第08辑二轮专题 2025届阅读微技能之文章大意题（提分干货+高考真题+名校模拟）-2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练

· 第08辑二轮专题 2025届阅读微技能之文章大意题 · （提分干货+高考真题+名校模拟）解析版 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，提供高效提分干货，帮你举一反三提分 一、记叙文主旨大意题 1.看首段和尾段，以尾段为主 2.借助主题词或关键词归纳 二、说明文和议论文主旨大意题 1.看首段和每段段首句，以首段为主 2.借助主题词或关键词归纳 三、文章大意题错误选项典型错误 一是“以偏概全”：选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意； 二是“概括宽泛”：所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容； 三是“无中生有”：即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。 四、文章大意五种题型 题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。 题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。 题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ short, all in all, in conclusion, in a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。 题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 五、文章大意题思维导图 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分技巧和应试思维！ (2024新课标II卷第31题)We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。 30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。 31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ 【01】（24-25高三上·重庆·期中）The city of Antwerp in Belgium is encouraging people to try out gardening in a very unusual way. If you ride the NO.1 tram (电车), you may have gotten a glimpse of a rolling urban garden going down the tracks. That’s because the inside of one of the trams was turned into a garden complete with plants hanging from the ceilings and walls. The decorative tram operated for a day in early June 2023 as a way to inspire people to make their city greener. After all, if a 35-meter-long tram can become a forest inside, so can ordinary people’s homes. The tram was part of the Neighborhood In Bloom initiative that offers residents — with green thumbs — facade (建筑物正面) gardens, plants, and garlands (花环) to hang between homes. The facade gardens can hang between houses across the street from one another. The district is responsible for creating the gardens, while the residents are responsible for the care and feeding of the garden. This is part of the new edition of Neighborhood in Bloom. Since the initiative began in 2022, more than 200 facade greens, 170 sections of new trees, and over 100 green garlands were created. Urban gardens do more than just beautify a city. Plants and trees can help to cool cities and mitigate urban heat island effects as well as help to clean the air. They also give a home to nesting birds, squirrels and beneficial insects. Green spaces are also very good for people’ s wellbeing. Spending time in nature can help lift your mood, reduce stress, improve sleep, and promote physical and mental health. Creating your own urban green space is easy thanks to initiatives like Neighborhood in Bloom. So, if you have a green thumb, plant a garden and enjoy all the benefits that an urban garden has to offer. 1．Why did Antwerp turn a tram into a garden? A．To sell more plants. B．To attract more visitors. C．To beautify the tracks. D．To get people to garden. 2．What is the public’s attitude towards the Neighborhood in Bloom initiative? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Intolerant. D．Unclear. 3．What does the underlined word “mitigate” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Increase. B．Create. C．Reduce. D．Investigate. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Antwerp’s initiative to green urban areas. B．Antwerp’s national gardening month. C．A temporary tram turned into a forest. D．The benefits of urban gardens for health. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了比利时安特卫普市通过将电车变成移动花园的创新方式，鼓励市民参与园艺活动，以此美化城市并提高居民的生活质量。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The city of Antwerp in Belgium is encouraging people to try out gardening in a very unusual way.(比利时安特卫普市鼓励人们以一种非常不同寻常的方式尝试园艺)”和第二段“The decorative tram operated for a day in early June 2023 as a way to inspire people to make their city greener. After all, if a 35-meter-long tram can become a forest inside, so can ordinary people’s homes.(这款装饰有轨电车在2023年6月初运营了一天，以此激励人们让城市变得更环保。毕竟，如果35米长的有轨电车可以成为内部的森林，那么普通人的家也可以)”可知，安特卫普将电车变成花园的目的是为了激励人们进行园艺活动。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Since the initiative began in 2022, more than 200 facade greens, 170 sections of new trees, and over 100 green garlands were created.(自2022年该计划开始以来，已经创造了200多个立面花园、170段新树木区域和100多个绿色花环)”可知，该倡议自 2022 年开始以来，已经创造了超过 200个立面花园、170段新树木和 100多个绿色花环，这表明公众对Neighborhood in Bloom倡议持积极态度。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据文章第五段划线词前文“Plants and trees can help to cool cities(植物和树木可以帮助城市降温)”及后文“as well as help to clean the air(也有助于清洁空气)”可知，结合上下文cool cities和help to clean the air，可以推断mitigate在这里的意思是减轻或降低（热岛效应），与reduce意思相近。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The city of Antwerp in Belgium is encouraging people to try out gardening in a very unusual way. If you ride the NO.1 tram, you may have gotten a glimpse of a rolling urban garden going down the tracks. That’s because the inside of one of the trams was turned into a garden complete with plants hanging from the ceilings and walls.(比利时安特卫普市鼓励人们以一种非常不同寻常的方式尝试园艺。如果你乘坐1号有轨电车，你可能会瞥见沿着轨道起伏的城市花园。这是因为其中一辆有轨电车的内部变成了一个花园，天花板和墙壁上都挂满了植物)”及全文内容，整篇文章主要介绍了安特卫普市通过Neighborhood in Bloom倡议，将电车变成花园，鼓励市民参与园艺活动，以此绿化城市区域。故选A。 【02】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）In the 1980s, Ray Barnett worked in Uganda as a humanitarian worker. One day, a boy went to him and showed his gratitude by singing a song, which deeply touched Barnett’s heart. “When I went back to Canada and people were not interested in Uganda, I remembered the small boy. I knew that if some Ugandan children could travel to the West, people would be deeply moved and would certainly want to help,” Barnett recalls. In April 1984, Barnett and a team of volunteers travelled back to Uganda to select 31 children who would become the first African Children’s Choir. In September 1984, the choir arrived in North America and achieved more throughout their tour than Barnett could imagine. They inspired audiences with their stories through music, dance and drama and raised enough funds to open a children’s home in Uganda. This provided a stable environment and a quality education for the choir children and other children who needed care. While Barnett had thought of the choir as a one-time attempt, the choir’s instant popularity and the ongoing needs in Uganda convinced him to continue with choir work. In 1985, a second choir was selected from an orphanage home in Makerere, Kikoni, and the African Children’s Choir began another tour. Its success meant it was able to provide for many children beyond those in the choir. Over the next years, six more homes were established to cater for vulnerable children. A number of special literacy schools were established where the children learned how to read and write, and gained confidence and skills. The organization next established a sponsorship programme to help the children move further in their schooling. In 1990, the African Children’s Choir spread its wings and opened in Kenya. In 1994, it opened in Rwanda. In 1996, it opened another branch in South Sudan, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa. Currently, the African Children’s Choir is made up of 44 choirs, each with between 17-24 members, both boys and girls aged between 7-15. 1．Why did Barnett return to Uganda in 1984? A．To provide humanitarian aid to the area. B．To search for the boy he had met before. C．To organize a choir to help poor children. D．To send donations from Canadians to Uganda. 2．How was the children’s first performance? A．It was an unexpected hit. B．It barely covered its costs. C．It was an ordinary attempt. D．It was enjoyed by orphans. 3．What can we infer about the African Children’s Choir from the last two paragraphs? A．It is well-received by local parents and schools. B．It has grown rapidly and more kids benefit from it. C．It suffers financial difficulty and requires sponsoring. D．It pays more attention to kids’ schooling instead of music. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．A great choir brings hope to African kids. B．Music is a bridge across different cultures. C．The African Children’s Choir changes Africa. D．Music can shake off poverty and bring happiness. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Ray Barnett创立非洲儿童合唱团的过程及其对非洲贫困儿童生活的积极影响。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“In April 1984, Barnett and a team of volunteers travelled back to Uganda to select 31 children who would become the first African Children’s Choir. (1984年4月，巴内特和一组志愿者回到乌干达，挑选31名儿童，他们将成为第一个非洲儿童合唱团。)”和第二段中“They inspired audiences with their stories through music, dance and drama and raised enough funds to open a children’s home in Uganda. This provided a stable environment and a quality education for the choir children and other children who needed care. (他们用音乐、舞蹈和戏剧的故事激励着观众，并筹集了足够的资金在乌干达开设了一个儿童之家。这为合唱团的孩子和其他需要照顾的孩子提供了一个稳定的环境和优质的教育。)”可知，Barnett 返回乌干达是为了挑选孩子组成合唱团，以帮助贫困儿童。故选C。 2．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“In September 1984, the choir arrived in North America and achieved more throughout their tour than Barnett could imagine. They inspired audiences with their stories through music, dance and drama and raised enough funds to open a children’s home in Uganda. This provided a stable environment and a quality education for the choir children and other children who needed care. (1984年9月，合唱团抵达北美，并在整个巡演中取得了巴尼特无法想象的成就。他们用音乐、舞蹈和戏剧的故事激励着观众，并筹集了足够的资金在乌干达开设了一个儿童之家。这为合唱团的孩子和其他需要照顾的孩子提供了一个稳定的环境和优质的教育。)”可知，孩子们的第一次演出超乎想象地成功。故选A。 3．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Over the next years, six more homes were established to cater for vulnerable children. A number of special literacy schools were established where the children learned how to read and write, and gained confidence and skills. The organization next established a sponsorship programme to help the children move further in their schooling. (在接下来的几年里，又建立了6个家庭来照顾弱势儿童。建立了一些特殊的扫盲学校，在那里孩子们学习如何阅读和写作，并获得信心和技能。该组织随后设立了一个赞助计划，帮助孩子们在学业上更进一步。)”和最后一段“In 1990, the African Children’s Choir spread its wings and opened in Kenya. In 1994, it opened in Rwanda. In 1996, it opened another branch in South Sudan, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa. Currently, the African Children’s Choir is made up of 44 choirs, each with between 17-24 members, both boys and girls aged between 7-15. (1990年，非洲儿童唱诗班在肯尼亚展翅高飞。1994年，它在卢旺达开业。1996年，它在南苏丹、尼日利亚、加纳和南非又开设了一家分店。目前，非洲儿童合唱团由44个合唱团组成，每个合唱团有17-24名成员，年龄在7-15岁之间，既有男孩也有女孩。)”可知，合唱团发展迅速，更多孩子从中受益。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“I knew that if some Ugandan children could travel to the West, people would be deeply moved and would certainly want to help,” Barnett recalls. In April 1984, Barnett and a team of volunteers travelled back to Uganda to select 31 children who would become the first African Children’s Choir. (我知道，如果一些乌干达儿童能够去西方旅行，人们会深受感动，当然会想要帮助他们，”巴内特回忆道。1984年4月，巴内特和一组志愿者回到乌干达，挑选31名儿童，他们将成为第一个非洲儿童合唱团。)”根据第二段中“They inspired audiences with their stories through music, dance and drama and raised enough funds to open a children’s home in Uganda. This provided a stable environment and a quality education for the choir children and other children who needed care. (他们用音乐、舞蹈和戏剧的故事激励着观众，并筹集了足够的资金在乌干达开设了一个儿童之家。这为合唱团的孩子和其他需要照顾的孩子提供了一个稳定的环境和优质的教育)”可知，和最后一段“In 1990, the African Children’s Choir spread its wings and opened in Kenya. In 1994, it opened in Rwanda. In 1996, it opened another branch in South Sudan, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa. Currently, the African Children’s Choir is made up of 44 choirs, each with between 17-24 members, both boys and girls aged between 7-15. (1990年，非洲儿童唱诗班在肯尼亚展翅高飞。1994年，它在卢旺达开业。1996年，它在南苏丹、尼日利亚、加纳和南非又开设了一家分店。目前，非洲儿童合唱团由44个合唱团组成，每个合唱团有17-24名成员，年龄在7-15岁之间，既有男孩也有女孩。)”可知，全文围绕非洲儿童合唱团的成立和发展，以及它如何为非洲的孩子们带来希望和改变展开，选项A“A great choir brings hope to African kids. (一个伟大的合唱团给非洲孩子带来了希望。)”符合题意。故选A。 【03】（24-25高三上·山东·阶段练习）A team of researchers looked at a decade’s worth of responses to an online survey about morals and analyzed how these responses changed from one season to the next. Their findings suggest that, at a population level, people are less likely to endorse(赞成)more traditional moral values in summer and winter. The researchers relied on data from a website called YourMorals. org, which offers a “moral foundations questionnaire” where respondents can rate how strongly they agree or disagree that something is right or wrong. The questions were based on moral foundations theory to explore why morality seems to follow similar patterns across populations from very different cultures. According to the theory, morality can be broken down into five foundational values care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity-and these belong to two groups: individualizing values and binding values. The seasonal pattern in response was not evident for all types of values. For instance, individualizing values, focusing on the morality of individual rights, showed little variation over time and didn’t follow a seasonal trend. However, binding values values that prioritize the needs of one’s group, including loyalty, respect for authority, and purity of tradition--followed a biannual pattern. To attempt to better understand the results, the researchers also looked at patterns in Google search results related to anxiety. What they found was that population-level patterns in anxiety also followed a seasonal cycle peaking in the spring and fall, which suggests a potential correlation(关联性). Spring and fall are often thought of as the most pleasant seasons, so an increase in anxiety during these times might seem unexpected. But it’s possible that increases in school and work - related changes during these times could play some role. They also suggest that anxiety might decrease in winter due to seasonal holidays, and in summer due to warmer weather and increased vegetation. “We often think of moral values as these unchangeable principles that we hold close,” Professor Hohm says. But they’re actually subject to all kinds of influences that might pass us by unnoticed. Being aware of how that happens could help us better understand and plan for seasonal shifts. 1．Which will not follow a seasonal trend? A．Purity of tradition. B．Loyalty to one’s party. C．Fairness among people. D．Respect for authority. 2．Why do people feel most anxious in spring and autumn? A．Changes in temperature. B．Increased holiday expenses. C． Reduction in vegetable varieties D．New challenges from school and work. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Moral values are steady. B．Moral principles are changeable. C．Moral influences may be ignored. D．Moral changes can affect plan making. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Our morals change with the seasons. B．Anxiety rises when we feel threatened. C．Seasons influence our minds and behaviors. D．Individualizing values and binding values differ. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了我们的道德观念随季节而变化的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The seasonal pattern in response was not evident for all types of values. For instance, individualizing values,focusing on the morality of individual rights, showed little variation over time and didn’t follow a seasonal trend. However, binding values values that prioritize the needs of one's group, including loyalty, respect for authority, and purity of tradition--followed a biannual pattern.(对所有类型的数值而言，季节性模式的响应并不明显。例如，注重个人权利道德性的个体化价值观，在时间上几乎没有变化，也没有遵循季节趋势。然而，有约束力的价值观——优先考虑个人群体的需求，包括忠诚、尊重权威和传统的纯洁——遵循了一年两次的模式)”可知，忠诚、尊重权威和传统的纯洁都遵循了季节趋势，人与人之间的公平属于个人权利道德性个体化价值观，不遵循季节趋势。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Spring and fall are often thought of as the most pleasant seasons, so an increase in anxiety during these times might seem unexpected. But it’s possible that increases in school and work- related changes during these times could play some role.(春天和秋天通常被认为是最愉快的季节，所以在这段时间增加焦虑似乎是出乎意料的。但在这段时间里，与学校和工作相关的变化可能会起到一些作用)”可知，春秋季的焦虑来自学校和工作的新挑战。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““We often think of moral values as these unchangeable principles that we hold close,” Professor Hohm says. But they're actually subject to all kinds of influences that might pass us by unnoticed.Being aware of how that happens could help us better understand and plan for seasonal shifts.(“我们通常认为道德价值观是我们所坚守的不可改变的原则，”霍姆教授说。“但实际上，它们受到各种各样的影响，我们可能不会注意到它们。意识到这是如何发生的可以帮助我们更好地理解和计划季节变化。”)”可知，道德价值观受到各种各样的影响，道德上的改变会影响计划的制定。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A team of researchers looked at a decade’s worth of responses to an online survey about morals and analyzed how these responses changed from one season to the next. Their findings suggest that, at a population level, people are less likely to endorse(赞成)more traditional moral values in summer and winter.(一组研究人员研究了10年来一项关于道德的在线调查的回答，并分析了这些回答在不同季节的变化。他们的研究结果表明，就总体而言，人们在夏天和冬天不太可能认同更传统的道德价值观)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了我们的道德观念随季节而变化的影响。故选A。 【04】（24-25高三上·辽宁大连·期中）A French study published last month in the Journal Animal Cognition found that not only do cats react to what scientists call cat-directed speech — a high-pitched voice similar to how we talk to babies — but they react to who is doing the talking. “We found that when hearing their owners using a high-pitched voice, the cats reacted more than when they heard their owner speaking normally to another human adult,” said Charlotte de Mouzon, an author of the study and cat behavior expert at the Université Paris Nanterre. “But surprisingly, it didn’t work when it came from a stranger’s voice.” Unlike with dogs, cat behavior is difficult to study, which is part of why humans understand them less. Cats are often so stressed when studied in a lab that meaningful behavioral observations become less likely. And forget about getting a cat’s M. R. I. scan for its brain function study. So the researchers for the latest study went to the cats’ homes and played recordings of different types of speech and different speakers. “Their reactions were very subtle (微妙的),” Dr. de Mouzon said. “It could be just moving an ear or turning the head towards the speaker or even freezing what they were doing.” In a few cases, the cats would approach the speaker playing a voice and meow. The findings showed that “cats are paying close attention to their caretakers, down to not only what they are saying, but how they are saying it,” said Dr. de Mouzon. The relationships between a cat and its owner replicate (复制) the connection between a kitten and its mother. “It is possible that attachment behaviors originally intended for interactions with their mother have now been modified for interactions with their new caretakers, humans.” “For years, scientists didn’t ask the right questions about cats,” Dr. de Mouzon said. Now those who are convinced of the disloyalty of cats won’t like the answers. Cats don’t hate us after all, Dr. de Mouzon said, adding that “a growing body of work supports the idea that social interaction with humans is key in the life of a cat.” 1．Which section can you expect to find this passage in a magazine? A．Our Furry Friends. B．Flora and Gardens. C．Crafts and Furnishing. D．Health and Well-being. 2．According to the study, which of the following may capture a cat’s attention? A．An adult’s ordinary voice. B．A baby’s high-pitched voice. C．A stranger’s high-pitched speech. D．An owner’s cat-directed speech. 3．How did the researchers conduct the research? A．By giving the cats an M. R. I. scan. B．By comparing cats and dogs behaviors. C．By replicating a kitten-mother relationship. D．By observing cat’s reaction to some recordings. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．New evidence disapproves that cat are cold. B．Cats treat their owners the way they treat their mothers. C．Cats respond to their owners well when communicated properly. D．The social interaction between cats and humans is important to cats. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。 主要讲述了如果被对待得当，猫实际上会密切关注它们的主人。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A French study published last month in the Journal Animal Cognition found that not only do cats react to what scientists call cat-directed speech — a high-pitched voice similar to how we talk to babies — but they react to who is doing the talking. (上个月发表在《动物认知》（Animal Cognition）杂志上的一项法国研究发现，猫不仅会对科学家所说的“猫导语”（一种类似于我们对婴儿说话的高音调声音）做出反应，还会对说话的人做出反应。)”可知，本篇文章主要是讲述对于猫的研究和发现，故应出现在杂志的动物专栏上，A项：Our Furry Friends.(我们毛茸茸的朋友。)合乎题意。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段““We found that when hearing their owners using a high-pitched voice, the cats reacted more than when they heard their owner speaking normally to another human adult,” said Charlotte de Mouzon(夏洛特·德·穆松说：“我们发现，当猫听到主人用高音说话时，它们的反应比听到主人和另一个成年人正常说话时要强烈。”)”可知，猫主人用高音调和猫说话时，最吸引猫的注意。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“So the researchers for the latest study went to the cats’ homes and played recordings of different types of speech and different speakers. “Their reactions were very subtle (微妙的) ,” Dr. de Mouzon said. (因此，最新研究的研究人员去了猫的家，播放了不同类型的语音和不同的说话者的录音。“他们的反应非常微妙，”穆松博士说。)”可知，研究人员通过观察猫对一些录音的反应来进行研究。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段“The findings showed that “cats are paying close attention to their caretakers, down to not only what they are saying, but how they are saying it,” said Dr. de Mouzon. The relationships between a cat and its owner replicate (复制) the connection between a kitten and its mother. (德·穆松博士说，研究结果表明，“猫会密切关注它们的饲养员，不仅关注它们在说什么，还关注它们说话的方式。”猫和主人之间的关系复制了小猫和它妈妈之间的关系。)”可知，主要讲述了如果被对待得当，猫实际上会密切关注它们的主人。故选C。 【05】（24-25高三上·江苏南京·期中）When it takes days to get to a city, seeking medical help can be a challenge. This is the reality in many villages in Amdo county, Nagchu city of the Xizang autonomous region. The county spans approximately 100,000 square kilometers, an area as vast as Jiangsu province. Due to the vastness and sparse (稀少的) population, a unique healthcare system has been established here. Tsega has worked as a village doctor in Amdo for over 40 years, shuttling between grasslands and pastoral areas. “In the past, without vehicles, upon receiving messages about someone falling ill, sometimes I had to ride a horse, sometimes walk. It would take a four to five-day round trip to some villages,” Tsega said. With an average elevation exceeding 5,000 meters, conditions in Amdo make high-altitude cardiovascular diseases, gout (痛风) and high blood pressure relatively common. Discovering his passion for healing and helping others in his early 20s, Tsega embarked on self-study of Tibetan and traditional Chinese medicines, and later pursued over a year of professional training at the People’s Hospital in Nagchu, becoming proficient in Western medicine as well. Drawing from his years of medical experience, he tailors treatment methods — be it Tibetan, Chinese, Western or a combination — based on each patient’s needs. During his visits, he carries a variety of medications provided by the township hospital and purchases some himself. Tsega believes that soaking in hot springs can help ease pain or prevent illnesses related to high altitude. Over the past decade, he has personally funded annual hot spring activities for the elderly, weak and disabled across the area. In 1974, Tsega also cooperated with personnel from the Lanzhou military and geological teams for a 40-day filming project, capturing the beauty and fragility of the Yangtze River’s source. Since then, he has devoted his spare time to cleaning up the surrounding area, contributing to environmental protection efforts. 1．What made offering medical help difficult in the past in Amdo? A．Sparse population. B．Traffic inconvenience. C．High altitude. D．Environmental pollution. 2．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．fascinated by B．skilled at C．gifted in D．blessed with 3．Which of the following best describes Tsega’s personality? A．committed and selfless B．passionate and courageous C．sympathetic and grateful D．considerate and disciplined 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Tsega devotes his lifetime to environmental protection. B．The medical challenge has been tackled in sparsely populated areas. C．A doctor has used hot springs to relieve high-altitude diseases. D．A doctor is devoted to treating patients in a remote county. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍的是穿梭于草原和牧区之间，为西藏边远地区的人民提供医疗服务的乡村医生Tsega。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子““In the past, without vehicles, upon receiving messages about someone falling ill, sometimes I had to ride a horse, sometimes walk. It would take a four to five-day round trip to some villages,” Tsega said.( Tsega说“在过去，没有交通工具，一接到有人生病的消息，我有时不得不骑马，有时不得不步行。往返一些村庄需要4到5天的时间。”)”可知，过去在安多，交通不便让提供医疗帮助变得困难。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线短语前面的部分“and later pursued over a year of professional training at the People’s Hospital in Nagchu”可知，通过在那曲人民医院接受一年多的专业培训，Tsega肯定是熟练掌握了西医。所以，划线短语proficient in的意义为“在…方面很熟练，精通于”，与B项skilled at意义一致。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Tsega has worked as a village doctor in Amdo for over 40 years, shuttling between grasslands and pastoral areas. “In the past, without vehicles, upon receiving messages about someone falling ill, sometimes I had to ride a horse, sometimes walk. It would take a four to five-day round trip to some villages,” Tsega said.(Tsega在安多做了40多年的乡村医生，穿梭于草原和牧区之间。Tsega说：“在过去，没有交通工具，一接到有人生病的消息，我有时不得不骑马，有时不得不步行。往返一些村庄需要4到5天的时间。”)”和第五段“Discovering his passion for healing and helping others in his early 20s, Tsega embarked on self-study of Tibetan and traditional Chinese medicines, and later pursued over a year of professional training at the People’s Hospital in Nagchu, becoming proficient in Western medicine as well.(在他20岁出头的时候，他发现了自己对治疗和帮助他人的热情，开始自学藏医和中医，后来在那曲人民医院接受了一年多的专业培训，也熟练掌握了西医。)”可知，Tsega是个尽心尽力的人。根据第六段的句子“During his visits, he carries a variety of medications provided by the township hospital and purchases some himself.(在就诊期间，他随身携带乡镇医院提供的各种药物，并自己购买一些。)”和第七段的句子“Over the past decade, he has personally funded annual hot spring activities for the elderly, weak and disabled across the area.(在过去的十年里，他个人资助了该地区为老人、弱者和残疾人举办的年度温泉活动。)”可知，Tsega是个无私的人。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是穿梭于草原和牧区之间，为西藏边远地区的人民提供医疗服务的乡村医生Tsega。所以，D项“A doctor is devoted to treating patients in a remote county.”可以概括本文主要内容。故选D项。 【06】（24-25高三上·山东滨州·开学考试）Remember the future? From jet packs to artificial intelligence, visions of tomorrow once preoccupied our collective imagination. Lately though, young people are addicted to looking the other way. Super charged by social media, nostalgia (怀旧) seems to attract Generation Zconsumers so much. However, this doesn’t mean throwing it back is a cheat code for marketing success with Generation Z. Brands must understand what their audience is looking for in a nostalgia play and then work out how to feed this appetite. So what’s behind this nostalgia explosion? Having grown up online, where any trend from any era is instantly accessible and social media platforms deliver an unending stream of memories, this generation is hardwired (与生俱来的) for nostalgia. We see this reflected in the big cultural hits of recent years — TV shows and the music of Olivia Rodrigo — where strongly nostalgic elements inspire wild followers. For nostalgia to work best, something else needs to be going on. The search for connected experiences among Generation Z is also often linked to hype (炒作) culture. Nostalgic launches that connect with hype culture are a great way to create a certain audience, but their success rests on playing into the memories of existing customers as well as the new ones. It’s about tapping into comforting images still fixed in their consciousness. But Gen Z is about more than online hype and being digitally native. Gen Zers want clarity, credibility, and honesty from their brands. Leaning into nostalgia can help convey this, and when it comes to awakening memories, nothing beats the physical experience. Brands with the vision to bring nostalgia into physical spaces can create an even deeper connection with this audience. Ultimately, whether online or through brick-and-mortar (实体店),  nostalgia will always be part of the marketing toolkit. To use it most effectively, brands need to become more ambitious yet clever. More culturally savvy (有见识的), but sincere. And most important, they really need to know their audience — otherwise, that audience will start looking in another direction. 1．Which is closest in meaning to “cheat code” in paragraph 2? A．The secret to success. B．A way of cheating. C．A fake password. D．A wrong number. 2．Why does nostalgia become so popular with the young generation? A．This generation is born with the love for the Internet. B．Young children are deeply influenced by adults. C．There are numerous old TV shows and music works. D．Online information about the past is easily accessed. 3．Which of the following is the most effective way to use nostalgia? A．TV advertisements. B．Online hype. C．Physical experience. D．Existing customers. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Value of memories about the past times. B．Reasons why nostalgia becomes so popular. C．Characteristics of the Generation Z consumers. D．Suggestions on promoting business with nostalgia. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了目前一些品牌商家为了迎合Z世代年轻人的需求，采取各种“怀旧营销”策略的现象，并对此给出了一些评价和建议。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Super charged by social media, nostalgia (怀旧) seems to attract Generation Zconsumers so much.(在社交媒体的推动下，怀旧似乎对Z世代的消费者非常有吸引力)”可知，画线词前的this指“‘怀旧’似乎十分吸引Z世代消费者”这一事实；下文“Brands must understand what their audience is looking for in a nostalgia play and then work out how to feed this appetite.(品牌必须了解他们的观众在怀旧剧中寻找什么，然后想出如何满足他们的胃口)”说明商家还要深入了解该消费群体的真正需求，而非仅仅依靠“怀旧营销”。由此推断，此处表示“怀旧营销”不是成功的密码。cheat code意为“成功秘诀”，与A项意思相近。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Having grown up online, where any trend from any era is instantly accessible and social media platforms deliver an unending stream of memories, this generation is hardwired (与生俱来的) for nostalgia.(在网络上长大，任何时代的任何趋势都可以立即获得，社交媒体平台提供了无休止的记忆流，这一代人天生就有怀旧情结)”可知，Z世代年轻人生长于网络时代，很容易在网络上获得有关各个年代的趋势信息，因此容易被“怀旧风”吸引。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Leaning into nostalgia can help convey this, and when it comes to awakening memories, nothing beats the physical experience.(倾向于怀旧可以帮助传达这一点，当谈到唤醒记忆时，没有什么比身体体验更好的了)”可知，亲身的体验更容易唤起记忆。由此推断，要想用好“怀旧营销”策略，商家最好提供亲身的体验。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Super charged by social media, nostalgia (怀旧) seems to attract Generation Zconsumers so much. However, this doesn’t mean throwing it back is a cheat code for marketing success with Generation Z. Brands must understand what their audience is looking for in a nostalgia play and then work out how to feed this appetite.(在社交媒体的推动下，怀旧似乎对z世代的消费者非常有吸引力。然而，这并不意味着把它扔回去是Z世代营销成功的作弊码。品牌必须了解他们的用户在怀旧剧中寻找什么，然后想出如何满足他们的胃口)”以及本文主要分析了“怀旧营销”现象爆发背后的原因，并给出了让“怀旧”发挥最佳作用的策略和建议，D项“用怀旧促进商业发展的建议”符合文章主旨。故选D项。 【07】（24-25高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习）Each country has its own culture, and there are many differences between different countries in culture. Those differences make our world a more colorful and exciting place to live in. Here are a few of them. In India, it is usual for guests to take off their shoes when entering their host's house, while in Thailand it is the opposite. No Thai guest would ever uncover the soles (底面) of their feet because this is the “lowest” part of the body. In Austria, men should avoid paying women the compliment: “You are really looking great.” In Turkey it is perfectly normal and in no way offensive (冒犯的) to mention the fact that a lady has become a little heavier since you last saw her. But in Austria caution is advisable. The apparently appreciative words “You’re looking great” will be understood as “You’ve put on weight”. Mexicans never give a lady red roses! In Mexico, red roses are only used to put on tombs. White roses, by contrast , are not problematic. But in China people often buy red roses for ladies. In Japan, no one is bothered if the person they are talking to falls asleep! If someone closes their eyes while the other person is speaking, this is not a sign of boredom or tiredness, but of interest and concentration! If the boss falls asleep during a meeting, it is not considered bad leadership. In fact it indicates that he has complete confidence in this staff! In most countries, the thumbs-up (竖起大拇指) sign is a gesture of approval. But in Australia, it’s a different story. Many foreign hitchhikers (免费搭乘者) are surprised that no one ever seems willing to give them a ride. In Australia, the classical thumbs-up gesture of getting a lift means “Get Lost!” Chinese people do not have the same concept of privacy as Americans do. They talk about topics such as ages, income or marriage, which Americans think are annoying and unacceptable. Having a good knowledge of those cultural differences can help better understand and communicate with people from different countries. 1．What does the underlined word “compliment” in the third paragraph mean? A．Gifts of makeup. B．Clothes that they choose. C．Extra money that they made. D．Expression of praise and admiration. 2．According to the passage, what is considered impolite in Mexico? A．To take off your shoes at a host's house. B．To give a lady red roses out of admiration. C．To mention that a lady has become heavier. D．To express approval with the thumbs-up gesture. 3．What is this passage mainly about? A．Gestures in the world. B．Suggestions for visitors. C．Regulations for travelers. D．Customs in various countries. 4．What idiom can you think of after reading the story? A．It is never too old to learn. B．East or west, home is the best. C．Birds of a feather flock together. D．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同国家的文化习俗。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“You are really looking great.(你看起来真棒)”可知，这是赞美的话。从而推知“compliment”是赞美和钦佩的表达。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Mexicans never give a lady red roses! In Mexico, red roses are only used to put on tombs.(墨西哥人从不送女士红玫瑰!在墨西哥，红玫瑰只被用来放在坟墓上)”可知，在墨西哥送一位女士红玫瑰以示爱慕被认为是不礼貌的。故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Each country has its own culture, and there are many differences between different countries in culture. (每个国家都有自己的文化，不同国家之间的文化有很多差异)”可知，本文主要讲的是不同国家的文化习俗。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段“Having a good knowledge of those cultural differences can help better understand and communicate with people from different countries. (了解这些文化差异有助于更好地理解并与来自不同国家的人交流)”可知，本文告诉我们了解不同国家的文化习俗有助于更好地理解并与来自不同国家的人交流。所以会使我们想到“入乡随俗”。故选D项。 【08】（24-25高三上·上海·阶段练习）Imagine a world in which your life is filled with intelligent advertisements. Jaron Lanier, who was an adviser on “Minority Report”, asci- fi film, worries that this could be the future. A few platform firms, he fears, will control what consumers see and hear and other companies will have to use some of their profits (by buying ads) to gain access to them. That may sound ridiculous, but it is increasingly what investors are banking on. The total market value of a basket of a dozen American firms that depend on ad revenue, or are designing their strategies around it, has risen by 126% over the past five years. The part of America’s economy that is ad- centric has become systematically important, with a market value that is larger than the banking industry. The huge sums being bet on advertising raise a question: how much of it can America take?A back- of- the- envelope calculation by Schumpeter suggests that stock prices currently imply that American advertising revenues will rise from 1% of GDP today, to as much as 1.8% of GDP by 2027-a massive-mp. Since 1980 the average has been 1.3%, according to Jonathan Barnard of Zenith, a media agency, and in the past few years the advertising market relative to GDP has been shrinking. There are reasons why it might go on, points out Bob Norman of Group M, another media agency. In the old days advertisers in Time magazine or on billboards in Times Square were what only giant firms could afford. But tech platforms have done a brilliant job of persuading smaller companies to spend money targeting customers. Adverts could become even more effective at identifying customers and attracting them to spend money, using data that have been gathered to anticipate their needs. As commerce shifts online, firms will cut back on conventional marketing, freeing up budgets to spend more on digital ads. Yet there is a logical limit to the size of the advertising market: the irritation factor, or how much consumers can absorb without being put off. The golden rule used to be that ads could comprise no more than 33-50% of TV or radio programming, or of a magazine’s pages, says Rishad Tobacco wala, of Publicis, an advertising firm. The digital world is already showing signs of saturation. More people are using ad- blocking software. Tech brands that avoid bombarding(狂轰滥炸) customers with ads, such as Apple and Netflix, are wildly popular. 1．What can be learned from paragraph 2? A．Some decisions that investors make are ridiculous. B．Investors are optimistic about intelligent advertising. C．The banking industry itself has been shrinking greatly. D．More American firms devote themselves to advertising. 2．According to Bob Norman, why might American advertising revenues account for a larger part of GDP? A．Conventional marketing is losing its appeal. B．Giant firms will spend much more on advertising. C．Advertising will be available to more and more firms. D．Customers are becoming more willing to spend money. 3．By “The digital world is already showing signs of saturation”( paragraph 6), the writer means that________. A．ad- blocking software needs to be used more widely B．customers can hardly skip a website filled with advertisement C．the digital world is not as advanced as commonly thought D．the online advertising market may have reached its limit 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The limits of intelligent advertising. B．The prospects of intelligent advertising. C．The advantages of intelligent advertising. D．The dominance of intelligent advertising. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要探讨了智能广告相关的情况，包括投资者对其的态度、广告收入在 GDP 中占比的变化趋势、广告市场规模的限制因素等，重点阐述了智能广告面临的一些限制。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段内容“The total market value of a basket of a dozen American firms that depend on ad revenue, or are designing their strategies around it, has risen by 126% over the past five years. The part of America’s economy that is ad - centric has become systematically important, with a market value that is larger than the banking industry.(一打依赖广告收入或围绕广告收入设计战略的美国公司的总市值在过去五年中增长了126%。美国以广告为中心的经济部分已变得具有系统重要性，其市值大于银行业。)”可以推断出，投资者对智能广告持乐观态度，因为相关公司市值增长且广告部分在经济中的重要性提升，故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Bob Norman of Group M, another media agency. In the old days advertisers in Time magazine or on billboards in Times Square were what only giant firms could afford. But tech platforms have done a brilliant job of persuading smaller companies to spend money targeting customers.( Group M 的鲍勃·诺曼（Bob Norman）是另一家媒体机构的代表。过去，只有在《时代》杂志或时代广场的广告牌上投放广告，才是大公司才负担得起的宣传方式。但科技平台在说服小公司花钱进行精准客户营销方面做得非常出色。)”可知，由于科技平台的作用，更多的公司可以进行广告投放，这可能使美国广告收入在GDP中占比更大。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据前文“Yet there is a logical limit to the size of the advertising market: the irritation factor, or how much consumers can absorb without being put off.(然而，广告市场的规模存在一个合理的限制：刺激性因素，即消费者在不被厌烦的情况下能接受多少广告。)”以及本句“The digital world is already showing signs of saturation.(数字世界已经显示出饱和的迹象。)”可知，作者认为广告市场的规模存在一个消费者在不被厌烦的情况下能接受多少广告的限制，可推理出作者认为在线广告市场可能已经达到了极限，故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Imagine a world in which your life is filled with intelligent advertisements. Jaron Lanier, who was an adviser on “Minority Report”, asci- fi film, worries that this could be the future.(想象一下，你的生活充满了智能广告的世界。科幻电影《少数派报告》的顾问雅龙·拉尼尔担心这可能会成为未来)”及最后一段“Yet there is a logical limit to the size of the advertising market: the irritation factor, or how much consumers can absorb without being put off. The digital world is already showing signs of saturation.(然而，广告市场的大小有一个合理的限度：刺激因素，或者消费者在不反感的情况下能接受多少广告。数字世界已经显示出饱和的迹象)”可知，文章主要介绍了智能广告的局限性。故选A项。 【09】（24-25高三上·江西九江·开学考试）Plants are known to respond to seasonal changes by budding (发芽), leafing, and flowering. As climate change stands to shift these so-called phenological (物候的) stages in the life cycle of plants, access to data about phenological changes — from many different locations and in different plants — can be used to draw conclusions about the actual consequences of climate change. However, conducting such analyses require a large amount of data and data collection of this scale would be unthinkable without the help of citizen scientists. “Mobile apps like Flora Incognita could help solve this issue. The app allows users to identify unknown wild plants within a matter of seconds. When I take a picture of a plant with the app, the observation is recorded with the exact location as well as a time stamp,” says the first author Karin Mora, research fellow at Leipzig University. Although satellite data also records the phenology of entire ecosystems from above, they do not provide information about the processes taking place on the ground. The researchers developed an algorithm (算法) that draws on almost 10 million observations of nearly 3,000 plants species identified in Germany by users of Flora Incognita. The data show that each individual plant has its own cycle as to when it begins a flowering or growth phase. Furthermore, the scientists were able to show that group behaviour arises from the behaviour of individuals. From this, they were able to conclude ecological patterns and investigate how these change with the seasons. For example, ecosystems by rivers differ from those in the mountains, where phenological events start later. It is known that climate change is causing seasonal shifts — for example, spring is arriving earlier and earlier. How this affects the relationship between plants and pollinating insects and therefore potentially also food security is still being subject to further research. The new algorithm can now be used to better analyse the effects of these changes on the plant world. 1．What is the significance of data about phenological changes? A．It can serve as the indicator of weather. B．It can help people to select the best seeds. C．It can show the actual effects of climate change. D．It can be used to change the life cycle of plants. 2．What does the underlined part “this issue” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Collecting data. B．Sorting out species. C．Identifying plants. D．Checking climate change. 3．What conclusion did researchers draw using the new algorithm? A．Spring is becoming longer and longer. B．All plants have their own growth cycle. C．Group behaviour affects individual behaviour. D．Ecological patterns in different areas are similar. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How citizen scientists use mobile apps to collect data. B．How climate change is affecting the growth of plants. C．How a plant app helps identify the impact of climate change. D．How Flora Incognita allows users to identify unknown wild plants. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个研究小组开发了一种算法，这种算法可以分析来自FloraIncognita应用程序的观测数据，以判断气候变化对植物的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“As climate change stands to shift these so-called phenological (物候的) stages in the life cycle of plants, access to data about phenological changes — from many different locations and in different plants — can be used to draw conclusions about the actual consequences of climate change. (由于气候变化改变了植物生命周期中所谓的物候阶段，获取来自许多不同地点和不同植物的物候变化数据，可以用来得出关于气候变化实际后果的结论。)”可知，物候变化数据的意义在于它能反映气候变化的实际影响。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线部分所在句的上一段“However, conducting such analyses require a large amount of data and data collection of this scale would be unthinkable without the help of citizen scientists. (然而，进行这样的分析需要大量的数据，如果没有公民科学家的帮助，这种规模的数据收集是不可想象的。)”和画线部分的上文“Mobile apps like Flora Incognita could help solve (像Flora Incognita这样的移动应用程序可以帮助解决)”可知，文中先提到需要收集大规模的数据，然后提到如Flora Incognita这样的移动应用程序可以发挥解决的作用，由此可知，程序解决的是收集数据的问题，画线部分指代的是收集数据。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The data show that each individual plant has its own cycle as to when it begins a flowering or growth phase. (数据显示，每一株植物都有自己的开花或生长周期。)”可知，研究人员利用新算法得出的结论是，所有植物都有自己的生长周期。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第五段中“The researchers developed an algorithm (算法) that draws on almost 10 million observations of nearly 3,000 plants species identified in Germany by users of Flora Incognita. (研究人员开发了一种算法，该算法利用了Flora Incognita用户在德国发现的近3000种植物的近1000万份观察结果。)”可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员利用开发的新算法分析来自Flora Incognita应用程序中的观测数据，以判断气候变化对植物的影响。故选C项。 【10】（24-25高三上·云南昆明·阶段练习）If you recently had trouble figuring out if an image of a person is real or generated through artificial intelligence (AI), you’re not alone. A new study from University of Waterloo researchers found that people had more difficulty than was expected distinguishing who is a real person and who is artificially generated. The Waterloo study saw 260 participants provided with 20 unlabeled pictures: 10 of which were of real people obtained from Google searches, and the other 10 generated by Stable Diffusion or DALL-E, two commonly used AI programs that generate images. Participants were asked to label each image as real or AI-generated and explain why they made their decision. Only 61% of participants could tell the difference between AI-generated people and real ones, far below the 85% threshold (门槛) that researchers expected. “People are not as adept at making the distinction as they think they are,” said Andreea Pocol, a PhD candidate in Computer Science at the University of Waterloo. Participants paid attention to details such as fingers, teeth, and eyes as possible indicators when looking for AI-generated content - but their assessments weren’t always correct. Pocol noted that the nature of the study allowed participants to compare photos in detail, while most Internet users look at images in passing. “People who are just doomscrolling (滚动) or don’t have time won’t pick up on these clues,” Pocol said. Pocol added that the extremely rapid rate at which AI technology is developing makes it particularly difficult to understand the potential for malicious or illegal action posed by AI-generated images. The pace of academic research and legislation (立法) isn’t often able to keep up: AI-generated images have become even more realistic since the study began in late 2022. “Disinformation isn’t new, but the tools of disinformation have been constantly shifting and progressing,” Pocol said. “It may get to a point where people, no matter how trained they are, will still struggle to differentiate real images from fakes. That’s why we need to develop tools to identify and counter this.” 1．What does the underlined word “adept” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Expert. B．Quick. C．Alarmed. D．Puzzled. 2．What decreased the accuracy of the result of the experiment? A．Ignoring facial expressions. B．Drawing a conclusion in a hurry. C．Lacking professional guidance. D．Failing to distinguish the details. 3．What’s Pocol’s advice on dealing with disinformation? A．Providing people with related training. B．Banning the spread of fake information. C．Doing some field research in person. D．Developing practical tools to identify it. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Methods of distinguishing disinformation. B．Threats caused by AI-generated images. C．Difficulties in telling AI-generated images. D．Differences between artificial and real images. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了滑铁卢大学研究人员发现人们在区分真实人物图像与AI生成图像时遇到的困难，并介绍了研究的具体情况及结果。 1．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Only 61% of participants could tell the difference between AI-generated people and real ones, far below the 85% threshold (门槛) that researchers expected.(只有61%的参与者能够分辨出人工智能生成的人和真实人物之间的区别，远低于研究人员预期的85%的门槛)”可知，人们并不像自己认为的那样善于区分。所以划线词的意思是“擅长的，熟练的”与A选项“熟练的”同义。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Participants paid attention to details such as fingers, teeth, and eyes as possible indicators when looking for AI-generated content - but their assessments weren’t always correct. Pocol noted that the nature of the study allowed participants to compare photos in detail, while most Internet users look at images in passing.(在寻找人工智能生成的内容时，参与者会注意手指、牙齿和眼睛等细节，作为可能的指标，但他们的评估并不总是正确的。Pocol指出，这项研究的本质是允许参与者详细地比较照片，而大多数互联网用户都是匆匆看照片)”可知，匆忙下结论降低了实验结果的准确性。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“That’s why we need to develop tools to identify and counter this.(这就是为什么我们需要开发工具来识别和应对这种情况)”可知，Pocol对处理虚假信息的建议是开发实用的工具来识别它。故选D项。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“If you recently had trouble figuring out if an image of a person is real or generated through artificial intelligence (AI), you’re not alone. A new study from University of Waterloo researchers found that people had more difficulty than was expected distinguishing who is a real person and who is artificially generated.(如果你最近很难弄清楚一个人的图像是真实的还是通过人工智能生成的，那么你并不孤单。滑铁卢大学研究人员的一项新研究发现，人们比预期更难以区分谁是真人，谁是人造的)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了人们在区分人工智能生成的图像时遇到的困难。故选C项。 【11】（24-25高三上·云南大理·开学考试）Recent developments in robotics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning have brought us in the eye of the storm of a new automation age. About half of the work carried out by people was likely to be automated by 2055 with adaption to technology, a McKinsey Global Institute report predicted. Automation can enable businesses to improve performance by reducing errors and improving quality and speed, and in some cases achieving outcomes that go beyond human capabilities. At a time of weak productivity growth worldwide, automation technologies can provide the much-needed promotion of economic growth, according to the report. Automation could raise productivity growth globally by 0.8 percent to 1.4 percent. At a global level, technically automated activities involved 1.1 billion employees and 11.9 trillion U.S. dollars in wages, the report said. The report also showed that activities most influenced by automation were physical ones in highly structured and predictable environments, as well as data collection and processing. In the United States, these activities make up 51 percent of activities in the economy, accounting for almost 2.7 trillion dollars in wages. They are most common in production, accommodation and food service, and the retail (零售) trade. And it’s not just low-skill, low-wage work that is likely to be influenced by automation; middle-skill and high-paying, high-skill occupations, too, have a degree of automation potential. The robots and computers not only can perform a range of routine physical work activities better and more cheaply than humans, but are also increasingly capable of accomplishing activities that require cognitive (认知的) capabilities, such as feeling emotions or driving. While much of the current debate about automation has focused on the potential that many people may be replaced and therefore lose their financial resources, the analysis shows that humans will still be needed: The total productivity gains will only come about if people work alongside machines. 1．What is the report mainly about? A．Comparisons of robots with humans. B．Analysis of automation’s potential in economy. C．Prediction of the unemployment problem. D．Explanations of the concept of the automation age. 2．What might happen in 2055 according to the text? A．Automation will cause weak productivity growth. B．Automation will reduce employees’ wages. C．Activities like data collection and processing will disappear. D．Activities involve feeling emotions can be performed by robots. 3．How does the author feel about human workers? A．Worried. B．Mixed. C．Optimistic. D．Doubtful. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Automation: A challenge to all? B．Automation: Where to go from here? C．Automation: Who is the eventual winner? D．Automation: A future replacement for humans? 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麦肯锡全球研究院的一份报告。报告预测，到2055年，随着对技术的适应，大约一半的人类工作有可能实现自动化。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的句子“About half of the work carried out by people was likely to be automated by 2055 with adaption to technology, a McKinsey Global Institute report predicted. (麦肯锡全球研究所(McKinsey Global Institute)的一份报告预测，到2055年，随着技术的发展，大约一半的人类工作可能会实现自动化。)”和接下来三段的展开论述可知，这篇报告主要分析了自动化对经济的影响，探讨了自动化在提高效率、推动经济增长方面的作用，以及这一趋势对不同类型工作的影响。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容“The robots and computers not only can perform a range of routine physical work activities better and more cheaply than humans, but are also increasingly capable of accomplishing activities that require cognitive capabilities, such as feeling emotions or driving. (机器人和计算机不仅可以比人类更好、更便宜地完成一系列日常体力劳动，而且也越来越有能力完成需要认知能力的活动，比如感受情绪或驾驶。)”可知，机器人和计算机会越来越能够完成需要认知能力才能完成的事，例如感受情绪或驾驶车辆。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While much of the current debate about automation has focused on the potential that many people may be replaced and therefore lose their financial resources, the analysis shows that humans will still be needed: The total productivity gains will only come about if people work alongside machines. (虽然目前关于自动化的争论主要集中在许多人可能被取代从而失去经济资源的可能性上，但分析表明，人类仍然是需要的：只有当人类与机器一起工作时，总生产率才会提高。)”可知，作者对人类工作者持积极乐观的态度。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文开头主要介绍了机器人技术、人工智能和机器学习的最新发展使人类处于一个新的自动化时代的风口浪尖。麦肯锡全球研究院的一份报告预测，到2055年，随着对技术的适应，大约一半的人工工作有可能实现自动化。接着文章展开介绍了自动化对经济及不同类型工作的影响，最后提出人类和机器一起工作，总生产率提高才会实现。因此D项“自动化：未来人类的替代品？”适合作本文标题。故选D。 【12】（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）In a street largely unchanged since it was built in the 1800s, Hobart's Battery Point is probably the last place you would expect to find a farm. In one corner of Peter Handy's backyard is a controlled environment unit that houses the vertical farm (垂直农场), the first of its kind in the southern hemisphere (半球). Mr. Handy is changing the definition of what it means to be a farmer. “I know it's really funny, because when people say to me, ‘Where's your farm?’, I'll say, ‘It's in Battery Point.’ and they're like, ‘No, there's no farm in Battery Point.’,” he said. “People think the Martians (火星人) have landed because we've got this massive pink light that comes out of it from the bottom, but other than that, they have no idea.” Not just a backyard project, Mr. Handy is running a business. “It's here because I need to be as close as possible to my customers, the chefs and restaurants of Hobart,” he said. “I aim to use the fewest food miles and make this a super-efficient business.” Using LED lights and hydroponic nutrients, the farm grows leafy greens, root vegetables and flowering plants. “I don't have to worry about floods, winds, wild animals, electric fences, turning the soil over,” Mr. Handy said. Using 95 percent less water than traditional farming, the farm ticks all the boxes environmentally. “I mean, this is definitely not the answer to food sustainability (可持续性) in the world. But it's definitely part of it.” Science writer Julian Cribb believes a world food crisis is coming, due to a combination of loss of water, loss of topsoil, climate change and overuse of chemicals. “We're going to need to change the way we produce food and change the human diet at the same time,” he said, “and new urban farming methods would make most of the world's great cities feed themselves.” Mr. Cribb said Australia was still quite a way off from adopting urban farming. But he believes that it poses a rather unique opportunity for Australian farmers to sell their professional knowledge to cities, teaching people to grow food in urban environments. 45．What might people think of Mr. Handy's farm? A．Scary. B．Impressive. C．Disappointing. D．Confusing. 46．What does Mr. Handy say about his farm? A．It is not affected by weather. B．It mainly produces flowers. C．It serves customers from near and far. D．It is the solution to food shortages. 47．What's the purpose of Mr. Cribb's words in Paragraph 5? A．To praise his contribution to science. B．To explain how urban farming works. C．To stress the necessity of urban farming. D．To present the seriousness of the food crisis. 48．What's the passage mainly about? A．Cities are struggling to get food. B．Technology is changing people's life. C．Peter Handy is a successful businessman. D．Food production is being moved into cities. 【答案】45．D 46．A 47．C 48．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Peter Handy位于霍巴特的创新垂直农场，这是南半球第一个这样的农场。尽管Handy所在的地区自19世纪以来就没有改变过，但他正在重新定义农业，经营一项优先考虑与顾客(如当地厨师和餐馆)接近的业务，并旨在最大限度地减少食物里程。他的农场采用LED灯和水培方法，比传统农业节水95%，避免了许多环境挑战。 45．推理判断题。根据第二段中““I know it's really funny, because when people say to me, ‘Where's your farm?’, I'll say, ‘It's in Battery Point.’ and they're like, ‘No, there's no farm in Battery Point.’,” he said. “People think the Martians(火星人) have landed because we've got this massive pink light that comes out of it from the bottom, but other than that, they have no idea.””（“我知道这真的很有趣，因为当人们对我说，‘你的农场在哪里？’，我会说，‘在Battery Point。’他们说，‘不，Battery Point没有农场。’”他说。“人们认为火星人已经着陆了，因为我们从底部看到了巨大的粉红色光，但除此之外，他们不知道。”）可知，人们认为Battery Point没有农场；垂直农场发出的巨大的粉红色光线让人们误认为是火星人着陆了。故可推知，人们对Handy先生的农场感到困惑。故选D。 46．推理判断题。根据第四段的第二句““I don't have to worry about floods, winds, wild animals, electric fences, turning the soil over,” Mr. Handy said.”（“我不用担心洪水、大风、野兽、电栅栏，也不用担心翻土，” Handy说。）可推知，Handy先生的农场不会受到天气的影响。故选A。 47．推理判断题。根据第五段中““We're going to need to change the way we produce food and change the human diet at the same time,” he said, “and new urban farming methods would make most of the world's great cities feed themselves.””（“我们需要改变生产食物的方式，同时改变人类的饮食习惯，”他说，“新的城市农业方法将使世界上大多数大城市能够自给自足。”）可知，Cribb 认为，一场世界粮食危机即将到来。我们将需要改变我们生产食物的方式，同时改变人类的饮食,而新的城市农业方法会使世界上大多数大城市都能自给自足。由此可推知，Cribb的话的目的是强调发展城市农业的必要性。故选C。 48．主旨大意题。文章第一段提到农场建在了城市的街道；第二、三、四段具体介绍了该农场;第五段讲了在城市建农场的必要性；最后一段提到澳大利亚采用城市农场的方法还需要相当长的时间，但它为农民提供了一个机会，可以向城市出售他们的专业知识，教人们在城市环境中种植粮食。由以上信息可推知，本文主要讲了农业种植向城市发展。D项“粮食生产正在向城市转移”能够概括文章内容。故选D。 【13】（23-24高二下·江西·期末）Researchers have developed a groundbreaking method of storing and handling valuable biological materials that removes the limitations of refrigerated storage. The novel method has potential applications in healthcare and scientific research. Biological materials that come from human cells, like enzymes, proteins, and antibodies, are crucial to developing new medicines and diagnostic tests. And they’re fragile. Extremely temperature-sensitive, they require a constant temperature during storage, handling, and transportation. If not stored or handled correctly, these materials will be inactive, which can be costly. Most biological materials are stored as liquids or freeze-dried powders and kept at low temperatures for the duration of their shelf life. This is achieved through a complex integrated system of refrigerators and freezers known as the cold chain. This requires a significant investment in equipment and infrastructure, making it expensive to maintain, and makes the cold chain prone to shipping delays, power outages, equipment failure and human error. Inspired from the home medicine cabinet (储藏柜), where medications are stored in the form of liquids, powder-filled capsules, and tablets, researchers at California Polytechnic State University have developed a new storage platform based on the humble tablet that would enable biological materials to be compressed (压缩) into a solid state. Tablets provide advantages to the storage and handling of biomaterials that the cold chain doesn’t. For one thing, they can be stored at room temperature. And, when they’re required, the tablet can be dissolved in water. “Our innovation makes storing and using biomaterials as straightforward as an effervescent tablet (泡腾片). Just drop it into water, mix, and it’s ready to go,” said the researcher of the study. The researchers say their new tablet-based storage and handling method is easy to use and doesn’t require special training, making it suitable for many applications. They also see potential uses beyond just improving the storage and handling of biological materials. By modifying (修改) the tablet coatings, this solid-state storage platform could withstand extreme conditions like heat, humidity, and chemicals. These changes might eventually allow injectable medications, such as insulin, to be taken orally. 49．What is a special requirement to store biological materials? A．Constant temperature maintenance. B．Exposure to various temperatures. C．Periodically freezing and melting. D．Direct contact with air. 50．What is the researchers’ attitude to their storage method? A．Favorable. B．Skeptical. C．Disappointed. D．Grateful. 51．Which word can replace the underlined word “withstand” in the last paragraph? A．Demonstrate. B．Stand. C．Adopt. D．Distinguish. 52．What is the text mainly about? A．Challenges of storing biological materials. B．The making process of effervescent tablets. C．Healthcare applications of biological materials. D．A new tablet storage method of biological materials. 【答案】49．A 50．A 51．B 52．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了加州州立理工大学的研究人员通过研究，找到了可以在常温下存储和处理生物材料的方法。 49．细节理解题。根据第二段“And they’re fragile. Extremely temperature-sensitive, they require a constant temperature during storage, handling, and transportation. If not stored or handled correctly, these materials will be inactive, which can be costly.(而且它们很脆弱。它们对温度极为敏感，在储存、搬运和运输过程中需要恒温。如果储存或处理不当，这些材料将处于非活性状态，这可能会带来高昂的成本)”可知，生物材料对温度极其敏感，在储存、处理和运输过程中需要恒定的环境温度。故选A。 50．推理判断题。根据第五段““Our innovation makes storing and using biomaterials as straightforward as an effervescent tablet (泡腾片). Just drop it into water, mix, and it’s ready to go,” said the researcher of the study.(该研究的研究人员说：“我们的创新使生物材料的储存和使用变得像泡腾片一样简单。只需将其放入水中，混合，即可使用。”)”以及最后一段“The researchers say their new tablet-based storage and handling method is easy to use and doesn’t require special training, making it suitable for many applications. They also see potential uses beyond just improving the storage and handling of biological materials.(研究人员表示，他们新的基于平板电脑的存储和处理方法易于使用，不需要特殊培训，因此适用于许多应用。他们还看到了除了改善生物材料的储存和处理之外的潜在用途)”可知，研究人员认为储存方法很简单，并易于使用，由此可知，研究人员对他们的储存方法持赞成的态度。故选A。 51．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“By modifying (修改) the tablet coatings, this solid-state storage platform could withstand extreme conditions like heat, humidity, and chemicals.(通过修改平板电脑的涂层，这种固态存储平台可以withstand高温、潮湿和化学物质等极端条件)”可推知，此处表示经过涂层修改后，固态存储平台可以承受极端条件，划线单词表示“承受”，与Stand意义相近。故选B。 52．主旨大意题。通读全文以及第一段“Researchers have developed a groundbreaking method of storing and handling valuable biological materials that removes the limitations of refrigerated storage. The novel method has potential applications in healthcare and scientific research.(研究人员开发了一种突破性的储存和处理有价值生物材料的方法，消除了冷藏的局限性。这种新方法在医疗保健和科学研究方面具有潜在的应用前景)”可知，本文主要介绍了加州州立理工大学的研究人员通过研究，找到的一种可以在常温下存储和处理生物材料的方法。故选D。 【14】（23-24高三上·江西赣州·期末）Ships are the lifeline of trade among countries. Almost everything, from food to machinery, comes by way of the sea in huge ships piloted by captains. But the captain of a ship is responsible for guiding the vessel until they hit a port, waiting to enter the harbor. The task of bringing the ship into the harbor and docking it is taken up by a different captain. This captain is called a marine pilot. A marine pilot is a boat pilot with specialized knowledge of a particular port or harbor. The pilot is needed to direct large ships into a port, where there are often deep-water channels surrounded by shallower seabeds. Without the services of a marine pilot, docking ships would be hazardous. There would be a real chance of running aground and damaging the ship and the cargo, some of which might be dangerous if released into a water-based ecosystem. In addition to the shallower seabeds, tide and wind pose further challenges for bringing ships into a port. During different tides, currents may change from one direction to the other. The same strategy for docking a ship during an incoming tide may not work during an outgoing tide. Also, the wind can significantly alter the direction of the ship and how it reacts, adding to the difficulty of docking the ship. Marine pilotage is a job that requires a high degree of proficiency as well as quick and independent thinking. Above all, it is about risk management. A marine pilot goes on board at a crucial time and controls the ship based on his or her knowledge of the port and the situation at hand. The pilot is responsible for not only the safety of the ship but also the protection of the port and the marine environment. 53．What is the passage mainly about? A．A special profession. B．Shipping and trading. C．Guidelines for safe docking. D．Protection of the marine environment. 54．Which of the following is part of the knowledge that a marine pilot must have? A．The value of the ships. B．The content of the cargo. C．The weather conditions. D．The diversity of marine life. 55．What does “a crucial time” in the last paragraph refer to? A．When the ship departs from port. B．When the channel is not deep enough. C．When there is a crash of two ships. D．When a ship is waiting to enter the port. 56．How does the author conclude the passage in the last paragraph? A．By adding new details. B．By predicting future development. C．By summarizing the main points. D．By giving advice to the general public. 【答案】53．A 54．C 55．D 56．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了海洋领航员这份特殊的职业及其工作内容。 53．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“This captain is called a marine pilot.”（这个船长被称为海洋领航员。）及第二段第一句“A marine pilot is a boat pilot with specialized knowledge of a particular port or harbor.”（海洋领航员是指对某一港口或港口有专门知识的领航员。）及最后一段第一句“Marine pilotage is a job that requires a high degree of proficiency as well as quick and independent thinking.”（海上引航是一项要求熟练程度高、思维敏捷、独立的工作。）并结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了海洋领航员这份特殊的职业及其工作内容。故选A项。 54．推理判断题。根据第三段“In addition to the shallower seabeds, tide and wind pose further challenges for bringing ships into a port. During different tides, currents may change from one direction to the other. The same strategy for docking a ship during an incoming tide may not work during an outgoing tide. Also, the wind can significantly alter the direction of the ship and how it reacts, adding to the difficulty of docking the ship.”（除了较浅的海床，潮汐和风也给船只进港带来了进一步的挑战。在不同的潮汐期间，水流可能从一个方向转向另一个方向。在涨潮时靠岸的同样策略在退潮时可能行不通。此外，风可以显著改变船舶的方向及其反应，增加了船舶停靠的难度。）可知，天气状况会给船只进港带来挑战，海洋领航员需要具有气象方面的知识，才能安全指引船只进港。故选C项。 55．词句猜测题。根据最后一段第三句“A marine pilot goes on board at a crucial time and controls the ship based on his or her knowledge of the port and the situation at hand.”（引航员在关键时刻上船，根据他或她对港口和手头情况的了解来控制船舶。）并结合第一句最后两句“The task of bringing the ship into the harbor and docking it is taken up by a different captain. This captain is called a marine pilot.”（把船带进港口并靠岸的任务由另一个船长承担。这个船长被称为海洋领航员。）可知，海洋领航员的任务是把船带进港口并靠岸，故引航员会在当一艘船等待进港时上船指挥，故a crucial time指代“一艘船等待进港的时刻”。故选D项。 56．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Marine pilotage is a job that requires a high degree of proficiency as well as quick and independent thinking. Above all, it is about risk management. A marine pilot goes on board at a crucial time and controls the ship based on his or her knowledge of the port and the situation at hand. The pilot is responsible for not only the safety of the ship but also the protection of the port and the marine environment.”（海上引航是一项要求熟练程度高、思维敏捷、独立的工作。最重要的是，它关乎风险管理。引航员在关键时刻上船，根据他或她对港口和手头情况的了解来控制船舶。引航员不仅要对船舶的安全负责，还要对港口和海洋环境的保护负责。）并结合上文描述的领航员的具体工作内容及挑战可知，本段简明扼要地总结了海上引航任务的要求及引航员的工作内容。故最后一段通过总结要点的方式来结束全文。故选C项。 【15】（2024·四川德阳·一模）Dog owners often believe that their pets understand commands such as “sit” and “stay”, and even associate words with their favorite objects. “Bring me your ball” will often result in exactly that. But science has had trouble determining whether dogs and other animals truly create a mental image in their minds upon hearing the name of an object, a relationship with language called referential understanding, which would suggest a deeper understanding of language, like the kind that humans have. A recent study conducted in Hungary, appearing in Current Biology, explores this issue. It involved 18 dogs and employed a non-invasive EEG procedure to measure their brain activity. Researchers played audio clips of their owners saying the names of objects, such as “ball” or “frisbee”, and then showed the dogs either the corresponding object or a different one to see if dogs would show a distinct brain response when the object matched the word compared to when it did not. Boros, a co-lead writer of the study, said “A different brain pattern appeared when the dogs were shown an object that matched the word compared to when it did not, indicating that they might create a mental image of the object upon hearing its name. That was previously unproven.” Lilla Magyari, another co-lead writer, noted that while other animals have shown some level of referential understanding, they often require extensive training. In contrast, the study suggests that in dogs, such abilities appear to be inborn and require no special training or talent. This finding supports that referential understanding is not necessarily unique to humans. Despite the study’s promising results, some experts are skeptical. Clive Wynne from Arizona State University argued on Facebook that the study only demonstrates dogs’ responses to stimuli (刺激物), rather than an understanding of specific words. He doubts whether dogs grasp the exact meaning of words. Scientists believe the first dogs began to be kept by humans up to 30,000 years ago. The animals have lived closely alongside us ever since. However, whether this long history of cohabitation contributed to their ability to understand referential language remains an open question. 1．What does “referential understanding” refer to? A．Associating words with emotions. B．Responding actively to commands. C．Forming mental images of objects. D．Learning objects through training. 2．How did researchers test dogs’ brain responses? A．By using different audio tones. B．By adjusting shapes of objects. C．By matching objects with words. D．By comparing different objects. 3．Which does Clive Wynne agree with about the study? A．It overestimates dogs’ cognitive abilities. B．It is widely accepted by the scientific field. C．It proves dogs know specific words very well. D．It provides a new insight about dogs’ evolution. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．What dog owners’ belief about their pets is. B．What dogs’ response to the different objects is. C．Whether we can train dogs to follow commands. D．Whether referential understanding exists in Dogs. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于狗是否具有指称理解能力，即是否能在听到物体名称时在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像的科学研究。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“But science has had trouble determining whether dogs and other animals truly create a mental image in their minds upon hearing the name of an object, a relationship with language called referential understanding, which would suggest a deeper understanding of language, like the kind that humans have.(但科学一直难以确定，狗和其他动物在听到物体的名字时，是否真的会在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像，这种与语言的关系被称为referential understanding，这表明它们对人类语言有着更深的理解)”可知，referential understanding指的前文中“狗和其他动物在听到物体的名字时，在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像”这一现象，所以，referential understanding指的是“在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像”。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Researchers played audio clips of their owners saying the names of objects, such as ‘ball’ or ‘frisbee,’ and then showed the dogs either the corresponding object or a different one to see if dogs would show a distinct brain response when the object matched the word compared to when it did not.(研究人员播放了狗主人说出物体名称（如‘球’或‘飞盘’）的音频片段，然后向狗展示相应的物体或不同的物体，以观察当物体与单词匹配时，与不匹配时相比，狗是否会表现出明显的大脑反应)”可知，研究人员是通过将物体与单词匹配来测试狗的大脑反应的。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Clive Wynne from Arizona State University argued on Facebook that the study only demonstrates dogs’ responses to stimuli (刺激物), rather than an understanding of specific words. He doubts whether dogs grasp the exact meaning of words.(亚利桑那州立大学的克莱夫·温恩在脸书上争论说，这项研究只证明了狗对刺激物的反应，而不是对特定单词的理解。他怀疑狗是否真正理解单词的确切含义)”可知，克莱夫·温恩认为这项研究高估了狗的认知能力，只是证明了狗对刺激物的反应，而不是对特定单词的理解。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“But science has had trouble determining whether dogs and other animals truly create a mental image in their minds upon hearing the name of an object, a relationship with language called referential understanding(但科学一直难以确定，狗和其他动物在听到物体的名字时，是否真的会在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像，这种与语言的关系被称为指称理解)”和最后一段中“However, whether this long history of cohabitation contributed to their ability to understand referential language remains an open question.(然而，这种长期的共同居住历史是否有助于它们理解指称语言的能力仍然是一个悬而未决的问题)”可知，文章主要介绍了关于狗是否具有指称理解能力的科学研究，即探讨狗是否能在听到物体名称时在脑海中形成该物体的心理图像。故选D项。 【16】（24-25高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习）For more than two decades, Elon Musk has focused SpaceX, his rocket company, on his lifelong goal of reaching Mars. Over the last year, he has also built up work on what will happen if he gets there. Mr. Musk, 53, has directed SpaceX employees to drill into the design and details of a Martian city, according to five people with knowledge of the efforts and documents viewed by The New York Times. One team is drawing up plans for small dome habitats, including the materials that could be used to build them. Another is working on spacesuits to combat Mars's hostile environment, while a medical team is researching whether humans can have children there. These initiatives, which are at their early stage, are a shift toward more concrete planning for life on Mars as Mr. Musk's timeline has hastened (加速). While he said in 2016 that it would take 40 to 100 years to have a self- sustaining civilization on the planet, Mr. Musk told SpaceX employees in April that he now expects one million people to be living there in about 20 years. Mr. Musk has long tried to defy(违抗) the impossible and has often managed to beat tough odds. But his vision for life on Mars takes his seemingly limitless ambitions to their most extreme — and some might say absurdist — point. No one has ever set foot on the planet. NASA doesn't expect to land humans on Mars until the 2040s. And if people get there, they will be greeted by a barren terrain, icy temperatures, dust storms, and air that is impossible to breathe. Yet Mr. Musk is so wedded (执着) to the idea of creating a civilization on Mars — he once said he plans to die there — that it has pushed nearly every business endeavor he has undertaken on Earth. His vision for Mars underlies most of the six companies that he leads or owns, each of which could potentially contribute to a space colony, according to the documents and the people with knowledge of the efforts. The Boring Company, a private tunneling venture founded by Mr. Musk, was started in part to ready equipment to dig under Mars's surface, two of the people said. Mr. Musk has told people that he bought X, the social media platform, partly to help test how a citizen-led government that rules by consensus might work on Mars. He has also said that he envisions residents on the planet will drive a version of the steel-paneled Cybertrucks made by Tesla, his electric vehicle company. 1．What measures are being taken by SpaceX to realize their dream of Mars? A．Designing large spaceships and building hospitals. B．Planning for habitats and designing spacesuits. C．Developing technologies and training medical teams. D．Building space stations and inspiring employees to strive. 2．How do some people find Mr. Musk's vision for Mars? A．Practical and achievable. B．Unreasonable and time- consuming. C．Theoretical and promising. D．Over-ambitious and ridiculous. 3．Why did Mr. Musk purchase X social media platform? A．Because he intended to create a company on Mars. B．Because he was interested in promoting social network on Mars. C．Because he wanted to make profits by running it on Mars. D．Because he dream t of a resident- managed government for Mars. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Elon Musk's determination and initiatives to put people on Mars. B．Elon Musk's efforts to overcome the challenges of exploring Mars. C．Elon Musk's overall vision for the future development of Mars. D．Elon Musk's companies on Mars and their contributions. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了Elon Musk致力于将人类送上火星的决心和举措。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“One team is drawing up plans for small dome habitats, including the materials that could be used to build them. Another is working on spacesuits to combat Mars's hostile environment, while a medical team is researching whether humans can have children there.(一个团队正在为小型圆顶栖息地制定计划，包括可以用来建造它们的材料。另一个正在研究宇航服，以对抗火星的恶劣环境，而一个医疗小组正在研究人类能否在火星上生育。)”可知，SpaceX正在计划建造栖息地和设计宇航服。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Mr. Musk has long tried to defy(违抗) the impossible and has often managed to beat tough odds. But his vision for life on Mars takes his seemingly limitless ambitions to their most extreme— and some might say absurdist— point. No one has ever set foot on the planet.(马斯克长期以来一直试图挑战不可能的事情，并经常成功地克服困难。但他对火星生活的愿景将他看似无限的野心推向了极端——有些人可能会说这是荒谬的。从来没有人踏足过这个星球。)”可知，一些人认为Musk的火星愿景是过于雄心勃勃和荒谬的。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“Mr. Musk has told people that he bought X, the social media platform, partly to help test how a citizen- led government that rules by consensus might work on Mars.(马斯克告诉人们，他收购了社交媒体平台X，部分原因是为了帮助测试一个由公民领导、以共识治国的政府如何在火星上运作。)”可知，Musk购买X社交媒体平台是为了测试在火星上由居民管理的政府如何运作。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“For more than two decades, Elon Musk has focused SpaceX, his rocket company, on his lifelong goal of reaching Mars.( 20多年来，Elon Musk一直把他的火箭公司SpaceX专注于他的终身目标——登陆火星。)”，第二段的“Mr. Musk, 53, has directed SpaceX employees to drill into the design and details of a Martian city, according to five people with knowledge of the efforts and documents viewed by The New York Times.(据了解《纽约时报》看到的相关工作和文件的五名知情人士透露，现年53岁的马斯克指示SpaceX员工深入研究一座火星城市的设计和细节。)”并通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了Elon Musk致力于将人类送上火星的决心和举措。故选A。 【17】（24-25高二上·全国·单元测试）If you could change your children’s DNA in the future to protect them against diseases, would you? It could be possible because of technology known as CRISPR/Cas, or just CRISPR. CRISPR involves a piece of RNA, a chemical messenger, designed to work on one part of DNA; it also uses an enzyme that can take unwanted genes out and put new ones in, according to The Economist. There are other ways of editing DNA, but CRISPR will do it very simply, quickly, and exactly. The use of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything from Alzheimer’s disease to cancer to AIDS. By allowing doctors to put just the right cancer⁃killing genes into a patient’s immune system, the technology could help greatly. In April scientists in China said they had tried using CRISPR to edit the genomes (基因组) of human embryos. Though the embryos would never turn into humans, this was the first time anyone had ever tried to edit DNA from human beings. With this in mind, the US National Academy of Sciences plans to discuss questions about CRISPR’s ethics (伦理标准). For example, CRISPR doesn’t work properly yet. As well as cutting the DNA it is looking for, it often cuts other DNA, too. In addition, we currently seem to have too little understanding of what DNA gives people what qualities. There are also moral questions. Of course, medicine already stops natural things from happening—for example, it saves people from infections. The opportunities to treat diseases make it hard to say we shouldn’t keep going. A harder question is whether it is ever right to edit human cells and make changes that are passed on to children. This is banned in 40 countries and restricted in many others. However, CRISPR means that if genes can be edited out, they can also be edited back in. It may be up to us as a society to decide when and where editing the genome is wrong. Also, according to The Economist, gene editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children: “Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs.” In the end, more research is still needed to see what we can and can’t do with CRISPR. “It’s still a huge mystery how we work,” Craig Mello, a UMass Chan Medical School biologist and Nobel Prize winner, told The Boston Globe. “We’re just trying to figure out this amazingly complicated thing we call life.” 1．According to the passage, what can we know about the technology of CRISPR? A．It is very safe because it only cuts the DNA it is looking for. B．It is banned in most countries and restricted in many others. C．It could cause parents to make unwise choices for their children. D．It could help us discover the link between DNA and the qualities it gives people. 2．What can be inferred from the passage? A．All diseases could probably be cured through the use of CRISPR. B．Scientists had never edited genomes before CRISPR was invented. C．CRISPR is a technology that uses an enzyme to work on RNA and DNA． D．CRISPR has proven to be the most effective way to protect children against diseases. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards CRISPR? A．Supportive. B．Worried. C．Negative. D．Objective. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．What we can and can’t do with CRISPR. B．How CRISPR was developed by scientists. C．The advantages of CRISPR and arguments about its ethics. D．Scientists’ experiments of using CRISPR to edit human embryos. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了可以通过改变基因组来治疗疾病的CRISPR技术。 1．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Also, according to The Economist, gene editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children: “Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs.”(此外，据《经济学人》报道，基因编辑可能意味着父母做出的选择显然不符合孩子的最大利益：“失聪的父母可能更喜欢他们的孩子也失聪；父母可能会不惜一切代价让孩子更聪明。”)”可知，基因编辑可能会导致父母对孩子做出不明智的选择。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The use of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything from Alzheimer’s disease to cancer to AIDS.(CRISPR的使用可能意味着从阿尔茨海默病到癌症再到艾滋病，所有疾病的治疗方法都将被开发出来)”可知，CRISPR技术使得所有疾病的治愈成为可能。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the end, more research is still needed to see what we can and can’t do with CRISPR. “It’s still a huge mystery how we work,” Craig Mello, a UMass Chan Medical School biologist and Nobel Prize winner, told The Boston Globe. “We’re just trying to figure out this amazingly complicated thing we call life.”(最后，我们还需要进行更多的研究，看看我们能用CRISPR做什么，不能做什么。马萨诸塞大学医学院生物学家、诺贝尔奖得主克雷格·梅洛告诉《波士顿环球报》：“我们是如何工作的，这仍然是一个巨大的谜团。我们只是想弄清楚我们称之为生命的这个极其复杂的东西。”)”结合作者详细介绍了CRISPR技术在治疗疾病方面的帮助作用以及人们对它的各种顾虑。作者是客观如实介绍的，所以对此技术的观点是客观的。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“If you could change your children’s DNA in the future to protect them against diseases, would you? It could be possible because of technology known as CRISPR/Cas, or just CRISPR.(如果将来你可以改变你孩子的DNA来保护他们免受疾病的侵害，你会吗？这可能是因为一种叫做CRISPR/Cas的技术，或者简称CRISPR)”结合作者在第一段以提问的形式引出了话题：CRISPR技术可以通过改变基因来治疗疾病，第二段解释了什么是CRISP R，第三段说明了它的优势，第四段到第七段介绍了CRISPR的弊端和在伦理方面引发的各种争论。故选C项。 【18】（2024·四川成都·模拟预测）Sharks and their relatives are some of the most threatened vertebrates (脊椎动物) on Earth. Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) provide homes for countless fish species that are vital for fisheries and are therefore an especially important ecosystem for humans — and one where the decline of shark populations seems to be especially acute. The study by Simpfendorfer will his team is the result of a worldwide collaboration called the Global FinPrint project. The data analyzed include more than 20,000 hours of standardized underwater video taken at nearly 400 reefs in 67 countries around the world. It reveals declines of 60 to 73% of once-abundant coral reef shark species at reefs around the world. However, the findings of Simpfendorfer with his team include signs of hope and a clear path forward. Their results show that although shark populations in many reefs had declined, some healthy reef shark populations remained. The reefs with healthier shark populations had some important similarities: they tended to be in the waters of high-income countries with stronger natural resource management regulations. A country that lacks the resources to feed its people is less able to sustainably manage and protect its biodiversity. The most unexpected result of the study is that a decline or complete loss of shark species in one reef was not always associated with similar changes in nearby reefs.They found that one reef can be over fished so badly that a once-common reef shark species is totally gone, but another reef a short distance away can have healthy populations of that same species.It is likely that healthy populations can eventually help repopulate nearby areas. The problem is clear — animals that provide ecosystem services that are vital for human food security and livelihoods are disappearing at an alarming rate. The loss of sharks and the ecosystem services they provide represents an ecological disaster that can cause substantial harm to humans. But apparently, the findings have shown a way. If the threat that led to population decline are resolved, then these important and threatened animals may recover. 1．Why is Simpfendorfer with his team mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To stress the result of global collaboration. B．To state the urgency of protecting the ocean. C．To show the severe condition of certain sharks. D．To present the figures of their contributions to sharks. 2．Simpfendorfer’s research found that healthy reef shark populations remained because of _____. A．strict laws in rich countries B．developed countries C．similarities between other waters D．public awareness of protecting reefs 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．Changes in reefs lead to loss of shark species. B．Humans and animals depend on each other in ecosystem. C．It’s not clear whether humans cause damage to biodiversity. D．The declined shark species have nothing to do with overfishing. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．Acute Decline of reef sharks. B．Potential recovery of reef sharks. C．Global cooperation of saving sharks. D．Amazing discovery of Coral reefs. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究发现，因为人类活动对珊瑚礁的破坏，礁鲨数量的下降似乎尤为严重，但Simpfendorfer和他的团队也发现了衰退的礁鲨的恢复潜力。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“It reveals declines of 60 to 73% of once-abundant coral reef shark species at reefs around the world.(该报告显示，世界各地曾经丰富的珊瑚礁鲨鱼物种减少了60%至73%)”可知，第二段提到Simpfendorfer和他的团队是为了引出关于珊瑚礁的研究报告，显示某些鲨鱼的严重状况。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Their results show that although shark populations in many reefs had declined, some healthy reef shark populations remained. The reefs with healthier shark populations had some important similarities: they tended to be in the waters of high-income countries with stronger natural resource management regulations.(他们的研究结果表明，尽管许多珊瑚礁的鲨鱼数量下降了，但一些健康的珊瑚礁鲨鱼数量仍然存在。鲨鱼数量更健康的珊瑚礁有一些重要的相似之处:它们往往位于自然资源管理法规更强的高收入国家的水域)”可知，Simpfendorfer的研究发现，由于发达国家有严格的法律，健康的礁鲨种群仍然存在。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The loss of sharks and the ecosystem services they provide represents an ecological disaster that can cause substantial harm to humans.(鲨鱼及其提供的生态系统服务的丧失是一场生态灾难，可能对人类造成重大伤害)”可知，鲨鱼及其提供的生态系统服务的丧失是一场生态灾难，会对人类造成重大伤害，可得出人类和动物在生态系统中共存。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) provide homes for countless fish species that are vital for fisheries and are therefore an especially important ecosystem for humans—and one where the decline of shark populations seems to be especially acute.(珊瑚礁为无数对渔业至关重要的鱼类提供了家园，因此对人类来说是一个特别重要的生态系统，而鲨鱼数量的下降似乎尤为严重)”结合文章讲述了研究发现，因为人类活动对珊瑚礁的破坏，礁鲨数量的下降似乎尤为严重，但Simpfendorfer和他的团队也发现了衰退的礁鲨的恢复潜力，B项“礁鲨的潜在恢复”能概括文章大意。故选B。 【19】（2024·辽宁·模拟预测）Deep below the ground, radioactive elements break up water molecules (分子), producing substances that can fuel subsurface life. This process, known as radiolysis (辐射分解), has supported bacteria in tiny cracks filled with water on Earth for millions to billions of years. Now a study published in Astrobiology shows that radiolysis may have supported life in the Martian subsurface. Dust storms, rays in the universe and solar winds ruin the Red Planet’s surface. But below, some life might find shelter. “The best survival habitat on Mars is the subsurface,” said Jesse Tarnas, a planetary scientist at NASA．Examining the Martian underground could help scientists learn whether life existed there. And the best subsurface samples available today are Martian meteorites (陨石) that have crash-landed on Earth. Tarnas and his colleague looked at the minerals on the Martian surface and how many radioactive elements there were, using satellite and rover data. They used computers to simulate (模拟) radiolysis to see how efficiently the process would have generated life-supporting hydrogen gas and other chemical substances. They reported that if water was present, radiolysis could have supported life for billions of years and perhaps still could today. Scientists had previously studied Mars radiolysis, but this marked the first estimate using Martian rocks to see how habitable Mars underground might be. Tarnas and his colleagues also evaluated the potential richness of life in Martian underground. They found that up to a million bacteria could exist. in just one kilogram of rock. The most habitable seemed to be the southern highlands of Mars, which is the most ancient area on Mars, according to Tarnas. “Underground life would require water and it remains unknown if groundwater exists on the planet,” says Lujendra Ojha, a planetary scientist at Rutgers University. Determining whether the Martian’ subsurface contains water will be an important next step, but this investigation helps to motivate that search. Ojha says, “Where there is groundwater, there could be life.” 1．What does radiolysis refer to according to the passage? A．The formation of water deep underground. B．The breakdown of rocks in the Earth’s core. C．The production of energy from radioactive elements. D．The process of radioactive elements splitting water molecule. 2．How did Tarnas and his colleague carry out their research? A．By simulating with collected data. B．By comparing original data. C．By engaging in a Martian field research. D．By conducting a survey. 3．Which can be inferred from the last 2 paragraphs? A．Tarnas is the first to study Mars radiolysis. B．The presence of groundwater is key to the findings. C．Ojha questions that underground life exists on Mars. D．The southern highlands of Mars was home to millions of bacteria. 4．What is the research mainly about? A．The reason for no life on the Martian surface. B．The data source for the study of Martian habitability. C．The possibility of Mars sustaining life through radiolysis. D．The richness of radioactive elements below the Martian surface. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家通过研究认为火星地下的放射性元素通过辐射分解水分子可能支持了生命的存在，探讨了火星通过辐射分解维持生命的可能性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Deep below the ground, radioactive elements break up water molecules (分子), producing substances that can fuel subsurface life. This process, known as radiolysis (辐射分解),(在地下深处，放射性元素分解水分子，产生可以为地下生命提供燃料的物质。这一过程被称为辐解分解)”可知，辐射分解是指放射性元素分解水分子的过程。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Tarnas and his colleague looked at the minerals on the Martian surface and how many radioactive elements there were, using satellite and rover data. They used computers to simulate (模拟) radiolysis to see how efficiently the process would have generated life-supporting hydrogen gas and other chemical substances. (Tarnas和他的同事利用卫星和火星车的数据研究了火星表面的矿物质以及其中有多少放射性元素。他们使用计算机模拟辐解分解，以了解该过程产生维持生命的氢气和其他化学物质的效率)”可知，Tarnas和他的同事是通过收集的数据进行模拟来开展研究的。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Scientists had previously studied Mars radiolysis, but this marked the first estimate using Martian rocks to see how habitable Mars underground might be. Tarnas and his colleagues also evaluated the potential richness of life in Martian underground. They found that up to a million bacteria could exist in just one kilogram of rock. The most habitable seemed to be the southern highlands of Mars, which is the most ancient area on Mars, according to Tarnas.(科学家们之前曾研究过火星的辐解分解，但这标志着首次使用火星岩石来了解火星地下的宜居程度。Tarnas和他的同事还评估了火星地下生命的潜在丰富性。他们发现，仅一公斤的岩石中就可能存在多达一百万种细菌。据Tarnas称，最适合居住的似乎是火星南部高地，这是火星上最古老的地区)”以及最后一段“Determining whether the Martian’ subsurface contains water will be an important next step, but this investigation helps to motivate that search. Ojha says, “Where there is groundwater, there could be life.”(确定火星地下是否含水将是下一步的重要工作，但这项调查有助于推动搜索。Ojha说：“哪里有地下水，哪里就有生命。”)”可推知，地下水的存在是研究发现的关键。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now a study published in Astrobiology shows that radiolysis may have supported life in the Martian subsurface.(现在发表在《天体生物学》上的一项研究表明，辐解分解可能支持了火星地下的生命)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了科学家通过研究认为火星地下的放射性元素通过辐射分解水分子可能支持了生命的存在，探讨了火星通过辐射分解维持生命的可能性。故选C项。 【20】（2024·福建宁德·三模）Ammonia (氨) is one of many pollutants present in wastewater and can be poisonous for marine and land life. Therefore, in a process called air stripping(空气吹脱), it is removed from wastewater and later use o as a fertilizer or fuel. Air stripping transforms ammonia into a gas that can then escape the wastewater from its surface. But this process is not efficient: it is energy-intensive, and requires specific temperatures, air supply, and a lot of chemicals, making it expensive. Addressing these disadvantages, researchers from South Korea have demonstrated that the simple application of an electric field during air stripping can considerably improve the efficiency of ammonia removal, even under sub-standard conditions. “So far, the removal of ammonia from wastewater was thought to be dependent on only pH, temperature, and air supply. However we have shown that an electric field can also act as a modulator (调节器) of this process,” says Prof. Young-Chae Song, the lead investigator on this study. Prof. Song and his team used a combination of live experiments with an ammonia removal tank and deep learning to understand how electric fields of different strengths influence the efficiency of ammonia removal from wastewater. They found that electric fields with an alternating current of 50 MHz and a power of 15 V/cm significantly improve the ammonia removal efficiency, increasing it from 51% to 94%, even under sub-standard conditions. Therefore, improved ammonia yields could be achieved while considerably reducing the consumption of energy and chemicals. Prof. Song comments, “Our findings showed that electric field application provides a similar efficiency of ammonia removal to conventional methods at a much lower temperature, air supply, and pH. Moreover, the energy needed to power the electric field is a minute part of the energy required to achieve these ‘excellent’ conditions.” Indeed, this new electric field-coupled platform could provide a more economical way of getting-ammonia from wastewater and reducing the carbon footprint associated with this process. 1．What happens to ammonia during air stripping? A．It becomes a fertilizer. B．It stays on the water. C．It changes into another state. D．It disappears in the process. 2．What can be inferred from Prof. Song’s words? A．Electric fields slow the process of the removal. B．Much energy is needed to achieve good conditions. C．The removal of ammonia depends on electric fields. D．The use of electric fields improves the traditional method. 3．What is the function of the new platform? A．To power air stripping. B．To lower the temperature. C．To provide economical energy. D．To remove ammonia at a lower cost. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The discovery of electric fields. B．An electric field-coupled platform. C．A new technological advancement. D．Electric field s of different strengths. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章报道了韩国研究人员发现，在空气吹脱过程中简单应用电场可以显著提高氨氮去除效率的新技术。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Ammonia (氨) is one of many pollutants present in wastewater and can be poisonous for marine and land life. Therefore, in a process called air stripping(空气吹脱), it is removed from wastewater and later use o as a fertilizer or fuel. Air stripping transforms ammonia into a gas that can then escape the wastewater from its surface.(氨是废水中存在的众多污染物之一，对海洋和陆地生物都是有毒的。因此，在一个称为空气剥离的过程中，它从废水中去除，然后用作肥料或燃料。空气剥离将氨转化为一种气体，然后可以从废水表面逸出)”可知，在空气剥离过程中氨会变成另一种状态。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段““So far, the removal of ammonia from wastewater was thought to be dependent on only pH, temperature, and air supply. However we have shown that an. electric field can also act as a modulator (调节器) of this process,” says Prof. Young-Chae Song, the lead investigator on this study.(“到目前为止，人们认为从废水中去除氨只取决于pH值、温度和空气供应。但是我们已经证明了。电场也可以作为这一过程的调制器，”这项研究的首席研究员Young-Chae Song教授说)”可推知，电场的使用改进了传统的方法。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Indeed, this new electric field-coupled platform could provide a more economical way of getting-ammonia from wastewater and reducing the carbon footprint associated with this process.(事实上，这种新的电场耦合平台可以提供一种更经济的方式从废水中提取氨，并减少与此过程相关的碳足迹)”可知，新平台的功能是以较低的成本去除氨。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Addressing these disadvantages, researchers from South Korea have demonstrated that the simple application of an electric field during air stripping can considerably improve the efficiency of ammonia removal, even under sub-standard conditions.(针对这些缺点，来自韩国的研究人员已经证明，在空气剥离过程中简单地应用电场可以大大提高氨的去除效率，即使在不合标准的条件下也是如此)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了在空气吹脱过程中简单应用电场可以显著提高氨氮去除效率的新技术。故选C项。 试卷第36页，共37页 37 / 37 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ · 第08辑二轮专题 2025届阅读微技能之文章大意题 · （提分干货+高考真题+名校模拟）原卷版 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，提供高效提分干货，帮你举一反三提分 一、记叙文主旨大意题 1.看首段和尾段，以尾段为主 2.借助主题词或关键词归纳 二、说明文和议论文主旨大意题 1.看首段和每段段首句，以首段为主 2.借助主题词或关键词归纳 三、文章大意题错误选项典型错误 一是“以偏概全”：选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意； 二是“概括宽泛”：所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容； 三是“无中生有”：即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。 四、文章大意五种题型 题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。 题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。 题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ short, all in all, in conclusion, in a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。 题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 五、文章大意题思维导图 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分技巧和应试思维！ (2024新课标II卷第31题)We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ 【01】（24-25高三上·重庆·期中）The city of Antwerp in Belgium is encouraging people to try out gardening in a very unusual way. If you ride the NO.1 tram (电车), you may have gotten a glimpse of a rolling urban garden going down the tracks. That’s because the inside of one of the trams was turned into a garden complete with plants hanging from the ceilings and walls. The decorative tram operated for a day in early June 2023 as a way to inspire people to make their city greener. After all, if a 35-meter-long tram can become a forest inside, so can ordinary people’s homes. The tram was part of the Neighborhood In Bloom initiative that offers residents — with green thumbs — facade (建筑物正面) gardens, plants, and garlands (花环) to hang between homes. The facade gardens can hang between houses across the street from one another. The district is responsible for creating the gardens, while the residents are responsible for the care and feeding of the garden. This is part of the new edition of Neighborhood in Bloom. Since the initiative began in 2022, more than 200 facade greens, 170 sections of new trees, and over 100 green garlands were created. Urban gardens do more than just beautify a city. Plants and trees can help to cool cities and mitigate urban heat island effects as well as help to clean the air. They also give a home to nesting birds, squirrels and beneficial insects. Green spaces are also very good for people’ s wellbeing. Spending time in nature can help lift your mood, reduce stress, improve sleep, and promote physical and mental health. Creating your own urban green space is easy thanks to initiatives like Neighborhood in Bloom. So, if you have a green thumb, plant a garden and enjoy all the benefits that an urban garden has to offer. 1．Why did Antwerp turn a tram into a garden? A．To sell more plants. B．To attract more visitors. C．To beautify the tracks. D．To get people to garden. 2．What is the public’s attitude towards the Neighborhood in Bloom initiative? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Intolerant. D．Unclear. 3．What does the underlined word “mitigate” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Increase. B．Create. C．Reduce. D．Investigate. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Antwerp’s initiative to green urban areas. B．Antwerp’s national gardening month. C．A temporary tram turned into a forest. D．The benefits of urban gardens for health. 【02】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）In the 1980s, Ray Barnett worked in Uganda as a humanitarian worker. One day, a boy went to him and showed his gratitude by singing a song, which deeply touched Barnett’s heart. “When I went back to Canada and people were not interested in Uganda, I remembered the small boy. I knew that if some Ugandan children could travel to the West, people would be deeply moved and would certainly want to help,” Barnett recalls. In April 1984, Barnett and a team of volunteers travelled back to Uganda to select 31 children who would become the first African Children’s Choir. In September 1984, the choir arrived in North America and achieved more throughout their tour than Barnett could imagine. They inspired audiences with their stories through music, dance and drama and raised enough funds to open a children’s home in Uganda. This provided a stable environment and a quality education for the choir children and other children who needed care. While Barnett had thought of the choir as a one-time attempt, the choir’s instant popularity and the ongoing needs in Uganda convinced him to continue with choir work. In 1985, a second choir was selected from an orphanage home in Makerere, Kikoni, and the African Children’s Choir began another tour. Its success meant it was able to provide for many children beyond those in the choir. Over the next years, six more homes were established to cater for vulnerable children. A number of special literacy schools were established where the children learned how to read and write, and gained confidence and skills. The organization next established a sponsorship programme to help the children move further in their schooling. In 1990, the African Children’s Choir spread its wings and opened in Kenya. In 1994, it opened in Rwanda. In 1996, it opened another branch in South Sudan, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa. Currently, the African Children’s Choir is made up of 44 choirs, each with between 17-24 members, both boys and girls aged between 7-15. 1．Why did Barnett return to Uganda in 1984? A．To provide humanitarian aid to the area. B．To search for the boy he had met before. C．To organize a choir to help poor children. D．To send donations from Canadians to Uganda. 2．How was the children’s first performance? A．It was an unexpected hit. B．It barely covered its costs. C．It was an ordinary attempt. D．It was enjoyed by orphans. 3．What can we infer about the African Children’s Choir from the last two paragraphs? A．It is well-received by local parents and schools. B．It has grown rapidly and more kids benefit from it. C．It suffers financial difficulty and requires sponsoring. D．It pays more attention to kids’ schooling instead of music. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．A great choir brings hope to African kids. B．Music is a bridge across different cultures. C．The African Children’s Choir changes Africa. D．Music can shake off poverty and bring happiness. 【03】（24-25高三上·山东·阶段练习）A team of researchers looked at a decade’s worth of responses to an online survey about morals and analyzed how these responses changed from one season to the next. Their findings suggest that, at a population level, people are less likely to endorse(赞成)more traditional moral values in summer and winter. The researchers relied on data from a website called YourMorals. org, which offers a “moral foundations questionnaire” where respondents can rate how strongly they agree or disagree that something is right or wrong. The questions were based on moral foundations theory to explore why morality seems to follow similar patterns across populations from very different cultures. According to the theory, morality can be broken down into five foundational values care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity-and these belong to two groups: individualizing values and binding values. The seasonal pattern in response was not evident for all types of values. For instance, individualizing values, focusing on the morality of individual rights, showed little variation over time and didn’t follow a seasonal trend. However, binding values values that prioritize the needs of one’s group, including loyalty, respect for authority, and purity of tradition--followed a biannual pattern. To attempt to better understand the results, the researchers also looked at patterns in Google search results related to anxiety. What they found was that population-level patterns in anxiety also followed a seasonal cycle peaking in the spring and fall, which suggests a potential correlation(关联性). Spring and fall are often thought of as the most pleasant seasons, so an increase in anxiety during these times might seem unexpected. But it’s possible that increases in school and work - related changes during these times could play some role. They also suggest that anxiety might decrease in winter due to seasonal holidays, and in summer due to warmer weather and increased vegetation. “We often think of moral values as these unchangeable principles that we hold close,” Professor Hohm says. But they’re actually subject to all kinds of influences that might pass us by unnoticed. Being aware of how that happens could help us better understand and plan for seasonal shifts. 1．Which will not follow a seasonal trend? A．Purity of tradition. B．Loyalty to one’s party. C．Fairness among people. D．Respect for authority. 2．Why do people feel most anxious in spring and autumn? A．Changes in temperature. B．Increased holiday expenses. C． Reduction in vegetable varieties D．New challenges from school and work. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Moral values are steady. B．Moral principles are changeable. C．Moral influences may be ignored. D．Moral changes can affect plan making. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Our morals change with the seasons. B．Anxiety rises when we feel threatened. C．Seasons influence our minds and behaviors. D．Individualizing values and binding values differ. 【04】（24-25高三上·辽宁大连·期中）A French study published last month in the Journal Animal Cognition found that not only do cats react to what scientists call cat-directed speech — a high-pitched voice similar to how we talk to babies — but they react to who is doing the talking. “We found that when hearing their owners using a high-pitched voice, the cats reacted more than when they heard their owner speaking normally to another human adult,” said Charlotte de Mouzon, an author of the study and cat behavior expert at the Université Paris Nanterre. “But surprisingly, it didn’t work when it came from a stranger’s voice.” Unlike with dogs, cat behavior is difficult to study, which is part of why humans understand them less. Cats are often so stressed when studied in a lab that meaningful behavioral observations become less likely. And forget about getting a cat’s M. R. I. scan for its brain function study. So the researchers for the latest study went to the cats’ homes and played recordings of different types of speech and different speakers. “Their reactions were very subtle (微妙的),” Dr. de Mouzon said. “It could be just moving an ear or turning the head towards the speaker or even freezing what they were doing.” In a few cases, the cats would approach the speaker playing a voice and meow. The findings showed that “cats are paying close attention to their caretakers, down to not only what they are saying, but how they are saying it,” said Dr. de Mouzon. The relationships between a cat and its owner replicate (复制) the connection between a kitten and its mother. “It is possible that attachment behaviors originally intended for interactions with their mother have now been modified for interactions with their new caretakers, humans.” “For years, scientists didn’t ask the right questions about cats,” Dr. de Mouzon said. Now those who are convinced of the disloyalty of cats won’t like the answers. Cats don’t hate us after all, Dr. de Mouzon said, adding that “a growing body of work supports the idea that social interaction with humans is key in the life of a cat.” 1．Which section can you expect to find this passage in a magazine? A．Our Furry Friends. B．Flora and Gardens. C．Crafts and Furnishing. D．Health and Well-being. 2．According to the study, which of the following may capture a cat’s attention? A．An adult’s ordinary voice. B．A baby’s high-pitched voice. C．A stranger’s high-pitched speech. D．An owner’s cat-directed speech. 3．How did the researchers conduct the research? A．By giving the cats an M. R. I. scan. B．By comparing cats and dogs behaviors. C．By replicating a kitten-mother relationship. D．By observing cat’s reaction to some recordings. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．New evidence disapproves that cat are cold. B．Cats treat their owners the way they treat their mothers. C．Cats respond to their owners well when communicated properly. D．The social interaction between cats and humans is important to cats. 【05】（24-25高三上·江苏南京·期中）When it takes days to get to a city, seeking medical help can be a challenge. This is the reality in many villages in Amdo county, Nagchu city of the Xizang autonomous region. The county spans approximately 100,000 square kilometers, an area as vast as Jiangsu province. Due to the vastness and sparse (稀少的) population, a unique healthcare system has been established here. Tsega has worked as a village doctor in Amdo for over 40 years, shuttling between grasslands and pastoral areas. “In the past, without vehicles, upon receiving messages about someone falling ill, sometimes I had to ride a horse, sometimes walk. It would take a four to five-day round trip to some villages,” Tsega said. With an average elevation exceeding 5,000 meters, conditions in Amdo make high-altitude cardiovascular diseases, gout (痛风) and high blood pressure relatively common. Discovering his passion for healing and helping others in his early 20s, Tsega embarked on self-study of Tibetan and traditional Chinese medicines, and later pursued over a year of professional training at the People’s Hospital in Nagchu, becoming proficient in Western medicine as well. Drawing from his years of medical experience, he tailors treatment methods — be it Tibetan, Chinese, Western or a combination — based on each patient’s needs. During his visits, he carries a variety of medications provided by the township hospital and purchases some himself. Tsega believes that soaking in hot springs can help ease pain or prevent illnesses related to high altitude. Over the past decade, he has personally funded annual hot spring activities for the elderly, weak and disabled across the area. In 1974, Tsega also cooperated with personnel from the Lanzhou military and geological teams for a 40-day filming project, capturing the beauty and fragility of the Yangtze River’s source. Since then, he has devoted his spare time to cleaning up the surrounding area, contributing to environmental protection efforts. 1．What made offering medical help difficult in the past in Amdo? A．Sparse population. B．Traffic inconvenience. C．High altitude. D．Environmental pollution. 2．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．fascinated by B．skilled at C．gifted in D．blessed with 3．Which of the following best describes Tsega’s personality? A．committed and selfless B．passionate and courageous C．sympathetic and grateful D．considerate and disciplined 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Tsega devotes his lifetime to environmental protection. B．The medical challenge has been tackled in sparsely populated areas. C．A doctor has used hot springs to relieve high-altitude diseases. D．A doctor is devoted to treating patients in a remote county. 【06】（24-25高三上·山东滨州·开学考试）Remember the future? From jet packs to artificial intelligence, visions of tomorrow once preoccupied our collective imagination. Lately though, young people are addicted to looking the other way. Super charged by social media, nostalgia (怀旧) seems to attract Generation Zconsumers so much. However, this doesn’t mean throwing it back is a cheat code for marketing success with Generation Z. Brands must understand what their audience is looking for in a nostalgia play and then work out how to feed this appetite. So what’s behind this nostalgia explosion? Having grown up online, where any trend from any era is instantly accessible and social media platforms deliver an unending stream of memories, this generation is hardwired (与生俱来的) for nostalgia. We see this reflected in the big cultural hits of recent years — TV shows and the music of Olivia Rodrigo — where strongly nostalgic elements inspire wild followers. For nostalgia to work best, something else needs to be going on. The search for connected experiences among Generation Z is also often linked to hype (炒作) culture. Nostalgic launches that connect with hype culture are a great way to create a certain audience, but their success rests on playing into the memories of existing customers as well as the new ones. It’s about tapping into comforting images still fixed in their consciousness. But Gen Z is about more than online hype and being digitally native. Gen Zers want clarity, credibility, and honesty from their brands. Leaning into nostalgia can help convey this, and when it comes to awakening memories, nothing beats the physical experience. Brands with the vision to bring nostalgia into physical spaces can create an even deeper connection with this audience. Ultimately, whether online or through brick-and-mortar (实体店),  nostalgia will always be part of the marketing toolkit. To use it most effectively, brands need to become more ambitious yet clever. More culturally savvy (有见识的), but sincere. And most important, they really need to know their audience — otherwise, that audience will start looking in another direction. 1．Which is closest in meaning to “cheat code” in paragraph 2? A．The secret to success. B．A way of cheating. C．A fake password. D．A wrong number. 2．Why does nostalgia become so popular with the young generation? A．This generation is born with the love for the Internet. B．Young children are deeply influenced by adults. C．There are numerous old TV shows and music works. D．Online information about the past is easily accessed. 3．Which of the following is the most effective way to use nostalgia? A．TV advertisements. B．Online hype. C．Physical experience. D．Existing customers. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Value of memories about the past times. B．Reasons why nostalgia becomes so popular. C．Characteristics of the Generation Z consumers. D．Suggestions on promoting business with nostalgia. 【07】（24-25高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习）Each country has its own culture, and there are many differences between different countries in culture. Those differences make our world a more colorful and exciting place to live in. Here are a few of them. In India, it is usual for guests to take off their shoes when entering their host's house, while in Thailand it is the opposite. No Thai guest would ever uncover the soles (底面) of their feet because this is the “lowest” part of the body. In Austria, men should avoid paying women the compliment: “You are really looking great.” In Turkey it is perfectly normal and in no way offensive (冒犯的) to mention the fact that a lady has become a little heavier since you last saw her. But in Austria caution is advisable. The apparently appreciative words “You’re looking great” will be understood as “You’ve put on weight”. Mexicans never give a lady red roses! In Mexico, red roses are only used to put on tombs. White roses, by contrast , are not problematic. But in China people often buy red roses for ladies. In Japan, no one is bothered if the person they are talking to falls asleep! If someone closes their eyes while the other person is speaking, this is not a sign of boredom or tiredness, but of interest and concentration! If the boss falls asleep during a meeting, it is not considered bad leadership. In fact it indicates that he has complete confidence in this staff! In most countries, the thumbs-up (竖起大拇指) sign is a gesture of approval. But in Australia, it’s a different story. Many foreign hitchhikers (免费搭乘者) are surprised that no one ever seems willing to give them a ride. In Australia, the classical thumbs-up gesture of getting a lift means “Get Lost!” Chinese people do not have the same concept of privacy as Americans do. They talk about topics such as ages, income or marriage, which Americans think are annoying and unacceptable. Having a good knowledge of those cultural differences can help better understand and communicate with people from different countries. 1．What does the underlined word “compliment” in the third paragraph mean? A．Gifts of makeup. B．Clothes that they choose. C．Extra money that they made. D．Expression of praise and admiration. 2．According to the passage, what is considered impolite in Mexico? A．To take off your shoes at a host's house. B．To give a lady red roses out of admiration. C．To mention that a lady has become heavier. D．To express approval with the thumbs-up gesture. 3．What is this passage mainly about? A．Gestures in the world. B．Suggestions for visitors. C．Regulations for travelers. D．Customs in various countries. 4．What idiom can you think of after reading the story? A．It is never too old to learn. B．East or west, home is the best. C．Birds of a feather flock together. D．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 【08】（24-25高三上·上海·阶段练习）Imagine a world in which your life is filled with intelligent advertisements. Jaron Lanier, who was an adviser on “Minority Report”, asci- fi film, worries that this could be the future. A few platform firms, he fears, will control what consumers see and hear and other companies will have to use some of their profits (by buying ads) to gain access to them. That may sound ridiculous, but it is increasingly what investors are banking on. The total market value of a basket of a dozen American firms that depend on ad revenue, or are designing their strategies around it, has risen by 126% over the past five years. The part of America’s economy that is ad- centric has become systematically important, with a market value that is larger than the banking industry. The huge sums being bet on advertising raise a question: how much of it can America take?A back- of- the- envelope calculation by Schumpeter suggests that stock prices currently imply that American advertising revenues will rise from 1% of GDP today, to as much as 1.8% of GDP by 2027-a massive-mp. Since 1980 the average has been 1.3%, according to Jonathan Barnard of Zenith, a media agency, and in the past few years the advertising market relative to GDP has been shrinking. There are reasons why it might go on, points out Bob Norman of Group M, another media agency. In the old days advertisers in Time magazine or on billboards in Times Square were what only giant firms could afford. But tech platforms have done a brilliant job of persuading smaller companies to spend money targeting customers. Adverts could become even more effective at identifying customers and attracting them to spend money, using data that have been gathered to anticipate their needs. As commerce shifts online, firms will cut back on conventional marketing, freeing up budgets to spend more on digital ads. Yet there is a logical limit to the size of the advertising market: the irritation factor, or how much consumers can absorb without being put off. The golden rule used to be that ads could comprise no more than 33-50% of TV or radio programming, or of a magazine’s pages, says Rishad Tobacco wala, of Publicis, an advertising firm. The digital world is already showing signs of saturation. More people are using ad- blocking software. Tech brands that avoid bombarding(狂轰滥炸) customers with ads, such as Apple and Netflix, are wildly popular. 1．What can be learned from paragraph 2? A．Some decisions that investors make are ridiculous. B．Investors are optimistic about intelligent advertising. C．The banking industry itself has been shrinking greatly. D．More American firms devote themselves to advertising. 2．According to Bob Norman, why might American advertising revenues account for a larger part of GDP? A．Conventional marketing is losing its appeal. B．Giant firms will spend much more on advertising. C．Advertising will be available to more and more firms. D．Customers are becoming more willing to spend money. 3．By “The digital world is already showing signs of saturation”( paragraph 6), the writer means that________. A．ad- blocking software needs to be used more widely B．customers can hardly skip a website filled with advertisement C．the digital world is not as advanced as commonly thought D．the online advertising market may have reached its limit 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The limits of intelligent advertising. B．The prospects of intelligent advertising. C．The advantages of intelligent advertising. D．The dominance of intelligent advertising. 【09】（24-25高三上·江西九江·开学考试）Plants are known to respond to seasonal changes by budding (发芽), leafing, and flowering. As climate change stands to shift these so-called phenological (物候的) stages in the life cycle of plants, access to data about phenological changes — from many different locations and in different plants — can be used to draw conclusions about the actual consequences of climate change. However, conducting such analyses require a large amount of data and data collection of this scale would be unthinkable without the help of citizen scientists. “Mobile apps like Flora Incognita could help solve this issue. The app allows users to identify unknown wild plants within a matter of seconds. When I take a picture of a plant with the app, the observation is recorded with the exact location as well as a time stamp,” says the first author Karin Mora, research fellow at Leipzig University. Although satellite data also records the phenology of entire ecosystems from above, they do not provide information about the processes taking place on the ground. The researchers developed an algorithm (算法) that draws on almost 10 million observations of nearly 3,000 plants species identified in Germany by users of Flora Incognita. The data show that each individual plant has its own cycle as to when it begins a flowering or growth phase. Furthermore, the scientists were able to show that group behaviour arises from the behaviour of individuals. From this, they were able to conclude ecological patterns and investigate how these change with the seasons. For example, ecosystems by rivers differ from those in the mountains, where phenological events start later. It is known that climate change is causing seasonal shifts — for example, spring is arriving earlier and earlier. How this affects the relationship between plants and pollinating insects and therefore potentially also food security is still being subject to further research. The new algorithm can now be used to better analyse the effects of these changes on the plant world. 1．What is the significance of data about phenological changes? A．It can serve as the indicator of weather. B．It can help people to select the best seeds. C．It can show the actual effects of climate change. D．It can be used to change the life cycle of plants. 2．What does the underlined part “this issue” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Collecting data. B．Sorting out species. C．Identifying plants. D．Checking climate change. 3．What conclusion did researchers draw using the new algorithm? A．Spring is becoming longer and longer. B．All plants have their own growth cycle. C．Group behaviour affects individual behaviour. D．Ecological patterns in different areas are similar. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How citizen scientists use mobile apps to collect data. B．How climate change is affecting the growth of plants. C．How a plant app helps identify the impact of climate change. D．How Flora Incognita allows users to identify unknown wild plants. 【10】（24-25高三上·云南昆明·阶段练习）If you recently had trouble figuring out if an image of a person is real or generated through artificial intelligence (AI), you’re not alone. A new study from University of Waterloo researchers found that people had more difficulty than was expected distinguishing who is a real person and who is artificially generated. The Waterloo study saw 260 participants provided with 20 unlabeled pictures: 10 of which were of real people obtained from Google searches, and the other 10 generated by Stable Diffusion or DALL-E, two commonly used AI programs that generate images. Participants were asked to label each image as real or AI-generated and explain why they made their decision. Only 61% of participants could tell the difference between AI-generated people and real ones, far below the 85% threshold (门槛) that researchers expected. “People are not as adept at making the distinction as they think they are,” said Andreea Pocol, a PhD candidate in Computer Science at the University of Waterloo. Participants paid attention to details such as fingers, teeth, and eyes as possible indicators when looking for AI-generated content - but their assessments weren’t always correct. Pocol noted that the nature of the study allowed participants to compare photos in detail, while most Internet users look at images in passing. “People who are just doomscrolling (滚动) or don’t have time won’t pick up on these clues,” Pocol said. Pocol added that the extremely rapid rate at which AI technology is developing makes it particularly difficult to understand the potential for malicious or illegal action posed by AI-generated images. The pace of academic research and legislation (立法) isn’t often able to keep up: AI-generated images have become even more realistic since the study began in late 2022. “Disinformation isn’t new, but the tools of disinformation have been constantly shifting and progressing,” Pocol said. “It may get to a point where people, no matter how trained they are, will still struggle to differentiate real images from fakes. That’s why we need to develop tools to identify and counter this.” 1．What does the underlined word “adept” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Expert. B．Quick. C．Alarmed. D．Puzzled. 2．What decreased the accuracy of the result of the experiment? A．Ignoring facial expressions. B．Drawing a conclusion in a hurry. C．Lacking professional guidance. D．Failing to distinguish the details. 3．What’s Pocol’s advice on dealing with disinformation? A．Providing people with related training. B．Banning the spread of fake information. C．Doing some field research in person. D．Developing practical tools to identify it. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Methods of distinguishing disinformation. B．Threats caused by AI-generated images. C．Difficulties in telling AI-generated images. D．Differences between artificial and real images. 【11】（24-25高三上·云南大理·开学考试）Recent developments in robotics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning have brought us in the eye of the storm of a new automation age. About half of the work carried out by people was likely to be automated by 2055 with adaption to technology, a McKinsey Global Institute report predicted. Automation can enable businesses to improve performance by reducing errors and improving quality and speed, and in some cases achieving outcomes that go beyond human capabilities. At a time of weak productivity growth worldwide, automation technologies can provide the much-needed promotion of economic growth, according to the report. Automation could raise productivity growth globally by 0.8 percent to 1.4 percent. At a global level, technically automated activities involved 1.1 billion employees and 11.9 trillion U.S. dollars in wages, the report said. The report also showed that activities most influenced by automation were physical ones in highly structured and predictable environments, as well as data collection and processing. In the United States, these activities make up 51 percent of activities in the economy, accounting for almost 2.7 trillion dollars in wages. They are most common in production, accommodation and food service, and the retail (零售) trade. And it’s not just low-skill, low-wage work that is likely to be influenced by automation; middle-skill and high-paying, high-skill occupations, too, have a degree of automation potential. The robots and computers not only can perform a range of routine physical work activities better and more cheaply than humans, but are also increasingly capable of accomplishing activities that require cognitive (认知的) capabilities, such as feeling emotions or driving. While much of the current debate about automation has focused on the potential that many people may be replaced and therefore lose their financial resources, the analysis shows that humans will still be needed: The total productivity gains will only come about if people work alongside machines. 1．What is the report mainly about? A．Comparisons of robots with humans. B．Analysis of automation’s potential in economy. C．Prediction of the unemployment problem. D．Explanations of the concept of the automation age. 2．What might happen in 2055 according to the text? A．Automation will cause weak productivity growth. B．Automation will reduce employees’ wages. C．Activities like data collection and processing will disappear. D．Activities involve feeling emotions can be performed by robots. 3．How does the author feel about human workers? A．Worried. B．Mixed. C．Optimistic. D．Doubtful. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Automation: A challenge to all? B．Automation: Where to go from here? C．Automation: Who is the eventual winner? D．Automation: A future replacement for humans? 【12】（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）In a street largely unchanged since it was built in the 1800s, Hobart's Battery Point is probably the last place you would expect to find a farm. In one corner of Peter Handy's backyard is a controlled environment unit that houses the vertical farm (垂直农场), the first of its kind in the southern hemisphere (半球). Mr. Handy is changing the definition of what it means to be a farmer. “I know it's really funny, because when people say to me, ‘Where's your farm?’, I'll say, ‘It's in Battery Point.’ and they're like, ‘No, there's no farm in Battery Point.’,” he said. “People think the Martians (火星人) have landed because we've got this massive pink light that comes out of it from the bottom, but other than that, they have no idea.” Not just a backyard project, Mr. Handy is running a business. “It's here because I need to be as close as possible to my customers, the chefs and restaurants of Hobart,” he said. “I aim to use the fewest food miles and make this a super-efficient business.” Using LED lights and hydroponic nutrients, the farm grows leafy greens, root vegetables and flowering plants. “I don't have to worry about floods, winds, wild animals, electric fences, turning the soil over,” Mr. Handy said. Using 95 percent less water than traditional farming, the farm ticks all the boxes environmentally. “I mean, this is definitely not the answer to food sustainability (可持续性) in the world. But it's definitely part of it.” Science writer Julian Cribb believes a world food crisis is coming, due to a combination of loss of water, loss of topsoil, climate change and overuse of chemicals. “We're going to need to change the way we produce food and change the human diet at the same time,” he said, “and new urban farming methods would make most of the world's great cities feed themselves.” Mr. Cribb said Australia was still quite a way off from adopting urban farming. But he believes that it poses a rather unique opportunity for Australian farmers to sell their professional knowledge to cities, teaching people to grow food in urban environments. 45．What might people think of Mr. Handy's farm? A．Scary. B．Impressive. C．Disappointing. D．Confusing. 46．What does Mr. Handy say about his farm? A．It is not affected by weather. B．It mainly produces flowers. C．It serves customers from near and far. D．It is the solution to food shortages. 47．What's the purpose of Mr. Cribb's words in Paragraph 5? A．To praise his contribution to science. B．To explain how urban farming works. C．To stress the necessity of urban farming. D．To present the seriousness of the food crisis. 48．What's the passage mainly about? A．Cities are struggling to get food. B．Technology is changing people's life. C．Peter Handy is a successful businessman. D．Food production is being moved into cities. 【13】（23-24高二下·江西·期末）Researchers have developed a groundbreaking method of storing and handling valuable biological materials that removes the limitations of refrigerated storage. The novel method has potential applications in healthcare and scientific research. Biological materials that come from human cells, like enzymes, proteins, and antibodies, are crucial to developing new medicines and diagnostic tests. And they’re fragile. Extremely temperature-sensitive, they require a constant temperature during storage, handling, and transportation. If not stored or handled correctly, these materials will be inactive, which can be costly. Most biological materials are stored as liquids or freeze-dried powders and kept at low temperatures for the duration of their shelf life. This is achieved through a complex integrated system of refrigerators and freezers known as the cold chain. This requires a significant investment in equipment and infrastructure, making it expensive to maintain, and makes the cold chain prone to shipping delays, power outages, equipment failure and human error. Inspired from the home medicine cabinet (储藏柜), where medications are stored in the form of liquids, powder-filled capsules, and tablets, researchers at California Polytechnic State University have developed a new storage platform based on the humble tablet that would enable biological materials to be compressed (压缩) into a solid state. Tablets provide advantages to the storage and handling of biomaterials that the cold chain doesn’t. For one thing, they can be stored at room temperature. And, when they’re required, the tablet can be dissolved in water. “Our innovation makes storing and using biomaterials as straightforward as an effervescent tablet (泡腾片). Just drop it into water, mix, and it’s ready to go,” said the researcher of the study. The researchers say their new tablet-based storage and handling method is easy to use and doesn’t require special training, making it suitable for many applications. They also see potential uses beyond just improving the storage and handling of biological materials. By modifying (修改) the tablet coatings, this solid-state storage platform could withstand extreme conditions like heat, humidity, and chemicals. These changes might eventually allow injectable medications, such as insulin, to be taken orally. 49．What is a special requirement to store biological materials? A．Constant temperature maintenance. B．Exposure to various temperatures. C．Periodically freezing and melting. D．Direct contact with air. 50．What is the researchers’ attitude to their storage method? A．Favorable. B．Skeptical. C．Disappointed. D．Grateful. 51．Which word can replace the underlined word “withstand” in the last paragraph? A．Demonstrate. B．Stand. C．Adopt. D．Distinguish. 52．What is the text mainly about? A．Challenges of storing biological materials. B．The making process of effervescent tablets. C．Healthcare applications of biological materials. D．A new tablet storage method of biological materials. 【14】（23-24高三上·江西赣州·期末）Ships are the lifeline of trade among countries. Almost everything, from food to machinery, comes by way of the sea in huge ships piloted by captains. But the captain of a ship is responsible for guiding the vessel until they hit a port, waiting to enter the harbor. The task of bringing the ship into the harbor and docking it is taken up by a different captain. This captain is called a marine pilot. A marine pilot is a boat pilot with specialized knowledge of a particular port or harbor. The pilot is needed to direct large ships into a port, where there are often deep-water channels surrounded by shallower seabeds. Without the services of a marine pilot, docking ships would be hazardous. There would be a real chance of running aground and damaging the ship and the cargo, some of which might be dangerous if released into a water-based ecosystem. In addition to the shallower seabeds, tide and wind pose further challenges for bringing ships into a port. During different tides, currents may change from one direction to the other. The same strategy for docking a ship during an incoming tide may not work during an outgoing tide. Also, the wind can significantly alter the direction of the ship and how it reacts, adding to the difficulty of docking the ship. Marine pilotage is a job that requires a high degree of proficiency as well as quick and independent thinking. Above all, it is about risk management. A marine pilot goes on board at a crucial time and controls the ship based on his or her knowledge of the port and the situation at hand. The pilot is responsible for not only the safety of the ship but also the protection of the port and the marine environment. 53．What is the passage mainly about? A．A special profession. B．Shipping and trading. C．Guidelines for safe docking. D．Protection of the marine environment. 54．Which of the following is part of the knowledge that a marine pilot must have? A．The value of the ships. B．The content of the cargo. C．The weather conditions. D．The diversity of marine life. 55．What does “a crucial time” in the last paragraph refer to? A．When the ship departs from port. B．When the channel is not deep enough. C．When there is a crash of two ships. D．When a ship is waiting to enter the port. 56．How does the author conclude the passage in the last paragraph? A．By adding new details. B．By predicting future development. C．By summarizing the main points. D．By giving advice to the general public. 【15】（2024·四川德阳·一模）Dog owners often believe that their pets understand commands such as “sit” and “stay”, and even associate words with their favorite objects. “Bring me your ball” will often result in exactly that. But science has had trouble determining whether dogs and other animals truly create a mental image in their minds upon hearing the name of an object, a relationship with language called referential understanding, which would suggest a deeper understanding of language, like the kind that humans have. A recent study conducted in Hungary, appearing in Current Biology, explores this issue. It involved 18 dogs and employed a non-invasive EEG procedure to measure their brain activity. Researchers played audio clips of their owners saying the names of objects, such as “ball” or “frisbee”, and then showed the dogs either the corresponding object or a different one to see if dogs would show a distinct brain response when the object matched the word compared to when it did not. Boros, a co-lead writer of the study, said “A different brain pattern appeared when the dogs were shown an object that matched the word compared to when it did not, indicating that they might create a mental image of the object upon hearing its name. That was previously unproven.” Lilla Magyari, another co-lead writer, noted that while other animals have shown some level of referential understanding, they often require extensive training. In contrast, the study suggests that in dogs, such abilities appear to be inborn and require no special training or talent. This finding supports that referential understanding is not necessarily unique to humans. Despite the study’s promising results, some experts are skeptical. Clive Wynne from Arizona State University argued on Facebook that the study only demonstrates dogs’ responses to stimuli (刺激物), rather than an understanding of specific words. He doubts whether dogs grasp the exact meaning of words. Scientists believe the first dogs began to be kept by humans up to 30,000 years ago. The animals have lived closely alongside us ever since. However, whether this long history of cohabitation contributed to their ability to understand referential language remains an open question. 1．What does “referential understanding” refer to? A．Associating words with emotions. B．Responding actively to commands. C．Forming mental images of objects. D．Learning objects through training. 2．How did researchers test dogs’ brain responses? A．By using different audio tones. B．By adjusting shapes of objects. C．By matching objects with words. D．By comparing different objects. 3．Which does Clive Wynne agree with about the study? A．It overestimates dogs’ cognitive abilities. B．It is widely accepted by the scientific field. C．It proves dogs know specific words very well. D．It provides a new insight about dogs’ evolution. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．What dog owners’ belief about their pets is. B．What dogs’ response to the different objects is. C．Whether we can train dogs to follow commands. D．Whether referential understanding exists in Dogs. 【16】（24-25高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习）For more than two decades, Elon Musk has focused SpaceX, his rocket company, on his lifelong goal of reaching Mars. Over the last year, he has also built up work on what will happen if he gets there. Mr. Musk, 53, has directed SpaceX employees to drill into the design and details of a Martian city, according to five people with knowledge of the efforts and documents viewed by The New York Times. One team is drawing up plans for small dome habitats, including the materials that could be used to build them. Another is working on spacesuits to combat Mars's hostile environment, while a medical team is researching whether humans can have children there. These initiatives, which are at their early stage, are a shift toward more concrete planning for life on Mars as Mr. Musk's timeline has hastened (加速). While he said in 2016 that it would take 40 to 100 years to have a self- sustaining civilization on the planet, Mr. Musk told SpaceX employees in April that he now expects one million people to be living there in about 20 years. Mr. Musk has long tried to defy(违抗) the impossible and has often managed to beat tough odds. But his vision for life on Mars takes his seemingly limitless ambitions to their most extreme — and some might say absurdist — point. No one has ever set foot on the planet. NASA doesn't expect to land humans on Mars until the 2040s. And if people get there, they will be greeted by a barren terrain, icy temperatures, dust storms, and air that is impossible to breathe. Yet Mr. Musk is so wedded (执着) to the idea of creating a civilization on Mars — he once said he plans to die there — that it has pushed nearly every business endeavor he has undertaken on Earth. His vision for Mars underlies most of the six companies that he leads or owns, each of which could potentially contribute to a space colony, according to the documents and the people with knowledge of the efforts. The Boring Company, a private tunneling venture founded by Mr. Musk, was started in part to ready equipment to dig under Mars's surface, two of the people said. Mr. Musk has told people that he bought X, the social media platform, partly to help test how a citizen-led government that rules by consensus might work on Mars. He has also said that he envisions residents on the planet will drive a version of the steel-paneled Cybertrucks made by Tesla, his electric vehicle company. 1．What measures are being taken by SpaceX to realize their dream of Mars? A．Designing large spaceships and building hospitals. B．Planning for habitats and designing spacesuits. C．Developing technologies and training medical teams. D．Building space stations and inspiring employees to strive. 2．How do some people find Mr. Musk's vision for Mars? A．Practical and achievable. B．Unreasonable and time- consuming. C．Theoretical and promising. D．Over-ambitious and ridiculous. 3．Why did Mr. Musk purchase X social media platform? A．Because he intended to create a company on Mars. B．Because he was interested in promoting social network on Mars. C．Because he wanted to make profits by running it on Mars. D．Because he dream t of a resident- managed government for Mars. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Elon Musk's determination and initiatives to put people on Mars. B．Elon Musk's efforts to overcome the challenges of exploring Mars. C．Elon Musk's overall vision for the future development of Mars. D．Elon Musk's companies on Mars and their contributions. 【17】（24-25高二上·全国·单元测试）If you could change your children’s DNA in the future to protect them against diseases, would you? It could be possible because of technology known as CRISPR/Cas, or just CRISPR. CRISPR involves a piece of RNA, a chemical messenger, designed to work on one part of DNA; it also uses an enzyme that can take unwanted genes out and put new ones in, according to The Economist. There are other ways of editing DNA, but CRISPR will do it very simply, quickly, and exactly. The use of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything from Alzheimer’s disease to cancer to AIDS. By allowing doctors to put just the right cancer⁃killing genes into a patient’s immune system, the technology could help greatly. In April scientists in China said they had tried using CRISPR to edit the genomes (基因组) of human embryos. Though the embryos would never turn into humans, this was the first time anyone had ever tried to edit DNA from human beings. With this in mind, the US National Academy of Sciences plans to discuss questions about CRISPR’s ethics (伦理标准). For example, CRISPR doesn’t work properly yet. As well as cutting the DNA it is looking for, it often cuts other DNA, too. In addition, we currently seem to have too little understanding of what DNA gives people what qualities. There are also moral questions. Of course, medicine already stops natural things from happening—for example, it saves people from infections. The opportunities to treat diseases make it hard to say we shouldn’t keep going. A harder question is whether it is ever right to edit human cells and make changes that are passed on to children. This is banned in 40 countries and restricted in many others. However, CRISPR means that if genes can be edited out, they can also be edited back in. It may be up to us as a society to decide when and where editing the genome is wrong. Also, according to The Economist, gene editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children: “Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs.” In the end, more research is still needed to see what we can and can’t do with CRISPR. “It’s still a huge mystery how we work,” Craig Mello, a UMass Chan Medical School biologist and Nobel Prize winner, told The Boston Globe. “We’re just trying to figure out this amazingly complicated thing we call life.” 1．According to the passage, what can we know about the technology of CRISPR? A．It is very safe because it only cuts the DNA it is looking for. B．It is banned in most countries and restricted in many others. C．It could cause parents to make unwise choices for their children. D．It could help us discover the link between DNA and the qualities it gives people. 2．What can be inferred from the passage? A．All diseases could probably be cured through the use of CRISPR. B．Scientists had never edited genomes before CRISPR was invented. C．CRISPR is a technology that uses an enzyme to work on RNA and DNA． D．CRISPR has proven to be the most effective way to protect children against diseases. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards CRISPR? A．Supportive. B．Worried. C．Negative. D．Objective. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．What we can and can’t do with CRISPR. B．How CRISPR was developed by scientists. C．The advantages of CRISPR and arguments about its ethics. D．Scientists’ experiments of using CRISPR to edit human embryos. 【18】（2024·四川成都·模拟预测）Sharks and their relatives are some of the most threatened vertebrates (脊椎动物) on Earth. Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) provide homes for countless fish species that are vital for fisheries and are therefore an especially important ecosystem for humans — and one where the decline of shark populations seems to be especially acute. The study by Simpfendorfer will his team is the result of a worldwide collaboration called the Global FinPrint project. The data analyzed include more than 20,000 hours of standardized underwater video taken at nearly 400 reefs in 67 countries around the world. It reveals declines of 60 to 73% of once-abundant coral reef shark species at reefs around the world. However, the findings of Simpfendorfer with his team include signs of hope and a clear path forward. Their results show that although shark populations in many reefs had declined, some healthy reef shark populations remained. The reefs with healthier shark populations had some important similarities: they tended to be in the waters of high-income countries with stronger natural resource management regulations. A country that lacks the resources to feed its people is less able to sustainably manage and protect its biodiversity. The most unexpected result of the study is that a decline or complete loss of shark species in one reef was not always associated with similar changes in nearby reefs.They found that one reef can be over fished so badly that a once-common reef shark species is totally gone, but another reef a short distance away can have healthy populations of that same species.It is likely that healthy populations can eventually help repopulate nearby areas. The problem is clear — animals that provide ecosystem services that are vital for human food security and livelihoods are disappearing at an alarming rate. The loss of sharks and the ecosystem services they provide represents an ecological disaster that can cause substantial harm to humans. But apparently, the findings have shown a way. If the threat that led to population decline are resolved, then these important and threatened animals may recover. 1．Why is Simpfendorfer with his team mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To stress the result of global collaboration. B．To state the urgency of protecting the ocean. C．To show the severe condition of certain sharks. D．To present the figures of their contributions to sharks. 2．Simpfendorfer’s research found that healthy reef shark populations remained because of _____. A．strict laws in rich countries B．developed countries C．similarities between other waters D．public awareness of protecting reefs 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．Changes in reefs lead to loss of shark species. B．Humans and animals depend on each other in ecosystem. C．It’s not clear whether humans cause damage to biodiversity. D．The declined shark species have nothing to do with overfishing. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．Acute Decline of reef sharks. B．Potential recovery of reef sharks. C．Global cooperation of saving sharks. D．Amazing discovery of Coral reefs. 【19】（2024·辽宁·模拟预测）Deep below the ground, radioactive elements break up water molecules (分子), producing substances that can fuel subsurface life. This process, known as radiolysis (辐射分解), has supported bacteria in tiny cracks filled with water on Earth for millions to billions of years. Now a study published in Astrobiology shows that radiolysis may have supported life in the Martian subsurface. Dust storms, rays in the universe and solar winds ruin the Red Planet’s surface. But below, some life might find shelter. “The best survival habitat on Mars is the subsurface,” said Jesse Tarnas, a planetary scientist at NASA．Examining the Martian underground could help scientists learn whether life existed there. And the best subsurface samples available today are Martian meteorites (陨石) that have crash-landed on Earth. Tarnas and his colleague looked at the minerals on the Martian surface and how many radioactive elements there were, using satellite and rover data. They used computers to simulate (模拟) radiolysis to see how efficiently the process would have generated life-supporting hydrogen gas and other chemical substances. They reported that if water was present, radiolysis could have supported life for billions of years and perhaps still could today. Scientists had previously studied Mars radiolysis, but this marked the first estimate using Martian rocks to see how habitable Mars underground might be. Tarnas and his colleagues also evaluated the potential richness of life in Martian underground. They found that up to a million bacteria could exist. in just one kilogram of rock. The most habitable seemed to be the southern highlands of Mars, which is the most ancient area on Mars, according to Tarnas. “Underground life would require water and it remains unknown if groundwater exists on the planet,” says Lujendra Ojha, a planetary scientist at Rutgers University. Determining whether the Martian’ subsurface contains water will be an important next step, but this investigation helps to motivate that search. Ojha says, “Where there is groundwater, there could be life.” 1．What does radiolysis refer to according to the passage? A．The formation of water deep underground. B．The breakdown of rocks in the Earth’s core. C．The production of energy from radioactive elements. D．The process of radioactive elements splitting water molecule. 2．How did Tarnas and his colleague carry out their research? A．By simulating with collected data. B．By comparing original data. C．By engaging in a Martian field research. D．By conducting a survey. 3．Which can be inferred from the last 2 paragraphs? A．Tarnas is the first to study Mars radiolysis. B．The presence of groundwater is key to the findings. C．Ojha questions that underground life exists on Mars. D．The southern highlands of Mars was home to millions of bacteria. 4．What is the research mainly about? A．The reason for no life on the Martian surface. B．The data source for the study of Martian habitability. C．The possibility of Mars sustaining life through radiolysis. D．The richness of radioactive elements below the Martian surface. 【20】（2024·福建宁德·三模）Ammonia (氨) is one of many pollutants present in wastewater and can be poisonous for marine and land life. Therefore, in a process called air stripping(空气吹脱), it is removed from wastewater and later use o as a fertilizer or fuel. Air stripping transforms ammonia into a gas that can then escape the wastewater from its surface. But this process is not efficient: it is energy-intensive, and requires specific temperatures, air supply, and a lot of chemicals, making it expensive. Addressing these disadvantages, researchers from South Korea have demonstrated that the simple application of an electric field during air stripping can considerably improve the efficiency of ammonia removal, even under sub-standard conditions. “So far, the removal of ammonia from wastewater was thought to be dependent on only pH, temperature, and air supply. However we have shown that an electric field can also act as a modulator (调节器) of this process,” says Prof. Young-Chae Song, the lead investigator on this study. Prof. Song and his team used a combination of live experiments with an ammonia removal tank and deep learning to understand how electric fields of different strengths influence the efficiency of ammonia removal from wastewater. They found that electric fields with an alternating current of 50 MHz and a power of 15 V/cm significantly improve the ammonia removal efficiency, increasing it from 51% to 94%, even under sub-standard conditions. Therefore, improved ammonia yields could be achieved while considerably reducing the consumption of energy and chemicals. Prof. Song comments, “Our findings showed that electric field application provides a similar efficiency of ammonia removal to conventional methods at a much lower temperature, air supply, and pH. Moreover, the energy needed to power the electric field is a minute part of the energy required to achieve these ‘excellent’ conditions.” Indeed, this new electric field-coupled platform could provide a more economical way of getting-ammonia from wastewater and reducing the carbon footprint associated with this process. 1．What happens to ammonia during air stripping? A．It becomes a fertilizer. B．It stays on the water. C．It changes into another state. D．It disappears in the process. 2．What can be inferred from Prof. Song’s words? A．Electric fields slow the process of the removal. B．Much energy is needed to achieve good conditions. C．The removal of ammonia depends on electric fields. D．The use of electric fields improves the traditional method. 3．What is the function of the new platform? A．To power air stripping. B．To lower the temperature. C．To provide economical energy. D．To remove ammonia at a lower cost. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The discovery of electric fields. B．An electric field-coupled platform. C．A new technological advancement. D．Electric field s of different strengths. 试卷第36页，共37页 22 / 22 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$