外刊及中国日报精选（2024.11.20期)文章改编语法填空：智能手机对我们有害吗？中国的癌症存活率在上升-2025届高三上学期英语一轮复习专项

2024外刊及中国日报精选（2024.11.20期)文章改编：语法填空（答案+译文） 第一篇 Are smartphones bad for us? 智能手机对我们有害吗？ Source: The Guardian Why are so many people worried about their phone use? Because many people feel themselves_______(catch) in the vortex of compulsive (adj.难以抑制的，不能自拔的) overuse. Some people even hate their phones, but still struggle to reduce use. In 2021, US adults spent _______ average eight hours with digital media each day. A growing body of evidence shows that the more time a person spends consuming digital media each day, the more likely they are to struggle with _______(depress) and anxiety. We see clinically (adv.临床地) that when depressed and anxious patients spend less time online, mood and anxiety improve without our having done any other intervention. How does smartphone use affect children and teens differently than adults? Children’s brains are going through a rapid process of development_______ the circuits they use least are pruned (adj.修剪的（prune的变形）) and the circuits they use most often made more efficient through a process called myelination (n.[解剖]髓鞘形成). Hence, childhood and adolescence is a critical time of building neural circuits that will provide the scaffolding for the adult brain. If children are spending all their time online, they will have a complex and elaborated neural scaffolding for that but not for other important activities, like learning delayed gratification (n.满足), frustration tolerance, in-person socialization, mind-body connection, etc. Also, adolescents are exquisitely sensitive to social cues and so are more likely_______(influence) by the social contagion effect of the internet. What do we know about_______ phones affect our day-to-day social interactions? Social media invites comparisons between ourselves and other people, leaving many of us feeling that we can never measure up to the illusory standards of achievement, beauty or happiness that are portrayed online. This is turn can contribute to learned helplessness, depression and anxiety. The AI algorithms (n.算法) that track us push to more extreme content _______ can contribute to polarization (n.极化；两极分化) and consumption of more extreme content, neither of which is good for fostering civil discourse or for emotional and mental wellbeing. How do we get people to step back from their smartphones when it can feel like one’s entire life – social, professional, personal – is on there? It’s very hard because the devices serve multiple purposes. One suggestion many experts make _______(be)to not use these devices after one retires for the evening or when having meals with others. But I think that to be effective, parents need to do this as well as teens. It’s a complicated question,_______ it’s not just about smartphone use, it’s about what are you doing in your life and where your focus is. It’s about stepping back and making sure that there’s a balance across the needs you have in your life, whether those are social, creative or professional. Also, these technologies are designed to be sticky. So overuse is not just a personal failing, it’s not because you, or I, or our children, are incapable of _______(regulate) ourselves. They’re designed to pull us in. 第二篇 Cancer survival rates in China on the rise 中国的癌症存活率在上升 Source: China Daily The overall five-year survive survival rate of cancer in China _______(be)increasing year by year, rising from 30.9 percent at the beginning of this century to 43.7 percent by 2022, according to the latest data from the National Cancer Center. The incidence of cancer in China matches the global average with a_______(slight) higher mortality (n.死亡人数，死亡率) rate. However, after years of effort, the speed of the overall increase in the cancer survival rate in China has approached that of developed countries, said He Jie, director of the center and president of the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, during_______(it) academic annual conference in Beijing from Friday to Sunday. The World Health Organization proposes that one-third of _______(cancer) can be prevented, and one-third can be cured through early detection and treatment. According to monitoring data from 2000 to 2018, the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of high-incidence tumors such as esophageal and gastric cancer in the Chinese population have been decreasing year by year. Experts said this is directly related to the gradual promotion of upper digestive tract cancer screening in China. He added that the urban early diagnosis and treatment project for cancer_______(promote) by the National Cancer Center has now covered approximately 7 million people in 104 cities across 31 provincial-level regions. In addition to prevention and early diagnosis and treatment, another key aspect of reducing cancer incidence and mortality rates is standardized treatment. In recent years, the number of specialized cancer departments in national tertiary cancer hospitals and tertiary public comprehensive hospitals has increased, _______ the distribution(分布) is uneven（不均匀的）. Some county hospitals are accelerating the establishment of oncology (n.[肿瘤] 肿瘤学) and radiotherapy departments, but there are still quality control issues, experts said. Cutting-edge (adj.领先的) cancer prevention and treatment methods are now _______(access) in China. Data shows that in the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the approval of new anti-cancer drugs in China, with a total of 208 approved. The proportion of domestically developed innovative drugs has also significantly increased, _______(exceed) 60 percent in 2024.Besides drugs, more convenient and suitable cancer diagnosis and treatment equipment is also being developed. Zheng Zhongwei, _______ official from the National Health Commission, said that relevant departments are reviewing core scientific issues such as tumor immune mechanisms and metabolic mechanisms, preparing to select teams, and conducting organized cancer prevention and treatment technological breakthroughs. The overall five-year cancer survival rate is expected to reach 46.6 percent _______ 2030, effectively controlling the disease burden on patients, according to the commission. 第三篇 President Xi calls on G20 to advance global governance 习近平主席呼吁G20推进全球治理 Source: China Daily President Xi Jinping has urged the G20 to continue to act as a force _______(improve) global governance and move history forward, as this main forum for international economic cooperation is now confronting a more fragmented world economy than it was in 2008. Xi made the call while attending the second session of the G20 Summit on Monday afternoon. The session was a platform for discussions about reforming global governance. "It has been 16 years since the G20 Summit was launched. Over the years, we _______(work) in solidarity to tackle the global financial crisis, promoted cooperation on global economy, finance and trade, and steered the world economy onto the track of recovery," Xi said. _______(consist) of 19 countries and two regional bodies of the African Union and the European Union, the G20 represents around 85 percent of the _______(world) GDP, more than 75 percent of world trade and around two-thirds of the world's population. To improve global trade governance and build a world economy characterized by openness, the Chinese president said development should _______(place) at the center of the international economic and trade agenda, and trade and investment liberalization and facilitation should be _______(steady) advanced. He stressed the need to press ahead with reforming the World Trade Organization (WTO), oppose unilateralism (n.单边主义) and protectionism, restore the normal functioning of the dispute-settlement mechanism as soon as possible, and reach _______ early consensus on an e-commerce agreement. "It is important to avoid politicizing _______(economy) issues, avoid fragmenting the global market, and avoid taking protectionist moves in the name of green and low-carbon development," Xi told the participating leaders. The Chinese president made the appeal at a time _______ the WTO's principle of free and fair trade has been challenged by certain countries' politicization of trade and investment for geopolitical (adj.地理政治学的) reasons. Xi noted in his remarks: "We should keep in mind that mankind lives in a community with a shared future; see each other's development as opportunities rather than challenges; and view each other_______ partners rather than rivals." 答案 第一篇caught；on；depression；where； to be influenced；how；which；is ；because；regulating 第二篇has been； slightly； its；cancers；promoted；but；accessible；exceeding；an；by 第三篇to improve；have worked；Consisting；world's；be placed；steadily；an；economic；when；as 译文 第一篇： 为什么这么多人担心手机使用问题？因为许多人觉得自己陷入了强迫性过度使用的漩涡。有些人甚至讨厌他们的手机，但仍在努力减少使用。2021 年，美国成年人平均每天花 8小时使用数字媒体。越来越多的证据表明，一个人每天花在数字媒体上的时间越多，他们就越有可能患上抑郁和焦虑症。我们在临床上看到，当抑郁和焦虑患者减少上网时间时，情绪和焦虑就会得到改善，而无需我们进行任何其他干预。 智能手机使用对儿童及青少年的影响与成人有何不同？儿童的大脑正处于快速发展的阶段，其中使用最少的神经回路会被“修剪”掉，而最常使用的神经回路则会通过一种称为“髓鞘形成”的过程变得更加高效。因此，儿童及青少年时期是构建神经回路的关键时期，这些回路将为成年后的大脑提供结构支撑。如果儿童将所有的时间都花在网络上，他们的大脑就会为网络活动建立起复杂且精细的神经结构，而对于其他重要活动，如学习延迟满足、挫折忍受力、面对面社交、身心联系等，则可能缺乏相应的神经结构支撑。此外，青少年对社会信号的感知异常敏锐，因此更容易受到互联网社交传染效应的影响。 我们对手机如何影响我们的日常社交互动了解多少？社交媒体促使我们与他人进行比较，这让许多人觉得自己永远无法达到网上所展示的成就、美貌或幸福的虚幻标准。这种感觉反过来又可能导致习得性无助、抑郁和焦虑。而追踪我们的AI算法会推送更加极端的内容，这可能加剧观点的极化，并促使我们消费更多极端内容，这两者都不利于培养文明对话，也不利于情感和心理健康。 当人们感觉自己的整个生活（社交、职业和个人生活）都存储在智能手机上时，我们怎样才能让人们远离智能手机呢？这很难做到，因为智能手机具备多种功能。许多专家给出的一个建议是，晚上就寝后或与他人共进餐时不要使用手机。但我认为，为了让这一建议有效，家长和青少年都需要这样做。这是一个复杂的问题，因为这不仅关乎智能手机的使用，还关乎你的生活方式以及你的关注点。它需要你退后一步，确保在生活中平衡满足你的各种需求，无论是社交需求、创造需求还是职业需求。此外，这些技术的设计就是粘性的。所以过度使用不仅仅是个人失败，也不是因为你、我或我们的孩子无法自我调节。这些技术就是设计来吸引我们的。 第二篇： 根据来自国家癌症中心的最新数据，中国癌症患者的五年总体生存率逐年上升，从本世纪初的30.9%上升到2022年的43.7%。 中国的癌症发病率与全球平均水平相当，死亡人数略高。然而，经过多年的努力，中国癌症存活率的总体增长速度已经接近发达国家，中国医学科学院肿瘤医院院长、该中心主任何杰在周五至周日于北京举行的学术年会上表示。 世界卫生组织提出，三分之一的癌症是可以预防的，三分之一可以通过早期发现和治疗治愈。 根据2000年至2018年的监测数据，中国人群中食管癌、胃癌等高发肿瘤的年龄标准化发病率和死亡率逐年下降。专家表示，这与我国上消化管癌筛查的逐步推进有直接关系。 他补充说，国家癌症中心推动的城市癌症早诊早治项目，目前已覆盖全国31个省(区、市)104个城市的约700万人。 除了预防和早期诊断和治疗，降低癌症发病率和死亡率的另一个关键方面是标准化治疗。 近年来，国家三级肿瘤医院和三级公立综合医院肿瘤专科的数量有所增加，但分布不均衡。一些县级医院正在加快建立肿瘤科和放射治疗部门，但仍存在质量控制问题，专家说。 在中国，领先的癌症预防和治疗方法已经普及。数据显示，近十年来我国抗肿瘤新药获批数量明显增加，共获批208种。国内研发的创新药物占比也大幅提升，到2024年超过60%。除了药物，更方便、更适合的癌症诊断和治疗设备也在开发中。 国家卫生委员会官员郑中卫表示，相关部门正在审查肿瘤免疫机制和代谢机制等核心科学问题，准备选拔团队，并组织开展癌症防治技术突破 根据该委员会的预测，到2030年，癌症的五年总存活率预计将达到46.6%，有效控制患者的疾病负担。 第三篇： 习近平主席敦促G20继续发挥完善全球治理、推动历史前进的力量，因为这个国际经济合作的主要论坛目前面临着比2008年更加分裂的世界经济。习主席是在周一下午出席二十国集团领导人第二次峰会时发出这一呼吁的。会议是讨论改革全球治理的平台。 “G20集团峰会成立16周年。多年来，我们团结一致应对国际金融危机，推动全球经济、金融、贸易合作，推动世界经济步入复苏轨道。” G20由19个国家和非洲联盟、欧盟两个区域组织组成，国内生产总值占世界总量的85%左右，贸易占世界总量的75%以上，人口占世界总人口的三分之二左右。 要完善全球贸易治理，构建开放型世界经济。要把发展放在国际经贸议程的中心位置，稳步推进贸易和投资自由化便利化。 他强调，要推进世界贸易组织改革，反对单边主义和保护主义，尽快恢复争端解决机制正常运作，早日就电子商务协定达成共识。 中国总统呼吁,世贸组织的原则,自由和公平的贸易受到了某些国家的政治化的贸易和投资的地缘政治原因。 习在讲话中指出：“我们要牢记人类是命运共同体；视彼此发展为机遇而非挑战；将彼此视为合作伙伴，而不是竞争对手。” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$