Unit4 Natural DIsasters Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 4 Natural Disaster Restrictive attributive Clause Discovering useful structures Learning objectives 1.To know the function of attributive clause. 2. To master the different usage of the relative pronouns. 3. To learn how to use restrictive attributive clauses to describe natural disasters. 形容词 名词 介词短语 非谓语动词 从句 (定语从句） She is a beautiful girl. Amy is a woman teacher. The girl in red is my sister. I have something to say. The boy making face is my son. Japan is a developed country. I like people who smiles a lot. 1定义：修饰名词或代词，常译为“的” 2什么可以做定语 什么是定语? 定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。表示...的，作用相当于形容词 I am curious about natural disasters. Hi, I'm Earth boy. I'm Earth boy is curious about natural disasters . who or let us have a guessing game Hurricane It is a strong wind which/that happens in the Western Atlantic Ocean. Flood It is a large amount of water which/that overflows into a city. Wildfire It is a huge fire which/that starts by itself in a wild area. Volcano It is a mountain whose mouth erupts gas, ash and hot rocks sometimes. Tornado It is a strong wind which/that moves in a circle. Tsunami It is a very large wave which/that is often caused by an earthquake under the sea. A plane is a machine which/that can fly. The girl that/ who/ whom/(省略) we saw yesterday is Mary. 主句 从句 从句从引导词开始，到句子结束。 从句 从句从引导词开始，到第二个谓语动词出现结束。 定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。表示...的，作用相当于形容词 13 关系词的作用 在复合句中被定语从句修饰、限定的名词或代词。 先行词 引导定语从句的词。 定语从句 (Attributive Clause) 关系词 定语从句分类 限制性定语从句 引导定语从句 代替先行词（避免重复） 在从句中充当一个成分 关系代词：who, which, that, whose, whom, 关系副词：when, where, why 非限制性定语从句 定语从句 14 1. Hi, I'm Earth boy who is curious about natural disasters. 2.Hurricane is a strong wind which/that happens in the Western Atlantic Ocean. 3. Flood is a large amount of water which/that overflows into a city. 4.Wildfire is a fire which/that starts by itself in a wild area. 5. Volcano is a mountain whose mouth erupts gas, ash and hot rocks sometimes. 6. Tornado is a strong wind which/that moves in a circle. 7. Tsunami is a very large wave which/that is often caused by an earthquake under the sea. Restrictive attributive clause is used to give information about people or things. Observe the rule A big earthquake shook our neighboring(邻近的) city! What can we do to help them? 1.Come to rescue If we were soldiers, we can dig out the people. The people were buried. If we were soldiers , we can dig out the people who/that were buried. What can we do to help them? 1.Come to rescue If we were workers, we can build shelters for the people. The people were homeless. If we were workers , we can build shelters for the people who/that were homeless. What can we do to help them? 1.Come to rescue If we were doctors, we can take care of the people. The people were badly injured. If we were doctors, we can take care of the people who/that were badly injured. What can we do to help them? 1.Come to rescue He is an eight-year-old boy. The doctor is taking care of him. He is an eight-year-old boy whom the doctor is taking care of. What can we do to help them? 1.Come to rescue She is a high school student . The soldiers is digging her out. She is a high school student whom the soldiers is digging out. What can we do to help them? 2.Make donations We can donate money. Money can help people rebuilt their home. We can donate money which/that can help people rebuilt their home. What can we do to help them? 2.Make donations We can donate clothes. Clothes can protect people from the cold. We can donate clothes which/that protect people from the cold. What can we do to help them? 2.Make donations We can donate food. Food can fill people with strength. We can donate food which/that can fill people with strength. What can we do to help them? 3.Comfort the survivors We can comfort the children. The children’s parents were died in the earthquake. We can comfort the children whose parents were died in the earthquake. What can we do to help them? 3.Comfort the survivors We can comfort the victims(受难者). The victims’ houses were totally destroyed. We can comfort the victims whose houses were totally destroyed. What can we do to help them? 3.Comfort the survivors We can comfort the man. The man’s head was hurt in the earthquake. We can comfort the man whose head was hurt in the earthquake. 1. 先行词是人时，在句中_________________；关系代词用_________________。 2. 先行词是物时，用关系代词____________，在从句中作_____________。 3. whose 在从句中作_______，既可以指人，意为“________________”；也可以指物，意为“___________”。 4. 关系代词that, who, whom, which 在定语从句中作_______时可以省略。 作主语或宾语 that / who (whom) that / which 主语或宾语 定语 某(些)人的…… 某物的…… 宾语 Summarize the rules 如何选择关系词？ Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 识别定从，找到先行词 判断先行词代指人还是物 判断从句中缺少什么成分 选定恰当的关系词 口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物 后看从句里, 有无主宾语 This is the college ________________ I visited three years ago. 先行词 定语从句 the college 在从句充当宾语 先行词指物，作宾语，用that/which/不填 The injured boy was sent to hospital. His mother was lost in the disaster. The injured boy was sent to hospital whose mother was lost in the disaster. Love is the power. Love gives people hope and gets them out of disasters. Love is the power which/that gives people hope and gets them out of disasters. Presentation:Learn about Restrictive Relative Clause Find more sentences with restrictive relative clauses from the text on page 50.(讨论翻译） ①There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. ②..., one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing. ③Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. ④The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. ⑤Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. ⑥Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Summary 关系代词 指人 指物 作主语 作宾语 作定语 that √ √ √ √ which √ √ √ who √ √ √ whom √ √ whose √ √ √ 1) Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 2) He was the only one that could help us at the moment. 3) The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twain. 当先行词是 anything, nothing, much, everything, all, few, any, little等不定代词时 当先行词被 all, every, the only, the very, few, little, no, some等修饰时 当先行词为序数词或形容词最高级，或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 Attention!!! 关系代词的选择（特殊情况） 只用that,不用which的情况： 35 4) He talked about the teachers and school that he visited. 当先行词既有人又有物时 Attention!!! 关系代词的选择（特殊情况） 宜用that,不用which的情况： 36 1) These books, which you can get at any corner of the town will give you all the information. 2) Those are many trees under which they can have a rest. Attention!!! 关系代词的选择（特殊情况） 只用which，不用that的情况： 1) 在非限制性定性定语从句中 2)关系代词前面出现介词时，指物只能用which，指人只能用whom 37 Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom,or"/". Then translate the sentences into Chinese.(P52) 1. Here are some of the people__________homes were destroyed. 2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people ___________ were asleep. 3. The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything _________ they could find. 4. Several days later, most of the buildings____________had been damaged by the huricane were repaired. whose who/that that/ / that/which 有些人的家园被台风摧毁了。 建筑物可怕的晃动惊醒了沉睡中的人们。 第二天，人们用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避难所。 几天后，大多数在飓风中被损坏的建筑物得到了修缮。 38 Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom,or"/". Then translate the sentences into Chinese. 5. The injured boy________ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital. 6. The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _______ she was rescued. 7. Is this the young boy _______ saved several other students trapped under buildings? whose whom who/that 那个在灾难中失去了母亲的受伤男孩被送去了医院。 这位女子给营救她的战士写了一封感谢信。 这就是那个从楼里救出了好几位被困学生的男孩吗？ 39 Work with a partner. Take turns to ask each other about the pictures. Make sentences with the restrictive relative clauses using that, which, who, whose or whom. A: What’s the rescue worker doing? B: She’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake. A: What are the soldiers doing? B: They are putting up the tents which are used as temporary shelters for the homeless in the earthquake. Self-evaluation Things I can do. Scores I understand the basic structure of attributive clauses. 5 4 3 2 1 I can identify relative pronouns (e.g., that, which, who) used in attributive clauses. 5 4 3 2 1 I can correctly use attributive clauses in written sentences. 5 4 3 2 1 I can recognize and interpret attributive clauses in reading materials. 5 4 3 2 1 I understand how attributive clauses can enhance my writing and speaking. 5 4 3 2 1 Write a short passage of 7 sentences to describe the rescue work after the natural disaster. At least 5 restrictive relative clauses must be used. Thank you $$