【春考特训课】第07讲：语法知识之非谓语动词---【决胜春考】2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（江苏专用）

第07讲 语法知识之非谓语动词 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 非谓语动词一直是高考的考查重点，主要包括：不定式、分词（现在分词和过去分词）、动名词。它们可以在句中充当主语、宾语、状语等。其中不定式、现在分词及动名词形式多样，结构复杂，内涵丰富，功能较多，最能体现英语独特的形式特征。命题者常透过非谓语动词的一些最基本的用法，巧妙地将考查要点进行情景化、复杂化处理，加大了考生对题干的理解难度。预测在未来的高考试题中，题目设置的角度也会呈现出多样化趋势，尤以非谓语动词间的相互干扰为重点。 【要点梳理】 考点一：谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 1. 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。如： Miss Mary teaches us English . 玛丽教我们英语。（teaches是谓语动词。） Mr Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. 维克托先生上周末来到了我们教室和我们谈话。（to have a talk不定式作状语） 2. 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。如： Tom likes the pop music. 汤姆喜欢流行音乐。（动词用第三人称单数形式） Tom has nothing to do today. 汤姆今天没有什么事要做。（do用原形） 考点二：非谓语动词的各种形式和应用 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。其动能和形式如下： 非谓语 功能 形式 动名词 具有名词功能，常在句中作主语，宾语 主动式 doing 被动式 being done 完成式 having done/having  been done 现在 分词 表主动和正在进行， 常在句中作定语， 状语，宾补 一般式 doing 完成式 having done 过去 分词 表被动和已完成，常在句中作定语，状语，补语 一般式 done 进行式 being done 完成式 having been done 动词 不定式 表将来具体某一次，常在句中作主语，定语，状语，补语，宾语等 一般式 to do/to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to  have done/to have been done · 不定式 ①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来） ②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来） ③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行） ④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成） ⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成） ⑥完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行） 例如： The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 老师让我们做早操。 The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。 She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时，她假装正在读书。 The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。 The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。 She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years. 据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。 · 动名词 ①基本形式：doing （表示主动） ②被动式：being done（表示被动） ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）  例如： Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future. 在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。 Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans. Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。 I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。 Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop. 很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。 · 现在分词 ①基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行） ②被动式：being done（表示被动和进行） ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）  He sat there，reading a newspaper.他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。 The area being studied may be rich in coal.这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。 Having finished my homework，I began to watch TV.完成作业后，我开始看电视。 Having been told many times，she still can t remember it.已经被告诉了很多次，她仍然记不住。 知识 1 ： 非谓语动词的复合结构 ①for sb.to do sth.（sb.是to do的逻辑主语） ②one's doing（one是doing的逻辑主语） 例如： For Tom to learn a foreign language is too difficult.相当于It is too difficult for Tom to learn a foreign language. 句意：对汤姆来说学习一门外语太难了。（Tom 是to learn a foreign language的逻辑主语。） 例如：Do you mind Tom's smoking? 句意：你介意汤姆吸烟吗？（Tom是smoking的逻辑主语。） · 过去分词：done 及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。 polluted river 被污染的河流 fallen leaves 落叶 注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。 考点三：考点归纳 · 不定式 1.不定式做主语： ①表示一次具体的情况：To say is one thing,to do is another. ②it 作为形式主语时，常见句型。 (1)It + be +adj + ( for sb) to do sth  ( adj 修饰物） (2)It + be +adj + ( of sb) to do sth ( adj 修饰人） (3)It + be + n. + to do sth     (4)It takes/ took/ will take sb some time/money to do sth    注意：单个不定式/动名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式；两个及以上不定式/动名词作主语时，谓语用复数形式；但作为一个整体时，谓语用单数形式。 ①Where to go on a holiday and when to go for the holiday  have not been decided. ②Where and when to go on a holiday has not been decided. 2.不定式做宾语: 只接不定式做宾语的词，如agree,plan,demand.promise,help,prepare等 3.不定式做表语： 表示主语的内容，将来的动作，事态发展的结果等 ◆Your task today is to wash the curtain. 4.不定式作定语：三种情况 (1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。 注意：不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 ◆Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldn’t find any paper to write on. (2)序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only,the right, the very等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。 ◆He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.　 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。 ◆And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. 增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。 5.不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，这里往往译作“为了，想要”。 E.g.To be a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best. (2)作结果状语：常用于：so...as to...；such...as to；enough to...；too...to；only to等结构中。 E.g.He hurried to the booking office only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告知所有的票已经卖完了。 (“only＋to do”表示出乎意料的结果，tell和主语he之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构。) (3)作原因状语：与形容词连用时，大多表示原因。这些形容词主要有情感类：happy，kind，surprised，frightened，angry，shocked，glad，delighted，disappointed等。如： E.g.I’m very glad to hear the news. 听到这个消息我非常高兴。  (4)作条件状语：To turn to the left,you could find a post office. (5)作方式状语(as if/though):She raised her hand as if to take off her hat. 6.不定式作宾语、主语补足语 表示一个完整的动作过程将要发生、经常发生或已发生。诸如get, ask, beg, invite, oblige, allow, hate, wish, want, expect, like, permit, encourage, request, advise, order, persuade, cause, warn等动词后都可用不定式作宾语补足语。 如果是动词是使役动词和感官动词，在主动语态中要用不带to的不定式作宾补，在被动语态中时，用带to的不定式作主语补足语。共11个，口诀：吾看三室二厅一感觉 一感觉: feel     二听：hear，listen to 三让：let，have，make     五看：observe, look at, see, watch, notice · 分词 1.分词作定语 (1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：doing、“being＋done”、done。 当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing； 当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋done”； 当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用done。 ◆(福建卷)Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。 ◆(北京卷)Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。 (2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：doing和done。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。 ◆falling leaves　正在落下的叶子(表正在进行)      ◆fallen leaves　落叶(表完成) 2.分词做表语：doing说明主语的特征，done表示主语的状态。 ◆The film is exciting. ◆He is excited at the news. 3.分词作宾补 (1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel), 使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。 ◆Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help?听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？ (2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel), 使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。 ◆(福建卷)Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.珍妮希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。 使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点： have sth. done＝get sth. done让别人做某事 have/leave/make sb./sth. doing让……一直做某事； get sb./sth. doing 使……开始做某事 have sb. do sth.＝get sb. to do sth.让某人做某事 have sb. doing用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。 ◆(四川卷)Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed.在开车进城之前，你需要找人洗洗车。　 4.分词作状语 分词作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与while, when, once, if, unless等连用。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 ◆(2018·江苏卷)Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period, exceeding the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts.在这期间，大约创造13 500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12 000的预期数量。 ◆(2018·北京卷)Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.如果正确使用的话，普通肥皂可以有效地消灭细菌。 ◆(天津卷)Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。　 注意：有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有： 独立成分 意义 generally speaking(to be general) 一般来说 honestly/roughly/strictly speaking 老实说/大体说/严格说 frankly speaking/to be frank 坦白说 judging from/by 根据……来判断 taking...into consideration/account 考虑到…… considering/seeing/given... 考虑到…… to tell the truth/to be honest 说实话 compared with/by 与……相比 to make things worse 更糟糕的是 ◆(浙江卷)To be honest, the pay isn’t attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting. 说实话，尽管这份工作本身很有趣，但这个报酬不是很吸引人。 易错易混 ： 独立主格结构作状语 独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成的一种独立主格，用于修饰整个句子。该结构位置相当灵活，可置于句首、句末或句中，常由逗号将其与句子主体分开，在句中通常作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的等，还可以作定语。其构成形式主要有： (1)名词/代词＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式(主动表被动) ◆Weather permitting, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。 ◆He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。 (2)with/without＋名词/代词＋宾语补足语(现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语) ◆With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time. 有许多的难题要解决，这位新选的总统正度过一段艰难的日子。 ◆(安徽卷)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it.约翰收到了一张宴会的请柬，由于工作做完了，他很乐意地接受了。 ◆(北京卷)I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise going on.在这么多噪音的环境下，我没法做作业。 · 动名词 1）动名词作主语： ①表示抽象或经常性的动作：Reading aloud is very helpful. ②it做形式主语： It is a waste of time/money doing... 做……是浪费时间/金钱。 It is no good/no use/no fun/no need doing... 做……是没用的/没乐趣。 It is worthwhile/useless doing... 做……是值得的/无用的。 It is no fun/pleasure doing... 做……没有乐趣。 2）动名词作宾语： 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid，excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent...(from),keep ...from, stop...(from）,protect...from, set about, be engaged in, spend...(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like 3）动名词作表语：用于解释主语的内容： In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs. 4）动名词作定语： 通常表示被修饰词的用途：He can’t walk without a walking stick. 知识 2 ： 主动形式表示被动意义 ①动词want, need, require, deserve后作宾语的动名词的主动形式。这时句中的动名词与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。 例：The TV set wants ( / needs / requires) fixing.= The TV set wants ( / needs / requires) to be fixed. ②形容词worth后接的v -ing的主动形式。 例：The film is worth seeing. ③某些作表语的形容词（如easy, difficult, hard等）后接的不定式主动形式。 例：This question is easy to answer.（＝To answer this question is easy.） ④作定语时，当句中出现的名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者时，用主动式 I have a meeting to attend.              The teacher gave John a book to read, 若不定式动作执行者不是上述情况，而是其他人，用被动态： Here are the clothes to be washed 考点三：解题步骤 · 不定式 1. 判断非谓语动作的逻辑主语，以此来确定它表示主动含义还是被动含义。 ①非谓动词做定语时，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词。 ②非谓语动作做状语时，其逻辑主语是句子主语。 ③非谓语动作做宾补时，其逻辑主语是它前面的宾语。 2. 判断非谓语动作与谓语动作的先后关系。 和谓语动作同时发生表示进行，应用以上提到的进行式（to be doing和doing）；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来，应用（to do和to be done）；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成,应用（to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done、having been done和done）。 · 【非谓语动词思维导图】 课堂精练 演练 · 单句语法填空 1. Today, throughout China,we find many examples of young people___65___(carry) on this tradition of respect. 2. With growing calls for sustainability, many brands are announcing to change though it remains___61___(see) whether they will keep these promises. 3. ___62___(slim) down from 100 kg to 50 kg can't be achieved overnight. 4. She is unwilling to settle for mediocrity(平庸) and has chosen to challenge herself determined___63___ (exchange) sweat and effort for her glamorous transformation today.  5.The traditional tea-making in China is a whole system ___43___(involve) knowledge, skills, and practices about the management of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, manual processing, drinking, and sharing of tea. 6. The dragon is about 70 meters long and weighs more than 200 pounds, with its body___58___(wrap) with pearl grass. 7. She added the genealogy of the mother of the emperor, ___64___(provide) much information which was not usually kept. 8. Ban Zhao's Lessons for Women, originally only___65___(intend) for the daughters in Ban Zhao's family, was circulated immediately at court and in the communities. 9. Young people like to have a space all alone to themselves, which helps avoid conflicts___62___(cause) by different living habits from their parents. 10. ___58___(launch) in July and lasting almost a month, the project has sent more than 100 college students to six regions. 【答案】 1. 答案：carrying 解析：首先这句话的主干结构是we find many examples of young people，我们发现了许多年轻人的案例，carry是非谓语动词作young people的后置定语，由于carry和young people之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词carrying，指继承这一尊重传统的年轻人。 2. 答案：to be seen 解析：此空考查remain的固定搭配，it remains to be seen whether something will happen意味着某事是否发生尚未可知，需拭目以待，其中非谓语动词不定式to be seen作系动词remain的表语。随着可持续发展的呼声日益高涨，许多品牌都宣布要做出改变，但它们是否会信守承诺还有待观察。 3. 答案：Slimming 解析：这句话的谓语动词can’t be achieved缺少主语，slim作形容词是“苗条的”，作动词是“减肥”，这里指的是减肥，用动名词slimming作can’t be achieved的主语，从100kg减到50kg是不可能在一夜之间实现的。 4. 答案：to exchange 解析：此空考查determine的固定搭配，首先，逗号后面的determined是形容词作伴随状语，修饰主语she，其次be determined to do sth是固定搭配，指下定决心做某事，这里指她下定决心要用汗水和努力换取今天的华丽蜕变，to exchange。 5. 答案：involving 解析：首先这句话的主干结构是the tea-making is a whole system，此空的involve需要填非谓语动词形式，由于system和involve是逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词involving，作system的后置定语。 6. 答案：wrapped 解析：首先此空考查with+宾语+宾补的复合结构，这条龙全身包裹着珍珠草，body和wrap之间是逻辑上的被动关系，身体被包裹，因此用非谓语动词的过去分词形式作宾补，填wrapped。 7. 答案：providing 解析：首先这句话的主干结构是She added the genealogy，64空需要填非谓语动词，其次provide的逻辑主语是she，逻辑关系为主动，用现在分词形式providing。她还补充了皇帝母亲的家谱，提供了许多通常不被保存的信息。 8. 答案：intended 解析：首先这句话的主干结构是Ban Zhao's Lessons for Women was circulated，65空需要填非谓语动词，intend有打算、预留的意思，这里指班昭的《女学》原本只为班昭家的女儿们准备，intend与逻辑语Ban Zhao's Lessons for Women之间是被动关系，指《女学》被预留、被准备，因此用过去分词形式intended。 9. 答案：caused 解析：首先，which引导的定语从句主干结构完整，which helps avoid confilcts，62空需要填非谓语动词的形式，其次cause的逻辑主语为conflicts，逻辑关系为被动，由与父母不同的生活习惯产生的冲突，用过去分词caused，作conflicts的后置定语。 10. 答案：Launched 解析：首先，逗号后面是句子的主干部分，逗号前面的lauch和lasting并列，都是以the project为逻辑主语的非谓语动词，由于launch，与the project是逻辑上的被动关系，这个项目被发起，所以用过去分词launched。 · 单项选择 1. Tim cannot  but ____ his supervisor to help him solve the difficulty he has in doing his project.  A. to ask   B. ask  C. asking  D. asked 2. The question asked by the teacher is very difficult ________.  A. to be answered B. answering C. to answer D. to answering 3.Don’t you think the picture on the wall pleasant ______ ? A. to be looked at B. looking at C. to look at D. to looking at 4.All things ____, the planned trip will have to be called off. A considered B be considered  C considering D having considered 5.Don't you remember_____? A. seeing the man before  B. to see the man before  C. saw the man before  D. to be seen the man before 6.I didn't know ________ him or not.  A. whether to help  B. if to help C. to help  D. that if I should help  7. ____in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing. A.To look B.Looking at  C Looked at D.To be looked at 8.You will see this product ____ wherever you go. A to be advertised B advertised  C advertise D advertising 9. ____in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars.  A.To be judged the best  B.having judged the best   C. Judged the best   D .Judging the best 10 From the dates ____ on the plates, we decided that they were made in Song Dynasty. A marking B.having been marked  C marked D to be marked 11 She stood by the window, ____.               A thinking B think C thought D thinks 12____ to meet anybody, he went in from the back door. A) Not wishing B) Wishing  C) Not wished D) No wishing 13The editorial ____ now will appear in tomorrow’s newspaper. A) writing B) to write  C) being written D) write 14 It ____ now pretty late, we took our things and retired to our room.   A) is B) being C) turned D) got 15 ____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A) When compared B) While comparing  C) Compare D) Comparing 16 The old man came upstairs with great strength, his right hand ___ a stick for support. A) held B) holding  C) being holding D) was holding 17 ____ three times in a row, the boxer decide to give up fighting. A)having  defeated       B) To have defeated C)having  been defeated  D) To have been defeated 18 ____neglecting our education, my father sent me to school. A) Accused of        B) Accusing of  C) To be accused of  D) That he was accused of 19 ____ mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf. A) He is remembered   B) While being remembered  C) To be remembered   D) Though remembered 20) ____ that they are fresh from university, the young people have done a good job. A) Given B) Because  C) Giving D) As 【答案】BCCAA ACBCC AACBA BCADA 课后反馈 演练 单句语法填空 1. One of the most endangered animals in the world is the Siberian tiger, ___56___ (know) as the Northeast Tiger in China.  2. It is also believed___ 62___(possess) the ability to balance the flow of Qi, a vital energy force within the body. 3. ___58___(make) from seeds, leaves and flowers, incense has been used as an enjoyable pursuit for scholars. 4. Visitors have flocked from far and wide ___56___ (visit) the world’s largest ice and snow festival dubbed (称为) “Disneyland on ice” recently. 5. This is China’s Harbin International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival — a family friendly, fun-filled dream land ___57___ (fill) with intricately designed ice sculptures. 6. The influential show that not only entertains but also educates is an interactive reality program___41___(present) in a documentary style. 7. Another said, “I don’t deny___45___(amaze) by the advanced modern agricultural technology and I feel sorry for the back-breaking work of farmers who establish deep roots in the land but only rely on the weather for their harvest.” 8. ___58___ (follow) the rabbit’s phenomenal success, the ministry launched the 2024 “Happy Chinese New Year” mascot for the Year of the Dragon global celebrations in Beijing on Oct 7, 2023. 9. ___63___(come) up with a design that combined the holiness of the divine creature and adorableness___64___(require) for a mascot, she and her team pooled the wisdom of archaeologists, art historians, artists, and designers. 10. Many later astronomers use the data in the “Ganshi Star Classic” when___65___ (measure) the position and motion of the sun, moon and planets. 【答案】 1. 答案：known 解析：首先，逗号前面的部分为句子主干，是一个完整的主系表结构，56空的know需要填非谓语动词形式，know与其逻辑主语the Siberian tiger之间是逻辑上的被动关系，西伯利亚虎在中国被称为东北虎，因此用过去分词known。 2. 答案：to possess 解析：首先，本题考查固定句型it is believed to do sth，表示某事被认为是可信的。其中，to do为非谓语动词的不定式，作句子真正的主语，而it为形式主语。它还被认为具有平衡体内生命能量 "气 "的流动的能力。 3. 答案：Made 解析：首先，逗号后面的部分为句子的主干结构，has been used为谓语动词，58空的make需要填非谓语动词的形式，由于make与其逻辑主语incense之间是逻辑上的被动关系，沉香由种子、叶子和花朵制成，因此用过去分词made。 4. 答案：to visit 解析：游客们从四面八方蜂拥而至（have flocked），是为了看世界上最大的冰雪节，56空填非谓语动词，表目的，用不定式to visit。 5. 答案：filled 解析：首先，破折号后面a family friendly, fun-filled dream land是作前面的冰雪雕塑节的同位语，57空需要填非谓语动词的形式，由于fill与其逻辑主语land之间是逻辑上的被动关系，这片梦幻之地被精雕细琢的冰雪雕塑填满，因此用过去分词filled，作land的后置定语。 6. 答案：presented 解析：首先，这句话的主干结构是The show is a program，其他的都是修饰成分。41空需要填非谓语动词的形式，由于present与其逻辑主语program之间是逻辑上的被动关系，节目被呈现，因此填过去分词presented，作program的后置定语。 7. 答案：being amazed 解析：首先这里考查了动词deny的固定用法，否认做过的事情用deny doing sth，其中doing为非谓语动词的动名词形式，因此45空需要填动词的ing形式。其次，45空要填的动词amaze的逻辑主语是I，某人感到惊奇的表达是sb. be amazed，综合这些要点，45空填being amazed。 8. 答案：Following 解析：首先，这句话的主干结构是逗号后面的部分，the ministry launched the 2024 “Happy Chinese New Year” mascot，该部门发布了2024年的“快乐中国年”吉祥物，58空的follow应该用非谓语动词形式，且follow与其逻辑主语the ministry是主动关系，表示继兔子取得巨大成功后，因此填现在分词following，作伴随状语。 9. 答案：63.To come, 64. required 解析：首先63空用非谓语动词不定式表目的，为了想出一个设计，to come up with a design，主语是逗号后面的she and her team。 其次，64空是非谓语动词作adorableness的后置定语，这里指的是吉祥物所需要的可爱性，adorableness和require之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词required。 为了做出一种将神圣生物的神圣性和吉祥物所需的可爱性相结合的设计，她和她的团队汇集了考古学家、艺术历史学家、艺术家和设计师的智慧。 10. 答案：measuring 解析：首先65空考查非谓语动词和状语从句的省略，when引导时间状语从句，动词measure的主语是astronomers，when后面省略了与主句一致的主语和系动词they are。由于天文学家和测量之间的逻辑关系是主动，所以应该填现在分词measuring。后来的许多天文学家在测量太阳、月亮和行星的位置和运动时，都会使用《甘石星经》中的数据。 单句语法填空 1. It is possible _________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 2.Minimize the impact of ________(visit) the place. 3.Strange, isn’t it? But that's how nature is -always leaving us (astonish). 4.They represent the earth __________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 5.They are easy _________ (care) for and make great presents. 6.The next morning he hired a boat and set out _______ (find) the well-known painter. 7.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ________________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 8.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___________(perform) consistently over a large area. 9.Scientists have responded by ________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements. 10. A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ______ (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee —still working 40 hours a week. 【答案】 1.to walk 考查非谓语动词。因It is possible to do sth为固定搭配，意为“做某事是可能的”。 2.visiting 考查非谓语动词。在介词of后用动名词，故填visiting。 3.astonished 考查非谓语动词。根据句意此句考察leave sb+adj 使某人怎样，需要需填过去分词astonished作宾语补足语。 4.coming考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 句中已有谓语动词represent, 故come作为非谓语动词; 又因此处为动名词的复合结构与best wishes并列作represent的宾语，其逻辑主语the earth与come在逻辑上存在主谓关系，故用动词ing形式表主动关系。 5.to care考查非谓语动词。此处为“主语+be+adj.+to do”结构, 用动词不定式结构表被动。 6.to find考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。 7.surrounding考查非谓语动词。作动词saw的宾语补足语，因clouds和surround在逻辑上存在主谓关系，故用surrounding。且前文的rising也有提示。 8.to perform考查非谓语动词。因句中已有谓语are expensive(系动词加表语构成谓语), 动词perform应为非谓语动词; 在形容词后作状语，只能用动词不定式，故填to perform。 9.noting考查非谓语动词。在介词后用动名词，故填noting。 10.being考查非谓语动词。介词for后应接动名词作宾语，故填being。 【2024年新高考I卷】 These sepals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 【答案】to give 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖图片日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。 【2024·新高考Ⅱ卷】 Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ______ (find)the connection between the two great writers. 【答案】to find 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 【2024年全国甲卷】 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level图片 the national parks, in particular, tend ________（catch）our attention because of their large size and variety. 【答案】to catch 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园，但特别是国家公园，由于其规模大、种类多，往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 Hotpot is meant for families and friends to sit together, dip everything they this in one pot, and shared friendship and love. 【答案】shared→share 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：火锅意味着家人和朋友坐在一起，把他们喜欢的东西放在一个锅里，分享友谊和爱。不定式to后接动词原形sit ，dip和share，表示目的。故将shared改成share。 【2024年浙江卷1月】 However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.【答案】to benefit 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。 【2023年新高考I卷】 To eat one, you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 【答案】to bite 【解析】考查非谓语动词。与后面to put 并列，空格需填动词不定式.to bite。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。 Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 【答案】to be lifted 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据搭配allow sb to do sth.允许某人做某事，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式被动形式to be lifted。句意：最好的小笼包外皮很薄，从蒸笼中被取出来时不会撕裂或洒出任何东西。 【2023·全国甲卷】 For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 【答案】to teach 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 【2023年全国乙卷】 ________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【答案】Having visited 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。 【2023年北京卷】 She called for action (address)the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”. 【答案】 to address 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！共 23 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第07讲 语法知识之非谓语动词 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 非谓语动词一直是高考的考查重点，主要包括：不定式、分词（现在分词和过去分词）、动名词。它们可以在句中充当主语、宾语、状语等。其中不定式、现在分词及动名词形式多样，结构复杂，内涵丰富，功能较多，最能体现英语独特的形式特征。命题者常透过非谓语动词的一些最基本的用法，巧妙地将考查要点进行情景化、复杂化处理，加大了考生对题干的理解难度。预测在未来的高考试题中，题目设置的角度也会呈现出多样化趋势，尤以非谓语动词间的相互干扰为重点。 【要点梳理】 考点一：谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 1. 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。如： Miss Mary teaches us English . 玛丽教我们英语。（teaches是谓语动词。） Mr Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. 维克托先生上周末来到了我们教室和我们谈话。（to have a talk不定式作状语） 2. 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。如： Tom likes the pop music. 汤姆喜欢流行音乐。（动词用第三人称单数形式） Tom has nothing to do today. 汤姆今天没有什么事要做。（do用原形） 考点二：非谓语动词的各种形式和应用 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。其动能和形式如下： 非谓语 功能 形式 动名词 具有名词功能，常在句中作主语，宾语 主动式 doing 被动式 being done 完成式 having done/having  been done 现在 分词 表主动和正在进行， 常在句中作定语， 状语，宾补 一般式 doing 完成式 having done 过去 分词 表被动和已完成，常在句中作定语，状语，补语 一般式 done 进行式 being done 完成式 having been done 动词 不定式 表将来具体某一次，常在句中作主语，定语，状语，补语，宾语等 一般式 to do/to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to  have done/to have been done · 不定式 例如： The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 老师让我们做早操。 The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。 She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时，她假装正在读书。 The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。 The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。 She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years. 据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。 · 动名词 例如： Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future. 在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。 Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans. Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。 I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。 Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop. 很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。 · 现在分词 He sat there，reading a newspaper.他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。 The area being studied may be rich in coal.这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。 Having finished my homework，I began to watch TV.完成作业后，我开始看电视。 Having been told many times，she still can t remember it.已经被告诉了很多次，她仍然记不住。 知识 1 ： 非谓语动词的复合结构 ①for sb.to do sth.（sb.是to do的逻辑主语） ②one's doing（one是doing的逻辑主语） 例如： For Tom to learn a foreign language is too difficult.相当于It is too difficult for Tom to learn a foreign language. 句意：对汤姆来说学习一门外语太难了。（Tom 是to learn a foreign language的逻辑主语。） 例如：Do you mind Tom's smoking? 句意：你介意汤姆吸烟吗？（Tom是smoking的逻辑主语。） · 过去分词：done polluted river 被污染的河流 fallen leaves 落叶 注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。 考点三：考点归纳 · 不定式 ①表示一次具体的情况：To say is one thing,to do is another. ②it 作为形式主语时，常见句型。 (1)It + be +adj + ( for sb) to do sth  ( adj 修饰物） (2)It + be +adj + ( of sb) to do sth ( adj 修饰人） (3)It + be + n. + to do sth     (4)It takes/ took/ will take sb some time/money to do sth    注意：单个不定式/动名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式；两个及以上不定式/动名词作主语时，谓语用复数形式；但作为一个整体时，谓语用单数形式。 ①Where to go on a holiday and when to go for the holiday  have not been decided. ②Where and when to go on a holiday has not been decided. 只接不定式做宾语的词，如agree,plan,demand.promise,help,prepare等 表示主语的内容，将来的动作，事态发展的结果等 ◆Your task today is to wash the curtain. 注意：不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 ◆Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldn’t find any paper to write on. ◆He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.　 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 ◆And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. 增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。 (1)作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，这里往往译作“为了，想要”。 E.g.To be a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best. (2)作结果状语：常用于：so...as to...；such...as to；enough to...；too...to；only to等结构中。 E.g.He hurried to the booking office only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告知所有的票已经卖完了。 (“only＋to do”表示出乎意料的结果，tell和主语he之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构。) (3)作原因状语：与形容词连用时，大多表示原因。这些形容词主要有情感类：happy，kind，surprised，frightened，angry，shocked，glad，delighted，disappointed等。如： E.g.I’m very glad to hear the news. 听到这个消息我非常高兴。  (4)作条件状语：To turn to the left,you could find a post office. (5)作方式状语(as if/though):She raised her hand as if to take off her hat. 表示一个完整的动作过程将要发生、经常发生或已发生。诸如get, ask, beg, invite, oblige, allow, hate, wish, want, expect, like, permit, encourage, request, advise, order, persuade, cause, warn等动词后都可用不定式作宾语补足语。 如果是动词是使役动词和感官动词，在主动语态中要用不带to的不定式作宾补，在被动语态中时，用带to的不定式作主语补足语。共11个，口诀：吾看三室二厅一感觉 一感觉: feel     二听：hear，listen to 三让：let，have，make     五看：observe, look at, see, watch, notice · 分词 (1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：doing、“being＋done”、done。 当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing； 当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋done”； 当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用done。 ◆(福建卷)Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。 ◆(北京卷)Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。 (2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：doing和done。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。 ◆falling leaves　正在落下的叶子(表正在进行)      ◆fallen leaves　落叶(表完成) ◆The film is exciting. ◆He is excited at the news. (1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel), 使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。 ◆Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help?听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？ (2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel), 使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。 ◆(福建卷)Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.珍妮希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。 ◆(四川卷)Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed.在开车进城之前，你需要找人洗洗车。　 分词作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与while, when, once, if, unless等连用。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 ◆(2018·江苏卷)Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period, exceeding the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts.在这期间，大约创造13 500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12 000的预期数量。 ◆(2018·北京卷)Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.如果正确使用的话，普通肥皂可以有效地消灭细菌。 ◆(天津卷)Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。　 注意：有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有： 独立成分 意义 generally speaking(to be general) 一般来说 honestly/roughly/strictly speaking 老实说/大体说/严格说 frankly speaking/to be frank 坦白说 judging from/by 根据……来判断 taking...into consideration/account 考虑到…… considering/seeing/given... 考虑到…… to tell the truth/to be honest 说实话 compared with/by 与……相比 to make things worse 更糟糕的是 ◆(浙江卷)To be honest, the pay isn’t attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting. 说实话，尽管这份工作本身很有趣，但这个报酬不是很吸引人。 易错易混 ： 独立主格结构作状语 独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成的一种独立主格，用于修饰整个句子。该结构位置相当灵活，可置于句首、句末或句中，常由逗号将其与句子主体分开，在句中通常作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的等，还可以作定语。其构成形式主要有： (1)名词/代词＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式(主动表被动) ◆Weather permitting, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。 ◆He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。 (2)with/without＋名词/代词＋宾语补足语(现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语) ◆With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time. 有许多的难题要解决，这位新选的总统正度过一段艰难的日子。 ◆(安徽卷)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it.约翰收到了一张宴会的请柬，由于工作做完了，他很乐意地接受了。 ◆(北京卷)I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise going on.在这么多噪音的环境下，我没法做作业。 · 动名词 ①表示抽象或经常性的动作：Reading aloud is very helpful. ②it做形式主语： It is a waste of time/money doing... 做……是浪费时间/金钱。 It is no good/no use/no fun/no need doing... 做……是没用的/没乐趣。 It is worthwhile/useless doing... 做……是值得的/无用的。 It is no fun/pleasure doing... 做……没有乐趣。 2）动名词作宾语： 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid，excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent...(from),keep ...from, stop...(from）,protect...from, set about, be engaged in, spend...(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like 3）动名词作表语：用于解释主语的内容： In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs. 4）动名词作定语： 通常表示被修饰词的用途：He can’t walk without a walking stick. 知识 2 ： 主动形式表示被动意义 ①动词want, need, require, deserve后作宾语的动名词的主动形式。这时句中的动名词与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。 例：The TV set wants ( / needs / requires) fixing.= The TV set wants ( / needs / requires) to be fixed. ②形容词worth后接的v -ing的主动形式。 例：The film is worth seeing. ③某些作表语的形容词（如easy, difficult, hard等）后接的不定式主动形式。 例：This question is easy to answer.（＝To answer this question is easy.） ④作定语时，当句中出现的名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者时，用主动式 I have a meeting to attend.              The teacher gave John a book to read, 若不定式动作执行者不是上述情况，而是其他人，用被动态： Here are the clothes to be washed 考点三：解题步骤 · 不定式 ①非谓动词做定语时，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词。 ②非谓语动作做状语时，其逻辑主语是句子主语。 ③非谓语动作做宾补时，其逻辑主语是它前面的宾语。 和谓语动作同时发生表示进行，应用以上提到的进行式（to be doing和doing）；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来，应用（to do和to be done）；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成,应用（to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done、having been done和done）。 · 【非谓语动词思维导图】 课堂精练 演练 · 单句语法填空 1. Today, throughout China,we find many examples of young people___65___(carry) on this tradition of respect. 2. With growing calls for sustainability, many brands are announcing to change though it remains___61___(see) whether they will keep these promises. 3. ___62___(slim) down from 100 kg to 50 kg can't be achieved overnight. 4. She is unwilling to settle for mediocrity(平庸) and has chosen to challenge herself determined___63___ (exchange) sweat and effort for her glamorous transformation today.  5.The traditional tea-making in China is a whole system ___43___(involve) knowledge, skills, and practices about the management of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, manual processing, drinking, and sharing of tea. 6. The dragon is about 70 meters long and weighs more than 200 pounds, with its body___58___(wrap) with pearl grass. 7. She added the genealogy of the mother of the emperor, ___64___(provide) much information which was not usually kept. 8. Ban Zhao's Lessons for Women, originally only___65___(intend) for the daughters in Ban Zhao's family, was circulated immediately at court and in the communities. 9. Young people like to have a space all alone to themselves, which helps avoid conflicts___62___(cause) by different living habits from their parents. 10. ___58___(launch) in July and lasting almost a month, the project has sent more than 100 college students to six regions. · 单项选择 1. Tim cannot  but ____ his supervisor to help him solve the difficulty he has in doing his project.  A. to ask   B. ask  C. asking  D. asked 2. The question asked by the teacher is very difficult ________.  A. to be answered B. answering C. to answer D. to answering 3.Don’t you think the picture on the wall pleasant ______ ? A. to be looked at B. looking at C. to look at D. to looking at 4.All things ____, the planned trip will have to be called off. A considered B be considered  C considering D having considered 5.Don't you remember_____? A. seeing the man before  B. to see the man before  C. saw the man before  D. to be seen the man before 6.I didn't know ________ him or not.  A. whether to help  B. if to help C. to help  D. that if I should help  7. ____in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing. A.To look B.Looking at  C Looked at D.To be looked at 8.You will see this product ____ wherever you go. A to be advertised B advertised  C advertise D advertising 9. ____in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars.  A.To be judged the best  B.having judged the best   C. Judged the best   D .Judging the best 10 From the dates ____ on the plates, we decided that they were made in Song Dynasty. A marking B.having been marked  C marked D to be marked 11 She stood by the window, ____.               A thinking B think C thought D thinks 12____ to meet anybody, he went in from the back door. A) Not wishing B) Wishing  C) Not wished D) No wishing 13The editorial ____ now will appear in tomorrow’s newspaper. A) writing B) to write  C) being written D) write 14 It ____ now pretty late, we took our things and retired to our room.   A) is B) being C) turned D) got 15 ____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A) When compared B) While comparing  C) Compare D) Comparing 16 The old man came upstairs with great strength, his right hand ___ a stick for support. A) held B) holding  C) being holding D) was holding 17 ____ three times in a row, the boxer decide to give up fighting. A)having  defeated       B) To have defeated C)having  been defeated  D) To have been defeated 18 ____neglecting our education, my father sent me to school. A) Accused of        B) Accusing of  C) To be accused of  D) That he was accused of 19 ____ mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf. A) He is remembered   B) While being remembered  C) To be remembered   D) Though remembered 20) ____ that they are fresh from university, the young people have done a good job. A) Given B) Because  C) Giving D) As 课后反馈 演练 单句语法填空 1. One of the most endangered animals in the world is the Siberian tiger, ___56___ (know) as the Northeast Tiger in China.  2. It is also believed___ 62___(possess) the ability to balance the flow of Qi, a vital energy force within the body. 3. ___58___(make) from seeds, leaves and flowers, incense has been used as an enjoyable pursuit for scholars. 4. Visitors have flocked from far and wide ___56___ (visit) the world’s largest ice and snow festival dubbed (称为) “Disneyland on ice” recently. 5. This is China’s Harbin International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival — a family friendly, fun-filled dream land ___57___ (fill) with intricately designed ice sculptures. 6. The influential show that not only entertains but also educates is an interactive reality program___41___(present) in a documentary style. 7. Another said, “I don’t deny___45___(amaze) by the advanced modern agricultural technology and I feel sorry for the back-breaking work of farmers who establish deep roots in the land but only rely on the weather for their harvest.” 8. ___58___ (follow) the rabbit’s phenomenal success, the ministry launched the 2024 “Happy Chinese New Year” mascot for the Year of the Dragon global celebrations in Beijing on Oct 7, 2023. 9. ___63___(come) up with a design that combined the holiness of the divine creature and adorableness___64___(require) for a mascot, she and her team pooled the wisdom of archaeologists, art historians, artists, and designers. 10. Many later astronomers use the data in the “Ganshi Star Classic” when___65___ (measure) the position and motion of the sun, moon and planets. 单句语法填空 1. It is possible _________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 2.Minimize the impact of ________(visit) the place. 3.Strange, isn’t it? But that's how nature is -always leaving us (astonish). 4.They represent the earth __________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 5.They are easy _________ (care) for and make great presents. 6.The next morning he hired a boat and set out _______ (find) the well-known painter. 7.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ________________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 8.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___________(perform) consistently over a large area. 9.Scientists have responded by ________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements. 10. A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ______ (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee —still working 40 hours a week. 【2024年新高考I卷】 These sepals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 【2024·新高考Ⅱ卷】 Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ______ (find)the connection between the two great writers. 【2024年全国甲卷】 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level图片 the national parks, in particular, tend ________（catch）our attention because of their large size and variety. Hotpot is meant for families and friends to sit together, dip everything they this in one pot, and shared friendship and love. 【2024年浙江卷1月】 However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.【答案】to benefit 【2023年新高考I卷】 To eat one, you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 【2023·全国甲卷】 For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 【2023年全国乙卷】 ________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【2023年北京卷】 She called for action (address)the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！共 23 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$