US situation comedies. The database was created by researchers in the US and Singapore, who explained sentences from the TV shows with sarcasm labels to build their own detector. After training on the text, audio, and emotional content from various scenes, AI demonstrated an impressive ability to detect sarcasm. The results showed that AI could identify sarcastic remarks in unlabelled exchanges from situation comedies nearly 75% of the time, highlighting significant progress in bridging the communication gap between humans and machines. 1．What is Coler’s attitude to the AI-driven sarcasm detector? A．Modest. B．Optimistic. C．Critical. D．Indifferent. 2．Why is it necessary for AI to understand sarcasm? A．To control humans' emotions. B．To make humans more understanding. C．To facilitate human-machine interaction. D．To develop the AI-driven sarcasm detector. 3．How does AI get trained in sarcasm? A．By sending text. B．By teaching algorithms. C．By using some kind of drama. D．By watching some talent shows. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The AI Database: Recording Art B．A New Frontier of AI: Detecting Sarcasm C．Reliable Ways: Mastering the Art of Sarcasm D．AI: Highlighting the Significant Progress of Humans 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了AI基于情景喜剧中的训练数据来识别讽刺的相关研究。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We are able to recognize sarcasm in a reliable way, and we’re eager to develop that further.(我们能够以可靠的方式识别讽刺，并且我们渴望进一步开发它。)”和“We want to see how far we can push it.(我们想看看我们能把它推到什么程度。)”可知，从Coler的话中可以看出他对AI驱动的讽刺检测器的发展持有乐观态度，想进一步开发和推进它。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Sarcasm affects our communication more than we might appreciate, so understanding it is crucial if humans and machines are to communicate smoothly.(讽刺对我们的交流的影响比我们想象的要大，所以如果人类和机器想要顺畅地交流，理解讽刺是至关重要的。)”可知，AI理解讽刺是为了促进人机交互，让人类和机器之间的交流更加顺畅。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In work presented at a joint meeting in Ottawa, Xiyuan Gao, a PhD student at the lab, described how the group trained a neural network on text, audio, and emotional content of video scenes from US situation comedies.(在渥太华的一次联合会议上，实验室的博士生高西元描述了该小组是如何在美国情景喜剧的文本、音频和视频场景的情感内容上训练神经网络的。)”可知，AI是通过使用某种戏剧（情景喜剧）来训练讽刺能力的。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了荷兰研究人员开发了一种AI驱动的讽刺检测器，并解释了AI理解讽刺语气的重要性及其训练方法，因此文章最好的标题是“AI的新领域：检测讽刺”，这个标题准确地概括了文章的主题。故选B。 【10】（24-25高三上·内蒙古赤峰·阶段练习）Wrapping paper — that thing that makes our holiday gifts look so festive — has a landfill problem. If it’s shiny, metallic, or glitter-encrusted (闪闪发光的), it’s not recyclable. And even recycled paper isn’t guaranteed to actually get recycled. But there’s an alternative, eco-friendlier option that some are turning to this holiday season: the Japanese art of wrapping packages in cloth, known as furoshiki. Furoshiki refers to both the square cloth itself and the wrapping technique. The practice dates back hundreds of years, when people started using cloth bundles to carry items to and from public baths. Eventually, it evolved into a wrapping art form. People don’t just wrap presents with the cloth, but an endless number of small items like boxes, fruit, and books. When it was used to wrap gifts, Tsukada Simonian says traditionally, the furoshiki cloth would be returned to the gift giver to be used again and again. The tradition went out of fashion as paper and plastic substitutes took off in the post World War II period. It’s something “you would see at grandma’s house”, says Tomoko Dyen, who teaches furoshiki wrapping technique in Los Angeles. But recently, she says, it’s been regaining popularity. As more tourists have learned about it while visiting Japan, Dye n says it’s encouraged the next generation to “learn more about ourselves”. Furoshiki doesn’t necessarily require specific furoshiki cloth, says Vander Steur. She stocks the museum store with imported Japanese furoshiki cloth including patterns with flowers, cats, and otters, but she says any piece of fabric, even old clothes, can work. Some of the learners showed up specifically hoping to learn furoshiki for holiday wrapping. But some say they walked away hoping to use it for much more. Kristan Delatori attended with the plan to wrap her holiday gifts this way — but now she says she’ll bring furoshiki with her when she runs quick errands (差事). “Being able to put a couple of these into my bag and always having something when I go to the grocery store or go shopping,” says Delatori. “I’m really excited.” 1．What can we learn about furoshiki from the first two paragraphs? A．It was initially used to carry items when people took baths. B．It would be sent as a part of the gift to the receivers for use. C．It looks more festive than wrapping paper and metallic wrappers. D．It refers to the square cloth itself that is only used to wrap presents. 2．What contributes to the revival of furoshiki in recent years? A．The effort of the last generation. B．The attention from more visitors. C．The unique charm of furoshiki itself. D．The support of the local government. 3．Which word best describes Kristan Delatori’s attitude to furoshiki? A．Conservative. B．Unclear. C．Skeptical. D．Favorable. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Japan: A Nation with Various Traditional Art Forms B．Furoshiki: The Very Thing Bearing the Lost Memory C．Furoshiki: An Eco-Friendlier Choice for Holiday Wrapping D．Wrapping Paper: A Recyclable Material Gaining Popularity 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了更环保的布包装艺术furoshiki。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Furoshiki refers to both the square cloth itself and the wrapping technique. The practice dates back hundreds of years, when people started using cloth bundles to carry items to and from public baths. (furoshiki指的是方形布料本身和包裹技术。这种做法可以追溯到几百年前，当时人们开始用布包携带物品进出公共浴室。)”可知，它最初是人们洗澡时用来携带物品的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But recently, she says, it’s been regaining popularity. As more tourists have learned about it while visiting Japan, Dyen says it’s encouraged the next generation to “learn more about ourselves”. (但最近，她说，它又开始流行起来。随着越来越多的游客在访问日本时了解到它，Dyen说这鼓励了下一代“更多地了解我们自己”。)”可知，近年来，越来越多的游客的关注有助于furoshiki的复兴。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Being able to put a couple of these into my bag and always having something when I go to the grocery store or go shopping,” says Delatori. “I’m really excited.” (我可以在包里放几个这样的东西，当我去杂货店或去购物的时候，我总是有一些东西，Delator说。我真的很兴奋。)”可知，Kristan Delatori对furroshiki的态度是赞成的。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But there’s an alternative, eco-friendlier option that some are turning to this holiday season: the Japanese art of wrapping packages in cloth, known as furoshiki. (但在这个假期，有些人选择了另一种更环保的选择：日本的布包装艺术，被称为furoshiki。)”及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了更环保的布包装艺术。C项符合主题，故选C。 【11】（24-25高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习）A strange sound called “biotwang” was first heard bouncing around the Mariana Trench 10 years ago, and scientists have finally figured out where it comes from. Recorded by microphones deep in the ocean, the unexplained sound — a low, loud moan (哼声) followed by a mechanical echo, like a frog burping (打嗝) in space — thundered through a computer speaker about a decade ago. Confused researchers called it the “biotwang”. “You’ve got this low-frequency portion, like a moan,” says Lauren Harrell, a data scientist at Google Research’s AI for Social Good, adding her own impression of a hearty sigh. “Then you have the higher-frequency component that sounds, to me, like an outer planet spacecraft — the ‘bip boo, bip boo’ sound.” Confirming which marine animal makes a strange noise isn’t easy, though: it requires a person on a boat to see and identify the source at exactly the same time the sound is heard. “It takes a lot of time, a lot of effort and a fair amount of luck,” Allen says. An international team headed by Allen, marine biologist from Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, and Harrell conducted a collaborative research in 2020. While surveying whales off the Mariana Islands, Allen and other researchers saw a mysterious species called the Bryde’s whale 10 times. These whales are spread out far across the huge open ocean, so it’s hard for scientists to observe or study them. On nine of the occasions that Bryde’s whales turned up, the researchers also heard the biotwang. “Once, it’s a coincidence,” Allen says. “Twice is happenstance. Nine times, it’s definitely a Bryde’s whale.” After identifying the source, they reviewed years of audio data from underwater hydrophones to find out where this specific whale sound had previously been heard. “Once scientists know where and when these whales travel,” Harrell says, “AI models could connect that data to climate and environmental factors and thus support protection efforts.” The technology isn’t perfect, though. “These algorithms (算法) can only search for a frequency they know,” says Harrell. “The Bryde’s whale vocalizations change over time and between populations. But because the tools are open-source, other scientists can use them to discover more about whale language. We seem to be so disconnected from, or simply have no access to this amazing underwater world of sound,” he says. “I think it’s about time that we change that.” 1．Why is it difficult to identify the source of biotwang? A．Because years of audio data need to be analyzed. B．Because enough time and a right moment are a must. C．Because researchers lack a knowledge of marine animals. D．Because biotwang alternates with low and high frequency 2．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Who solved the biotwang mystery. B．When the Bryde’s whale usually appeared. C．How the source of biotwang was determined. D．Why the Bryde’s whale was difficult to observe. 3．What is Harrell’s attitude toward their team’s discovery? A．Ambiguous. B．Objective. C．Unconcerned. D．Disapproving. 4．What can be the suitable title for the passage? A．Mystery of Biotwang Finally Solved B．AI Algorithms Applied in Biotwang Research C．Singer of the Deep Ocean — Bryde’s Whale D．Protection of the Deep Ocean — A Long Way to Go 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家经过长时间的研究，终于揭开了“biotwang”这一深海神秘声音的来源。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段“Confirming which marine animal makes a strange noise isn’t easy, though: it requires a person on a boat to see and identify the source at exactly the same time the sound is heard. “It takes a lot of time, a lot of effort and a fair amount of luck,” Allen says.(不过，确认哪种海洋动物会发出奇怪的声音并不容易:这需要一个人在听到声音的同时，在船上看到并识别出声音的来源。“这需要很多时间，很多努力和相当多的运气，”艾伦说)”可知，很难确定生物噪音的来源是因为足够的时间和合适的时机是必须的。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第五段“An international team headed by Allen, marine biologist from Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, and Harrell conducted a collaborative research in 2020. While surveying whales off the Mariana Islands, Allen and other researchers saw a mysterious species called the Bryde’s whale 10 times. These whales are spread out far across the huge open ocean, so it’s hard for scientists to observe or study them. On nine of the occasions that Bryde’s whales turned up, the researchers also heard the biotwang. “Once, it’s a coincidence,” Allen says. “Twice is happenstance. Nine times, it’s definitely a Bryde’s whale.”(2020年，由苏黎世瑞士联邦理工学院海洋生物学家艾伦和哈雷尔领导的国际团队进行了一项合作研究。在对马里亚纳群岛附近的鲸鱼进行调查时，艾伦和其他研究人员10次看到了一种名为布莱德鲸的神秘物种。这些鲸鱼分布在广阔的海洋中，所以科学家很难观察或研究它们。在布莱德鲸出现的9次场合中，研究人员也听到了生物鼻音。“曾经，这是一个巧合，”艾伦说。“两次是偶然。九次，肯定是布氏鲸。”)”可知，本段主要讲的是科学家是如何确定biotwang的来源的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The technology isn’t perfect, though. “These algorithms (算法) can only search for a frequency they know,” says Harrell. “The Bryde’s whale vocalizations change over time and between populations. But because the tools are open-source, other scientists can use them to discover more about whale language. We seem to be so disconnected from, or simply have no access to this amazing underwater world of sound,” he says. “I think it’s about time that we change that.”(不过，这项技术并不完美。“这些算法只能搜索它们知道的频率，”哈雷尔说。“布莱德鲸的叫声会随着时间和种群的不同而变化。但由于这些工具是开源的，其他科学家可以使用它们来发现更多关于鲸鱼语言的信息。我们似乎与这个令人惊叹的水下声音世界如此脱节，或者根本无法进入，”他说。“我认为是时候改变这种状况了。”)”可知，Harrell既看到了技术的不足，也看到了其未来的潜力，所以他对他们团队的发现持客观的态度。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A strange sound called “biotwang” was first heard bouncing around the Mariana Trench 10 years ago, and scientists have finally figured out where it comes from.(10年前，一种被称为“biotwang”的奇怪声音首次在马里亚纳海沟附近被听到，科学家们终于弄清楚了它的来源)”结合本文主要讲的是科学家经过长时间的研究，终于揭开了“biotwang”这一深海神秘声音的来源，故A选项“Biotwang之谜终于解开”可以作为本文标题，故选A。 【12】（24-25高三上·湖北·期中）In a recent study examining the symbiotic relationship between honey hunters and the greater honeyguide in Africa, it was found that this ancient partnership is on the brink of extinction. Searching for wild honey is a tricky business. Bee nests are hard to find, and their inhabitants move in a large group and sting to defend themselves. But in a rare and millennia-old collaboration, honey hunters in Africa get help finding bees’ nests from a small brown bird called the greater honeyguide. The honeyguide leads the honey hunter to a nest, typically hidden in the branches or hollows of a tree, and then the honey hunter uses smoke or tools to control the bees and scoop out the honey. As a reward, the bird gets the beeswax. Collaborations like these between humans and wild animals are extremely rare, with only a few examples documented around the world, And those we know of are fast disappearing. Once widespread across the continent, honey hunting with honeyguides is now practiced by just a few ethnic groups in East Africa, particularly in rural areas of Mozambique, Tanzania, and Kenya. But the relationship is endangered now. When it comes to honeyguides and honey hunters, economics, land use changes, population growth, and other factors also are factors. The rise of beekeeping and cheap, easily available alternative sweeteners have caused demand for wild honey to drop, according to Wood, the researcher. “And wild areas that can support bee colonies are increasingly put off limits to the local communities, so people are getting shut out from their traditional foraging areas,” he says. Lastly, the knowledge so essential to cooperative hunting, fishing, and foraging is disappearing as new generations keep away from the labor-intensive practices and rural livelihoods altogether. Losing these traditions has consequences far beyond the local communities that practice them, researchers say. “There is something almost mythical about being led through the woods by a wild animal, by a bird,” Wood says. “It gives us a glimpse of a completely different kind of relationship between humans and other species, and a recognition of wider possibilities for how humans can make their way in the world.” 1．How does the greater honeyguide assist honey hunters? A．By scaring away dangerous bees. B．By cooperating on making tools. C．By gathering honey from flowers. D．By locating the hidden bee nests. 2．What has contributed to the decline in wild honey demand? A．Stable land use practices. B．Slowing population growth trends. C．The expansion of beekeeping. D．The desperate need of balanced diet. 3．What effect might the disappearance of cooperative hunting traditions have? A．A new perspective of humans’ survival. B．Limited access to honey as a food source. C．Less interaction with the local communities. D．Much reliance on modern technology for hunting. 4．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Disappearing Art of Honey Hunting with Honeyguides. B．The Necessity of Coexistence between Humans and Bees. C．The Future of Cooperative Searching for Honey Practices. D．The Relationship of Economic Changes and Honey Demand. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了受经济变化、土地利用变化和野生蜂蜜需求下降的威胁，非洲的采蜜传统濒临灭绝。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The honeyguide leads the honey hunter to a nest, typically hidden in the branches or hollows of a tree, and then the honey hunter uses smoke or tools to control the bees and scoop out the honey. (响蜜䴕会把采蜜人带到一个巢穴，通常藏在树枝或树洞里，然后采蜜人用烟或工具控制蜜蜂，把蜂蜜挖出来。)”可知，响蜜䴕通过定位隐藏的蜂巢帮助蜂蜜猎人。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The rise of beekeeping and cheap, easily available alternative sweeteners have caused demand for wild honey to drop, according to Wood, the researcher. (据研究人员伍德说，养蜂业的兴起和廉价、容易获得的替代甜味剂导致了对野生蜂蜜的需求下降。)”可知，养蜂业的扩张是导致野生蜂蜜需求下降的原因之一。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Losing these traditions has consequences far beyond the local communities that practice them, researchers say. “There is something almost mythical about being led through the woods by a wild animal, by a bird,” Wood says. “It gives us a glimpse of a completely different kind of relationship between humans and other species, and a recognition of wider possibilities for how humans can make their way in the world.” (研究人员说，失去这些传统的影响远远超出了实践这些传统的当地社区。伍德说：“被一只野兽或一只鸟带着穿过树林，这几乎是一种神话。”“它让我们瞥见了人类与其他物种之间完全不同的关系，并认识到人类如何在世界上取得成功的更广泛的可能性。”)”可知，合作狩猎传统的消失可能会产生的影响是：让人类对自己生存有新的思考和想法，即让人类思考生存的新视角。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“In a recent study examining the symbiotic relationship between honey hunters and the greater honeyguide in Africa, it was found that this ancient partnership is on the brink of extinction. (最近的一项研究调查了非洲采蜜者和更棒的响蜜䴕之间的共生关系，发现这种古老的伙伴关系正处于灭绝的边缘。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了受经济变化、土地利用变化和野生蜂蜜需求下降的威胁，非洲的采蜜传统濒临灭绝。选项A“The Disappearing Art of Honey Hunting with Honeyguides. (与响蜜䴕一起寻找蜂蜜的消失艺术。)”符合主题，故选A。 【13】（24-25高三上·河北·阶段练习）American literary giant Henry David Thoreau spent two years at Walden Pond, writing what would later be published as his book Walden. Now, nearly 180 years later, his writings are teaching us that the Walden Pond of 2024 isn’t the Walden Pond of then. It’s not uncommon to see people enjoying Walden Pond nowadays. Swimming, kayaking, and even field trips are common activities there. But a walk around Walden Pond is a walk through history. Boston University Professor Richard Primack is using that history to his advantage. Primack is a professor of plant ecology and part of a team of researchers studying climate change in Massachusetts. One of their most valuable pieces of data is Thoreau’s book. “Thoreau made these very detailed observations, libraries of his observations on flowering time, leafing out, bird arrival time, ice out times in Walden Pond. And so these scattered (零散的) tables are really what the basis is for building on our own set of observations,” said Primack. The data paints a clear picture that winters are shorter, and springs are coming earlier. “Climate change is affecting Concord, Massachusetts,” said Primack. “Wildflowers are flowering about 10 days earlier. Trees are leafing out 14 days earlier. Trees are somewhat more responsive wildflowers.” But perhaps the most concerning isn’t what we see, but rather what we don’t. “When we started to look at the flowering times of plants, we kept encountering wildflower species that we couldn’t find or that were extremely rare.” said Primack. Wildflowers like fringed orchids or ladyslipper orchids were written about by Thoreau, but Primack’s team couldn’t find any sign of them. The species that had gone locally extinct were the cold-loving, northern wildflowers, while the species that tended to be persistent were the warm-loving, southern species. When asked by WB if Thoreau should be revered in scientific circles the same way he’s revered in literature, Primack was absolute. “He should be. In Thoreau’s time and the decades after, people criticized him that he’s not a good scientist. We now know that was completely wrong. Thoreau was, in fact, a very accurate scientist,” he added. 1．Why do climate scientists turn to Thoreau’s book? A．It details natural event timings. B．It records Walden Pond’s history. C．It reveals Concord’s ecosystem insights. D．It documents the popularity of Walden Pond. 2．What research finding concerns Primack’s team most? A．The delay in leafing out of trees. B．The earlier arrival of spring in Concord. C．The extinction of some wildflower species. D．The increase of warm-loving, southern plants. 3．What’s the Primack’s attitude towards Thoreau’s role as a scientist? A．Skeptical. B．Positive. C．Unclear. D．Opposed. 4．Which of the following can serve as the best title for the text? A．Walden Pond: A Modern Research Centre. B．Walden Pond: A Record Of Changing Seasons. C．Thoreau Comes To The Aid Of Climate Science. D．Thoreau’s Literary Significance: A Naturalist’s View. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过亨利·大卫·梭罗的观察记录来研究气候变化对马萨诸塞州康科德地区的影响。 1． 细节理解题。根据第三段““Thoreau made these very detailed observations, libraries of his observations on flowering time, leafing out, bird arrival time, ice out times in Walden Pond. And so these scattered tables are really what the basis is for building on our own set of observations,” said Primack.” (“梭罗进行了非常详细的观察，包括瓦尔登湖中植物的开花时间、长出叶子的时间、鸟类的到来时间以及湖面结冰和解冻的时间。这些零散的数据表格是我们建立自己观察数据的基础。”普里马克说)”可知，梭罗书中记载了瓦尔登湖中植物的开花时间、长出叶子的时间、鸟类的到来时间以及湖面结冰和解冻的时间。所以梭罗的书籍提供了关于自然事件时间的重要信息。故选A。 2． 细节理解题。根据第五段“But perhaps the most concerning isn’t what we see, but rather what we don’t. “When we started to look at the flowering times of plants, we kept encountering wildflower species that we couldn’t find or that were extremely rare.” said Primack. Wildflowers like fringed orchids or ladyslipper orchids were written about by Thoreau, but Primack’s team couldn’t find any sign of them. (但或许最令人担忧的不是我们所见到的变化，而是那些我们见不到的东西。“当我们开始研究植物的开花时间时，我们不断遇到一些我们找不到或者极其罕见的野花种类。”普里马克说道。像缘唇兰或兜兰这样的野花曾在梭罗的著作中被提及，但普里马克的团队却没有找到它们的任何踪迹)”可知，最令人担忧的不是他的团队所见到的变化，而是那些他们见不到的东西，他们不断遇到一些他们找不到或者极其罕见的野花种类。所以，团队最担心的是某些野花物种的消失。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““He should be. In Thoreau’s time and the decades after, people criticized him that he’s not a good scientist. We now know that was completely wrong. Thoreau was, in fact, a very accurate scientist,” he added. (“他应当受到这样的尊敬。在梭罗的那个时代以及之后的几十年里，人们批评他不是一个好的科学家。我们现在知道那种看法是完全错误的。事实上，梭罗是一位非常精确的科学家。”他补充道)”可知，普里马克认为梭罗应当受到尊敬，索罗是一位非常精确的科学家，所以他对梭罗的科学工作评价很高，持积极态度。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Boston University Professor Richard Primack is using that history to his advantage. Primack is a professor of plant ecology and part of a team of researchers studying climate change in Massachusetts. One of their most valuable pieces of data is Thoreau’s book. (波士顿大学教授理查德·普里马克正利用这段历史为自己的研究服务。普里马克是植物生态学教授，也是研究马萨诸塞州气候变化的一个研究团队的成员。他们最有价值的数据来源之一就是梭罗的书)”可知，文章主要讨论了梭罗的观察记录如何被用于当代气候科学研究。故选C。 【14】（24-25高三上·广东深圳·阶段练习）Superhuman artificial intelligence has played a role in our life. When it comes to playing games like chess, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of humans. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. We are blessed with a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life — to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball — we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds. In psychology, the ability to infer another’s mental state is referred to as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity develops at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks  whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. Besides, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think. But we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI,  plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen.But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves. 1．According to the passage, which of the following contexts can AI understand well? A．When asked where an object is, a naughty kid points in the wrong direction. B．When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework, he answers “my dog ate it”. C．When you are treated with a hotpot for dinner, you reply “a sore throat”. D．When a mom tells her kid milk is good for health, the kid drinks it up. 2．Which statement will the author agree with most about AI’s theory of mind? A．AI has already mastered the ability to read human minds. B．The development of AI’s theory of mind heavily relies on human’s understanding of it. C．AI’s theory of mind can appear naturally without any human intervention. D．AI’s theory of mind is superior to human’s in all forms. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward truly self-aware machines? A．Ambiguous. B．Conservative. C．Skeptical. D．Approving. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．AI’s Theory of Mind Will Define Our Future B．AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected C．AI’s Theory of Mind — a Blessing or Suffering to Humans D．Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI具备理论心智能力的挑战与发展。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段的“We are blessed with a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life — to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball — we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds.(我们拥有着一种神秘的能力，能够推断他人的目标、愿望和信念，这是一种至关重要的技能，意味着我们可以预判他人的行为以及自己行为的后果。如果AI要在日常生活中真正发挥作用——有效地与我们合作，或者理解到一个孩子可能会追着弹跳的球跑上马路——我们必须赋予它们这种进化赋予我们的能力：解读他人的心思。)”可知，AI不具备人类推理出他人的目标、欲望和信念的能力，无法解读人类的心思。由此可推知，“当妈妈告诉孩子牛奶对健康有益时，孩子就把它喝光了”不涉及推理，AI可以轻松理解。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. (心理学家将推断他人精神状态的能力称为心理理论。在人类中，这种能力在很小的时候就开始发展。然而，如何在机器中复制这种能力还远不清楚。主要挑战之一是语境问题)”和第四段的“Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think.(将先验知识构建到人工智能中，使其依赖于我们对心理理论的不完美理解。此外，人工智能可能能够开发出我们永远无法想象的方法。我们可能不知道许多形式的心理理论，仅仅是因为我们生活在一个具有某些类型的感官和某种思考能力的人体中)”可知，人类在一定程度上限制了AI的思维理论，作者最有可能同意“人工智能心理理论的发展在很大程度上依赖于人类对心理理论的理解”这个观点。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“But we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind.(但我们可能仍然希望人工智能有一种更像人类的心理理论形式)”以及最后一段的“It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research:building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen.But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves.(这也是通往AI和机器人研究更深层次目标的垫脚石：构建真正具有自我意识的机器。我们是否能够最终实现这一目标还有待观察。但在这一过程中，思考其他人和其他代理，实际上我们在学习如何更好地认识自己)”可推知，作者支持开发具有心智理论的AI，期待建造真正有自我意识的机器。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Superhuman artificial intelligence has played a role in our life. When it comes to playing   games like chess, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of humans. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading.(超人类的人工智能已经在我们的生活中发挥了作用。当涉及到下象棋这样的游戏，或是解决预测蛋白质结构等复杂的科学难题时，计算机已经远远领先于人类。但是，我们拥有一种它们还远未掌握的超能力：读心术)”以及最后一段的“It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research:building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen.But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves.(这同时也是通往AI和机器人研究更深层次目标的一步：构建真正具有自我意识的机器。我们是否能够最终达到这一目标还有待观察。但在这一过程中，通过思考其他人和其他代理，我们也在学习如何更好地认识自己)”可知，文章主要探讨了超人人工智能虽在特定任务上超越人类，但在理解他人意图方面仍显不足，强调了为AI赋予类似人类的“心智理论”能力的重要性及其挑战。所以“人工智能有望拥有自己的心智理论”适合作本文的标题。故选B。 【15】（24-25高三上·四川雅安·阶段练习）Body Mass Index, or BMI, is a medical tool to compare your height to your weight. Doctors have used it for a long time to see if people have a healthy weight. But some people don’t like it because it can say they are too heavy or really heavy when they don’t feel that way. A strong lady who plays rugby in the Olympics, Ilona Maher, has a BMI of 30, which some people might say is almost too heavy. But she said that she’s going to the Olympics and they are not. Some researchers say that the way we calculate BMI is old and not fair mainly because it was made a long time ago using mostly white men’s data. It wasn’t meant to be used to check everyone’s health. Even doctors say BMI isn’t perfect. It doesn’t look at how different people’s bodies can be, like if they have more muscles or fat in certain places. Now, there’s a new way to measure body shape called the Body Roundness Index, or BRI. It looks at how round you are by using your height and waist size, not your weight. This might be a better way to see if you have too much fat around your middle, which can lead to health problems like diabetes and heart disease. Unlike fat on your thighs (大腿), this fat is more risky. Dr. Niu says that when we use BMI, it might say that strong athletes are at more risk than they really are, but it might not show that older people with less muscle and more fat are at risk. Doctors agree that BMI is not very detailed and doesn’t show how different our bodies can be in shape, what we’re made of, how much muscle we have, and how dense (密度大的) our bones are. 1．What is BMI used to do? A．Compare roundness. B．Compare weight. C．Compare height to waist size. D．Compare height to weight. 2．What is a main disadvantage of BMI according to paragraph 3? A．It is too complex for practical use. B．It fails to consider height and weight. C．It is not suitable for all people due to its data. D．It stresses the importance of waist size too much. 3．What can be inferred about BRI from the passage? A．It is also not very detailed. B．It will completely replace BMI. C．It is mainly designed for athletes. D．It offers a better way to see health risks. 4．Which of the following titles best suits the passage? A．How to keep healthy? B．Time to say goodbye to BMI? C．The Outdated Medical Tools D．A Battle between BMI and BRI 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是BMI及使用BMI的不足之处，并引出了新的BRI方式来评估健康风险。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Body Mass Index, or BMI, is a medical tool to compare your height to your weight.(身体质量指数（BMI）是一种比较身高和体重的医疗工具)”可知，BMI指标被用来比较身高和体重。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Some researchers say that the way we calculate BMI is old and not fair mainly because it was made a long time ago using mostly white men’s data. It wasn’t meant to be used to check everyone’s health. Even doctors say BMI isn’t perfect. It doesn’t look at how different people’s bodies can be, like if they have more muscles or fat in certain places.(一些研究人员说，我们计算BMI的方法过时了，而且不公平，主要是因为它是很久以前使用的主要是白人男性的数据。它不是用来检查每个人的健康状况的。就连医生也说BMI并不完美。它不考虑人们的身体有多么不同，比如他们是否在某些地方有更多的肌肉或脂肪)”可知，BMI的主要的缺点在于它的数据并不适合所有人。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Now, there’s a new way to measure body shape called the Body Roundness Index, or BRI. It looks at how round you are by using your height and waist size, not your weight. This might be a better way to see if you have too much fat around your middle, which can lead to health problems like diabetes and heart disease.(现在，有一种新的测量身体形状的方法，叫做身体圆度指数（BRI）。它根据你的身高和腰围来判断你的圆度，而不是你的体重。这可能是一个更好的方法，看看你的腰部是否有太多的脂肪，这可能会导致糖尿病和心脏病等健康问题)”可推知，BRI提供了一个更好的方式来观察健康风险。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Doctors agree that BMI is not very detailed and doesn’t show how different our bodies can be in shape, what we’re made of, how much muscle we have, and how dense (密度大的) our bones are.(医生们一致认为，BMI不是很详细，不能显示我们的身体在形状上有多么不同，我们是由什么组成的，我们有多少肌肉，以及我们的骨骼有多致密)”及上文内容可知，本文介绍了什么是BMI及使用BMI的不足之处，并引出了新的BRI方式来评估健康风险。由此可知，B选项“是时候和BMI说再见了？”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。 【16】（24-25高三上·湖南·阶段练习）Power often boosts an employee’s creativity because being powerful liberates the individual from restrictions. However, new research shows that employees who are not in position s of power can become more creative when given time to “warm up” by engaging in the creative tasks more than once. “This is important because when people with more power are able to express their creative ideas more than those with less power, it leads to rich-get-richer dynamics that strengthen these power imbalances,” said Brian Lucas, an assistant professor at Cornell University. “Understanding ways to boost the creativity of lower-power workers can help them find the right way to deal with this low-power disadvantage,” Lucas said. Lucas and his colleagues conducted three studies to reach their conclusion. In the first study, they divided the creative idea generation session into two rounds: a one-minute “warm-up” followed by a second round in which the participants could take as long as they wanted. Participants were randomly assigned to a high-power condition or a low-power condition, and feelings of power were generated with a role manipulation (操纵) where participants were given a leadership role with control over resources (high power) or an employee role with no control over resources (low power). The study found that high-power individuals were more creative than low-power individuals in the warm-up round. There was no difference, though, in creativity in the second round. In the second study, the researchers gave them a different creative task and increased the number of rounds from two to five, participants taking as long as they like to complete the task. Consistent with the first study, the study found that high-power individuals were more creative than low-power individuals in the first round. But the creativity of low-power individuals caught up with the creativity of the high-power individuals after the first round. Results of the third study demonstrated that a different creativity task can also warm up low-power people for an unrelated creativity task. “Given the high value of creative ideas for organizations, it is vital to develop approaches that empower all employees to tap their creative potential,” Lucas said. “The low-power warm-up effect suggests a simple intervention that empowers all employees to tap their creative potential and overcomes power imbalances in the workplace: when pursuing creative work, let employees warm up first.” 1．Why does Lucas think it important to boost the creativity of lower-power workers? A．It maintains power imbalances. B．It motivates their ambition to catch up. C．It creates a competitive work environment. D．It encourages a workplace with more equality. 2．How did Lucas and his co-authors stimulate feelings of power in the participants? A．Through a creative task with time limits. B．Through providing them with different positions. C．Through a competition between leaders and employees. D．Through assigning them to different conditions intentionally. 3．What can describe the relationship between power and creativity according to the studies? A．It’s fixed. B．It’s dynamic. C．It’s unpredictable. D．It’s irrelevant. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Higher power contributes to more creativity B．Changing tasks boosts all the employees’ creativity C．“Warm-up time” bridges creativity imbalances D．Low-power individuals outperform the high-power ones 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍新的研究表明，没有权力的员工在多次参与创造性任务后，也能提高创造力。研究还发现，让员工先“热身”可以克服职场中的权力不平衡，激发所有员工的创造力。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中Lucas的话“This is important because when people with more power are able to express their creative ideas more than those with less power, it leads to rich-get-richer dynamics that strengthen these power imbalances (这一点很重要，因为当拥有更多权力的人能够比那些权力较小的人更多地表达他们的创造性想法时，就会导致富人更富的动态，从而加剧这种权力不平衡)”和“Understanding ways to boost the creativity of lower-power workers can help them find the right way to deal with this low-power disadvantage (了解如何提高低权力员工的创造力，可以帮助他们找到应对这种低权力劣势的正确方法)”可推知，卢卡斯认为提高低权力员工的创造力可以帮助他们应对这种低权力的劣势，即有助于找到应对权力不平衡的正确方法，从而鼓励一个更加平等的工作场所。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Participants were randomly assigned to a high-power condition or a low-power condition, and feelings of power were generated with a role manipulation where participants were given a leadership role with control over resources (high power) or an employee role with no control over resources (low power). (参与者被随机分配到高权力环境或低权力环境中，并通过角色操纵产生权力感，在那里参与者被赋予控制资源的领导角色(高权力)或不控制资源的员工角色(低权力)。)”可知，在第一项研究中，通过给参与者分配不同的角色，让他们在不同的条件下工作，从而感受到权力，因此参与者的权力感是通过给予不同的角色（leadership 或 employee role）来产生的。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The study found that high-power individuals were more creative than low-power individuals in the warm-up round. There was no difference, though, in creativity in the second round.(研究发现，在热身赛中，权力大的人比权力小的人更有创造力。不过，在第二轮比赛中，创造力没有差异)”和第四段中“Consistent with the first study, the study found that high-power individuals were more creative than low-power individuals in the first round. But the creativity of low-power individuals caught up with the creativity of the high-power individuals after the first round.(与第一项研究一致，研究发现，在第一轮比赛中，权力大的人比权力小的人更有创造力。但在第一轮之后，权力小的人的创造力赶上了权力大的人)”可知，在第一轮比赛中，权力大的人比权力小的人更有创造力，但在第一轮之后，权力小的人的创造力赶上了权力大的人，说明权力和创造力的关系是动态的。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, new research shows that employees who are not in position s of power can become more creative when given time to “warm up” by engaging in the creative tasks more than once. (然而，新的研究表明，如果给那些没有权力的员工时间，通过多次参与创造性任务来“热身”，他们会变得更有创造力。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍研究发现，一般情况下，职位高的员工比职位低的员工更具有创造力，但是热身环节可以激发职位低的员工的创造力，从而创造一个更加公平的工作环境, 所以选择项C“‘热身时间’弥补了创造力的不平衡”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C项。 【17】（24-25高三上·河北邢台·期中）Monarch butterflies (帝王蝶), with their striking orange and black wings, are some of the most recognizable butterflies in North America. But they’re in trouble. Monarch caterpillars (幼虫) can only eat the leaves of milkweed, a native wildflower. As milkweed has disappeared, so the monarchs have got to the point that they’re at risk of extinction. Research shows that planting milkweed in home gardens can add significant monarch habitat to the landscape. In a new study in the journal Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, researchers and community scientists monitored urban milkweed plants for butterfly eggs to learn what makes these city gardens more hospitable to monarchs. They found that even tiny city gardens attracted monarchs and became a home to caterpillars. Monarch butterflies have one of the most unusual and demanding migration patterns of any insect. The eastern population of monarchs starts the year in Mexico, and they move up across North America in the spring and summer. “As they travel, they lay their eggs, and when those adults die, the next generation continues the migration northward. They will make it all the way to southern Canada, and at the end of summer, a new super generation is born that migrates all the way south and survives through the winter. Since it takes multiple generations of milkweed- eating caterpillars to get the monarch population from Mexico to Canada each year, the monarchs rely on milkweed plants throughout their migration path,” says Klinger, the study’s lead author and a Geographic Information Systems analyst in the Keller Science Action Center. Klinger and his colleague worked with volunteers around Chicagoland to monitor milkweed plants in their yards and neighborhoods for monarch butterflies laying their eggs on the plants and caterpillars eating the milkweed leaves. “We wanted to answer the question: How well do these urban milkweed gardens actually support monarch butterflies? Everybody always wants to know: What should we plant? What species of milkweed, how many plants, how big of a garden? There are so many questions to answer, so we were hoping that we could use this project and the data from it to start answering those questions,” says Klinger. 1．What does the underlined word “hospitable” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Critical. B．Welcoming. C．Efficient. D．Abnormal. 2．Why does the author mention the demanding migration pattern of monarch butterflies? A．To explain how the butterflies try to reproduce. B．To prove what a difficult life the butterflies live. C．To find the best migration routes for the butterflies. D．To show why milkweed is important to the butterflies. 3．What do the researchers hope to learn from their project? A．Best planting strategies. B．Caterpillar growth rates. C．Milkweed diseases. D．Substitutes for milkweed. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Scientists raised a series of questions on planting milkweed B．Monarch caterpillars only eat the leaves of milkweed C．Planting milkweed can help save monarch butterflies D．Monarch butterflies have the most demanding migration patterns 【答案】2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明，在家庭花园种植马利筋可以为景观增加重要的帝王蝶栖息地。 1．词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“In a new study in the journal Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, researchers and community scientists monitored urban milkweed plants for butterfly eggs to learn what makes these city gardens…（在《生态与进化前沿》杂志上的一项新研究中，研究人员和社区科学家监测了城市马利筋植物中的蝴蝶卵，以了解是什么让这些城市花园……）”以及后一句“They found that even tiny city gardens attracted monarchs and became a home to caterpillars.( 他们发现，即使是很小的城市花园也会吸引帝王蝶，成为毛毛虫的家园。)”由此可知，此处为城市花园对花园更友好。故可猜测划线单词hospitable为“友好的，欢迎的”意思，结合选项B项Welcoming“欢迎的”意思一致。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中““As they travel, they lay their eggs, and when those adults die, the next generation continues the migration northward. They will make it all the way to southern Canada, and at the end of summer, a new super generation is born that migrates all the way south and survives through the winter. Since it takes multiple generations of milkweed- eating caterpillars to get the monarch population from Mexico to Canada each year, the monarchs rely on milkweed plants throughout their migration path,” says Klinger(“当它们旅行时，它们会产卵，当这些成年蝴蝶死后，下一代继续向北迁徙。它们会一路来到加拿大南部，夏末，新的超级一代出生，它们会一路向南迁徙，度过整个冬天。由于每年需要几代以马利筋为食的毛毛虫才能将黑脉金斑蝶从墨西哥运到加拿大，因此黑脉金斑蝶在整个迁徙过程中都依赖马利筋植物。)”可推知，作者提到了帝王蝶苛刻的迁徙模式是为了说明为什么马利筋对蝴蝶很重要。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段““We wanted to answer the question: How well do these urban milkweed gardens actually support monarch butterflies? Everybody always wants to know: What should we plant? What species of milkweed, how many plants, how big of a garden? There are so many questions to answer, so we were hoping that we could use this project and the data from it to start answering those questions,” says Klinger.(“我们想回答这个问题：这些城市马利筋花园实际上对帝王蝶的支持程度如何？”每个人都想知道：我们应该种什么？什么种类的马利筋，多少种植物，一个花园有多大？有很多问题需要回答，所以我们希望我们可以利用这个项目和它的数据来开始回答这些问题，”克林格说。)”可知，研究人员希望从他们的项目中了解最佳种植策略。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段中“Research shows that planting milkweed in home gardens can add significant monarch habitat to the landscape.( 研究表明，在家庭花园种植马利筋可以为景观增加重要的帝王蝶栖息地。)”可知，这篇文章主要讲的是研究表明，在家庭花园种植马利筋可以为景观增加重要的帝王蝶栖息地。故文章最好的标题是“种植马利筋可以帮助拯救帝王蝶”。故选C项。 【18】（24-25高三上·福建福州·阶段练习）Search engines, virtual worlds, the Internet — ever get the feeling you’re living in a science fiction fantasy? Well indeed you are. For more than a century, inventors have been driven to create what sci-fi writers have boldly imagined before. As a boy in India, Amit Singhal dreamed of space. “Those were my favorite times as a little child on a hot summer day, sitting in a room watching Star Trek,” he says. Singhal now works at Google, where he is in charge of maintaining Google’s search algorithms (算法). “But my main job is to dream about what searching would look like a few years from now,” he says. And what do those dreams look like? Singhal was fascinated by the way Star Trek characters simply talk to a computer to find out about almost anything, so now he’s working on Google’s voice-recognition search products. Singhal isn’t unique. Scratch the surface (作肤浅的探讨) of many inventors in Silicon Valley, and there’s a kid who loved science fiction underneath. “Teenagers read these things, they fall in love with the novel, they get inspired by the technology and they keep it in the back of their minds till they’re about 30, and then they build it,” technology forecaster (预言家) Paul Saffo says. The grandfather of science fiction is probably Jules Verne, whose novels have inspired whole generations of people. And ever since Verne, there’s been a long list of inventions that come from science fiction. Buck Rogers inspired a generation of scientists excited about space exploration. William Gibson dreamed up the Internet while writing Neuromancer on a manual typewriter. Neal Stephenson predicted virtual worlds in his novel Snow Crash. One of his readers Philip Rosedale, built the virtual world Second Life based on the “Metaverse” from the novel. Science fiction helps engineers see the meaning of their work, says Snow Crash author Stephenson. It makes it “possible for these people to see a realized vision of what all of their efforts could eventually lead to.” 1．What can we learn about Singhal? A．He has shown less enthusiasm for space. B．He has strongly criticized the movie Star Trek. C．He has dreamed of becoming a science fiction writer. D．He has been exploring future possibilities of search engines. 2．What does Saffo say about science fiction? A．It plants seeds of creativity in teenagers’ hearts. B．It helps readers understand real human issues. C．It fails to live up to its full potential. D．It should be based on scientific facts. 3．How is paragraph 4 mainly developed? A．By presenting writers’ achievements. B．By analyzing the reasons for technological progress. C．By making comparisons between fiction and reality. D．By giving examples of innovations driven by science fiction. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Jules Verne imagined the world ahead B．Science fiction inspires engineers to build our future C．Why teens are fascinated by science fiction D．Why science fiction writers are so good at predicting the future 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了科幻小说对科技发明和工程师们的启发作用，指出许多科技发明都源于科幻小说中的想象，科幻小说帮助工程师们看到他们工作的意义，并激励他们去实现这些想象。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Singhal was fascinated by the way Star Trek characters simply talk to a computer to find out about almost anything, so now he’s working on Google’s voice-recognition search products.(Singhal被《星际迷航》中的角色通过与电脑对话来了解几乎所有事情的方式所吸引，所以现在他正在开发谷歌的语音识别搜索产品)”可知，Singhal一直在探索搜索引擎未来的可能性。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段““Teenagers read these things, they fall in love with the novel, they get inspired by the technology and they keep it in the back of their minds till they’re about 30, and then they build it,” technology forecaster (预言家) Paul Saffo says.(“青少年阅读这些东西，他们爱上了小说，他们受到技术的启发，他们把它放在他们的脑海里，直到他们30岁左右，然后他们把它造出来，”技术预测师保罗·萨福说)”可知，萨福认为科幻小说在青少年的心中播下了创造力的种子。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The grandfather of science fiction is probably Jules Verne, whose novels have inspired whole generations of people. And ever since Verne, there’s been a long list of inventions that come from science fiction. Buck Rogers inspired a generation of scientists excited about space exploration. William Gibson dreamed up the Internet while writing Neuromancer on a manual typewriter. Neal Stephenson predicted virtual worlds in his novel Snow Crash. One of his readers Philip Rosedale, built the virtual world Second Life based on the “Metaverse” from the novel.(科幻小说的鼻祖可能是儒勒·凡尔纳，他的小说激励了整整几代人。自凡尔纳以来，有一长串的发明来自科幻小说。巴克·罗杰斯激励了一代对太空探索充满热情的科学家。威廉·吉布森在用手动打字机写《神经漫想者》时，曾设想过互联网。尼尔·斯蒂芬森在他的小说《雪崩》中预言了虚拟世界。他的一位读者菲利普·罗斯戴尔根据小说中的“虚拟世界”创建了虚拟世界“第二人生”)”可知，第4段主要是通过列举科幻小说推动的创新的例子展开。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Search engines, virtual worlds, the Internet — ever get the feeling you’re living in a science fiction fantasy? Well indeed you are. For more than a century, inventors have been driven to create what sci-fi writers have boldly imagined before.(搜索引擎、虚拟世界、互联网——你是否有过生活在科幻小说里的感觉？你确实是。一个多世纪以来，发明家们一直在创造科幻作家大胆想象的东西)”结合这篇文章主要讲述了科幻小说对科技发明和工程师们的启发作用，指出许多科技发明都源于科幻小说中的想象，科幻小说帮助工程师们看到他们工作的意义，并激励他们去实现这些想象。可知，B选项“科幻小说激励工程师创造我们的未来”最符合文章标题。故选B。 试卷第2页，共43页 34 / 34 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$